CS 6156 Program Instrumentation with Aspectj
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A Brief Introduction to Aspect-Oriented Programming
R R R A Brief Introduction to Aspect-Oriented Programming" R R Historical View Of Languages" R •# Procedural language" •# Functional language" •# Object-Oriented language" 1 R R Acknowledgements" R •# Zhenxiao Yang" •# Gregor Kiczales" •# Eclipse website for AspectJ (www.eclipse.org/aspectj) " R R Procedural Language" R •# Also termed imperative language" •# Describe" –#An explicit sequence of steps to follow to produce a result" •# Examples: Basic, Pascal, C, Fortran" 2 R R Functional Language" R •# Describe everything as a function (e.g., data, operations)" •# (+ 3 4); (add (prod 4 5) 3)" •# Examples" –# LISP, Scheme, ML, Haskell" R R Logical Language" R •# Also termed declarative language" •# Establish causal relationships between terms" –#Conclusion :- Conditions" –#Read as: If Conditions then Conclusion" •# Examples: Prolog, Parlog" 3 R R Object-Oriented Programming" R •# Describe " –#A set of user-defined objects " –#And communications among them to produce a (user-defined) result" •# Basic features" –#Encapsulation" –#Inheritance" –#Polymorphism " R R OOP (cont$d)" R •# Example languages" –#First OOP language: SIMULA-67 (1970)" –#Smalltalk, C++, Java" –#Many other:" •# Ada, Object Pascal, Objective C, DRAGOON, BETA, Emerald, POOL, Eiffel, Self, Oblog, ESP, POLKA, Loops, Perl, VB" •# Are OOP languages procedural? " 4 R R We Need More" R •# Major advantage of OOP" –# Modular structure" •# Potential problems with OOP" –# Issues distributed in different modules result in tangled code." –# Example: error logging, failure handling, performance -
The Machine That Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family
Khomtchouk et al. OPINION NOTE The Machine that Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family Languages Facilitate Building Complex and Flexible Bioinformatic Models Bohdan B. Khomtchouk1*, Edmund Weitz2 and Claes Wahlestedt1 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of We address the need for expanding the presence of the Lisp family of Psychiatry and Behavioral programming languages in bioinformatics and computational biology research. Sciences, University of Miami Languages of this family, like Common Lisp, Scheme, or Clojure, facilitate the Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th ST, Miami, FL, USA creation of powerful and flexible software models that are required for complex 33136 and rapidly evolving domains like biology. We will point out several important key Full list of author information is features that distinguish languages of the Lisp family from other programming available at the end of the article languages and we will explain how these features can aid researchers in becoming more productive and creating better code. We will also show how these features make these languages ideal tools for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We will specifically stress the advantages of domain-specific languages (DSL): languages which are specialized to a particular area and thus not only facilitate easier research problem formulation, but also aid in the establishment of standards and best programming practices as applied to the specific research field at hand. DSLs are particularly easy to build in Common Lisp, the most comprehensive Lisp dialect, which is commonly referred to as the “programmable programming language.” We are convinced that Lisp grants programmers unprecedented power to build increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that may ultimately transform machine learning and AI research in bioinformatics and computational biology. -
Continuation Join Points
Continuation Join Points Yusuke Endoh, Hidehiko Masuhara, Akinori Yonezawa (University of Tokyo) 1 Background: Aspects are reusable in AspectJ (1) Example: A generic logging aspect can log user inputs in a CUI program by defining a pointcut Login Generic Logging id = readLine(); Aspect Main CUI Aspect cmd = readLine(); pointcut input(): call(readLine()) logging return value 2 Background: Aspects are reusable in AspectJ (2) Example: A generic logging aspect can also log environment variable by also defining a pointcut Q. Now, if we want to log environment variable (getEnv) …? Generic Logging Aspect A. Merely concretize an aspect additionally Env Aspect CUI Aspect pointcut input(): pointcut input(): Aspect reusability call(getEnv()) call(readLine()) 3 Problem: Aspects are not as reusable as expected Example: A generic logging aspect can NOT log inputs in a GUI program by defining a pointcut Login Generic Logging void onSubmit(id) Aspect { … } Main void onSubmit(cmd) GUI Aspect { … } pointcut Input(): call(onSubmit(Str)) logging arguments 4 Why can’t we reuse the aspect? Timing of advice execution depends on both advice modifiers and pointcuts Logging Aspect (inner) Generic Logging abstract pointcut: input(); Aspect after() returning(String s) : input() { Log.add(s); } unable to change to before 5 Workaround in AspectJ is awkward: overview Required changes for more reusable aspect: generic aspect (e.g., logging) two abstract pointcuts, two advice decls. and an auxiliary method concrete aspects two concrete pointcuts even if they are not needed 6 Workaround in AspectJ is awkward: how to define generic aspect Simple Logging Aspect 1. define two pointcuts abstract pointcut: inputAfter(); for before and after abstract pointcut: inputBefore(); after() returning(String s) : inputAfter() { log(s); } 2. -
Towards an Expressive and Scalable Framework for Expressing Join Point Models
Towards an Expressive and Scalable Framework for expressing Join Point Models Pascal Durr, Lodewijk Bergmans, Gurcan Gulesir, Istvan Nagy University of Twente {durr,bergmans,ggulesir,nagyist}@ewi.utwente.nl ABSTRACT a more fine-grained join point model is required. Moreover, Join point models are one of the key features in aspect- these models are mostly rooted in control flow and call graph oriented programming languages and tools. They provide information, but sometimes a pointcut expression based on software engineers means to pinpoint the exact locations in data flow or data dependence is more suitable. programs (join points) to weave in advices. Our experi- ence in modularizing concerns in a large embedded system This paper proposes an expressive and scalable fine-grained showed that existing join point models and their underlying framework to define join point models that incorporate both program representations are not expressive enough. This data and control flow analysis. One can subsequently specify prevents the selection of some join points of our interest. In a pointcut language which implements (part of) this join this paper, we motivate the need for more fine-grained join point model. Allowing different implementation strategies point models within more expressive source code represen- and language independence is the strength of this model. tations. We propose a new program representation called a program graph, over which more fine-grained join point The paper is structured as follows: First, we will motivate models can be defined. In addition, we present a simple lan- this research with two example concerns we encountered in guage to manipulate program graphs to perform source code our IDEALS[6] project with ASML[2]. -
Flowr: Aspect Oriented Programming for Information Flow Control in Ruby
FlowR: Aspect Oriented Programming for Information Flow Control in Ruby Thomas F. J.-M. Pasquier Jean Bacon Brian Shand University of Cambridge Public Health England fthomas.pasquier, [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Track, a taint-tracking system for Ruby, developed by the SafeWeb This paper reports on our experience with providing Information project [17]. Flow Control (IFC) as a library. Our aim was to support the use However, we came to realise certain limitations of the mech- of an unmodified Platform as a Service (PaaS) cloud infrastructure anisms we had deployed. For example, to enforce the required by IFC-aware web applications. We discuss how Aspect Oriented IFC policy, we manually inserted IFC checks at selected applica- Programming (AOP) overcomes the limitations of RubyTrack, our tion component boundaries. In practice, objects and classes are the first approach. Although use of AOP has been mentioned as a natural representation of application components within an object possibility in past IFC literature we believe this paper to be the oriented language and it seems natural to relate security concerns first illustration of how such an implementation can be attempted. with those objects. We should therefore associate the primitives and We discuss how we built FlowR (Information Flow Control for mechanisms to enforce IFC with selected objects. Furthermore, we Ruby), a library extending Ruby to provide IFC primitives using wish to be able to assign boundary checks on any class or object AOP via the Aquarium open source library. Previous attempts at without further development overhead. We also wish to be able providing IFC as a language extension required either modification to exploit the inheritance property to define rules that apply to of an interpreter or significant code rewriting. -
“An Introduction to Aspect Oriented Programming in E”
“An Introduction to Aspect Oriented Programming in e” David Robinson [email protected] Rel_1.0: 21-JUNE-2006 Copyright © David Robinson 2006, all rights reserved 1 This white paper is based on the forthcoming book “What's so wrong with patching anyway? A pragmatic guide to using aspects and e”. Please contact [email protected] for more information. Rel_1.0: 21-JUNE-2006 2 Copyright © David Robinson 2006, all rights reserved Preface ______________________________________ 4 About Verilab__________________________________ 7 1 Introduction _______________________________ 8 2 What are aspects - part I? _____________________ 10 3 Why do I need aspects? What’s wrong with cross cutting concerns? ___________________________________ 16 4 Surely OOP doesn’t have any problems? ___________ 19 5 Why does AOP help?_________________________ 28 6 Theory vs. real life - what else is AOP good for? ______ 34 7 What are aspects - part II?_____________________ 40 Bibliography _________________________________ 45 Index ______________________________________ 48 Rel_1.0: 21-JUNE-2006 Copyright © David Robinson 2006, all rights reserved 3 Preface “But when our hypothetical Blub programmer looks in the other direction, up the power continuum, he doesn't realize he's looking up. What he sees are merely weird languages. He probably considers them about equivalent in power to Blub, but with all this other hairy stuff thrown in as well. Blub is good enough for him, because he thinks in Blub” Paul Graham 1 This paper is taken from a forthcoming book about Aspect Oriented Programming. Not just the academic stuff that you’ll read about elsewhere, although that’s useful, but the more pragmatic side of it as well. -
Understanding AOP Through the Study of Interpreters
Understanding AOP through the Study of Interpreters Robert E. Filman Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2 Moffett Field, CA 94035 rfi[email protected] ABSTRACT mapping is of interest (e.g., variables vs. functions). The I return to the question of what distinguishes AOP lan- pseudo-code includes only enough detail to convey the ideas guages by considering how the interpreters of AOP lan- I’m trying to express. guages differ from conventional interpreters. Key elements for static transformation are seen to be redefinition of the Of course, a real implementation would need implementa- set and lookup operators in the interpretation of the lan- tions of the helper functions. In general, the helper functions guage. This analysis also yields a definition of crosscutting on environments—lookup, set, and extend—can be manip- in terms of interlacing of interpreter actions. ulated to create a large variety of different language fea- tures. The most straightforward implementation makes an environment a set of symbol–value pairs (a map from sym- 1. INTRODUCTION bols to values) joined to a pointer to a parent environment. I return to the question of what distinguishes AOP lan- Lookup finds the pair of the appropriate symbol, (perhaps guages from others [12, 14]. chaining through the parent environments in its search), re- turning its value; set finds the pair and changes its value A good way of understanding a programming language is by field; and extend builds a new map with some initial val- studying its interpreter [17]. This motif has been recently ues whose parent is the environment being extended. -
Open Modules: Modular Reasoning About Advice
Open Modules: Modular Reasoning about Advice Jonathan Aldrich December 2004 CMU-ISRI-04-141 Institute for Software Research International School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 This technical report is an expanded version of a paper submitted for publication. It supercedes Carnegie Mellon University Technical Report CMU-ISRI-04-108, published in March 2004 and revised in July 2004. This work was supported in part by the High Dependability Computing Program from NASA Ames cooperative agreement NCC-2-1298, NSF grant CCR-0204047, and the Army Research Office grant number DAAD19-02-1-0389 entitled ”Perpetually Available and Secure Information Systems.” Abstract Advice is a mechanism used by advanced object-oriented and aspect-oriented programming languages to augment the behavior of methods in a program. Advice can help to make programs more modular by separating crosscutting concerns more effectively, but it also challenges existing ideas about modu- larity and separate development. We study this challenge using a new, simple formal model for advice as it appears in languages like AspectJ. We then add a module system designed to leave program functionality as open to extension through advice as possi- ble, while still enabling separate reasoning about the code within a module. Our system, Open Modules, can either be used directly to facilitate separate, component-based development, or can be viewed as a model of the features that certain AOP IDEs provide. We define a formal system for reasoning about the observational equivalence of programs under advice, which can be used to show that clients are unaffected by semantics-preserving changes to a module’s implementation. -
Aspectj Intertype Declaration Example
Aspectj Intertype Declaration Example Untangible and suspensive Hagen hobbling her dischargers enforced equally or mithridatise satisfactorily, is Tiebold microcosmical? Yule excorticated ill-advisedly if Euro-American Lazare patronised or dislocate. Creakiest Jean-Christophe sometimes diapers his clipper bluely and revitalized so voicelessly! Here is important to form composite pattern determines what i ended up a crosscutting actions taken into account aspectj intertype declaration example. This structure aspectj intertype declaration example also hold between core library dependencies and clean as well as long. Spring boot and data, specific explanation of oop, it is discussed in aop implementation can make it for more modular. This works by aspectj intertype declaration example declarative aspect! So one in joinpoints where singleton, which is performed aspectj intertype declaration example they were taken. You only the switch aspectj intertype declaration example. That is expressed but still confused, and class methods and straightforward to modular reasoning, although support method is necessary to work being a pointcut designators match join us. Based injection as shown in this, and ui layer and advice, after and after a good to subscribe to a variety of an api. What i do not identical will only this requires an example projects. Which aop aspectj intertype declaration example that stripe represents the join point executes unless an exception has finished, as a teacher from is pretty printer. Additional options aspectj intertype declaration example for full details about it will be maintained. The requirements with references to aspectj intertype declaration example is essential way that? Exactly bud the code runs depends on the kind to advice. -
Aspect-Oriented Programmingprogramming Wes Weimer
Aspect-OrientedAspect-Oriented ProgrammingProgramming Wes Weimer (slides adapted from Dave Matuszek, UPenn) Programming paradigms Procedural (or imperative) programming Executing a set of commands in a given sequence Fortran, C, Cobol Functional programming Evaluating a function defined in terms of other functions Scheme, Lisp, ML, OCaml Logic programming Proving a theorem by finding values for the free variables Prolog Object-oriented programming (OOP) Organizing a set of objects, each with its own set of responsibilities Smalltalk, Java, Ruby, C++ (to some extent) Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) = aka Aspect-Oriented Software Design (AOSD) Executing code whenever a program shows certain behaviors AspectJ (a Java extension), Aspect#, AspectC++, … Does not replace O-O programming, but rather complements it 2 Why Learn Aspect-Oriented Design? Pragmatics – Google stats (Apr '09): “guitar hero” 36.8 million “object-oriented” 11.2 million “cobol” 6.6 million “design patterns” 3.0 million “extreme programming” 1.0 million “functional programming” 0.8 million “aspect-oriented” or “AOSD” 0.3 million But it’s growing Just like OOP was years ago Especially in the Java / Eclipse / JBoss world 3 Motivation By Allegory Imagine that you’re the ruler of a fantasy monarchy 4 Motivation By Allegory (2) You announce Wedding 1.0, but must increase security 5 Motivation By Allegory (3) You must make changes everywhere: close the secret door 6 Motivation By Allegory (4) … form a brute squad … 7 Motivation By Allegory (5) -
Aspect-Oriented Extensions to HEP Frameworks ¡ P
Aspect-Oriented Extensions to HEP Frameworks ¡ P. Calafiura , C. E. Tull , LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Abstract choose to use AspectC++[2], an aspect oriented extension to c++, modeled on the popular aspectJ language[3]. The In this paper we will discuss how Aspect-Oriented Pro- AspectC++ compiler, ac++, weaves aspect code into the gramming (AOP) can be used to implement and extend original c++ sources, and emits standard c++ with a struc- the functionality of HEP architectures in areas such as per- ture suitable for component-based software development. formance monitoring, constraint checking, debugging and ac++ is an open-source, actively developed and supported memory management. AOP is the latest evolution in the project which is near to its first production release1. line of technology for functional decomposition which in- cludes Structured Programming (SP) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). In AOP, an Aspect can contribute to Overview of ac++ syntax the implementation of a number of procedures and objects There are several excellent introductions to AOP and is used to capture a concern such as logging, memory concepts[4] and to AspectC++ in particular[5]. Here we allocation or thread synchronization that crosscuts multi- can only provide a quick overview of ac++ syntax, and in- ple modules and/or types. Since most HEP frameworks troduce its fundamental concepts: are currently implemented in c++, for our study we have ¤¦¥§¦©¦ used AspectC++, an extension to c++ that allows the use ¤¦¥¨§¦©¦ ¨ An captures a crosscutting concern. of AOP techniques without adversely affecting software Otherwise behaves very much like a c++ class, defining a performance. -
Good Advice for Type-Directed Programming
Good Advice for Type-directed Programming Aspect-oriented Programming and Extensible Generic Functions Geoffrey Washburn Stephanie Weirich University of Pennsylvania {geoffw,sweirich}@cis.upenn.edu ABSTRACT of type-directed combinators to “scrap” this boilerplate. For Type-directed programming is an important idiom for soft- example, L¨ammeland Peyton Jones’s Haskell library pro- ware design. In type-directed programming the behavior of vides a combinator called gmapQ that maps a query over programs is guided by the type structure of data. It makes an arbitrary value’s children returning a list of the results. it possible to implement many sorts of operations, such as Using gmapQ it becomes trivial to implement a type-directed serialization, traversals, and queries, only once and without function, gsize, to compute the size of an arbitrary value. needing to continually revise their implementation as new gsize :: Data a => a -> Int data types are defined. gsize x = 1 + sum (gmapQ gsize x) Type-directed programming is the basis for recent research into “scrapping” tedious boilerplate code that arises in func- However, this line of research focused on closed type- tional programming with algebraic data types. This research directed functions. Closed type-directed functions require has primarily focused on writing type-directed functions that that all cases be defined in advance. Consequently, if the are closed to extension. However, L¨ammel and Peyton Jones programmer wanted gsize to behave in a specialized fashion recently developed a technique for writing openly extensible for one of their data types, they would need to edit the type-directed functions in Haskell by making clever use of definition of gmapQ.