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A Building Stone and Slate Survey of the Callander Conservation Area

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A Building Stone and Slate Survey of the Callander Conservation Area BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS & WASTE PROGRAMME OPEN REPORT OR/11/011 A building stone and slate survey of the Callander Conservation Area: recording, matching and sourcing for the built heritage The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty‘s Stationery Office. Emily A Tracey, Luis J Albornoz-Parra, Paul A Everett Licence No: 100017897/2010. and Martin R Gillespie Keywords Building stone, slate, survey, Callander, Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park. Front cover Main image: looking towards Bridge Street, Callander. Bibliographical reference TRACEY, EA, ALBORNOZ- PARRA, LJ, EVERETT, PA AND GILLESPIE, MR 2011. A building stone and slate survey of the Callander Conservation Area: recording, matching and sourcing for the built heritage. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/11/011. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey‘s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this report use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2011. All rights reserved Edinburgh British Geological Survey 2011 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS British Geological Survey offices shops at Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or BGS Central Enquiries Desk shop online at www.geologyshop.com Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference email [email protected] collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham publications; this catalogue is available online or from any NG12 5GG of the BGS shops. Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 email [email protected] The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well 3LA as basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 of technical aid in geology in developing countries. email [email protected] The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com OR/11/011; Version 1.0 Foreword The survey of stone buildings in the Callander Conservation Area described in this report was carried out by the British Geological Survey (BGS) on behalf of Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park Authority (LLTNPA). The work was facilitated by a partnership arrangement between LLTNPA, BGS and the Scottish Stone Liaison Group (SSLG), as part of the Callander Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS; funded by Historic Scotland). This report is one of a series of building stone and slate assessments supported by SSLG. i OR/11/011; Version 1.0 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Colin Tennant (SSLG), Dr Ewan K. Hyslop (Historic Scotland), Ken Lawrie (BGS), Alice Custance-Baker, John Hair (Planning Manager for Cowal & Trossachs Forest District), LLTNPA rangers, Callander and District Heritage Society, and the residents of Callander. ii OR/11/011; Version 1.0 Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... ii Summary ................................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2 The geographical, geological and historical context ......................................................... 2 2.1 Location ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Geological setting ....................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Historical development of Callander ........................................................................... 6 3 Scope, methodology and limitations of the survey............................................................ 9 3.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 9 3.3 Limitations of the dataset .......................................................................................... 10 4 Building stone and roofing slate in the Callander Conservation Area .......................... 11 4.1 Building stone .......................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Roofing slate ............................................................................................................ 13 5 Masonry and roofing styles in the Callander Conservation Area.................................. 24 5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 24 5.2 Masonry styles ......................................................................................................... 24 5.3 Evolution of roofing style ......................................................................................... 29 6 Past and future supply of locally sourced stone and slate .............................................. 39 6.1 Local bedrock geology ............................................................................................. 39 6.2 Building stone quarries in the Callander area ............................................................ 41 6.3 Other locally sourced stone ....................................................................................... 42 6.4 Future supply of locally sourced stone ...................................................................... 43 7 Sources of currently available matching stone and slate................................................ 45 7.1 Stone matching ......................................................................................................... 45 7.2 Slate matching .......................................................................................................... 46 8 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 49 8.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................ 49 8.2 Callander building stone and roofing slate ................................................................ 49 8.3 Evolution of natural stone and slate use in Callander ................................................ 50 8.4 Past and future sources of building stone and slate .................................................... 50 9 References ........................................................................................................................ 52 Appendix 1 Data fields and dictionaries for the GIS deliverable ......................................... 53 Appendix 2 Guidance for the conservation of stone and slate in Callander buildings ........ 59 Appendix 3 A facade condition survey of the Desirables building, Callander ..................... 64 iii OR/11/011; Version 1.0 FIGURES Figure 1 Shaded topographic map of Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park. ............... 2 Figure 2 Map of the town of Callander and outline of the CCA. .................................................. 3 Figure 3 Map of simplified bedrock geology in the Callander district. ......................................... 5 Figure 4 1866 Ordnance Survey map (top) and 1901 Ordnance Survey map (bottom), demonstrating pre and post rail development in Callander..................................................... 8 Figure 5 Typical examples of the stone types described in Table 1 ............................................ 17 Figure 6 The distribution of stone types used in WALLING in the Callander Conservation Area. ..........................................................................................................................................
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