Database Tools Whitepaper
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Name: Teacher
Name: Teacher: Key Words There are many key words in History!! In the word search below are some of the ore common words. Try to find them, then see which words you can define (you can us a dictionary or the internet to help you). H A P P E N C W V C S M Q B I Y I J Y R O T S I H W Y M S Y K O V Q D T D N D E N E T I M E L I N E B A A B F U O L W C E G F V T R X Y N R R E M Y O R C E T Z T W E K I N P L A C E Y H H Q T U Y A H L U V Y U Y X E Y J S G N K E G U I T C L K T U O J N I F H O R V P M H I B T Y O E N C H R O N O L O G Y P W B Q E U E V D O E O H O S F W D I P C S P W P B M A W HISTORIAN ________________________________________________________ PAST______________________________________________________________ TIMELINE__________________________________________________________ EVENT_____________________________________________________________ YEAR______________________________________________________________ DATE______________________________________________________________ MONTH____________________________________________________________ AGO_______________________________________________________________ CHRONOLOGY_______________________________________________________ HISTORY___________________________________________________________ PLACE______________________________________________________________ HAPPEN____________________________________________________________ How is time divided up? Put the following words in order, from the shortest to the longest. Century Hour Second Decade Year Week Month Millennium Day Minute Draw a line to match the words below to their definition: Decade 100 years Century 1000 years Week 10 Years Millennium 365 days Year 7 Days Why do you think that knowing this is important for history? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ What are BC, BCE, AD and CE? Historians often talk about years as being BC or BCE and AD or CE. -
So Many Date Formats: Which Should You Use? Kamlesh Patel, Jigar Patel, Dilip Patel, Vaishali Patel Rang Technologies Inc, Piscataway, NJ
Paper – 2463-2017 So Many Date Formats: Which Should You Use? Kamlesh Patel, Jigar Patel, Dilip Patel, Vaishali Patel Rang Technologies Inc, Piscataway, NJ ABSTRACT Nearly all data is associated with some Date information. In many industries, a SAS® programmer comes across various Date formats in data that can be of numeric or character type. An industry like pharmaceuticals requires that dates be shown in ISO 8601 formats due to industry standards. Many SAS programmers commonly use a limited number of Date formats (like YYMMDD10. or DATE9.) with workarounds using scans or substring SAS functions to process date-related data. Another challenge for a programmer can be the source data, which can include either Date-Time or only Date information. How should a programmer convert these dates to the target format? There are many existing Date formats (like E8601 series, B8601 series, and so on) and informants available to convert the source Date to the required Date efficiently. In addition, there are some useful functions that we can explore for deriving timing-related variables. For these methods to be effective, one can use simple tricks to remember those formats. This poster is targeted to those who have a basic understanding of SAS dates. KEYWORDS SAS, date, time, Date-Time, format, informat, ISO 8601, tips, Basic, Extended, Notation APPLICATIONS: SAS v9.2 INTRODUCTION Date and time concept in SAS is very interesting and can be handled very efficiently if SAS programmers know beyond basics of different SAS Date formats and informats along with many different Date functions. There are various formats available to use as per need in SAS. -
ASN.1. Communication Between Heterogeneous Systems – Errata
ASN.1. Communication between heterogeneous systems – Errata These errata concern the June 5, 2000 electronic version of the book "ASN.1. Communication between heterogeneous systems", by Olivier Dubuisson (© 2000). (freely available at http://www.oss.com/asn1/resources/books‐whitepapers‐pubs/asn1‐ books.html#dubuisson.) N.B.: The first page number refers to the PDF electronic copy and is the number printed on each page, not the number at the bottom of the Acrobat Reader window. The page number in parentheses refers to the paper copy published by Morgan Kaufmann. Page 9 (page 8 for the paper copy): ‐ last line, replace "(the number 0 low‐weighted byte" with "(the number 0 low‐weighted bit". Page 19 (page 19 for the paper copy): ‐ on the paper copy, second bullet, replace "the Physical Layer marks up..." with "the Data Link Layer marks up...". ‐ on the electronic copy, second bullet, replace "it is down to the Physical Layer to mark up..." with "it is down to the Data Link Layer to mark up...". Page 25 (page 25 for the paper copy): second paragraph, replace "that all the data exchange" with "that all the data exchanged". Page 32 (page 32 for the paper copy): last paragraph, replace "The order number has at least 12 digits" with "The order number has always 12 digits". Page 34 (page 34 for the paper copy): first paragraph, replace "it will be computed again since..." with "it will be computed again because...". Page 37 for the electronic copy only: in the definition of Quantity, replace "unites" with "units". Page 104 (page 104 for the paper copy): ‐ in rule <34>, delete ", digits"; ‐ at the end of section 8.3.2, add the following paragraph: Symbols such as "{", "[", "[[", etc, are also lexical tokens of the ASN.1 notation. -
Data-Model Comparisons of Tropical Hydroclimate Changes Over the Common Era
manuscript submitted to Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 1 Data-Model Comparisons of Tropical Hydroclimate Changes Over the Common Era 2 A. R. Atwood1*, D. S. Battisti2, E. Wu2, D. M. W. Frierson2, J. P. Sachs3 3 1Florida State University, Dept. of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Tallahassee, FL, USA 4 2University of Washington, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 5 3University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 6 7 Corresponding author: Alyssa Atwood ([email protected]) 8 9 Key Points: 10 • A synthesis of 67 tropical hydroclimate records from 55 sites indicate several regionally- 11 coherent patterns of change during the Common Era 12 • Robust patterns include a regional drying event from 800-1000 CE and a range of tropical 13 hydroclimate changes ~1400-1700 CE 14 • Poor agreement between the centennial-scale changes in the reconstructions and transient 15 model simulations of the last millennium 16 manuscript submitted to Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 17 Abstract 18 We examine the evidence for large-scale tropical hydroclimate changes over the Common Era 19 based on a compilation of 67 tropical hydroclimate records from 55 sites and assess the 20 consistency between the reconstructed hydroclimate changes and those simulated by transient 21 model simulations of the last millennium. Our synthesis of the proxy records reveal several 22 regionally-coherent patterns on centennial timescales. From 800-1000 CE, records from the 23 eastern Pacific and northern Mesoamerica indicate a pronounced drying event relative to 24 background conditions of the Common Era. In addition, 1400-1700 CE is marked by pronounced 25 hydroclimate changes across the tropics, including an inferred strengthening of the South 26 American summer monsoon, weakened Asian summer monsoons, and fresher conditions in the 27 Maritime Continent. -
Understanding JSON Schema Release 2020-12
Understanding JSON Schema Release 2020-12 Michael Droettboom, et al Space Telescope Science Institute Sep 14, 2021 Contents 1 Conventions used in this book3 1.1 Language-specific notes.........................................3 1.2 Draft-specific notes............................................4 1.3 Examples.................................................4 2 What is a schema? 7 3 The basics 11 3.1 Hello, World!............................................... 11 3.2 The type keyword............................................ 12 3.3 Declaring a JSON Schema........................................ 13 3.4 Declaring a unique identifier....................................... 13 4 JSON Schema Reference 15 4.1 Type-specific keywords......................................... 15 4.2 string................................................... 17 4.2.1 Length.............................................. 19 4.2.2 Regular Expressions...................................... 19 4.2.3 Format.............................................. 20 4.3 Regular Expressions........................................... 22 4.3.1 Example............................................. 23 4.4 Numeric types.............................................. 23 4.4.1 integer.............................................. 24 4.4.2 number............................................. 25 4.4.3 Multiples............................................ 26 4.4.4 Range.............................................. 26 4.5 object................................................... 29 4.5.1 Properties........................................... -
How Long Is a Year.Pdf
How Long Is A Year? Dr. Bryan Mendez Space Sciences Laboratory UC Berkeley Keeping Time The basic unit of time is a Day. Different starting points: • Sunrise, • Noon, • Sunset, • Midnight tied to the Sun’s motion. Universal Time uses midnight as the starting point of a day. Length: sunrise to sunrise, sunset to sunset? Day Noon to noon – The seasonal motion of the Sun changes its rise and set times, so sunrise to sunrise would be a variable measure. Noon to noon is far more constant. Noon: time of the Sun’s transit of the meridian Stellarium View and measure a day Day Aday is caused by Earth’s motion: spinning on an axis and orbiting around the Sun. Earth’s spin is very regular (daily variations on the order of a few milliseconds, due to internal rearrangement of Earth’s mass and external gravitational forces primarily from the Moon and Sun). Synodic Day Noon to noon = synodic or solar day (point 1 to 3). This is not the time for one complete spin of Earth (1 to 2). Because Earth also orbits at the same time as it is spinning, it takes a little extra time for the Sun to come back to noon after one complete spin. Because the orbit is elliptical, when Earth is closest to the Sun it is moving faster, and it takes longer to bring the Sun back around to noon. When Earth is farther it moves slower and it takes less time to rotate the Sun back to noon. Mean Solar Day is an average of the amount time it takes to go from noon to noon throughout an orbit = 24 Hours Real solar day varies by up to 30 seconds depending on the time of year. -
Common Era Sea-Level Budgets Along the U.S. Atlantic Coast ✉ Jennifer S
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22079-2 OPEN Common Era sea-level budgets along the U.S. Atlantic coast ✉ Jennifer S. Walker 1,2 , Robert E. Kopp 1,2, Timothy A. Shaw 3, Niamh Cahill 4, Nicole S. Khan5, Donald C. Barber 6, Erica L. Ashe 1,2, Matthew J. Brain7, Jennifer L. Clear8, D. Reide Corbett 9 & Benjamin P. Horton 3,10 Sea-level budgets account for the contributions of processes driving sea-level change, but are 1234567890():,; predominantly focused on global-mean sea level and limited to the 20th and 21st centuries. Here we estimate site-specific sea-level budgets along the U.S. Atlantic coast during the Common Era (0–2000 CE) by separating relative sea-level (RSL) records into process- related signals on different spatial scales. Regional-scale, temporally linear processes driven by glacial isostatic adjustment dominate RSL change and exhibit a spatial gradient, with fastest rates of rise in southern New Jersey (1.6 ± 0.02 mm yr−1). Regional and local, temporally non-linear processes, such as ocean/atmosphere dynamics and groundwater withdrawal, contributed between −0.3 and 0.4 mm yr−1 over centennial timescales. The most significant change in the budgets is the increasing influence of the common global signal due to ice melt and thermal expansion since 1800 CE, which became a dominant contributor to RSL with a 20th century rate of 1.3 ± 0.1 mm yr−1. 1 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. 2 Rutgers Institute of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. -
Array Databases: Concepts, Standards, Implementations
Baumann et al. J Big Data (2021) 8:28 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-020-00399-2 SURVEY PAPER Open Access Array databases: concepts, standards, implementations Peter Baumann , Dimitar Misev, Vlad Merticariu and Bang Pham Huu* *Correspondence: b. Abstract phamhuu@jacobs-university. Multi-dimensional arrays (also known as raster data or gridded data) play a key role in de Large-Scale Scientifc many, if not all science and engineering domains where they typically represent spatio- Information Systems temporal sensor, image, simulation output, or statistics “datacubes”. As classic database Research Group, Jacobs technology does not support arrays adequately, such data today are maintained University, Bremen, Germany mostly in silo solutions, with architectures that tend to erode and not keep up with the increasing requirements on performance and service quality. Array Database systems attempt to close this gap by providing declarative query support for fexible ad-hoc analytics on large n-D arrays, similar to what SQL ofers on set-oriented data, XQuery on hierarchical data, and SPARQL and CIPHER on graph data. Today, Petascale Array Database installations exist, employing massive parallelism and distributed processing. Hence, questions arise about technology and standards available, usability, and overall maturity. Several papers have compared models and formalisms, and benchmarks have been undertaken as well, typically comparing two systems against each other. While each of these represent valuable research to the best of our knowledge there is no comprehensive survey combining model, query language, architecture, and practical usability, and performance aspects. The size of this comparison diferentiates our study as well with 19 systems compared, four benchmarked to an extent and depth clearly exceeding previous papers in the feld; for example, subsetting tests were designed in a way that systems cannot be tuned to specifcally these queries. -
Representation of Date and Time Data Standard
REPRESENTATION OF DATE AND TIME DATA STANDARD Standard No.: EX000013.1 January 6, 2006 This standard has been produced through the Environmental Data Standards Council (EDSC). Representation of Date and Time Data Standard Std No.: EX000013.1 Foreword The Environmental Data Standards Council (EDSC) identifies, prioritizes and pursues the creation of data standards for those areas where information exchange standards will provide the most value in achieving environmental results. The Council involves Tribes and Tribal Nations, state and federal agencies in the development of the standards and then provides the draft materials for general review. Business groups, non-governmental organizations, and other interested parties may then provide input and comment for Council consideration and standard finalization. Standards are available at http://www.epa.gov/datastandards 1.0 INTRODUCTION This is a format standard which indicates how one displays a particular day within a Gregorian calendar month and specifies an instance of time in the day. Time is expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). UTC is the official time scale, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), and the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS). Examples of the formats follow: a. Date only format When the need is for an expression only of a calendar date, then the complete representation shall be a single numeric data element comprising eight digits, where [YYYY] represents a calendar year, [MM] the ordinal number of a calendar month within the calendar year, and [DD] the ordinal number of a day within the calendar month. Extended format: YYYY-MM-DD EXAMPLE 1985-04-12 b. -
Answer Key Sample Timeline
HISTORY OF FOOD | ANSWER KEY SAMPLE TIMELINE 150,000–11,000 BCE: Pre-agriculture 6000–3000 BCE: Dawn of early civilizations 1600s–1800s: Global agricultural evolution Early humans acquired food by hunting wild Agriculture provided more calories per acre and Food plants imported from the Americas spread animals and gathering from wild plants. tied people to places. across the globe; improved nutrition helped Diets were high in fruits, vegetables, lean protein Densely populated settlements evolved into reduce disease. and healthy fats. towns, then cities. Refrigerated transport, improved processing and preservation techniques and growing distribution People may have lived into their 70s. People become free to pursue interests other than farming. networks allowed farmers to ship their surplus There were no signs of the diet-related chronic goods over greater distances. illnesses that are common today. The rise of political elites created social inequalities. Favorable climate and fertile soils allowed American farmers to produce enough surplus grain, and eventually meat, to supply much of Europe. 150 ,000 BCE 11 ,000 9000 7000 5000 3000 1000 BCE 1000 CE Prehistory Before Common Era Common Era 11,000–5000 BCE: 6000 BCE–present: Cycles of boom and bust 1800s–present: Global transition to agriculture Industrialization of the U.S. food system Increases in food production competed against population 11,000 BCE: Agriculture appeared in the growth, resource degradation, changing climate, droughts, Early 1900s: Synthetic fertilizer was invented. Fertile Crescent. and other drivers of famine. Farmers became more dependent on chemical 6000 BCE: Most farm animals had become The decline of Sumer, Greece, Rome and other ancient and fossil fuel inputs. -
Flask-JSON Documentation Release 0.3.4
Flask-JSON Documentation Release 0.3.4 Sergey Kozlov Aug 23, 2019 Contents 1 Installation 3 2 Initialization 5 3 Basic usage 7 4 Examples 9 5 Creating JSON responses 11 5.1 Jsonify HTTP errors........................................... 13 6 Encoding values 15 6.1 Iterables................................................. 15 6.2 Time values................................................ 15 6.3 Translation strings............................................ 16 6.4 Custom types............................................... 16 6.5 Encoding order.............................................. 17 7 Errors handing 19 8 JSONP support 21 9 Testing 23 10 Configuration 25 11 API 29 11.1 Low-Level API.............................................. 34 12 Flask-JSON Changelog 37 12.1 0.3.4................................................... 37 12.2 0.3.3................................................... 37 12.3 0.3.2................................................... 37 12.4 0.3.1................................................... 37 12.5 0.3.0................................................... 37 12.6 0.2.0................................................... 38 12.7 0.1.................................................... 38 12.8 0.0.1................................................... 38 i Index 39 ii Flask-JSON Documentation, Release 0.3.4 Flask-JSON is a simple extension that adds better JSON support to Flask application. It helps to handle JSON-based requests and provides the following features: • json_response() and @as_json to generate JSON responses. -
Dionysius Exiguus Name: Date
Name: Date: Numbering Years Ancient calendars were generally based on the calendar, this is AD 622. Most of 2013 is part of the beginning of a ruler's reign. For example, a certain Islamic year AH1434. AH is a Latin phrase that can year would be identified as the third be translated as “the year of the journey.” year of Hammurabi’s rule. The Hebrew calendar is used for Jewish religious Most people today use the services. The Hebrew year 5774 began at sunset on Western calendar (also known as September 4, 2013. Years are marked AM on the the Gregorian calendar) for Hebrew calendar for a Latin phrase that means “the everyday purposes. About AD525, beginning of the world.” a Christian monk named Dionysius Exiguus The Chinese calendar is used for festivals and marked the year Christ was born as 1. The Western holidays in many East Asian nations. In the Chinese calendar tells us we live in 2013, which is sometimes calendar, most of 2013 is known as the Year of the written AD 2013. AD refers to the anno Domini, a Snake. Latin phrase that means “the year of the Lord.” On Western calendars there are ten years in a The years before the birth of Christ are numbered decade, one hundred years in a century, and one backward from his birth. The year before AD 1 was 1 thousand years in a millennium. This is considered BC, or one year “before Christ.” the twenty-first century of the When referring to dates before Dionysius Exiguus Common Era.