DOCSLIB.ORG

Maxillary Sinus and Success of Dental Implants: an Update

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maxillary Sinus and Success of Dental Implants: an Update Implant Placement Surgery Maxillary sinus and success of dental implants: an update Wesam T. Al-Salman, DDS, MSc n Khalid Almas, BDS, MSc, FDRSCS (Edin), FRACDS, DDPH, RCS, FICD The maxillary sinus augmentation procedure has been gaining more accep- Received: August 11, 2014 tance among dental professionals. The aim of this review article is to provide Accepted: December 8, 2014 an update about various aspects of anatomy, physiology, and common pathological conditions of the maxillary sinus and their clinical relevance Key words: maxillary sinus, dental implants, sinus to the sinus augmentation procedure and subsequent implant placement. pathology, sinus complications, sinus graft materials atients suffering from tooth loss in the communicates with the nasal cavity through The average dimensions of the maxillary posterior maxilla are often subject to an opening (called an ostium) that is located sinus are 33 mm in height, 23-25 mm in esthetic, functional, and psychological high on the medial wall and opens into width, and 34 mm in the anteroposterior P 1 14 complications. Maxillary sinus augmenta- the semilunar hiatus of the middle nasal axis; the average volume is 15 mL. tion (also known as sinus lift) procedures meatus on the lateral nasal cavity.7 The blood supply to the maxillary sinus have become increasingly popular proce- The maxillary sinus starts to develop mainly comes from the branches of the dures prior to placement of dental implants as early as the tenth week of gestation as maxillary artery, including the posterior in posterior maxillae that have suffered invaginations of the mucosa and extension superior alveolar and the infraorbital severe bone loss due to sinus pneumatiza- from the primitive ethmoid infundibu- arteries, which anastomose in the lateral tion, alveolar bone atrophy, or trauma. lum.8 During childhood, the maxillary antral wall.12 Additional blood supply to For a clinician to master this surgical sinus has periods of rapid growth: the the inferior part of the sinus may come procedure, he or she requires a thorough first spurt is between birth and 3 years of from the greater palatine artery.15 Nerve knowledge of sinus anatomy, physiol- age, and the second one is between 7 and supply to the sinus is derived from the ogy, pathology, and surgical techniques. 12 years of age.8 The level of the sinus second division of the trigeminal nerve Furthermore, advances in the field of bone floor, determined by its cephalocaudal (maxillary nerve V2) through the superior regeneration necessitate a careful review of pattern of growth, continues to grow alveolar nerve.12 Venous drainage runs available products and their limitations.2 In until it reaches the level of the floor of the anteriorly into the facial vein, posteriorly addition, many clinical trials and reviews nose at 9-12 years of age.9,10 The floor of into the maxillary vein, and into the have investigated the success and survival the antrum in dentate adults may reach jugular vein (via the dural sinus system). of dental implants in different regions of approximately 1 cm below the nasal floor.11 The lymph drainage occurs via the infra- the mouth, but there is little research on The increase in the sinus as a person orbital foramen and the ostium.11 implants after sinus augmentation.3-5 ages is called pneumatization, which Maxillary sinus septa were first men- This article will discuss different aspects results in a pyramidal structure in which tioned by Underwood in 1910.16 He of the maxillary sinus, including sinus the base is oriented toward the nasal wall described them as barriers of cortical bone development, anatomy, physiology, and and lateral apex extends into either the that arise from the floor or the walls of the pathology. The sinus augmentation tech- zygomatic process of the maxillary bone sinus and may divide the sinus into several nique, including elevation procedures, or the zygoma.10,12 Anteriorly, the sinus recesses.17 Based on their origin, septa can regenerative materials, possible complica- extends to the canine and premolar area; be further subdivided into primary septa, tions, postoperative instructions, and post- the most inferior point of the floor extends formed during maxillary development and augmentation implant success and survival to the first molar region. The roof is tooth growth, or secondary septa, acquired rates, will also be reviewed. formed by the orbital floor and transected during the pneumatization of the maxil- by the course of the infraorbital nerve that lary sinus after tooth loss.18 Development, anatomy, and exits through the infraorbital foramen.13 The sinus is internally lined with a physiology of the maxillary sinus Behind the posterior wall is the pterygo- thin respiratory ciliated epithelium that The maxillary sinus, the largest paranasal maxillary fossa, which contains several is continuous with the epithelium of the sinus, serves many functions, including important structures, such as the internal nasal mucosa; however, the antral mucosa air conditioning, pressure damping, vocal maxillary artery, sphenopalatine ganglion, is thinner (approximately 1 mm thick) and resonance, and the reduction of the weight and the greater palatine nerve. The process less vascular.11 The sinus epithelium pos- of the skull or growth of the face. It exists of pneumatization usually leaves a thin sesses cilia that serve in the transportation in most placental mammals and archo- bone in both the occlusal and lateral walls of fluid secretions toward the ostium. This saurs.6 It is located within the bone of the (especially above the canine in the canine lining of the maxillary sinus cavity is called maxilla on each side of the nasal cavity and fossa) of the posterior maxilla.12 the schneiderian membrane (also known www.agd.org General Dentistry July/August 2015 47 Implant Placement Surgery Maxillary sinus and success of dental implants: an update as the sinus membrane).19 This membrane thickening are associated with an increased trapdoor does not exceed the width of is usually elevated when insufficient bone risk of sinus outflow obstruction.26 In such the sinus. An antral curette is used to height is present during dental implant cases, a consultation with an ear, nose, gently lift the sinus membrane from the installation in the posterior maxilla. and throat specialist is recommended. bony floor in 3 directions (anteriorly, However, any degree of thickening with a posteriorly, and medially); lifting proceeds Pathological conditions rounded mucosal appearance is associated from the apicodistal to the coronomesial In general, maxillary sinus diseases can with a low risk of sinus obstruction.26 direction in order to release the tension on be classified as inflammatory, mucocele, Radiographically, pathological lesions on the membrane. The space is then grafted. odontogenic, neoplastic, or granuloma- the sinus may have the following charac- Implants are then placed either simultane- tous vasculitis.20 teristics: soft tissue lesions that are usually ously (1-stage) or after a delayed period of Inflammatory disease is the most radiopaque without a corticated margin; up to 12 months (2-stage) if graft matura- common pathological condition involving sinus walls that present a thin, continuous tion is necessary. The recipient site should the maxillary sinus. Usually inflamma- white line (in benign disease); resorbed not be overfilled, as that may lead to mem- tory diseases are a consequence of upper sinus walls and a discontinuous corticated brane necrosis.12,27 respiratory tract infections that are viral outline (in malignant, infectious, or The 1-stage procedure is less time con- in origin.20 Symptoms may include pain expansile disease); or resorbed roots of the suming; however, it is more technique sen- and discharge. On the other hand, chronic maxillary teeth (in malignant or rapidly sitive. The procedure’s success relies heavily inflammatory disease of the sinus is usually expansile diseases).20 on the amount of residual bone. One of the bacterial in origin and rarely causes pain, drawbacks of the 1-stage technique is that except during exacerbation.20,21 Sinus elevation procedure it requires a large flap for surgical access.12 Mucoceles are epithelium-lined cystic The elevation of the sinus floor is an inter- masses usually resulting from obstruction nal augmentation of the maxillary sinus, Crestal approach of the sinus ostia.22 They may result in intended to increase the vertical bony This technique begins with a crestal inci- a completely filled sinus and can lead to dimension of the lateral maxilla to allow sion.29 A full-thickness flap is then raised bone expansion due to pressure.20 placement of dental implants in sites with to expose the alveolar ridge. Next, an oste- Odontogenic sinusitis accounts for insufficient alveolar bone height.1 The otomy is performed, starting with an osteo- approximately 10%-12% of maxillary procedure was introduced by Tatum at tome of the smallest size, which is tapped sinusitis cases.23 It can occur when the an Alabama dental implant conference in in place in the bone with a mallet or drill. schneiderian membrane is violated by 1976 and was subsequently described by More osteotomes of gradually increasing conditions related to dental pathology of Boyne & James in 1980.27,28 size are then used to expand the alveolus the maxillary bone, infections of the max- The classic sinus lift procedure consists of and compress the bone. Once the largest illary teeth, trauma to maxillary teeth, the preparation of a window in the lateral osteotome has been placed, prepared bone or by iatrogenic causes such as dental maxillary sinus wall. This window is then grafting material is added to the osteotomy extractions, incorrect placement of dental luxated inward and upward with the schnei- so that it presses on the sinus membrane. implants, and maxillary osteotomies in derian membrane to a horizontal position, This additional pressure causes the eleva- orthognathic surgery.24 thus forming a new sinus floor.1 The space tion of the membrane.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Higmore)
    Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Higmore) The maxillary sinus is a pneumatic space. It is the largest bilateral air sinus located in the body of the maxilla and opens in the middle nasal meatus of the nasal cavity with single or multiple openings. Development: The maxillary sinuses are the only sizable sinuses present at birth. At birth they have the size of a small lima bean measuring about 8X4 mm, and are situated with their longer dimension directed anteriorly and posteriorly. They develop at the third month of intrauterine life, in the place existing between the oral cavity and the floor of the orbit. They develop as evagination of the mucous membrane of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity at the level of the middle nasal meatus forming a minute space that expands primarily in an inferior direction into the primordium of the maxilla. The maxillary sinus enlarges variably and greatly by pneumatization until it reaches the adult size by the eruption of the permanent teeth. Enlargement of the maxillary sinus is consequent to facial growth. Growth of the sinus slows down with decline of facial growth during puberty but continues throughout life. Anatomy: The maxillary sinus varies greatly in size, shape and position not only in different individuals but also in different sides of the same individual. It is pyramidal in shape having a base, an apex and four walls: The base: lateral wall of the nasal cavity. The apex: directed laterally towards the zygomatic process of the maxilla. The four walls: Anterior wall: facial surface of the maxilla.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Surgery Clinical Booklet
    I AM POWERFUL . All rights reserved. No information or part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without or transmitted No information or part of this document may be reproduced . All rights reserved. ® - Copyright © 2013 SATELEC - Copyright . ® Ref. I57373 - V3 02/2016 CLINICAL BOOKLET SURGERY Non contractual document - Non contractual the prior permission of ACTEON SATELEC® a Company of ACTEON® Group 17 avenue Gustave Eiffel • BP 30216 33708 MERIGNAC cedex • France Tel: +33 (0) 556 340 607 • Fax: +33 (0) 556 349 292 E.mail. [email protected] www.acteongroup.com Acknowledgements This clinical booklet has been written with the guidance and backing of university lecturers and scientists, specialists and scientific consultants: Dr. G. GAGNOT, private practice in periodontology, Vitré and University Hospital Assistant, Rennes University, France. Dr. S. GIRTHOFER, private practice in implantology, Munich, Germany. Pr. F. LOUISE, specialist in periodontolgy-implantology, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles, France. Dr. Y. MACIA, private practitioner, University Hospital Assistant in the Department of Oral Surgery, Marseilles, France. Dr. P. MARIN, private practice in implantology, Bordeaux, France. Dr. J-F MICHEL, private practice in Periodontology and Implantology, Rennes, France. Dr. E. NORMAND, private practice in Periodontology and Implantology, Bordeaux, University Hospital Assistant in Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France. Our protocols, and the findings that support them, originate from university theses and international publications, which you will find referenced in the bibliography. We have of course gained tremendous experience over the last thirty years from the dentists worldwide who, through their recommendations and advice, have contributed to the improvement of our products.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Implants Versus Sinus Grafting
    TREATMENT DECISIONS IN THE POSTERIOR MAXILLA: SHORT IMPLANTS VERSUS SINUS GRAFTING Lyndsey Webb*, Martin Chan** Specialty Registrar in Restorative Dentistry*, Consultant in Restorative Dentistry**, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU Introduction Diagnosis and treatment plan Planning for replacement of teeth in the posterior maxilla using implant restorations is determined by the residual subantral Diagnoses: bone volume and quality. With tooth loss there is a loss of the available vertical bone height, due to a loss of the associated 1. Chronic gingivitis alveolar bone and on-going pneumatisation of the maxillary sinus. In a partially dentate patient, there are several clinical 2. Hypodontia: retained ULC and LRD, missing ULE and LLE with space remaining options available for tooth replacement, including acceptance of a shortened dental arch, providing a removable partial 3. Mild attritive wear, secondary to nocturnal bruxism denture or conventional fixed bridgework, use of short implants, or sinus floor elevation to facilitate placement of longer implants. With very large bone defects further clinical options are available, including the use of zygomatic implants. The treatment plan agreed with the patient was therefore as follows: 1. OHI and scaling Sinus grafting 2. Composite bonding on upper anterior teeth, to close the diastema and regularise tooth size and incisal level 3. Replacement of mobile LRD with resin retained bridge There are two common techniques for sinus grafting. The crestal approach uses pilot drills to create an osteotomy to within 4. Replacement of missing URE with implant retained single crown on Astra EV 4.2 x 6mm implant 2mm of the sinus floor, which is then up-fractured using an osteotome.1 Bone grafting biomaterials are then placed under the 5.
    [Show full text]
  • The Consumer's Guide to Safe, Anxiety-Free Dental Surgery
    The Consumer’s Guide to Safe, Anxiety-Free Dental Surgery Jeffrey V. Anzalone, DDS 1 2 About The Author 7 Meet The Anzalones 9 Acknowledgments 11 Overview of the BIG PICTURE 13 The 9 Most Important Dental Surgery Secrets 13 Chapter 2 Selecting the Right Dental Surgeon 17 What Are the Dental Specialties That Perform Surgery? 19 What Is a Periodontist? 20 Chapter 3 The Consultation 23 The Initial Consultation: Examining the Doctor 25 Am I a candidate for surgery? 26 14 Questions to Ask Your Prospective Periodontist 27 Chapter 4 Gum Disease (Periodontitis) 29 Gum Disease Symptoms 30 Pocket Recording 32 Is gum disease contagious? 32 Gum Disease and the Human Body 33 Gum Disease and Cardiovascular Disease 33 Gum Disease and Other Systemic Diseases 34 Gum Disease and Women 35 Gum Disease and Children 37 Signs of Periodontal Disease 38 Advice for Parents 39 Gum Disease Risk Factors 41 Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment 42 Regenerative Procedures 43 Pocket Reduction Procedures 44 Follow-Up Care 45 Chapter 5 The Photo Gallery 47 Free Gingival Graft 47 Connective Tissue Graft 49 Dental Implants 51 Sinus Lift With Dental Implant Placement 53 Classification of Implant Sites 53 Implants placed after sinus has been elevated 54 3 4 Sinus Lift as a Separate Procedure 55 Sinus Perforation 55 Bone Grafting 57 Esthetic Crown Lengthening 59 Crown Lengthening for a Restoration 60 Tooth Extraction and Socket Grafting 61 More Photos of Procedures 62 Connective Tissue Graft 62 Connective Tissue Graft + Crowns 64 Free Gingival Graft 64 Esthetic Crown Lengthening
    [Show full text]
  • Macroscopic Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses of the Domestic Pig (Sus Scrofa Domestica) Daniel John Hillmann Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1971 Macroscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) Daniel John Hillmann Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Animal Structures Commons, and the Veterinary Anatomy Commons Recommended Citation Hillmann, Daniel John, "Macroscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica)" (1971). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 4460. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/4460 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 72-5208 HILLMANN, Daniel John, 1938- MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES OF THE DOMESTIC PIG (SUS SCROFA DOMESTICA). Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1971 Anatomy I University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor. Michigan I , THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED Macroscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) by Daniel John Hillmann A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Veterinary Anatomy Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. h Charge of -^lajoï^ Wor Signature was redacted for privacy. For/the Major Department For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames/ Iowa 19 71 PLEASE NOTE: Some Pages have indistinct print.
    [Show full text]
  • CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa
    731 CT of Perineural Tumor Extension: Pterygopalatine Fossa Hugh D. Curtin1.2 Tumors of the oral cavity and paranasal sinuses can spread along nerves to areas Richard Williams 1 apparently removed from the primary tumor. In tumors of the palate, sinuses, and face, Jonas Johnson3 this "perineural" spread usually involves the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. The pterygopalatine fossa is a pathway of the maxillary nerve and becomes a key landmark in the detection of neural metastasis by computed tomogaphy (CT). Oblitera­ tion of the fat in the fossa suggests pathology. Case material illustrating neural extension is presented and the CT findings are described. Perineural extension is possibly the most insidious form of tumor spread of head and neck malignancy. After invading a nerve, tumor follows the sheath to reach the deeper connections of the nerve, escaping the area of a planned resection. Thus, detection of this form of extension is important in treatment planning and estimation of prognosis. The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a key crossroad in extension along cranial nerve V. The second branch of the trigeminal nerve passes from the gasserian ganglion through the foramen rotundum into the PPF. Here the nerve branches send communications to the palate, sinus, nasal cavity, and face. Tumor can follow any of these routes proximally into the PPF and eventually to the gasserian ganglion in the middle cranial fossa. The PPF contains enough fat to be an ideal subject for computed tomographic (CT) evaluation. Obliteration of this fat is an important indicator of pathology, including perineural tumor spread. Other signs of perineural extension include enlargement of foramina, increased enhancement in the region of Meckel cave (gasserian ganglion), and atrophy of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve.
    [Show full text]
  • Piezosurgery in Bone Augmentation Procedures Previous to Dental Implant Surgery: a Review of the Literature
    Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 426 The Open Dentistry Journal, 2015, 9, 426-430 Open Access Piezosurgery in Bone Augmentation Procedures Previous to Dental Implant Surgery: A Review of the Literature Gabriel Leonardo Magrin, Eder Alberto Sigua-Rodriguez*, Douglas Rangel Goulart and Luciana Asprino Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil Abstract: The piezosurgery has been used with increasing frequency and applicability by health professionals, especially those who deal with dental implants. The concept of piezoelectricity has emerged in the nineteenth century, but it was ap- plied in oral surgery from 1988 by Tomaso Vercellotti. It consists of an ultrasonic device able to cut mineralized bone tis- sue, without injuring the adjacent soft tissue. It also has several advantages when compared to conventional techniques with drills and saws, such as the production of a precise, clean and low bleed bone cut that shows positive biological re- sults. In dental implants surgery, it has been used for maxillary sinus lifting, removal of bone blocks, distraction os- teogenesis, lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve, split crest of alveolar ridge and even for dental implants placement. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of piezosurgery in bone augmentation procedures used previously to dental implants placement. Keywords: Dental implants, jaw, oral surgery, osteotomy, piezosurgery, sinus floor augmentation. INTRODUCTION oscillations. These oscillations generate ultrasonic waves that are sent to the tip of the piezoelectric hand piece and, There are several challenges faced by Oral Surgeons en- when used in short and fast movements, are able to disrupt gaged in dental implantology.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation on an OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING the EFFECT of SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK on BLEEDING in ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGE
    Dissertation On AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING THE EFFECT OF SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK ON BLEEDING IN ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY Dissertation submitted to TAMIL NADU DR. M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHENNAI For M.S.BRANCH IV (OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY) Under the guidance of DR. F ANTHONY IRUDHAYARAJAN, M.S., D.L.O Professor & HOD, Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai. GOVERNMENT STANLEY MEDICAL COLLEGE THE TAMILNADU DR. M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI-32, TAMILNADU APRIL 2017 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this dissertation titled AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING THE EFFECT OF SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK ON BLEEDING IN ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY is the original and bonafide work done by Dr. NIGIL SREEDHARAN under the guidance of Prof Dr F ANTHONY IRUDHAYARAJAN, M.S., DLO Professor & HOD, Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery at the Government Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai – 600 001, during the tenure of his course in M.S. ENT from July-2014 to April- 2017 held under the regulation of the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Guindy, Chennai – 600 032. Prof Dr F Anthony Irudhayarajan, M.S., DLO Place : Chennai Professor & HOD, Date : .10.2016 Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery Government Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai – 600 001. Dr. Isaac Christian Moses M.D, FICP, FACP Place: Chennai Dean, Date : .10.2016 Govt.Stanley Medical College, Chennai – 600 001. CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE This is to certify that this dissertation titled “AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY COMPARING THE EFFECT OF SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY BLOCK ON BLEEDING IN ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY” is the original and bonafide work done by Dr NIGIL SREEDHARAN under my guidance and supervision at the Government Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai – 600001, during the tenure of his course in M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Simplified Sinus Lift Surgery
    56 ce ORAL SURGERY Test 168 dentalCEtoday.com Simplified Sinus Lift Surgery ental implants for edentulous a b areas of the mouth have become only D the standard of care in the United States, and the number of dentists, particu- larly general dentists, placing them is in - creasing. One challenging location for these implants, however, is the posterior Karl R. maxilla. Even with adequate crestal bone Koerner, DDS, width, implant placement may be limited MS by a lack of vertical bone height. In the past, surgical techniques to over- come this obstacle were daunting, and the use thought of approximating the maxillary Figures 1a and 1b. Crestal Approach Sinus (CAS) Kit from HIOSSEN (a). Round-ended sinus drill with blue sinus was out of the question for more con- stopper. All drills in the kit are 13 mm long. This 9 mm stopper only allows 4 mm of cutting length to be servative clinicians. With the development utilized (b). of new innovative surgical instrumenta- tion and careful case selection, more den- a b tists are now using new protocols and per- David Chong, forming at least some of these implant- DDS associated surgeries on a regular basis. This article presents brief background informa- tion and describes the surgical procedure for a crestal approach sinus graft using a predictable, minimally invasive technique. TYPES OF SINUS GRAFTS Sinus displacement/bone graft surgery in dentistry via a window made on the lateral wall of the sinus was described in the 1980s Figures 2a and 2b. Pre-op radiograph. A sinus graft and implant placement are treatment planned for a 1 2 3 maxillary first molar site (tooth No.
    [Show full text]
  • All-On-4 Dental Implants an Alternative to Dentures
    ALL-ON-4 DENTAL IMPLANTS AN ALTERNATIVE TO DENTURES Pasha Hakimzadeh, DDS MEDICAL INFORMATION DISCLAIMER: This book is not intended as a substitute for the medical advice of physicians. The reader should regularly consult a physician in matters relating to his/ her health and particularly with respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. The authors and publisher specifically disclaim any responsibility for any liability, loss, or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 4 Why Implants Are Necessary . 5 Ancient History . 6 All About Dental Implants. 7 Related Procedures . 8 Implant for a Single Tooth. 8 Implants for Multiple Teeth (All-on-4 Procedure) . 9 The Implant Procedure . .10 Caring for Dental Implants . .11 Financing Dental Implants. 12 INTRODUCTION Losing one or more teeth can cause all sorts of dental problems. Misalignment or excessive wear of the remaining teeth, chewing difficulties, problems with oral hygiene and even nutritional deficiencies can result from missing teeth. While dentures were once the only solution, today you also have the option of dental implants, which can look just like (or even better than) the original teeth. 4 WHY IMPLANTS ARE NECESSARY Losing teeth doesn’t just mean the tooth is lost — a number of other negative effects can occur: • Bone Loss - the mechanism of chewing promotes healthy bone formation. When a tooth is lost, the bone in that area is no longer stimulated during chewing. • When multiple teeth are lost, the jawbone shrinks, the lower third of the face shortens, and the cheeks and lips become hollow.
    [Show full text]
  • October 17-19, 2013 Chairmen: David HARRIS & Brian O’CONNELL
    FINAL PROGRAMME www.eao-congress.com 22ND ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING October 17-19, 2013 Chairmen: David HARRIS & Brian O’CONNELL Preparing for the Future of Implant Dentistry In collaboration with 1 Dublin 2013 | SUMMARY | 01 Committees ............................................................... 02 Overview ............................................................... 04 EAO presentation ............................................................... 06 Scientific Programme ............................................................... 24 Satellite Industry Symposia & Breakfast Symposia ............................................................... 28 Posters ............................................................... 45 Invited Speakers & Chairpersons, Overview ............................................................... 46 Chairpersons & Invited Speakers, Cvs ............................................................... 85 Congress General Information ............................................................... 88 Discover Dublin ............................................................... 90 Exhibition Plan ............................................................... 92 Founding Gold Sponsors ............................................................... 93 Gold Sponsors ............................................................... 95 Silver Sponsors ............................................................... 98 Bronze Sponsors ............................................................... 2 © Istockphoto
    [Show full text]
  • Biodental Engineering V
    BIODENTAL ENGINEERING V PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIODENTAL ENGINEERING, PORTO, PORTUGAL, 22–23 JUNE 2018 Biodental Engineering V Editors J. Belinha Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz & João Manuel R.S. Tavares Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Typeset by V Publishing Solutions Pvt Ltd., Chennai, India All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publisher. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: International Conference on Biodental Engineering (5th: 2018: Porto, Portugal), author. | Belinha, Jorge, editor. | Jorge, Renato M. Natal editor. | Campos, J.C. Reis, editor. | Vaz, Mario A.P., editor. | Tavares, Joao Manuel R.S., editor. Title: Biodental engineering V: proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biodental Engineering, Porto, Portugal, 22–23 June 2018 / editors, J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mario A.P. Vaz & Joao Manuel R.S. Tavares. Description: London, UK; Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]