DOCSLIB.ORG

Europeana Newspapers Collections Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Europeana Newspapers Collections Plan D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN Europeana DSI 2– Access to Digital Resources of European Heritage DELIVERABLE D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN Revision 1.0 Date of submission 28 February 2017 Author(s) Clemens Neudecker (SBB) Dissemination Level Public 1 D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN REVISION HISTORY AND STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY Revision History Revision Date Author Organisation Description No. Clemens Berlin State 0.1 17-10-2016 Initial draft Neudecker Library Clemens Berlin State 0.2 26-10-2016 Revised draft Neudecker Library Clemens Berlin State 0.3 10-01-2017 New structure Neudecker Library Clemens Berlin State 0.4 23-01-2017 Populated new structure Neudecker Library Clemens Berlin State 0.5 13-02-2017 Consolidated draft Neudecker Library Nienke van Schaverbeke, Europeana Comments and 0.6 14-02-2017 Adrian Murphy, Foundation suggestions for revision David Haskiya Europeana Section on product design 0.7 21-02-2017 David Haskiya Foundation and development added Clemens Berlin State Comments and 0.8 22-02-2017 Neudecker Library suggestions addressed Europeana 0.9 23-02-2017 Douglas McCarthy Final review Foundation Clemens Berlin State 1.0 27-02-2017 Finalised document Neudecker Library Statement of originality: This deliverable contains original unpublished work except where clearly indicated otherwise. Acknowledgement of previously published material and of the work of others has been made through appropriate citation, quotation or both. The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. ‘Europeana DSI is co-financed by the European Union's Connecting Europe Facility’ 2 D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN Table of Contents 1. Purpose of this document 4 1.1 Relationship to other documents 4 2. Elevator Pitch 4 3. Introduction to Europeana Newspapers 4 4. Business Model 5 4.1 Audiences 6 4.2 Value proposition 7 4.3 Market landscape 7 4.3.1 Market trends 9 4.3.2 SWOT analysis 9 4.4 Channels and networks 10 4.4.1 Advisory board 12 4.4.2 Events and workshops 13 4.4.3 Meetings and conferences 13 4.5 Key activities 14 4.5.1 Themes / Exhibitions 14 4.5.2 Browse entry points 14 4.5.3 Blog 14 4.5.4 Social media 15 4.5.5 User engagement activities 15 4.5.6 Activities timeline 15 4.6 Resources 16 4.7 Impact 16 5. Product design and development 19 5.1 Scope of product development 19 5.2 Evaluation 20 5.3 Product development methodology and policies 21 5.4 Roadmap 21 3 D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN 1. Purpose of this document This plan covers the ambitions and high level milestones for the Europeana Newspapers thematic collection over the duration of DSI-2 and beyond. It will be evaluated on an ongoing basis against implementation, results and actual landscape to ensure effectiveness. 1.1 Relationship to other documents This document follows strategy, direction and broad activities described in the Europeana Collections Plan1 (Deliverable 2.1). 2. Elevator Pitch “Europeana must now be regarded as the first port of call for anybody who wishes to explore the continent’s newspapers” - British Library Labs prize-winner Dr. Bob Nicholson, in his review of Europeana Newspapers for “Reviews in History”.2 As Dr. Nicholson notes in his review, Europeana Newspapers has improved access to Europe’s digital historical newspapers dramatically. Europeana Newspapers is currently the largest single collection of digitised historical newspapers from Europe, and the only online platform to provide a single entry point to digital newspaper full- text content covering four centuries, and more than a dozen languages, from major national and research libraries in Europe. Furthermore, Europeana Newspapers raises the bar for open library data, with a majority of the content (images and OCRed text) being made available without any restrictions for anyone to use and reuse due to public domain licensing, and all metadata being released under CC0. Thanks to its volume, variety and availability, the Europeana Newspapers collection is of tremendous value to a broad community of users, and can help enable new ways in research and education as well as support the further standardisation and adoption of best-practices for the large-scale digitisation and online presentation of historical newspapers in Europeana. 3. Introduction to Europeana Newspapers Europeana Newspapers is foreseen to launch early in 2018 as a thematic collection on Europeana and will be managed by the Berlin State Library3. Providing access to around 20 million pages - 12 million pages fully searchable - of digital historical newspaper content from 23 libraries in Europe, it forms one of the largest collections of Europe’s historical newspapers currently available online. 1 http://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Projects/Project_list/Europeana_DSI- 2/Deliverables/d2.1-europeana-collections-plan.pdf 2 http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/1894 3 http://staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/ 4 D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN The Europeana Newspapers thematic collection will build on the results of the highly successful 2012-2015 ICT-PSP project Europeana Newspapers (Ref. 297380)4. The Europeana Newspapers project was a joint effort of 18 partners with the aim to make a significant amount of Europe’s historical newspapers fully searchable by means of refining scanned newspaper pages from libraries throughout Europe with OCR and, to some extent, also article separation. At the close of the project, the historical newspapers portal prototype developed by The European Library (TEL)5 provided access to more than 20 million pages of historical newspapers from as early on as 1618 and up to the 21st century - equivalent to more than 1,000 newspaper titles with around 3,6 million issues. As indicated below (4.7), the prototype has seen a very promising degree of use, with around 1.3 million visitors to the site in 2016 and an exceptionally high user session duration of over 16 minutes, indicating that users really dive into the full-text content of the newspapers. Access to the collection is possible via a variety of entry points such as ● full-text search (string search), incl. autosuggestions ● search by newspaper title ● search by date of issue using a calendar ● search by country of publication on a map Additionally, filters and facets like “language”, “content provider” or “decade” allow for a further fine-tuning of the result set. A carousel with browsable title pages of newspapers published “on this day” completes the landing page of the portal. Usability testing has been done for the TEL portal, and the full report6 is available online. Three datasets have been released that compile subsets of the Europeana Newspapers collection targeted at specific audiences ● ENP Ground Truth dataset7 ● ENP Named Entity corpora for French, Dutch, German8 ● Plain text downloads of OCRed text9 Finally, work is undertaken to further develop a Europeana Newspapers API that will allow programmatic access to metadata, images and OCRed text. It is the aim of Europeana to replicate the full feature set of the TEL portal prototype described above for the Europeana Newspapers thematic collection. The release of features and functionalities will happen in phases, starting with a public alpha release with a limited feature set in January 2018 and expanding from there based on user feedback and needs. 4. Business Model Below we have attached the business model canvas of Europeana Newspapers. The thematic collection is central for its activities and scopes, as it is the main channel through which it can reach its target audience and engage its partners. 4 http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/ 5 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers 6 http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/The-European-Library-Newspaper- Archive-Usability-testing-Report-April-2014.pdf 7 http://primaresearch.org/datasets/ENP 8 https://github.com/EuropeanaNewspapers/ner-corpora; due for publication in ELRA http://catalog.elra.info/ 9 http://research.europeana.eu/itemtype/newspapers 5 D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN Business model canvas for Europeana Newspapers; https://canvanizer.com/canvas/rkch03Nv5PazM 4.1 Audiences As seen from a series of interviews in 2014 and 201510, this large and diverse historical newspaper collection has already attracted a broad user base. This includes scholars in the humanities and social sciences, researchers in computer science and language processing as well as teachers in schools and universities, but also important stakeholders such as libraries or other cultural heritage organisations holding historical newspaper collections. The core audiences for Europeana Newspapers can therefore be roughly prioritised into the following groups. ● Research Researchers from the humanities and social sciences are particularly interested in historical newspapers, as they allow them to study public opinion and culture in the past and provide a perspective on the daily life of ordinary people that is often not accounted for by history textbooks. Also researchers from the field of language studies, computational linguists and philologists show great interest in historical newspapers. A corpus of full-text covering four centuries, like Europeana Newspapers, enables them to look into the use and development of language over time. Historical newspapers are also one of the main sources for genealogists or people wanting to perform research into their family history. 10 http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/category/interviews-with-researchers/ 6 D2.4: EUROPEANA NEWSPAPERS COLLECTIONS PLAN Finally, the pattern recognition community is researching novel algorithms for OCR and document analysis. Many of the unsolved challenges in this domain lie in the area of historical documents or the complex layout typically found in newspaper pages. The Europeana Newspapers data and ground-truth11 open up many possibilities for the development and testing of innovative approaches and technologies for the recognition and analysis of historical documents based on a real-world representative dataset.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Paper (PDF)
    Worldwide Readership Research Symposium 2007 Session 2 Paper 9 FREE NEWSPAPER READERSHIP Piet Bakker, Amsterdam School of Communications Research, University of Amsterdam Abstract Twelve years after the introduction of the first free commuter newspaper in Sweden, circulation of free newspapers has risen to 40 million daily copies. Readership of free newspapers is more complex and in many cases harder to pin down. In general it is different from readership of paid newspapers. The first difference concerns the demographics of the readers: free papers target the affluent 18 to 34 group and in many cases try to achieve that by choosing particular ways of distribution, and also by concentrating on specific content. Age, indeed seems to be significantly lower in most cases although the average readers does not seem to be particularly wealthy. The second distinct feature is the amount of unique readers of free newspaper. Results on the few available cases indicate that around half of the readers only read papers although also lower levels have been reported. The third issue concerns readers per copy. The traditional free commuter daily can reach to a rather high number of readers per copy; but with many markets reaching free newspaper saturation this number seems to be dropping, whereas free door-to-door distributed free papers and afternoon papers have a lower readership per copy. In this paper we will present information on these three issues from a dozen markets, using audited readership data. Free Newspaper Readership The World Association of Newspapers (2007) reported on the year 2006 that daily circulation of newspapers increased with 4.61 percent (25 million copies) compared to 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • British Library Annual Report and Accounts 2013/14 British Library
    British Library Annual Report and Accounts 2013/14 British Library Annual Report and Accounts 2013/14 Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 4(3) and 5(3) of the British Library Act 1972 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 16 July 2014 Laid before the Scottish Parliament by the Scottish Ministers 16 July 2014 Laid before the National Assembly for Wales by the [First Secretary] 16 July 2014 Laid before the National Assembly for Northern Ireland 16 July 2014 HC 361 SG/2014/91 © British Library (2014) The text of this document (this excludes, where present, the Royal Arms and all departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as British Library copyright and the document title specified. Where third party material has been identified, permission from the respective copyright holder must be sought. Any enquiries related to this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications Print ISBN 9781474102834 Web ISBN 9781474102841 Printed in the UK by the Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ID SGD004976 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Contents Foreword 4 Trustees’ and Accounting Officer’s Responsibilities 6 Objectives and Activities 10 Key Performance Indicators 21 Statistics 24 Financial Review 28 Sustainability Report 33 Remuneration Report 39 Statement of Trustees’ and Directors’ Responsibilities 45 Governance Statement 46 Risk Management 53 The Certificate and Report of the Comptroller and 59 Auditor General to the Houses of Parliament and the Scottish Parliament Statement of Financial Activities 61 Balance Sheet 63 Cash Flow Statement 65 Notes to the Accounts 66 Foreword As we look back on the past year at the British Library, we are once again in the fortunate position of being able to reflect on a number of important achievements.
    [Show full text]
  • Conditions of Use Preamble
    CONDITIONS OF USE PREAMBLE ................................................................ 4 A GENERAL SECTION ...................................................... 4 § 1 Purpose ................................................................. 4 § 2 Legal relationship between users and library, reader pass ...................... 4 § 3 Fees, charges ............................................................. 5 § 4 Issue of Reader Passes .................................................... 5 § 5 General obligations and liability of users ..................................... 6 § 6 Supervisory rights of the State Library ...................................... 7 § 7 Liability of the State Library ................................................ 7 B USE OUTSIDE THE STATE LIBRARY ..................................... 8 § 8 General borrowing regulations ............................................. 8 § 9 Borrowing and returning ................................................... 8 § 10 Lending period and renewal ............................................... 9 § 11 Reminders, acquiring replacements ........................................ 9 § 12 Reservations and notifications ........................................... 10 With effect from October 1st 2019, the basic fees for the use of the Staatsbibliothek, i.e. the fees for annual and monthly tickets, will C USE INSIDE THE LIBRARY .............................................. 10 be suspended for a period of two years. The passages highlighted in § 13 Using the reading rooms ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Impact of Free Daily Newspapers on the Circulation of Paid
    The impact of free daily newspapers on the circulation of paid newspapers. Paper prepared for the ICA Conference May 24-28, 2007 San Francisco, USA Abstract Paid dailies in Western Europe and Northern America have seen their circulation decline in the last decade. During the same period free daily newspapers have seen their circulation go up to more than 30 million. In this paper the relation between the two developments is studied in 14 European markets. Circulation development before and after the introduction of free papers was compared. Also data from countries without free papers were used to assess whether non-free dallies markets also suffered. Media substitution, however, seems to be modest at least. Other factors may be more important causes for the decline in paid newspaper circulation. Long term effects, however, are not yet clear. Introduction Between 1995 and 2005 European circulation of paid newspapers dropped with 12%. The two largest markets, the UK and Germany saw their combined circulation drop with 15%, in some other markets like Greece, Denmark, Iceland, Hungary and the Czech Republic the decline was even more than that. Also in Canada and the US paid circulation went down in the last decade. At the same time, the total amount of free dailies distributed worldwide, increased from 200,000 in 1995 to 23 million in 2005 while it will be around 35 million at the end of 2006. In Europe the market share of free papers is more than 20%; in three countries: Iceland, Denmark and Spain, the combined circulation of free papers is higher than that of paid ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Collections Intern for the European Library
    Collections Intern for The European Library Are you a qualified or soon-to-be qualified librarian? Would you like to work in an English- speaking international team? Then come and join The European Library team, based in the National Library of the Netherlands in The Hague. We are looking for an intern to join our Collections Team. Your job will be to liaise with national and research libraries across Europe, organising, scheduling and prioritising the ingestion of their collections into The European Library. Profile We are looking for someone who has qualifications in librarianship or a related subject. You must be able to speak and write English to a very high standard. Host Organisation The Koninklijke Bibliotheek (KB), the National Library of the Netherlands, gives everyone access to the knowledge and culture of the past and the present by providing high-quality services for research, study and cultural experience. The collection gives access to the ‘living memory’ of written, printed and electronic publications. The KB also initiates and undertakes innovative research projects in the field of digital technologies, web services and the preservation of written, printed and digital Dutch heritage. The European Library Launched in March 2005, The European Library is a free service that offers a single point of access to the bibliographical and digital collections of the National Libraries of Europe. It is a service of the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL) and is hosted in the Research and Development Department of the National Library of The Netherlands in The Hague. 48 national libraries in Europe have included their collections in The European Library.
    [Show full text]
  • HPB) Database Breaks the 3 Million Records Barrier
    http://www.cerl.org Issue No. 23 July 2011 ISSN 1680-4546 (appears twice a year) Heritage of the Printed Book (HPB) Database breaks the 3 million records barrier With the completion of the update to the SBN(A) records provided An invitation to contribute to by the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico in Rome, which the HPB and the CERL provided over half a million new records, the HPB has finally broken Thesaurus the barrier of 3 million records. The total number now stands at 3,462,212 bibliographical descriptions. Please contact Marian Lefferts or DCG Göttingen to arrange for Another file that was contributed to the HPB is that of the University new additions to the HPB Library of Wroław. This data set of just over 1,500 MARC21 records Database from your institution was processed very rapidly, and complements the records from the or one of its affiliates. Updates Polish Microform project in that the records contain detailed copy- to existing files are also welcome. specific information for the items they describe Preferred formats remain MARC21 and UNIMARC. Hotlinking The display of hotlinks for records connected via the MARC21 subfield $w in the 76x-78x fields in FirstSearch was implemented for most fields on 15 May 2011. These “hotlinks” allow a searcher to move easily to records for related resources such as supplements, “bound withs”, individual volumes of multi- volume works, etc. It is especially fortunate that this new feature was implemented shortly after the load of the SBN(A) file because it makes it much easier for HPB users to explore the hierarchical structure of multivolume works in these Italian records.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Heritage Digitisation, Online Accessibility and Digital Preservation
    1 Cultural heritage Digitisation, online accessibility and digital preservation REPORT on the Implementation of Commission Recommendation 2011/711/EU 2013-2015 Cover image: Albert Edelfelt’s 'The Luxembourg Gardens, Paris', Finnish National Gallery. Source: europeana.eu Back cover image: Raphael's 'Sposalizio della Vergine', Pinacoteca di Brera (Milano). Source: europeana.eu Page | 2 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology Page | 3 Implementation of Commission Recommendation on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation Progress report 2013-2015 Working document June 2016 Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 6 1. DIGITISATION: ORGANISATION AND FUNDING ................................................................................ 10 1.1. Planning and monitoring digitisation ......................................................................................... 10 1.1.1. Schemes, quantitative targets and allocated budgets ........................................................ 11 Page | 4 1.1.2 National and European overviews of digitised cultural material ........................................ 14 1.2 Public - private partnerships ....................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Use of Structural Funds ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Journalistic Work Routines at a Danish Free Newspaper
    Studies in Communication Sciences 17.1 (2017), pp. 81–97 Journalists like the rest of them? A case study of journalistic work routines at a Danish free newspaper Kirsten Sparre, Danish School of Media and Journalism & Department of Media Studies and Journalism, School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Denmark (mail: [email protected]) Abstract Academics have paid little attention to the practice of journalism at free newspapers since the free daily press emerged in 1995. A few studies have looked at the contents of free newspapers but not at the way journalism is practiced at free newspapers and whether these practices are different from journalistic work routines in the paid press. This article addresses that gap with a case study of the Danish free newspaper Metroxpress. After identifying the economic, political and digital forces shaping the contents at Metrox- press, the article maps the newspaper’s news net, analyse efforts put into newsgathering and compare them to the newsgathering efforts of other Danish newsbrands. Findings indicate that while the news net is smaller than those of other Danish newspapers, journalists at Metroxpress have similar work routines to other journalists, and their work is routinely recognised by peers in the form of quotations and nominations for professional awards. Keywords free newspapers, news net analysis, market-driven journalism, metroxpress 1 Introduction rest of the media sphere?” (The Free Daily Press, n.d.) Somewhat surprisingly academics have Currently, academic research offers paid little attention to the quality and little help in answering such questions. practice of journalism at free newspapers So far, most of the research on free news- since the free daily press emerged and papers has been concerned with how the disrupted newspaper markets in the mid- business model of free newspapers has 1990’s.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Gender with Libraries and Archives the Power of Information
    Teaching Gender with Libraries and Archives The Power of Information i5 Libraries 00 book.indb 1 2013.10.04. 9:49 Titles in the Series: 1. Teaching with Memories. European Women’s Histories in International and Interdisciplinary Classrooms 2. Teaching Gender, Diversity and Urban Space. An Intersectional Approach between Gender Studies and Spatial Disciplines 3. Teaching Gender in Social Work 4. Teaching Subjectivity. Travelling Selves for Feminist Pedagogy 5. Teaching with the Third Wave. New Feminists’ Explorations of Teaching and Institutional Contexts 6. Teaching Visual Culture in an Interdisciplinary Classroom. Feminist (Re)Interpretations of the Field 7. Teaching Empires. Gender and Transnational Citizenship in Europe 8. Teaching Intersectionality. Putting Gender at the Centre 9. Teaching “Race” with a Gendered Edge 10. Teaching Gender with Libraries and Archives The Power of Information Title 1 is published by ATHENA2 and Women’s Studies Centre, National University of Ireland, Gal- way; Titles 2–8 are published by ATHENA3 Advanced Thematic Network in Women’s Studies in Europe, University of Utrecht and Centre for Gender Studies, Stockholm University; Title 9-10 are jointly published by ATGENDER, The European Association for Gender Research, Edu- cation and Documentation, Utrecht and Central European University Press, Budapest. i5 Libraries 00 book.indb 2 2013.10.04. 9:49 Edited by Sara de Jong and Sanne Koevoets Teaching Gender with Libraries and Archives The Power of Information Teaching with Gender. European Women’s Studies in International and Interdisciplinary Classrooms A book series by ATGENDER ATGENDER. The European Association for Gender Research, Education and Documentation Utrecht & Central European University Press Budapest–New York i5 Libraries 00 book.indb 3 2013.10.04.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1963 Berlin Philharmonie – a Breakthrough Architectural Vision
    PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI I, 2017 BEATA KORNATOWSKA Poznań THE 1963 BERLIN PHILHARMONIE – A BREAKTHROUGH ARCHITECTURAL VISION „I’m convinced that we need (…) an approach that would lead to an interpretation of the far-reaching changes that are happening right in front of us by the means of expression available to modern architecture.1 Walter Gropius The Berlin Philharmonie building opened in October of 1963 and designed by Hans Scharoun has become one of the symbols of both the city and European musical life. Its character and story are inextricably linked with the history of post-war Berlin. Construction was begun thanks to the determination and un- stinting efforts of a citizens initiative – the Friends of the Berliner Philharmo- nie (Gesellschaft der Freunde der Berliner Philharmonie). The competition for a new home for the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (Berliner Philharmonisches Orchester) was won by Hans Scharoun whose design was brave and innovative, tailored to a young republic and democratic society. The path to turn the design into reality, however, was anything but easy. Several years were taken up with political maneuvering, debate on issues such as the optimal location, financing and the suitability of the design which brought into question the traditions of concert halls including the old Philharmonie which was destroyed during bomb- ing raids in January 1944. A little over a year after the beginning of construction the Berlin Wall appeared next to it. Thus, instead of being in the heart of the city, as had been planned, with easy access for residents of the Eastern sector, the Philharmonie found itself on the outskirts of West Berlin in the close vicinity of a symbol of the division of the city and the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex 1: Overview of Main Campaign Elements
    Annex 1: Overview of main campaign elements 1. ONLINE /S OCIAL MEDIA A. Website The official website of the biodiversity campaign was the cornerstone of the campaign, and carried the central campaign message . The website had to be engaging and user friendly, in order to engage people with biodiversity. All the online communication (including viral) was ultimately directed to this website. It was hosted on the domain of the European Commission website, specifically on the Environment website ( http://ec.europa.eu/environment/index_en.htm ). The campaign URL was composed of the slogan of the campaign together with the European internet domain suffix (.eu): www.weareallinthistogether.eu The official website was the central tool for the overall campaign; therefore it provided a seamless transition to and from the offline campaign , in its look-and-feel, its tone of voice and in its message. This website had all the official documentation available for viewing and download. In order to keep the site relevant and dynamic, the website was updated on a regular basis in all 22 EU languages. For example, following the Nagoya conference on biodiversity, the ‘What does the EU do?’ section was updated with content regarding the results of the gathering. The content included mentions of the EU biodiversity action plan, nature legislation, fisheries and farming, as well as research. Establishing connections with websites of relevance to parents, children and young urban adults , as well as to biodiversity/environment focussed websites was used as a way to generate traffic to the campaign website. By contacting organisations and linking to their biodiversity events web pages, a comprehensive list of events was established.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Significance of Newspapers Worldwide
    Not dead yet – the changing significance of newspapers worldwide Piet Bakker Hogeschool Utrecht University of Amsterdam Paper prepared for the Future of Journalism Conference, Cardiff, September 2011 Abstract Newspapers, particularly in the Western world, have seen paid circulation decline in the last decade. Online news is abundantly available, but at the same time newspapers – in print and online - often serve as sources for other media. Their position is definitely weaker than before, but it would be an exaggeration to write their obituary right now. In this research we track the significance of newspapers in 160 countries worldwide by calculating how many people use daily newspapers and how this changed over the last decade. We compare countries and continents, and distinguish between paid and free newspapers. Results show that newspapers are particularly significant – with more than 50% of the population reading a newspaper on a daily basis - in sixteen countries in Europe (mainly in Nordic and Western Europe) and ten countries in Asia (Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Macau and some Gulf states). Most African, Asian and South American countries show a very low penetration of newspapers. Free dailies, however, have increased the presence of newspapers in Europe and some Asian and American countries. When shifts over the years are analyzed, the decline of newspapers mainly shows in Europe, Northern America, Australia and New Zealand although newspapers are still very well read in those areas. In Asia newspaper penetration has increased over the last decade. Latin America shows a stable penetration with population growing fast. In Africa there are only two copies of newspapers distributed per 100 inhabitants, a number that has not changed over the last decade.
    [Show full text]