DOCSLIB.ORG

DA UA Summary Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DA UA Summary Report SCHEDULED MONUMENTS AT RISK IN THE NORTH EAST REGIONREGION Summary Report for Darlington Unitary Authority Introduction This report provides a brief analysis of the condition of the ten Scheduled Monuments within the Darlington Unitary Authority area. It is intended as a supplement to the regional Scheduled Monuments at Risk report which consists of an overview of an audit of Scheduled Monuments by English Heritage in 2005 – 2006. Key Results RiRiRiskRi sk Regional Definition Figures No perceptible threat to the monument that would affect Low 2 42% its survival in the short to medium term Some chance of the monument being damaged or partly Medium 5 40% destroyed in the short to medium term In imminent threat of wholesale or area destruction High 3 18% Table 1: Risk Assessment In September 2007, the baseline from when the data was retrieved, three monuments were considered to be at high risk, five medium risk and two low risk. This situation has changed slightly in the past 10 months, how and why is outlined below. The three high risk monuments were; • DA40 Sockburn Church (All Saints) • 32720 Small multivallate hillfort and tower mill on Shackleton Beacon Hill • 34848 World War II bombing decoy control shelter 600m south east of Great Burdon Farm The ruin at Sockburn Church has recently been repaired and much of the damaging vegetation growing in the churchyard is being kept under control by local volunteers, therefore there is now less of a threat to the monument. There are hundreds of small trees growing on the hillfort on Beacon Hill which should be cleared before they inflict further damage on the buried archaeological remains and become too expensive to remove owing to their size. The decoy control shelter has recently been inspected by the English Heritage Historic Environment Field Adviser and is now considered to be at medium risk owing to its vulnerable location. It is in the centre of a field that is regularly cultivated and therefore at risk from being clipped during ploughing. In September 2007 the five medium risks sites were: • DA29 Piercebridge Roman fort • DA55 Piercebridge Bridge • DA56 Ketton Bridge • 20873 Medieval moated manorial site of Low Dinsdale at the Manor House • 32059 Anglo-Saxon cross in St John the Baptist’s churchyard 1 The extensive Roman fort complex, which includes some standing remains as well as earthworks, was assessed as being at medium risk because of a number of factors, some of which are being attended to under the main owner’s Environmental Stewardship scheme. The exposed remains in the farmyard need vegetation clearance and repair, and the assessment will be altered to low once this has been carried out. The bridge at Piercebridge is vulnerable to damage by vehicles, whereas the pack horse bridge at Ketton had a large ash tree growing against its parapet. This has recently been felled under a Section 17 management agreement with English Heritage and the stump chemically treated to discourage regeneration. It is too early to determine whether this treatment has been successful. The moated site at Low Dinsdale has not been inspected for 10 years because unfortunately the main landowner will not permit access. The Anglo-Saxon cross was inspected recently and is now considered to be at low risk. The two sites assessed as low risk in September 2007 were DA87 Skerne Bridge and DA139, Consicliffe Road waterworks. Physical AcceAccessibilityssibility North East Full. No restrictions on access, free entry and no impediments (e.g. 4 38% noise) to appreciation of the monument Restricted. Not always open and/or charges for entry and/or 5 31% impediments to appreciation of the monument i.e. remote, difficult terrain, only partly visible from path or adjacent road, traffic noise None 1 23% Table 2 Table 3 North Intellectual Accessibility East Developed interpretative scheme on or close to the site comprising at least two or more of the following elements: 0 2% interpretation boards, leaflets, display, guided tours, audio tours, guidebook, reconstruction Limited interpretative scheme on site with only one element: interpretation boards, 1 6% leaflets, display, guided tours, audio ours, guidebook, reconstruction No interpretation 9 80% 2 The four fully accessible Scheduled Monuments are the Anglo-Saxon cross, and the three bridges. Those partially accessible are Coniscliffe Road waterworks, the bombing decoy (visible from the A66), Sockburn Church, Piercebridge Roman fort and Low Dinsdale (partially visible from the road). Beacon Hill hillfort is not physically accessible. The one site with some interpretative scheme is Piercebridge Roman fort. Table 4 at the end of this document gives the full list of Scheduled Monuments within Darlington Unitary Authority. Recommendations • Include the aim of the reduction of risk levels in your strategic plans and targets • Encourage Local Authorities and others to include the reduction of risk levels in their strategic planning documents • Implement measures to reduce the levels of risk on your Scheduled Monuments • Encourage access to, and interpretation and understanding of, Scheduled Monuments • Encourage the reversion of regularly or periodically ploughed land to permanent grassland through the implementation of environmental stewardship schemes and management agreements • Encourage friend groups to help value and safeguard Scheduled Monuments • Encourage management agreements/grant aid for major repair and consolidation works on upstanding remains 3 Further Information More information about the Scheduled Monuments at Risk database may be obtained from the North East English Heritage office: Bessie Surtees House 41-44 Sandhill Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3JF Switchboard: (0191) 269 1200 The location and extent of Scheduled Ancient Monuments can be identified on the MAGIC (Multi-Agency Government Information for the Countryside) website: www.magic.gov.uk Additional information on the importance and significance of Scheduled Monuments can be found on www.keystothepast.org.uk Various PDFs on the management of archaeological and historical sites are available from www.helm.org.uk and hard copies of these from the Customer Services Department on 0870 333 1181 or email: [email protected] Advice on the management of Scheduled Ancient Monuments is also available from the English Heritage regional office who may put you in touch with an Historic Environment Field Adviser or Inspector of Ancient Monuments Scheduled Monuments are protected under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979). Some changes in management may require approval (Scheduled Monument Consent) from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Application forms and guidance notes are available either from the English Heritage regional office or www.culture.gov.uk To find the scheduled monument consent application form go to ‘what we do’ then ‘historic environment’ click on ‘historic property’ then ‘scheduled ancient monuments’. 4 Table 4 List of Scheduled Monuments, risk level, condition trend and principal threat (as at September 2007) SM nono. Monument name Grid ref. Main threat Trend Risk 29 Piercebridge Roman fort NZ 209 157 Arable ploughing Improving Medium 40 Sockburn Church (All Saints) NZ 349 071 Deterioration & collapse Declining High 55 Piercebridge Bridge NZ211 155 Vehicle damage Stable Medium 56 Ketton Bridge NZ303 193 Tree growth Stable Medium 87 Skerne Bridge NZ291 155 Plant growth Stable Low 139 Coniscliffe Road waterworks NZ258 139 No known threat Improving Low 20873 Medieval moated manorial site of Low NZ3460 1099 Scrub & tree growth Stable Medium Dinsdale at the Manor House 32059 Anglo-Saxon cross in St John the Baptist’s NZ3467 1121 No known threat Stable Medium churchyard 32720 Small multivallate hillfort & tower mill NZ2293 2330 Scrub &tree growth Declining High on Shackleton Beacon Hill 34848 World War II bombing decoy control shelter NZ3248 1609 Arable clipping Stable High 600m south east of Great Burdon Farm 5 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MOD Heritage Report 2011 to 2013
    MOD Heritage Report 2011-2013 Heritage in the Ministry of Defence Cover photograph Barrow Clump, Crown Copyright CONTENTS Introduction 4 Profile of the MOD Historic Estate 5 Case Study: RAF Spadeadam 6 World Heritage Sites 7 Condition of the MOD Historic Estate 8 Scheduled Monuments 8 Listed Buildings 9 Case Study: Sandhurst 10 Heritage at Risk 11 Case Study: Otterburn 12 Estate Development and Rationalisation 13 Disposals 13 Strategy, Policy and Governance 14 Management Plans, Heritage Assessments 14 Historic Crashed Aircraft 15 Case Study: Operation Nightingale 16 Conclusion 17 Annex A: New Listed Building Designations 19 New Scheduled Monument Designations 20 Annex B: Heritage at Risk on the MOD Estate 21 Annex C: Monuments at Risk Progress Report 24 MOD Heritage Report 2011-13 3 Introduction 1. The MOD has the largest historic estate within Government and this report provides commentary on its size, diversity, condition and management. This 5th biennial report covers the financial years 11/12 and 12/13 and fulfils the requirement under the DCMS/ English Heritage (EH) Protocol for the Care of the Government Estate 2009 and Scottish Ministers Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP). It summarises the work and issues arising in the past two years and progress achieved both in the UK and overseas. 2. As recognised in the 2011 English Heritage Biennial Conservation Report, the MOD has fully adopted the Protocol and the requirements outlined in the SHEP. The requirements for both standards have been embedded into MOD business and reflected within its strategies, policies, roles and responsibilities, governance, management systems and plans and finally data systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Archaeologies from the Edge
    Public Archaeologies from the Edge Pauline Clarke, Kieran Gleave and Howard Williams The chapter serves to introduce the first-ever book dedicated to public archaeologies of frontiers and borderlands. We identify the hitherto neglect of this critical field which seeks to explore the heritage, public engagements, popular cultures and politics of frontiers and borderlands past and present. We review the 2019 conference organised by Uiversity of Chester Archaeology students at the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, which inspired this book, and then survey the structure and contents of the collection. We advocate that public archaeologies should seek to incorporate and foreground perspectives ‘from the edge’. By this we mean public archaeology should make frontiers and borderlands – including the people living with them and seeking to traverse them – paramount to future work. From IndyRef and Brexit, to the Refugee Crisis and Trump’s Wall, frontiers dominate our news. In exploring both past and contemporary frontiers and borderlands, archaeological research can provide innovative perspectives and insights, revealing their creation, use, translation, removal, subversion, circumvention and reinvention. Sustained archaeological investigations can identify how frontier monuments and landscapes are not merely lines on a map, but zones that might possess topographic, economic, social, political, religious and ideological dimensions and may acquire biographies and significances contrasting from those intended and long after their creation (e.g. Hingley 2012). Borderlands, meanwhile, need not relate to clearly defined zones either side of a coherent ‘border’, but creative and fluid ‘third spaces’ distinct from core territories of polities; they can be networks where communities and social relations are transformed and re-fashioned (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Iron Age Hill Forts, Roman Settlements and Metallurgy on the Atlantic Fringe
    The Relationship between Iron Age Hill Forts, Roman Settlements and Metallurgy on the Atlantic Fringe Keith Haylock BSc Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Supervisors Professor John Grattan, Professor Henry Lamb and Dr Toby Driver Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Aberystwyth University 2015 0 Abstract This thesis presents geochemical records of metalliferous enrichment of soils and isotope analysis of metal finds at Iron Age and Romano-British period settlements in North Ceredigion, Mid Wales, UK. The research sets out to explore whether North Ceredigion’s Iron Age sites had similar metal-production functions to other sites along the Atlantic fringe. Six sites were surveyed using portable x-ray fluorescence (pXRF), a previously unused method in the archaeology of Mid Wales. Also tested was the pXRF (Niton XLt700 pXRF) with regard to how environmentally driven matrix effects may alter its in situ analyses results. Portable x-ray fluorescence was further used to analyse testing a range of certified reference materials (CRM) and site samples to assess target elements (Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe) for comparative accuracy and precision against Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for both in situ and laboratory sampling. At Castell Grogwynion, one of the Iron Age sites surveyed recorded > 20 times Pb enrichment compared to back ground values of 110 ppm. Further geophysical surveys confirmed that high dipolar signals correlated to the pXRF Pb hotspots were similar to other known Iron Age and Roman period smelting sites, but the subsequent excavation only unearthed broken pottery and other waste midden development.
    [Show full text]
  • HIDDEN VOICES Time, Not All Stories Are Preserved
    Every place has a story to tell but, with the passing of Dr Penny Johnston is a graduate of University VOICES HIDDEN time, not all stories are preserved. The archaeological College Cork and the University of Sheffield. discoveries presented in this book afford a rare chance Her research interests include a broad range of to hear from people whose voices would be lost were it topics in cultural heritage, from oral history to not for the opportunities for discovery presented by the environmental archaeology. She worked on the construction of the M8 Fermoy–Mitchelstown motorway M8 Fermoy–Mitchelstown motorway project HIDDEN in north County Cork. while a post-excavation manager at Eachtra Archaeological Projects. Hidden Voices documents a major programme of archaeological investigations at 24 sites on the route of the Jacinta Kiely is a graduate of University College motorway, which traverses broad plains of rich pastureland Cork. She is a founder member of Eachtra VOICES and the western foothills of the Kilworth Mountains. Archaeological Projects and has worked on a A diverse range of archaeological sites was discovered, number of national road schemes including the representing the day-to-day life, work and beliefs of the M8 Fermoy–Mitchelstown motorway. communities who occupied this landscape over the last 10,000 years. Readers will learn of Mesolithic nomads fishing the and Jacinta Johnston Penny Kiely River Funshion and of Neolithic farmsteads excavated at Gortore, Caherdrinny and Ballinglanna North. Bronze Age houses were found at Ballynamona, Gortnahown and Kilshanny, and a rare Iron Age example at Caherdrinny. Life in prehistory was precarious.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Oswestry Hillfort and Its Landscape: Ancient Past, Uncertain Future
    Old Oswestry Hillfort and its Landscape: Ancient Past, Uncertain Future edited by Tim Malim and George Nash Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-611-0 ISBN 978-1-78969-612-7 (e-Pdf) © the individual authors and Archaeopress 2020 Cover: Painting of Old Oswestry Hillfort by Allanah Piesse Back cover: Old Oswestry from the air, photograph by Alastair Reid Please note that all uncredited images and photographs within each chapter have been produced by the individual authors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Contributors ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ii Preface: Old Oswestry – 80 years on �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������v Tim Malim and George Nash Part 1 Setting the scene Chapter 1 The prehistoric Marches – warfare or continuity? �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 David J. Matthews Chapter 2 Everybody needs good neighbours: Old Oswestry hillfort in context ���������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • Asturias (Northern Spain) As Case Study
    Celts, Collective Identity and Archaeological Responsibility: Asturias (Northern Spain) as case study David González Álvarez, Carlos Marín Suárez Abstract Celtism was introduced in Asturias (Northern Spain) as a source of identity in the 19th century by the bourgeois and intellectual elite which developed the Asturianism and a regionalist political agenda. The archaeological Celts did not appear until Franco dictatorship, when they were linked to the Iron Age hillforts. Since the beginning of Spanish democracy, in 1978, most of the archaeologists who have been working on Asturian Iron Age have omit- ted ethnic studies. Today, almost nobody speaks about Celts in Academia. But, in the last years the Celtism has widespread on Asturian society. Celts are a very important political reference point in the new frame of Autonomous regions in Spain. In this context, archaeologists must to assume our responsibility in order of clarifying the uses and abuses of Celtism as a historiographical myth. We have to transmit the deconstruction of Celtism to society and we should be able to present alternatives to these archaeological old discourses in which Celtism entail the assumption of an ethnocentric, hierarchical and androcentric view of the past. Zusammenfassung Der Keltizismus wurde in Asturien (Nordspanien) als identitätsstiftende Ressource im 19. Jahrhundert durch bürgerliche und intellektuelle Eliten entwickelt, die Asturianismus und regionalistische politische Ziele propagierte. Die archäologischen Kelten erschienen allerdings erst während der Franco-Diktatur, während der sie mit den eisen- zeitlichen befestigten Höhensiedlungen verknüpft wurden. Seit der Einführung der Demokratie in Spanien im Jahr 1978 haben die meisten Archäologen, die über die asturische Eisenzeit arbeiten, ethnische Studien vernachlässigt.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitrified Hillforts As Anthropogenic Analogues for Nuclear Waste Glasses - Project Planning and Initiation
    Vitrified hillforts as anthropogenic analogues for nuclear waste glasses - project planning and initiation. R. Sjöblom1, J. Weaver2,3, D. Peeler3, J. McCloy3,4, A. A. Kruger5, E. Ogenhall6 and E. Hjärthner-Holdar6. 1Waste Science & Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden / Tekedo AB, Nyköping, Sweden. 2Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. 3Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA. 4School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. 5Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, Richland, WA, USA. 6The Archaeologists, Geoarchaeological Laboratory, National Historical Museums (SHMM), Uppsala, Sweden. Abstract Nuclear waste must be deposited in such a manner that it does not cause significant impact on the environment or human health. In some cases, the integrity of the repositories will need to sustain for tens to hundreds of thousands of years. In order to ensure such containment, nuclear waste is frequently converted into a very durable glass. It is fundamentally difficult, however, to assure the validity of such containment based on short-term tests alone. To date, some anthropogenic and natural volcanic glasses have been investigated for this purpose. However, glasses produced by ancient cultures for the purpose of joining rocks in stonewalls have not yet been utilized in spite of the fact that they might offer significant insight into the long-term durability of glasses in natural environments. Therefore, a project is being initiated with the scope of obtaining samples and characterizing their environment, as well as to investigate them using a suite of advanced materials characterization techniques. It will be analysed how the hillfort glasses may have been prepared, and to what extent they have altered under in-situ conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent
    Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent Papers from the Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference, June 2017 edited by Gary Lock and Ian Ralston Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-226-6 ISBN 978-1-78969-227-3 (e-Pdf) © Authors and Archaeopress 2019 Cover images: A selection of British and Irish hillforts. Four-digit numbers refer to their online Atlas designations (Lock and Ralston 2017), where further information is available. Front, from top: White Caterthun, Angus [SC 3087]; Titterstone Clee, Shropshire [EN 0091]; Garn Fawr, Pembrokeshire [WA 1988]; Brusselstown Ring, Co Wicklow [IR 0718]; Back, from top: Dun Nosebridge, Islay, Argyll [SC 2153]; Badbury Rings, Dorset [EN 3580]; Caer Drewyn Denbighshire [WA 1179]; Caherconree, Co Kerry [IR 0664]. Bottom front and back: Cronk Sumark [IOM 3220]. Credits: 1179 courtesy Ian Brown; 0664 courtesy James O’Driscoll; remainder Ian Ralston. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Severn, Gloucester This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents List of Figures ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ii
    [Show full text]
  • Second World War and Later – Ceredigion Camps and Ranges Interim Report 2014-15
    Second World War and later Camps and Ranges Interim Report 2015-16: Ceredigion Desk-Based Assessment Aberaeron hutted camp (PRN 102533) RAF 106G/UK 1631 8 July 46 2024 Prepared by Dyfed Archaeological Trust For Cadw DYFED ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST DAT Event Record No. 108536 Report No. 2015/16 Cadw Project No. DAT 115A Mawrth 2016 March 2016 Second World War and later Camps and Ranges Ceredigion Desk-Based Assessment Gan / By Alice Pyper and Marion Page The copyright of this report is held by Cadw and Dyfed Archaeological Trust Ltd. The maps are based on Ordnance Survey mapping provided by the National Assembly for Wales with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. License No.: 100017916 (2014). Historic mapping reproduced here is covered under Crown Copyright and Landmark Information Group. All rights reserved. Dyfed Archaeological Trust Ltd. On behalf of Welsh Government 2014. Scheduled Ancient Monument polygon data in this report is based on Cadw’s Historic Assets Data. Crown Copyright. Cadw. Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited Neuadd y Sir, Stryd Caerfyrddin, Llandeilo, Sir The Shire Hall, Carmarthen Street, Llandeilo, Gaerfyrddin SA19 6AF Carmarthenshire SA19 6AF Ffon: Ymholiadau Cyffredinol 01558 823121 Tel: General Enquiries 01558 823121 Ebost: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Gwefan: www.archaeolegdyfed.org.uk Website: www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk The Trust is both a Limited Company (No. 1198990) and a Registered Charity (No. 504616) CADEIRYDD CHAIRMAN: Prof. B C BURNHAM CYFARWYDDWR DIRECTOR: K MURPHY BA MIFA Twentieth Century Military Sites: Second World War and later Camps and Ranges TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Late Iron Age Oppida
    Late Iron Age Oppida A review of recent and current research into Late Iron Age British towns and their landscapes A conference in which we will review the current understanding of British Late Iron Age oppida. I 22nd April 2017 I Iron Age Oppida Conference A review of recent and current research Programme 9-9.30am Arrival and Registration, Tea / Coffee, Henley Business School 9.30am Introduction Michael Fulford, University of Reading Session 1: Chaired by Richard Bradley 9.45am The rise and fall of a capital? Research and excavations on the Late Iron Age ‘oppidum’ at Bagendon, Gloucestershire Tom Moore, Durham University 10.25am The Late Iron Age royal site at Stanwick, North Yorkshire, in its wider context Colin Haselgrove, Leicester University 11.05 - 11.35am Tea / Coffee 11.35am The evolution and landscape of a Late Iron Age oppidum: The Silchester Environs Project Catherine Barnett, University of Reading 12.05pm A tale of two oppida – The Late Iron Age and Early Roman landscape around Arundel, West Sussex David McOmish, Historic England, Gordon Hayden, Worthing Archaeological Society 12.45-1.45pm Lunch Session 2: Chaired by Colin Haselgrove 1.45pm The Catuvellauni and the Trinovantes at Camulodunum or not, and more.... Philip Crummy Colchester Archaeological Trust 2.25pm Roles, definitions and the impact of new culture and technology: recent research on oppida in Hertfordshire Stewart Bryant, CIfA 3.05pm Ham Hill. On the edge of worlds: Developed hillforts and oppida on the Somerset Levels Niall Sharples, Cardiff University & Marcus
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting the Atlantic Hillforts in Nw Spain Outside Academia: Local Rural Folklore Versus New Age Pan-European Discourses
    INTERPRETING THE ATLANTIC HILLFORTS IN NW SPAIN OUTSIDE ACADEMIA: LOCAL RURAL FOLKLORE VERSUS NEW AGE PAN-EUROPEAN DISCOURSES DAVID GONZÁLEZ ÁLVAREZ Introduction In this paper, I reflect on the uses and the re-appropriations of local folklore related to hillforts in the rural landscapes of the North-Western Iberian Peninsula in the context of Postmodernity. Hillforts (castros in the Asturian and Galician languages) are monumentalized villages from the Iron Age, which have many common traits with other pre-Roman fortified settlements found all over Western Europe (Thurston 2009; Wells 2002). These archaeological sites are particularly abundant in North-Western Spanish regions such as Galicia, Asturias, and León (Fig. 1). Hillforts constitute the main structuring factor of the settlement patterns throughout the first millennium BC in this area (González Ruibal 2008; Parcero Oubiña, Cobas Fernández 2004; Villa Valdés 2007), while no other types of settlement—such as farmsteads or open sites—have been recognized for this period. Most of them were abandoned after the Roman conquest, following which only a few hillforts remained occupied as central places for the political and administrative articulation of Roman landscapes (Marín Suárez, González Álvarez 2011). Since the castros were related to the more ancient communities we can name in this region – astures, galaicos, cántabros, etc. – these sites have a very special place in the historical regional narratives in NW Spain (Ayán Vila 2012; Marín Suárez 2005; Ruiz Zapatero 2006), in the same way we can observe elsewhere in Western Europe (Collis 2003; Moore 2011). David González Álvarez 55 Fig. 1. Os Castros hillfort in Samartín del Valledor (Ayande, Asturias).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland Hillfort Survey – Notes For
    The Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland Hillfort survey – notes for guidance The collection of surveys for the Atlas is now finished but you can use this form and the accompanying Notes for Guidance for your own surveys. Please do not send your results to the Atlas. If you want to compare your results to those in the Atlas go to https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk These notes provide more information about how to fill in the Hillfort Survey form. This original Atlas survey has three aims: 1. To gather information for the Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland project. The results will be made widely available. 2. To enable people to learn more about hillforts in a structured informed way, to encourage an understanding of the characteristics and details of hillforts and how they differ. 3. To record any damage/erosion occurring to hillforts (record at question 5.1). Important: What is a hillfort? This is difficult to answer precisely although there are three criteria which come together to make a site a ‘hillfort’ – the scale of the enclosing works (ramparts/banks/walls and ditches, and entrances); the topographical position, not always on the top of a hill but often ‘prominent’ in the local landscape in some way; the enclosed area, very variable from region to region and also within regions. Hillforts are ‘enclosed sites’ but the problem is that there is a continuum of enclosures from small ditched farmsteads to massive monumental hillforts. On the Atlas website (https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk) there is guidance on how to access a range of information about hillforts.
    [Show full text]