Vol. 33, No. 32 August 6-12, 1990

Jinan: A New Open City

UTILIZING YELLOW RIVER WATER RESOURCES

BeyingR^^ir VOL. 33, NO. 32 August 6-12,1990

Jinan Opens to the Outside World

• The State Council recently decided that Jinan, the capital of CONTENTS Shandong Province, be incorporated into the Economic Open Coastal Area of Shandong Peninsula. The significance of this fVENTS/TRENDS 4-6 move was explained by Di Yongbo, mayor of Jinan, during a recent interview with our correspondent Lu Yun. Full text of China All Out for Asian Sports Di's answers (p. 11). Rally Top Leaders Meet Zambian PM Border Towns Ride the Tide of Reform Entrepreneurs Defy DIfflcuitles Sino-British Ties: A Warming Up? Pensions for One-Child Parents? • Like many of their counterparts in Shandong Province, the Hi-Tech Zones: A Good Beginning three entrepreneurs introduced in this article have each in their way successfully come to grips with the eqonomic diffi• INTERNATIONAL culties and challenges of the world market, adapting their enterprises to the changed business climate in both the domes• Washington's Aboutface on tic and foreign marketplace (p. 14). Kampuchea The International Climate's Impact on Africa Saudi Arabia Strides Into the Tapping Yeiiow River Resources Future

CHINA • Forty years of water conservation and diversion projects have brought the intractable Yellow River under control, The Opening of Jinan City 11 injected fresh vigour into the North China Plain and made Difficulties Spurs Entrepreneurs possible abundant harvests in years to come. Some river sec• On 14 tions with pollution problems, however, must be dealt with Utilizing the Resources of the without delay (p. 18). Yellow River 18

BUSINESS/TRADE 22

Africa Faces New Challenges TOURISM 23

CULTURE/SCIENCE 24-26 D In order to break out of its unfavourable position in the international arena caused by the current changing world COVERi Fengjiashan Reservoir—one of situation, Africa must have its countries united. It is necessary the nation's key projects built in Shaanxi for each African country to choose a road of development in Province in the late 1960s. light of its national conditions (p. 8). Photo by Shui Liu

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friendship," which was cultivat• ed by Zambian President Ken• China All Out for Asian Sports Rally neth Kaunda, the late Chairman Mao Zedong and the late Pre• eijing and the rest of China chance to demonstrate the soli• mier Zhou Enlai, "an inspiring have been mobilized for a darity of Asian sports circles and chapter in history." B successful Asian Games in all the Asian peoples," He said. Masheke concurred that a September. "Only a united Asia can speak friendly relationship has always Wu Shaozu, executive pres• with strength in the world of existed between the two coun• ident of the Beijing Asian Games sports," he said. "It's up to joint tries, saying that his current visit Organizing Committee (BAG- efforts by all of us to make the will show once more that Zambia CX:), said on July 27 that the Games a great success." will forever firmly stand and re• nationwide mobilisation aims at Those attending the three-day main united with China. providing a convenient, safe meeting also visited the Games He said the Zambian govern• and comfortable environment to ; venues and had special meetings ment and people are happy that Gatneis participants. with BAGOC officials about the the situation in China remains With prorations, near .com-'. details of the games, believed to stable. pletion, Wu said one of the fin-- be Asia's unprecedented sports Referring to the recent summit ishing touches is to traift commit• gathering. • of African countries, he said that tee staff and volunteers the meeting unanimously agreed Wu, who is also minister of that the internal affairs of third the State Physical Culture and world countries, which brook no Sports Commission, was speak• Top Leaders interference by external factors, ing at a three-day meeting of Meet Zambian PM are to be determined by their chefs for participating delega• own governments and peoples ac• tions. ihinese Vice-President cording to their own realities. Roy de Silva, vice-president Wang Zhen described No one will be able to impose of the Olympic Council of Asia C China and Zambia as "all- their "format" on third world (OCA) from Sri Lanka, attended weather friends" when he met countries, he stated. the meeting as the representative visiting Zambian Prime Minister Briefing his guests on China's of OCA President Sheikh Fahad Malimba Masheke on July 24 in domestic situation, Wang said al Ahmad al Sabah. Beijing. that China will unswervingly BAGOC Executive Vice- China and Zambia enjoy "very advance along the road of social• President He Zhenliang des• friendly relations," Wang said. ism. China, he added, is bound to cribed, the Games, which is to He called "the profound accomplish its goals of the four take place from September 22 through October 7; -as "a great PienUei li Peng hosts a welcoming oetemony in Beijing in honour of visiting gathering of the Asian family." Zambian Prime Minister Masheke. LISHENGNAN The organizers have succeeded in having all the 38 member or• ganizations, of the OCA partici• pate in the games. "This means a long-cherished wish of the Asian peoples will come true," he said. He, who is vice-president of the International Olympic Com• mittee (IOC) and president of the Chinese Olympic Cqrumit- tee, said that more than 60 IOC members, including President Juan Antonio Samaranch and all the executive board members, have confirmed they will be at• tending the Games' opening cer- emony. "The 16-day Asian Games is a

BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 EVENTS/TRENDS modernizations and socialism pendence on the African conti• iod (1986-90), the provincial with Chinese characteristics. nent is not far away." • government pooled its capital Chinese Premier Li Peng met and central government alloca• with Masheke on July 23. Dur• tions to build a water supply sys• ing their talks, they expressed Border Towns Ride tem, a power plant, a highway identical views on international network and many houses in the issues of common concern and The Tide of Reform border area. held detailed discussions on bila• At the same time, the govern• ihe majority of the 600 ment adopted a preferential pol• teral economic co-operation. townships along China's Li pointed out that although icy to encourage the local peo^ T land boundaries more than pie to develop the economy and the world situation is developing 20,000 kilometres in length have build their homeland with their towards detente, there are soine taken on a new look aver the past own hands. unstable factors and in some re• 10 years. , gions the situation has even be• As a result, 55,946 pesasant; A recent conference on th^ xe- hooselttSlds;-61 ;66.7^'perCeii¥^^^ come turbulent. , construction of fron^ txading the tdtial living in the *l»rder' "The world will quite possibly centres and towns .he]4 in, the atea, renovated their old houses experience a period of turbul• city of Yanji in Jilin Province or built new ones by the end of ence," Li said; demonstrated that .substantial Such negative elements in the achievements have been made 1989. Tap water has been sup• world situation and the new he- over the past decade in China's plied to 442 of 1,293 villages in the area. All the towns and 80 gemonism and power politics opening to the outside world and percent of the villages can be have brought pressure and diffi• reform. Border trade has been reached by triicks and buses as a culties to developing countries, booming, allowing the local peo• result of a newly completed high• the premier said. Therefore, de• ple to enjoy the first taste of prosperity. way network covering 646 kilo• veloping countries should streng• metres. then their unity and co• China has nine border prov• Other improvements have operation, he added. inces and autonomous regions been seen in cultural, education• Li reiterated that based on the —Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, al and medical care undertak• Five Principles of Peaceful Coex• Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xin• jiang, Tibet, Yunnan and Gu- ings, broadcast and TV, postal istence, China regarded develop• services and communications. ing relations with third world angxi. Before 1978, the year the In southwestern Yunnan Prov• countries as the cornerstone of ince, border trade volume in• its foreign policy. Third Plenary Session of the Chinese Communist Party's 11th creased 35 'times between 1980 In their talks, Masheke briefed and 1989. In the Dehong Dai Li on the situation in southern Central Committee was held, these border regions were as a and Jingpo Autonomous Prefec• Africa. He said that though there rule handicapped by poor tran• ture which is adjacent to Burma, were some positive changes in sportation, harsh living con• total border trade volume rose as the southern part of Africa, ditions, and a backward lifestyle. much as 20.74 times in 1988 as the problem of South Africa's But things are much different compared with 1984. The. aver• apartheid policy has not been set• now. With the support of both age annual income per capita in• tled. the central and local govern• creased by 450 percent in 10 Vice-Premier Wu Xueqian ments, such difficulties as shor• years. About 60 percent of the also met with Masheke and rei• tages in drinking water, housing, towns are supplied with potable terated that China will continue schools and hospitals have been water and all the towns have to support the just struggle of alleviated to varying degrees. electrical power supply. • the southern African people un• Many towns bordering North til their final victory. Korea, the Soviet Union and He spoke highly of Zambia's Burma have taken on a touch of efforts to promote the unity and modernity. Sino-British Tlesi co-operation of Africa and to ac• Jilin Province, bordering the A Warming Up? tively seek peace, stability and Soviet Union to the east and ac• development of the southern Af• ross a river fropi North Korea in July 25 meeting in gei- rican region. the southeast, has nine cities and jing between Qiinese Rre-* Referring to positive progress counties including 59 townships A mier Li Peng and Francis' in Africa, Wu said he believes along the boundary line.'During Maude, visiting British minister that "the day of complete inde• the Seventh Five-Year Plan per• of State of iiie Foreign and Cohi-

•ElflNG SEVIEW, AIJGUST «-12, im EVENTS/TRENDS monwealth Office, indicated that five yuan bonus for one-child both China and Britain, as per• families, available until the child Hi-Tech Zones: manent members of the United reached the age of 14, was enact• A Good Beginning Nations Security Council, at• ed as part of the state's policy to tached great importance to their control the rapid growth of Chi• hi-tech development zone bilateral relations. na's population. will be built in Zhongshan Li described Maude's yisit as a But Tian Xueyuan, director of A County, Guangdong Prov• sign of further improvement in the Population Institute under ince as an important base for Sino-British ties. He expressed the Chinese Academy of Social China's high technological indus• the hope that such ties would Sciences, said the bonus has not try. continue to improve and de•been as successful as hoped. Zhongshan is just one of 20 velop. Tian, along with other popula• hi-tech zones chosen from across Maude said his visit was aimed tion experts, suggested that the China to form the nation's bases for the development of high tech• at helping restore Sino-British re• yearly bonus of 60 yuan be de• nology. And the government will lations to their normal high lev• posited in a bank to be used as soon announce preferential poli• el. Britain is ready to work with life insurance for the child or as cies for the development of high an old-age pension for the par• China toward this end, he added. technology in the bases. Li and Maude also discussed ents. Some of the zones are jointly a number of issues concerning* An average total of 5,700 yuan operated by the State Science plus interest at the state bond Hong Kong. They expressed will• and Technology Commission rate would have accumulated ingness to have more consulta• and local governments such as tions and co-operation to ensure when single-child parents turned those in Zhongshan; Weihai in stability and prosperity in Hong 60. Then, they could withdraw Shandong Province; and Amoy Kong. about 800 yuan a year as their in Fujian Province. pension, according to the plan. Li also told Maude that China The state will pay more atten• now enjoys political and econo• The experts said their method tion to transferring the hi-tech mic stability. was aimed specifically at farm• findings to commercial and in• "Economically, China has tid• ers to encourage them to stick to dustrial production and to guid• ed over the most difficult time, China's one-child policy. Even ing and boosting some devel• with inflation under control, in• today, the children of farmers opmental projects in their pre• dustrial output up, good harvests are expected to be farm labourers liminary stages. being reaped and the internation• for the family and supporters of The hi-tech development zones al balance of payments improv• their aging parents. are designed to attract research ing," the premier said. Deyang City in Sichuan Prov• institutes, schools of higher Chinese Vice-Foreign Minis• ince has agreed to test the ex• learning and large and medium- ter Tian Zengpei held talks with perts' plan among 160,000 cou• sized enterprises to come to set Maude on a separate occasion. ples, or 44 percent of the city's up hi-tech companies in the They exchanged views on the im• one-child families. zones. plementation of the Sino-British Yang Chunle, a farmer, calcu• An international hi-tech fair, Joint Declaration on the Ques• lated that she would be able to the first of its kind in China, was tion of Hong Kong, the streng• receive 200 yuan a month—more held in the Zhongshan hi-tech thening of co-operation and con• than the monthly wage of a development zone on June 20-22. sultation between China and Bri• county magistrate—as old-age And 115 projects were slated for tain as well as international is• pension when she turned 60. co-operation with foreign firms sues. • Right now, she feels comfortable in areas including electronics, with having just one child, she bioengineering, new materials, added. new agricultural technology, Authorities in Sichuan Prov• food refining processes, and new Pensions for ince, which has a population of energy resources and high effi• One-ChHd Parents? more than 100 million, recently ciency energy-conservation tech• urged the local people to support nology. ome experts have suggested the plan throughout the prov• Researchers, financiers and the state award single-child ince. entrepreneurs from Singapore, S parents with old-age pen• The pension award, Tian said, Japan, the United States, Aus• sions, rather than the cash bon• would be one of the most effec• tralia, Taiwan Province and the uses that are currently given out. tive ways to control population Hong Kong and Macao regions A decade ago, the monthly growth in China's rural areas. • attended the fair. •

6 BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST <-12,1990 INTERNATIONAL

Washington's Aboutf ace on Kampuchea The decision by the United States to mthdraw support for the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea will certainly damage the peace efforts by the international community to solve the ll-year-old conflict in Kampuchea.

by Chu Qimen

n July 18, US Secretary saying that Washington's reported that the change in of State James Baker an• shift in attitude has streng• US policy had been a subject O nounced in Paris that thened his resolve to battle of debate in the US Congress the United States would cease the Viet Nam-installed gov• for several months. Some sen• to recognize the seat of the ernment of Kampuchea. ators had urged US President Coalition Government of De• Son Sann also expressed his George Bush to readjust his mocratic Kampuchea at the dissatisfaction with Washing• policy, and the final decision United Nations. Baker made ton's decision. He said that it was made at a secret meeting the announcement following a was not suitable for Baker attended by Bush, Baker meeting with Soviet For• to announce such a decision, and national security adviser eign Minister Eduard Shev• and, if the United States re• Brent Scowcroft. ardnadze. Baker indicated that sumed aid to Viet Nam, it Because of this change in Washington would open dia• would only help prolong the the US attitude, the members logue with Viet Nam, but he war and deepen the misery of of ASEAN are now greatly refused to acknowledge that it his nation. The international concerned with the future of meant the beginning of the community, he said, should Kampuchea. They feel the normalization of ties with continue to support the just US decision will have a ma• Hanoi. struggle of the Kampuchean jor impact on the situation in Until now, Kampuchea's people against Viet Nam, and Kampuchea and Southeast UN seat has been held by the their pressure on Viet Nam Asia. should not be lifted. Kampuchea's seat in the resistance coalition, which in• Members of the Associa• United Nations should not be cludes the Khmer Rouge and tion of Southeast Asian Na• left vacant before an agree• the two groups led by former tions (ASEAN) also feel the ment on a political settlement monarch^Prince Norodom Si• United States' decision will of the Kampuchean issue is hanouk and former premier not help settle the conflict in reached. A vacant seat for Son Sann. Kampuchea. Kampuchea will not help This move by the United "We sincerely doubt wheth• promote a comprehensive, States has been generally re• er at this stage of negotiations fair and reasonable settle• garded as an aboutface in atti• such a move would help to• ment of the Kampuchean tude towards Kampuchea. The wards reaching a comprehen• question. The existence of coalition government serious• sive solution that is mutually four political and military ly criticized Washington's de• acceptable," said Indonesian forces in Kampuchea is a fact cision and stated that it would Foreign Minister Ali Alatas. that has been recognized in• not be conducive to the politi• It is believed that Washing• ternationally, and none of cal settlement of the Kampu- ton's withdrawal of support them should be left out or chean issue. Sihanouk, in the is intended to prevent the considered the dominant one Democratic People's Republic Khmer Rouge from returning when the Kampuchean ques• of Korea, issued a statement to power. And, it has been tion is to be addressed. •

BEUING REVIEW, AUGUST «-lZ, 1990 7 INTERNATIONAL The International Climate's Impact on Africa

by Liu Lu rwioday the African conti- Africa except Natal, where viol• that African countries have their I nent remains underdevel- ence periodically erupts. On June own characteristics and should not JL oped. Few African nations 19, South Africa's parliament blindly follow other nations. They have the strength to be self- passed a bill scrapping the Separ• believe a multi-party system will supporting and they find them• ate Amenities Act, a cornerstone only intensify disputes between selves easily influenced by the of racial segregation in South Af• tribes and nationalities and dee• outside world. As well, close geo• rica. With the passage of the bill, pen contradictory elements in Af• political connections with Europe anyone of any race was allowed to rican countries, even splitting have had an impact on the African enter any public facility. It was some countries. Many African continent. Therefore, the current one of the ANC's preconditions countries thought that they should world situation, especially rapid before it would agree to talk with uphold their existing social and changes in the Soviet Union and South African authorities. It ap• political systems, further expand East European countries, is cer• pears the trend towards politically democracy under a one-party sys• tainly reflected in Africa's politi• settling the South African ques• tem and gradually carry out re• cal situation. Today's Africa faces tion has reached the point of no form. Ethiopia and Mozambique a complicated and changing situa• return. have abandoned their past ideolo• tion, an easing of tensions versus Other countries on the African gies and diversified their econom• turbulence, difficulties and oppor• continent are in the process of ies in preparation for lifting the tunities existing side by side. trying to resolve war-created ban on political parties and real• domestic chaos by peaceful means. izing multi-party politics. Benin, The Ethiopian government has Gabon, Zaire and the Ivory Coast Easing Trouble Spots displayed greater flexibility in have all announced the end of Influenced by detente in the reaching a political settlement to their one-party system of govern• world and adjustments in Ameri• the war raging in the northern ment which has existed for many can and Soviet policies, tensions part of the country. The parties years. They will be trying to gov• have eased in several trouble involved have been holding secret ern under a multi-party system. spots in Africa. Conditions have talks. In Mozambique, the govern• The political situation in some changed in southern Africa, espe• ment and anti-government forces African countries has been in a cially in South Africa. With Na• have agreed to negotiate directly. state of turbulence because of in• mibia's independence, the African The governments and military res• ternational influences and unre• continent has completed its histor• istance forces in both Angola and solved domestic problems. Over ical mission of decolonization. the Sudan are continuing their ef• the past six months, more than 10 South Africa's system of aparth• forts to negotiate an end to their African countries have witnessed eid has been shaken. In February, conflicts. strikes by students and workers, the South African government an• military discontent, mass demon• nounced the lifting of bans on strations and even violence. Even the African National Congress Fluid Home Situation such politically stable West Afri• (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Con• Political changes in Eastern Eu• can countries as the Ivory Coast gress of Azania and the South Af• rope, however, have had a major and Gabon have seen large-scale rican Communist Party. It also impact on Africa's political situa• riots. Demonstrators in the Ivo• lifted restrictions on 33 anti- tion, once relatively smooth. The ry Coast set cars on fire, robbed apartheid organizations and re• changes have provoked a chain stores and spearheaded a cam• leased Black leader Nelson Man• reaction in several African coun• paign against the nation's presi• dela and other political prison• tries. Rioting has efrupted in sev• dent. The unstable situation in ers. At the beginning of May, eral capital cities; some govern• Gabon lasted several months. the ANC headed by Mandela held ments have taken measures of sup• Rioters jailed the French consul- their first round of talks with pression and others have chosen to general and forced petroleum South African President F. W. de institute a multi-party system and companies to stop production. Ni• Klerk. On June 7, de Klerk an• mixed economy. geria, Sudan and Madagascar nounced the lifting of the state of The leaders of Kenya, Zim• were also the victims of aborted emergency for all areas of South babwe, Tanzania and Zambia feel coups and military rebellions.

8 BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-lZ, 1990 INTERNATIONAL

A|re-old Problems Remain flowing into African countries. rican Alternative Framework And capital resources for African to Structural Adjustment Pro• Although instability in some countries are in danger of running grammes (AAF-SAP). The strate• African countries has decreased, out. Two-thirds of the French en• gy, which includes making full use factors that are likely to cause new terprises now in African countries of natural resources and guaran• problems still exist. And this wor• are planning to invest outside of teeing the extensive involvement ries many African leaders. Their Africa while some British entre• of the public in economic activi• concerns are reflected in the fol• preneurs are preparing to with• ties, is aimed at a long-term devel• lowing: draw from the African continent. opment for African countries. The 1. Since the United States and Togo President General Gnas- Economic Commission for Africa West European countries have singbe Eyadema recently pointed of the United Nations had urged shifted their attention to the out that Western countries should the various governments of Afri• changing situations in the Soviet not abandon their "black friends" can countries to make their own Union and East European coun• for the interest of their "Eastern plans according to the different tries and such issues as establish- . brothers." situations in their own countries. ihg a unified Germany and 3. Economic aid from the Unit• Kenya and Nigeria made some ad• an integrated European mar• ed States and the Soviet Union to justments to their economic struc• ket, African countries will become African countries has been great• tures in the spirit of the AAF-SAP less important and be ignored pol• ly reduced. The Soviet Union has and achieved 5 and 4 percent eco• itically. As one Kenyan leader put stopped commenting on the "un• nomic growth respectively in the it: "Eastern Europe, in the eyes conditional assistance" to African past year. of some countries, seems to be a countries. It has also slashed aid to An increasing number of Afri• charming young girl while the Af• some of the countries it has assist• can countries have come to realize rican continent is just like an ugly ed in a major way in the past. The that they can no longer rely on old woman." US aid budget for African coun• foreign aid but must co-operate 2. As the United States and tries decreased to about US$900 with each other and present a uni• some West European countries million in 1990 and it will de• fied front. In the middle of June, transfer capital and technology to crease to US$800 million in 1991. the Permanent Steering Commit• East European countries, the shor• To African countries, while econo• tee of the Organization of African tage of capital and technology in mic aid from the big powers has Unity (OAU) drafted a plan to some African countries will be decreased, the attached political establish an African economic aggravated. Manuel Marin, vice- conditions have become stricter. community and submitted it to president of the European Com• 4. With the easing of East-West the Assembly of Heads of State of munity (EC) Commission, has in• tensions, there are at least 50,000 the OAU. This move signifies that dicated that as the situation eases tanks, 40,000 pieces of artillery, African countries have made an in East European countries and 56,000 armoured personnel car• important step towards an in• their ability to absorb foreign cap• riers, 40,000 to 50,000 fighter jets tegrated economy. ital increases, EC assistance will and helicopters and enough light At the same time, African be transferred from African coun• weapons to arm 500,000 troops countries began South-South co• tries to Eastern Europe. He urged waiting to be transferred out of operation and are calling for a new African nations to prepare for Europe. These weapons will like• round of North-South dialogue. such a development. The United ly be traded to Africa and other Senegal, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, States, France and some other third world countries or given as Egypt and Algeria recently par- countries have even indicated that aid. They represent a direct threat t,icipated in the 15-nation mini- their assistance will not be given to to the security and stability of Af• summit on South-South co• countries that have no plans to rican nations. operation held in Kuala Lumpur. introduce democracy and a multi• In addition, the African countries party system. According to the Unity and Self-reliance were the first of the third world fourth Lome Agreement, the Eu• countries to call for a small-scale ropean Community is to give a In order to overcome their unfa• summit to discuss North-South total of US$10 per capita in.aid vourable position in the interna• co-operation. Some pressing issues to African, Caribbean and Pacific tional arena, African nations have they want to discuss include for• countries within five years. How• been studying their policies and eign debt, shortages of capital and ever, according to a plan, the Eu• looking at reform. Many have the price of raw materials. ropean Community will provide been scrutinizing their economic For the African continent, now US$60 per capita in aid to two adjustment plans. This has result• sitting at a crossroads, the future East European countries that ed in finance ministers from var• promises many challenges and op• have highly developed economies. ious African countries devising a portunities mixed with difficul• Hardly any private capital is now developing strategy called the Af• ties. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 INTERNATIONAL

Saudi Arabia Strides Into the Future

by Chang Qing

etroleum, a mainstay of Sau• plans between 1970 and 1990, Sau• In foreign affairs, Saudi Arabia di Arabia's national econo• di Arabia has established a mod• believes countries should act on P my, has made the Islamic ern industrial system based on pe• mutual respect, good neighbourli• nation a modern economic power troleum, natural gas and petro• ness and non-interference in each with an annual per capita income chemical industries as well as other's internal affairs, and should of US$18,000. The Saudi govern• metallurgy, cement, machinery, co-operate to bring about stability ment has steadfastly pursued electricity, desalination of sea wat• and prosperity. Saudi Arabia has a policy of neutrality, non- er and car assembly. always been supportive of the just alignment and peace. And this By the end of last year, Saudi struggle of the Palestinian people policy has been successful. Arabia claimed to have a proven and opposes Israel's policy of ag• Saudi Arabia, situated in the reserve of 255 billion barrels of gression. It seeks a fair and com• middle of the Arabian Peniasula, oil, accounting for 25.46 percent prehensive solution to the Middle drilled its first oil well in 1938. of the world's total. In the same East issue through an internation• The discovery of oil resources year the kingdom registered an av• al conference and stresses the need promoted Saudi economic devel• erage daily petroleum output of for closer unity and co-operation opment. With the accumulation 4.94 million barrels and received among the Islamic, Arab and Gulf of petroleum dollars the economic US$30 billion from petroleum ex• countries. Saudi Arabia's foreign structure, which used to be based ports. policy has been widely appreciated on agriculture and commerce, has While promoting petroleum in the international community. gradually modernized. Prior to production, Saudi Arabia also 1960, the kingdom had only one China and Saudi Arabia be• wants to keep its economy bal• gan their non-governmental di• oil refinery and no petrochemical anced — a key to the country's factories, and had to import petro• rect commercial exchanges as ear• strategy for continued prosperity. ly as the 1950s. leum products to meet its domestic With the establishment of its 13 needs. But since then, the country petrochemical factories and major In recent years exchanges of has set up several oil refineries, oil refineries in Riyadh, Jidda and economic delegations and business established basic industries and Yanbu al Bahr the output of petro• personnel have increased, thus built 13 major petrochemical fac• chemical products has steadily in• greatly promoting bilateral trade. tories. Sanitation, education and creased, from 2.782 million tons in In 1987, the China Council for the welfare services have also been de• 1986 to 9.766 million tons in 1987 Promotion of International Trade veloped. and 11.25 million tons in 1988. established contacts with Saudi Arabia's Chambers of Commerce With the energy crisis of the Saudi Arabia has achieved even and Industry. In November 1988, 1970s, oil prices skyrocketed. The more outstanding success in agri• the two countries decided to set up sharp increase in petroleum dol• culture over the past 10 years. The offices of trade representatives in lars, however, further promoted planting area for wheat has in• each other's capital. Last Decem• the development of the oil indus• creased to 2.5 million hectares try and other capital construction from 150,000 hectares and grain ber, a high-ranking economic projects, laying down a solid foun• output increased to 3.9 million and trade delegation from China dation for Saudi Arabia's econo• tons in 1989 from about 3,000 tons toured Saudi Arabia. Transactions mic modernization. in 1975. Of that, wheat output in• worth US$30 million were the re• creased by 95 percent. Its export sult of the first Chinese export Today, Saudi Arabia boasts commodities fair in Riyadh. many major projects such as a volume of wheat ranks sixth in the 95,350-lcilometre-long road net• world. Saudi Arabia is not only Recent years have witnessed an work, the only railway system on self-sufficient in food staples, but increase in contacts between high- the Arabian Peninsula and the has also started to export veget• ranking officials of the two gov• largest airport — the King Khaled ables, poultry, eggs and milk prod• ernments. Now, with the esta• Airport which occupies 226 square ucts. Dates are also exported. As a blishment of diplomatic relations, kilometres. There is an efficient result of the successful plan to div• China and Saudi Arabia have real• postal service system and an adv• ersify the economy, the income ized the aspirations of their peo• anced telecommunications net• of non-petroleum sectors has sur• ples and opened a new chapter in work. Through its four five-year passed that of oil. their relations. •

10 BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,19M CHINA

The Opening of Jinan Qty The State Council approved the incorporation of Jinan City, Shandong Province, into the Open Coastal Economic Area on the Shandong Peninsula. To acquaint our readers with the background behind this move, our correspondent Lu Yun recently interviewed the mayor of Jinan, Di Yongbo. The following are his answers to Lu's questions.—Ed.

Question: Could yoii please tell us bruary 19 this year, Fujian Province, the about Jinan's incorporation into the State Council opening and devel• the Economic Open Coastal Area? approved Jinan Ci• opment of Pudong Answer: Since its opening up to ty's inclusion in in Shanghai, and the the outside world, China has set the Economic Open revision of the Law up many open areas such as spe• Coastal Area. This of the People's Re• cial economic zones and open move is one of sev• public of China coastal areas and cities. As ear• eral important mea• on Chinese-Foreign ly as 1984, Qingdao and Yan- sures taken by Joint Ventures.) It tai, both located on the Shan• China to expand V shows China's con• dong Peninsula, became two of economic co• tinued effort to im• the 14 coastal cities designated to operation with var• plement its open pol• open to foreign investment and ious countries and Dl Yongbo icy and improve the trade. Four years later, Zibo, regions. (Other steps include the geographic layout of the penin• Weifang, Laizhou, Weihai and establishment of the new invest• sula's open area. ment and development zones in Rizhao in Shandong, together Q: What favourable conditions with Qingdao and Yantai, be• are there in regard to Jinan's came part of the Shandong Pen• opening to the outside world? insula open area and, on Fe• A: Jinan began to implement a strategy for the development of an export-oriented coastal econo• my two years ago. During this period, as the necessary agencies were set, the city's foreign trade and economic co-operation has gradually expanded. The value of goods supplied for export hit some 900 million yuan last year or 6 percent of the city's industri• al and agricultural output val• ue. Some 60 Sino-foreign equity joint ventures and co-operative and solely foreign-owned enter• prises have been set up in the city. Currently, 25 are in opera• tion. Jinan has a good geographical

BEUING BEVI£W, AUGUST t-12,19M 11 CHINA and technological research insti• tutes staffed by 190,000 techni• cal personnel. Therefore, Jinan boasts a good scientific and tech• nological force, backed by a good cultural foundation. Q: What's the situation in Jinan since it opened its doors to the outside world? A: The officials and populace in Jinan are optimistic. In the first half of this year, the value of goods supplied for export to• talled 550 million yuan or 53 percent of the planned figure and 21.7 percent higher than the corresponding period of the pre• vious year. Also, in the first half of this year, Jinan approved 58 projects which used foreign in• The colooi TV prodaction line at the Shandong TV Factory. vestment. The total investment location, plentiful mineral re• tions and transportation hub was 3.3 times more than the pro• sources and a solid industrial (rail, highway and aviation) of ceeding year. Of the total in• foundation. The capital city of Shandong. The city now has vestment, foreign investment Shandong Province, Jinan lies in a new 15,000-line programme- amounted to US$33.34 million, the central western part of the controlled telephone exchange, an increase of 87 percent. The Shandong Peninsula and is sand• Asia's longest highway bridge number of projects using Taiwan wiched between the economic over the Huanghe and inner-city investment has also been on the zones of east China and north roads which total 934 km in increase. Foreign investment China. One of China's 16 cen• length. flows mostly into production tral cities, it exercises jurisdic• Jinan is one of China's most projects, including some technol• tion over five prefectures and important industrial bases and ogically advahced ones. five countffes and has a total area is particularly advanced in such In the first half of this year, 22 of 8,257 square km and a popu• fields as machinery, paper mak• foreign-funded enterprises were lation of 5.13 million, including ing, chemical, textile, metallurg• approved for Jinan, increasing 2.28 million living in the urban ical, food processing, electron• the number of foreign-funded areas. Lying at the foot of the ics and articles for daily use. It enterprises to 33. To support world's famous Taishan Moun• boasts a considerable scale of their development, banks provid• tain to the south and sitting as• production of building mater• ed 16 million yuan of loans and tride the Huanghe (Yellow) Riv• ials, medicine and industrial art more than 70 Chinese managers er (known as the cradle of the works. The city has some 1,750 were trained. Some of the ven• Chinese nation), Jinan was first industrial enterprises, the output tures' problems werfgSplved. The settled some 2,600 years ago and value of which totalled 19.9 bil• output value, expori folume and has been Shandong's economic, lion yuan last year. They prod• export earnings of these foreign- scientific and technological, cul• uce some 3,900 varieties of funded enterprises were 57 per• tural- and political centre since goods, 640 of which have been cent, 149 percent and 127 per• the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). granted > quality-product titles cent respectively over the corres• Jinan abounds in grain, ve• and 391 of which are exported to ponding period of the previous getables, fruit, aquatic products, more than 120 countries and re• year. Moreover, those which op• economic crops and medicinal gions. In the last ten years, Jinan erated in the red are in better herbs. It is also rich in such has attracted 358 foreign projects shape when compared to the first mineral ores as iron, cobalt, cop• designed to speed up technical quarter of the year. per, coal, hard clay, limestone, improvements in local enter• With the improvement of the dolomite, granite and gabbro. prises. investment environment, many The city's key geographical lo• Jinan has 16 schools of higher projects have already begun and cation makes it the communica• learning and some 200 scientific are in full swing. For example.

12 BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,19»€ CHINA ecological work is well under priority with regard to the supply trade; and speed up the develop• way and tree planting and land• of water, electricity, gas, steam ment of tourism, export of la• scaping are going well. Also, in a and raw and processed materials, bour and contract of overseas bid to improve communications, communications, transportation, projects. Local scenic and histo• Jinan began construction of a land and construction resources. ric sites will be renovated. belt-road on May 19 and an in• These preferences include the ex• Foreign-funded enterprises will augural ceremony for the Jinan- emption or reduction of an as• be given a free hand in manage• ment and allowed to conduct Qingdao Highway was held on sortment of taxes. Many depart• their businesses based on inter• July 3. In addition, the state has ments work together to increase national practice. Help will be approved the construction of a work efficiency and make it con• available to them in times of dif• chartered airplane service from venient for foreign businessmen ficulties. Existing equipment and Jinan to Hong Kong and pre• and businessmen from Hong factories will be provided as the paration for the installation of Kong and Macao to successfully Chinese investment. Foreign cap• "blind-landing" equipment at the complete business talks, sign let• ital, advanced technology and Zhangzhuang Airport is in full ters of intent and quickly get managerial expertise will be used swing. The second-phase project business licences. Assistance is to facilitate the renovation of old to divert Huanghe River water to given to help those already in enterprises. the city is now well under way. operation solve problems in con• —Speed up construction of The government has promulgat• struction and production. They the Yaoqian Airport. There are ed rules and regulations, as well also provide consultation on such plans to complete construction of as preferential policies, to attract matters as law, policy, account• the runways before the end of foreign investment and to en• ing, auditing and foreign trade. the year. Construction of auxi• courage an export-oriented econ• liary facilities of the Zhang• omy. Projects involving foreign Q: What important measures will zhuang Airport will be moved investment and investment from the Jinan municipal government foreward so that chartered air service to Hong Kong will soon Hong Kong and Macao enjoy take in the future in regards to its be possible. Channel more sup• opening to the outside port into the construction of the Frodoction line at Jinan Qnanren Cotton Textiles world? Jinan-Qingdao Highway and im• Co., a Slno-foreign joint venture. prove inner-city traffic. Add 28,- A: The government 000 lines of programme con• has the following trolled telephones this year and plans: 27,000 lines next year. Quicken —The basic policy construction of the water supply recognizes the im•projects and improve the soft in• portance of opening vestment environment by adopt• to the outside world ing more flexible policies. and so, support will —Set up special economic and be given to all pro• technological development zones jects favourable to and high-tech experimental foreign trade. Efforts areas. Efforts have begun to se• will be made to catch lect sites, develop plans and car• up with those areas ry out feasibility studies. which opened them• Generally, there is a great po• selves up to the out• tential in Jinan which, once side world earlier. tapped, will greatly expand its foreign trade. We'll continue to —Increase produc• make every effort to create a bet• tion and export of ter investment environment for products with a ready foreign businessmen. As a new market abroad; devel• open city, Jinan warmly wel• op production bases comes businessmen from all over and enterprises the world, including those from groups which inte• Hong Kong and Macao, to enter grate industry with into co-operative economic and commerce, agricul• trade projects. We welcome ture with commerce, friends from all over the world to technology with come and visit. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-11,1990 13 CHINA

Dif f iculties Spurs Entrepreneurs On

by Our Staff Reporter Lu Yun fTflhe people of east China's than the nation's average of 2.2 annual growth in factory profit I coastal province of Shan- percent. and 18,000 yuan in annual per- dong do not take tempor• In the Shandong Peninsula capita profit and taxes. After ary economic difficulties lying Open Zone, there are many as• fulfilling the Polaris Group con• down. They have managed to ex• tute and capable entrepreneurs tract last year, each factory di• tricate some industries from fin• who, each in his or her own way, rector was entitled to 3,000-4,000 ancial straits and turn their bus• have successfully confronted the yuan in bonuses and an extra iness around. In the first half of grim economic situation and dividend on the mortgage of this year, the province's total in• challenge of the world market, their own properties, but Zhu dustrial output value registered adapting their enterprises to the suggested that they take a small• a 7.7 percent increase over the changed business climate. Their er percentage of the bonuses in same period last year, and the order to narrow the income gap enterprises are now able to prov• between themselves and the area's growth rate was higher ide quality products and services. workers. Working conditions at the fac• Zhu Xiangmiao—a Man Who Defies Every Difficulty tory's sintering workshop are rough. In mid-summer, despite hu Xiangmiao, director of annual output. Following this, the high temperature, Zhu and the Yantai Ruby Factory the factory also found markets other cadres took turns working Z which employs only 370 for its rubies in Thailand, In• alongside the workers in the shop people, is a stalwart Shandong dia, Singapore and Japan. Fac• native. When he took on his post tory production picked up. The and, in winter, realizing that the in September 1987, he found the total work force rose to 500. The factory was running out of coal, factory like a boat stranded in factory's economic returns and he instructed that office heating the harbour. As a member of the per-capita income also rose. Last be shut off in order that heat to Polaris Clock and Watch Group year, its foreign exchange ear• the workshops continue. Such ac• Co., the factory was stymied in nings amounted to US$210,000 tions, of course, give a boost to its attempt to grow; its products, and, in the first half of this year, the morale of the workers and artificial rubies, went unsold be• the sum had already reached so they are willing to contribute cause of plummeting prices of US$195,000. more to the factory. the group's wristwatches. Zhu, 35, formerly a worker, The workers and technicians Zhu did not believe that there previously served as secretary of joined forces to improve the sin• was no market for his factory's the Communist Youth League tering technology and renovate artificial ruby: it was pure, of committee and workshop head at the old equipment, reducing good quality and reasonable in a Yantai wristwatch factory. Af• electrical consumption from the price. He decided to make an at• ter he took the post of director of advanced provincial level of 1,180 tempt to enter the world market the ruby factory, he made it a kwh for each kg of artificial ru• and wrote to many Hong Kong point to always keep the workers' bies produced to 888 kwh and businesses to inquire whether interest in mind and to act fair• lowering the overall cost of prod• there was any interest on their ly. His methods have brought re• uction by 9.2 percent. The facto• part in his factory's products. He sults. The factory signed a three- ry's product twice won award for got a quick response. A Hong year contract with the Polaris quality, making it the only enter• Kong jeweller agreed to import 3 Group which it fulfilled in only prise in the nation's gem trade to tons of rubies from his factory, two years. In recent years, there acquire a quality product certifi• about one-third of the factory's has been an average 60 percent cate.

14 BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 4-12,1990 CHINA ter Jiang took office, how• ever, she decided to devel• Jiang Shuqing—An Energetic and Meticulous Director op new designs. At the iang Shuqing, 60, a county. time, though, the factory former resident of the Jiang's friends said her had no trained designers, J countryside, is now di• success lies, despite her she took the lead to leiani rector of the Haiyang Arts bold and unrestrained per• design' techniques on her and Crafts Factory. In the sonality, in her meticulous own one or two hours each first five months of this work style. She did not day. She also tried her best year, the factory yielded 27 attend school consistently to collect ^11 sorts of de• million yuan in output val• when she was young, but signs, including stamps, ue and 2.5 million yuan in she has an excellent memo• wrapping papers for sweets profits and taxes, the most ry. She remedibers all the and students' textbooks, profitable enterprise' in important data about her and consult veteran folk ar• Haiyang County. factory, including the size tists and professional desig• Jiang, who is a frank and and floorspace of the facto• ners. Two years later, she outspoken country woman, ry buildings. had essentially mastered is one of Shandong Prov• In August 1970, Jiang, the skill of drawing and ince's top ten model women then head of a kindergarten mixing colours; she organ• entrepreneurs and a winner in Haiyang County, was ized the design of more of the national May 1 La• transferred to the Artistic than 50 new samples which bour Medal. Jiang was Woven Ware Factory to brought in 1.3 million yuan quite the tom-boy in her take on the job of deputy worth of orders at a Guang• childhood, daring to swim director. The factory, with zhou export commodities in the sea and climb trees, a little more than 70 em• fair. activities not common for ployees and less than 200,- Jiang later sent five em• Chinese girls. She became 000 yuan in fixed assets, ployees to study at an art the head of the Anti- could only produce corn- college and dispatched sev• Japanese Children's Corps skin woven baskets, cush• en technicians to study in her village when she was ions and carpets and, be• abroad. These efforts have only 11 and joined the Com• cause of the simple and greatly improved the facto• munist Party at the age of outdated product design, ry's products. Not satisfied 15. At 17, she was elected to could only secure business with her success, Jiang con• take charge of women af• deals valued at 200,000 tinued to take every oppor• fairs in her village; she yuan at the Guangzhou Ex• tunity to learn the latest fa• was a model worker in her port Commodities Fair. Af- shions in foreign countries by which she and her col• leagues were able to devel• op one exquisite design af• ter another. When she was appointed director of the factory in the early 1980s, she was able to guide the workers in sample produc• tion based on her own ideas. After she returned from a visit to Ja^an in 1984, she designed, 14 new samples to cater to the tastes of the Japanese con• sumer for light coloured and deUcate styles. When she learned from a Hong Kong businessman that Americans consider the owl Phoivs by LU YUN as an symbol of wisdom Jiang Shnqlng discnsses basket weaving techniqaes with yonng technicians. and good luck, she imme-

BELimG REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 IS CHINA diately produced cushions with tation to the world market, Jiang technical training. Only 107 days an owl pattern. The cushions, all began to attract overseas funds to complete an 18,000-square exported to the United States and import equipment and tech• metre factory building. The Cas• via Hong Kong, earned 400,000 nology in 1986. As of now, the es and Bags Co., managed jointly yuan. factory has added three new pro• by the Haiyang factory and a Jiang often asks visiting for• jects—hand bags, embroidered Japanese business, formally be• eign business people to offer cri• products and cotton thread car• gan operation in March last ticisms and suggestions and pet—with a total investment of 5 year; all the hand bags produced sends people on fact-finding million yuan. Jiang has played a are exported to Japan. This pro• tours in Japan, France, Italy, decisive role in the design and ject alone is expected to yield 2 Australia, the United States and construction of these projects, in million yuan in profit by the end Canada. The factory now has the installation of machines and of this year. some 8,000 designs. Jiang's own 800 designs have brought in more than 10 million yuan. A Yi Weili: A Keen Sense of Competition carpet, chiefly designed by Jiang, lightly built, delicate in ap• caused by the noise of machines captured a prize at a national pearance and grey hair to human body, but also devel• competition of arts and crafts. S about his temples, Yi WeUi, oped a method of examining the Jiang's care in her work is also 48, a machine tool manufactur• internal quality of machine tools clear in the close attention she ing expert, is currently factory through diagnosing different pays to product quality and to director and chief engineer of the noises. He has also ascended his the punctual delivery of goods. Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Plant. study of the reduction of the She has introduced an all-round He is. also a national model sound pressure to the level of quality control system in her fac• worker. acoustic fidelity. His achieve• tory and strengthened technical Yi graduated from the me• ments in the field earned him the instruction and quality examina• chanical department of Xian Jia- first-class prize for technological tion of products processed out• otong University in 1964. In progress by the Ministry of the side her factory. This ensures 1978, he independently designed Machine-Building Industry. His that. 100 percent of the factory's three special machine tools and, paper won the prize for technol• products are up to standard of in 1979, was placed in charge of ogical results by the ministry. In quality expected from her facto• technical work for the produc• co-operation with his colleagues, ry. Such care has brought results. tion of machine tools in co• he invented a noise positioner The factory's corn-skin products operation with a Japanese busi• of the machine tool gear. These series won a silver cup, the top ness at the plant. In just three achievements of advanced world reward for woven articles, at the months, nearly 10,000 com• level were rated a symbol of the 4th National Arts and Crafts ponents and parts in 1,600 varie• "creative spirit of worldwide sig• Competition. Her Japanese and ties were processed, and the trial- nificance" by foreign experts. American clients say that Hai- manufacture of the high-speed, To keep abreast of the struc• yang's woven products are better precision MAZAK machine was tural readjustment to the world than any other sample they've also completed one month ahead machine tool industry, Yi put examined. To date, Haiyang fac• of schedule. The work was called forward in 1984 the suggestion tory's products are sold in 56 a "miracle " by the Japanese ex• that the factory make three countries and regions throughout perts involved. During a bleak changes—change from low- the world, sales which the fac• period on the international quality products to high- tory has delivered on time for machine tool market in the precision and highly efficient many years. If an order comes in 1980s, Yi overcame four techni• numericale-controlled machine for a rush job, Jiang always di• cal problems, making the quality tools, change from the machine rectly supervises the work, put• of his factory's products surpass tool series to machining centres, ting in her time alongside the Japanese standard. As a result, and change from a focus on workers day and night. One time, the Japanese side suggested that the domestic to the internation• when a special circumstance the product be exempt from cus• al market. He implemented the arose, she and her colleagues toms inspection. technical renovation project de• helped an import and export In the course of manufactur• signed by Japanese experts, company complete the tasks ing the MAZAK machine, Yi which enhanced the factory's which other factories were un• also devoted himself to the study production and the quality of its able to do. of modern machine tool theories. products to the world level. In To improve her factory's adap• He not only studied the harm co-operation with technicians

16 BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 CHINA

foreign exchange earned through exports, product quality, the amount of profits and foreign ex• change earned by each em• ployee. Yi is known for his abili• ty to handle affairs in a de• cisive way, for his conscien• tious work and for his ef• ficiency. In enterprise man• agement, he is concerned for* the lives of his em• ployees. They, consequent• ly, "value the prosperity of the plant as highly as their own honour and feel its decline with a sense of shame." When the plant en• countered its most difficult Yi Weill explains to visitors how his factory's machine tools are distribnted and exported. time last year, many work• ers and staff members, from Japan, the Federal the factory's foreign ex• on. their own initiative, Republic of Germany and change earned through the worked extra hours. the United States, he de• export of its products to• Yi knows very well that signed and produced talled US$4.17 million. In the competition on the in• two numerical-controlled 1989, the year China faced ternational market is a machine tools and one the grim task of improving competition of quality, machining centre. With an the economic environment price, after-sales service eye to jointly developing and rectifying the econo• and date of delivery. With new products, he went to mic order, the 8,000 work• regard to product quality, the United States in 1988 ers and staff members of apart from implementing and, in accordance with a the plant under Yi's lead• international standards, the request of US experts, he ership scored their best re• plant has formulated its presented a design plan for sults in production and own internal standards the MJ-50CNC numerical- management since the (tougher than those de• controlled machine tool founding of the plant 40 manded internationally), within seven days. He was years earlier. They had an and established seven qual• known as the "resourceful output valued at 150 mil• ity guarantee systems. At Chinese." The products, lion yuan, handed in 31.29 the same time, the plant is meanwhile, began to enjoy million yuan in profit and beefing up its training of brisk sales on the world tax to the state and earned qualified personnel to im• market. US$10.02 million through prove after-sales service for In June 1988, Yi was the export of products, foreign customers. promoted to factory direc• showing increases of 25 This year, the plant plans tor after holding the posi• percent, 4.5 percent and to yield 165 million yuan in tion of deputy director for 140 percent respectively its total output value seven years. Sun Baojun, over the previous year. The and earn US$23 million the former director, had factory's products found through exports. It will managed to bring the their way to the United thus fulfil its plan to ex• plant's output value, profit, States, Japan, Australia, port two-thirds.of its prod• and foreign exchange earn• the Federal Republic of ucts ten years ahead of ings up by an average rate Germany, Italy and Cana• schedule. Not surprisingly, of 30 percent a year since da. It leads all the en• Yi is optimistic that the China introduced the poli• terprises in the country's factory's difficult annual cy of reform and opening machine tool industry in plan will also be fulfilled up. In 1988, the amount of output value, amount of smoothly. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 17 CHINA

Utilizing the Resources of the Yellow River

by Our Staff Reporter Li Rongxia After 40 years of effort to bring the once intractable Yellow River, China's second longest, under control, the North China Plain is now a promised land. But some sections of the river have been polluted and need to be cleaned up at once.—Ed.

eople in the lower reaches regions irrigated by the Yellow grain output reached a record of the Huanghe River of• River, diverted 12.3 billion cu• high of 11.32 million tons, 14.12 Pten say, "A good harvest bic metres of water into the percent more than in 1988. The Yellow River, the leading depends on Yellow River wat• fields during the year. The re• water resource of northwest and er." The dry year of 1989 prov• sult was a bumper harvest. Sta• north China, has an average an• ides one example. Shandong tistics released by five prefec• nual flow of 57.4 billion cubic Province, the largest among tures and cities located along metres, 40 percent of the total in nine provinces and autonomous the river indicate that the total the water system of north China (the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and the Haihe River). Such a rich water resource has the potential to provide annual• ly some 117 billion kwh of elec• tricity. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, however, the water re• sources of the Yellow River could not be tapped. The river brought a large amount of silt to the riverbed in the lower reaches and, when dykes burst, many fields were inundated, leav• ing houses destroyed, people drowned and thousands upon thousands of others homeless. The Yellow River was difficult to harness and the rulers of feu• dal dynasties saw no way to solve the problem. After liberation, the people's government began to study how best to use the Yellow River by eliminating the problems and u BEUING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-11,199t CHINA building up water conservancy teed because most diversion gated areas in the two basins facilities. Forty years of effort works were simple and crude. have gone up from 40,000 hec• have paid off. As of now, eight Since 1949, in addition to re• tares in 1949 to about 1.5 mil• big hydroelectric power projects building the old channel sys• lion hectares. including Longyangxia, Luijiax- tems, two large irrigation pro• Water diversion works have ia, Yanguoxia, Bapanxia, Qing- jects at Qingtongxia and San• developed rapidly in the lower tongxia, Sanshenggong, Tian- shenggong have been completed. reaches of the Yellow River. qiao and Sanmenxia have been As a result, the irrigated area Diverting Yellow River wat• completed, in addition to the has increased from 330,000 hec• er into the fields of the lower many water conservancy facili• tares to more than 1 million hec• reaches began in 1952 with the ties on the river's tributaries. In tares. At present, the grain out• completion of the Renmin Shen- the Yellow River valley, there put of the area irrigated by the gliqu (People's Victory Ditch) are now 174 large and medium- Yellow River water amounts to in Wuzhi County, Henan Prov• sized reservoirs with a total wat• 70 percent of the total in the ince. This irrigation ditch, er storage capacity of 31.5 bil• Ningxia Hui Autonomous Re• which can divert 50 cufeic lion cubic metres; 80 hydroelec• metres of Yellow River water gion; the irrigated area has thus per second and cover an irrigat• tric power stations with a total become the region's commodity ed area of 40,000 hectares in six generating capacity of 3.5 mil• grain base. The supply of grain counties and cities, was a good lion kw; and a total of 5.33 mil• in the Inner MongoUan Auton• example of how to divert the lion hectares of fields brought omous Region comes mainly Yellow River. under irrigation. from farmland irrigated with Since then, work has pro• the Huanghe River water. gressed rapidly. Currently, there Channel Water to the Fields Both the Fenhe River and are 76 culvert gates, 55 siphon Weihe River basins are the ear• projects and 68 pumping sta• The fields irrigated with the liest irrigated areas in China. tions which cover an irrigated Yellow River water are main• For the past 40 years, the local area of more than 2 million hec• ly in the Hetao Plain (in In• governments have built more tares. Shandong Province, for ner Mongolia and Ningxia), the than 30 big and medium-sized example, has built 14 large irri• Fenhe River and Weihe River reservoirs, some 40 irrigated gation areas totalling some 1.33 (tributaries of the Yellow Riv• areas each covering 3,000 hec• million hectares, about one- er in Shanxi and Shaanxi prov• tares, and three large areas of fourth of the total irrigated area inces) basins and the lower irrigation—the Baojixia Weihe in the Yellow River valley. reaches of the Yellow River. River Irrigated Area, the Dong- These diversion works have Although diverting Yellow fanghong Irrigated Area and the not only brought great advances River water into the fields of the Jinghe River People's Irrigated to farm production in the lower Hetao Plain is nothing new, the Area—each with more than reaches of the Yellow River but supply of water was not guaran• 70,000 hectares. The total irri• also transformed many sandy wastelands and saline-alkali The Taoqnpo Reservoir located on the middle reaches ol the Yellow River. lands into high-yield wheat and rice fields. The entire irrigation area along the Yellow River and its tributaries have reaped bum• per harvests for ten years run• ning despite the dry weather conditions. The residents of Yuanwu Town of Yuanyang County in Henan Province, for instance, located in a saline-alkali area, previously lived in dire poverty. Since 1980, the town has devot• ed major effort to developing diversion works, efforts which have brought a sharp increase in grain output for seven years

BEUING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 19 tions have boosted the share of hydroelectric power in the to• tal power supply in Gansu and Ningxia to 70 percent and 50 percent respectively. They have played an important role in forming the petrochemical and metallurgical industrial bases in Lanzhou and in developing high-lift pumping stations along the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The Yellow River valley is rich in nonferrous metal re• sources such as aluminium ore, copper ore and antimony ore, which are vital to developing the national economy. The installed electrical gener• The Mangshan pmnping station sopplies Zhengzhoa with water enoagh to meet SO ating capacity of the entire Yel• percent of its hoasehold use. low River valley may reach 28 running. with an installed capacity of 3.5 million kw. So far, however, The northwestern region of million kw have been complet• only 15 percent of this capacity Shandong Province, the prov• ed. Their yearly electric output is available. ince's poorest area, has also amounts to 18 billion kwh, or 50 achieved good results in trans• percent of the total generated by Water for Urban Areas forming saline, alkali and low- all of nerthwest China's power In summer 1989, when the re• lying lands with diversion grids, three times greater than servoirs in Qingdao, Shandong works. The total area of low the national total in 1949. In Province dried up, the Dagu fertility land has dropped from addition, .preparations for the River went dry and the level 802,000 to 266,000 hectares and construction of the large Laxiwa of groundwater dropped, all of the region is now an impor• and Lijiaxia hydroelectric pow• Qingdao faced the prospect of a tant grain production base in er stations are now under way. cutoff of the water supply. At the province. Of the eight completed sta• the critical time, the project of tions, the Sanmenxia and the diverting Yellow River water to Hydroelectric Power Liujiaxia are the biggest. The Qingdao was completed and a Sanmenxia Hydroelectric Power daily water supply of 200,000 The water resources of the Station, construction for which tons (exceeding the original dai• Yellow River valley account for began in 1957 and which went ly supply) was made available in two-thirds of the total available into operation in 1973, is an im• November. The supply brought for development in the nine nor• portant part of the Central Plain about a great advance in Qing- thwest and north China prov• power grid. Construction of the dao's industrial production. inces and autonomous regions. Liujiaxia Hydroelectric Power The diversion project chan• It is also an important national Station began in 1958 and nels water to four cities and pre• energy resource of hydroelectric electrical generation in 1969. A fectures and ten counties, most power mainly developed on the high volume of electricity, using of which are coastal saltwater middle and upper reaches of the 220,000-volt and 330,000-volt and land-locked high fluorine Yellow River. lines, is supplied to Lanzhou, regions. Years of drought in The large-scale construction Tianshui, Xining and Guan- some areas resulted in an insuf• of hydroelectric power projects zhong, giving strong support to ficient supply of water for peo• began in 1955 in accordance their industrial and agricultural ple and animals. The completion with a Yellow River comprehen• production. of the project has not only eased sive utilization plan. As of now, The Liujiaxia, Yanguoxia, Ba- the water crisis in Qingdao, eight large and medium-sized panxia, Qingtongxia and Longy- but also offered clean water for hydroelectric power stations angxia hydroelectric power sta• 710,000 people and provided an

20 BEIJING BEVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 CHINA irrigation resource for other in the months of July, August in farm production is a prime areas. and September, so a large reason for water pollution. In addition, many towns amount of rain water cannot be Water pollution has greatly along the Yellow River have effectively utilized. damaged the ecological balance. successfully met their water In areas of drought along the The Lanzhou section of the Yel• needs for industrial and house• Yellow River valley, the irrigat• low River originally had 18 hold use by means of the Yellow ed land accounts for some 35 kinds of fish shoals, but eight River. For instance, of Kaifeng's percent of the total acreage, are now extinct. Rare Luohe daily demand for 260,000 tons River carps and Yihe River much lower than the nation's of water, 250,000 tons are from triangular breams in the Henan the Yellow River. Also, water average level of 48.5 percent. In section have also disappeared. for oil refining and household order to meet the needs of farm The control of pollution and use in the Shengli Oilfield de• production, the pends on the Yellow River and, water storage pro• since 1980, the Shengli Oilfield jects and diver• has been supplied annually with sion works will 200-300 million cubic metres. In remain important Tianjin, between 1972 and 1982, tasks in the Yellow there were often water crises, a River valley. situation which has been alle• There are also viated. Kenan's Renmin Shen- man-made prob• gliqu (People's Victory Ditch) lems. Owing to and Shandong's Weishan and some shortcomings Panzhuang diversion projects in project designs have supplied a total 1.8 billion and to poor man• cubic metres of water and have, agement, waste of thus, played a great role in water resources bringing a secure life to the peo• has become very ple and guaranteeing industrial serious. In some ir• production. rigated areas, the per-hectare de• Pollution Ck)ntrol mand for water The Yellow Rivei cats thioagh the Tengger Desert. amounts to some Although the Yellow River is 1,500 cubic metres. In other protection of water resources the most important water source areas, the demand for water have thus become important in northwest and north China, for industrial use has increased its annual flow is only one- tasks. sharply. The demand for water The large-scale harnessing of twentieth of the Yangtze River. for Taiyuan industries in 1978, It ranks fourth among China's the Yellow River has been ham• for example, was 59 times grea• seven big rivers and amounts to pered by the shortage of funds. only 2.2 percent of the rivers' ter than in 1950. According to statistics of the total flow volume. Starting from Each year, because of the de• Yellow River Administrative Henan Province's Huayuankou velopment of industrial and Committee, the state's annual all the way up to areas within agricultural production and the investment in recent years was continuing increase in the urban the Yellow River valley, the per- only 160 million yuan, enough capita and per-hectare shares of population, some 1.8 billion cu• bic metres of foul water, 82 only to meet the demand of the water are 800 cubic metres and Henan section of the river. Giv• 4,500 cubic metres respectively, percent from enterprises, has 29 percent and 18 percent of the drained into Xixe Yellow River en the present economic diffi• nation's average. It is thus clear and its tributaries. The result is culties, it is necessary to pool that the Yellow River valley is serious pollution. Lanzhou, Tai• more money from all walks of not abundant in water surface yuan and Xian are unfortunate life. It's clear, however, that un• resources. Moreover, most re• examples. Polluted water made der whatever circumstances, the gions in the Yellow ELiver valley up 36.8 percent of the total efforts by China to harness the are arid and, because 60-70 per• drained from the area. The ex• Yellow River will continue for a cent of annual precipitation fall tensive utilization of chemicals long time to come. •

If BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST <-12,1990 BUSINESS/TRADE

Sino-Soviet Trade on Steady Course Sino-Soviet trade has been de• Swiss francs worth of soybeans, to the end of 1989, China and the veloping rapidly in recent years corn and peanuts as well as a big Soviet Union have signed 95 along with normalization in the volume of light industrial and labour-service contracts and 44 relations between the two coun• textile products. For recent joint investment contracts totall• tries. Total trade volume reached years, China's top quality mach• ing US$240 million in value. 4.83 billion Swiss'francs in 1989. inery, hand tools, automobile Currently China's Ministry of This represents an increase of 18 storage batteries, bearings and Commerce and All-China Feder• percent over that in 1988, and is spare parts for automobiles and ation of Supply and Marketing expected'to growfey a big margin railway freight cars also have en• Co-operatives have resumed ex• this year. Thus the total for the tered Soviet markets. change services in consumer five years from 1986 to 1990 The two countries' border goods, while China's Ministry of will amount to 22 billion Swiss trade and local trade have in• Agriculture has undertaken co• francs, or double that for the de• creased in recent years. In 1983, operation in fishery and aquatic cade of the 1970s, according to the border trade of Heilongjiang products industries, with their official sources from the Minis• Province and the Inner Mongo• Soviet counterparts. try of Foreign Economic Rela• lia Autonomous Region only Re• Among the economic and tions and Trade. gistered 22 million Swiss francs technological co-operative agree• At present the Soviet Union, in value. However, up to 1988, ments signed by the two govern• as China's trade partner, occu• the total combined trade volume ments, there are 33 items which pies a position only next to Hong to the USSR, of the two prov• relate to building and transform• Kong, Macao, Japan, the United inces of Heilongjiang and Jilin ing Chinese industry. Of these, States and the Federal Republic and two autonomous regions of 13 items for which the conditions of Germany. Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia are inadequate will be changed The two countries exchanged had surpassed 800 million of commodities in accordance with or cancelled, while contracts on mutual needs and the capacity Swiss francs in value. 12 other items have been of both sides. Raw materials and In addition, China's Liaoning signed, including two 500,000V primary products account for 50 and Shandong provinces as well transformer-transmission lines, percent of the exported goods of as some cities in inner region the Harbin Flax Plant in Hei• both sides, while the remainder have established local economic longjiang Province, the No. 3 are light industrial and textile trade relations with some Soviet Blast Furnace of the Wuhan Iron products, machinery and elec• cities. In 1989, their trade vol• and Steel Co., Hubei Province, tronic products. ume recorded 8 million Swiss the No. 11 Blast Furnace of An- According to statistics, during Franc in value. shan Steel and Iron Co., Liaon• the period of 1981 to 1989, China Currently Sino-Soviet econo• ing Province, and the Luoyang imported from the Soviet Union mic relations and trade are Bearings Factory, Henan Prov• about 7.8 million tons of rolled changing over from simple bart• ince. Other contract items will be steel and pig iron, 17 million cu• er trade to diversified forms of signed soon. bic metres of lumber and pulp exchange. Many popular interna• The two credit agreements wood, 3.7 million tons of urea, tional co-operative methods have signed by the two countries in and nonferrous metals and pre• been gradually adopted, such as 1988 include: the Soviet Union's cious metals worth 1.19 billion joint ventures, contracted pro• credit to China in form of com• Swiss francs as well as 119,000 jects and labour co-operation. modities for the construction automobiles and 57 planes. The first group; pf labour con• of Usu-Alstaw Pass Railway in In return, China exported to tingent has been sent from Hei• Xinjiang Autonomous Region, the Soviet Union some 600,000 longjiang Province to the Far and China's purchase of thermal tons of meat and canned meat, East area of the Soviet Union to power plant equipment from the 630,000 tons of fruit, 8,000 tons plant fruit trees and vegetables; Soviet Union using commercial of filament, 970 million Swiss while personnel from the Soviet credit. Both are now being francs, worth of nonferrous me• Union are participating in cocoa smoothly implemented. tals and minerals, and 3 billion production on Hainan Island. Up by Yao Jiaoguo

22 BEUING KEVIEW, AUGUST t-11,1990 TOURISM First-Rate Cultural kno\Vn throughout the world. A market took place at the festival bronze carriage, used for animal and attracted not only tens of Relics Exhibition farming by a man who had his thousands of Beijing residents, feet cut off, of the Western Zhou but also thousands of overseas hina's first rate cultural rel• Dynasty (llth-770 BC), was tourists who arrived by buses ics exhibition, sponsored unearthed in Wenxi County, provided by travel services for C by the State Cultural Rel• Shanxi Province in 1989. This sightseeing. ics Administration and the State relic has very high historical, This year's third watermelon Travel and Tourism Administra• scientific and cultural value. The festival was larger than the two tion, recently opened in the Pa• carriage, 9.1 cm high and 13.7 cm previous watermelon festivals lace Museum in Beijing. long, is decorated with patterns during which the buying and Some 245 pieces (or sets) of of birds and beasts, symbolizing tasting of watermelons is the precious cultural relics were on husbandry farming during that main activity. Along the two display representing China's long time. Facts from the history history and splendid civilization. sides of the 5,000-metre-long book of the Western Zhou Djf- street, watermelon vendors set The exhibits divided into more nasty state that sefttenced cri• than 20 categories showing the up numerous watermelon stalls minals had to suffer a punish• where some 10 to 20 varieties of historical transition from primi• ment of having their feet cut off tive ages to periods of high civil• high quality watermelons on dis• to prevent them from escaping ization. On display are ancient play stirred great interest among and had to watch over the ani• ape-man skull fossil, pottery and tourists. Several Japanese trav• mal farm. The carriage, ingen• porcelain products, stone imple• ellers this year made it a point iously designed and finely cast, is ments, bronze ware, gold and sil• to go directly to the watermelon a piece of very high achievement ver ware, lacquerware, ivory and field and pick watermelons with having 15 movable parts. The bone carvings, embroidery, in• the farmers. wheels can rotate, the cover and scriptions on bones or tortoise Savouring watermelons during door can be opened and closed, shells, bamboo slips, royal seal, the festival is by no means the and the door can bolt and un• sculpture, fresco, the four trea• one and only activity. About 100 sures of study and Tangka (a bolt. What is more, the four little birds, ingeniously designed on kinds of China's traditional local particular wall painting) with snacks are provided on a food very prominent historical, scien• the cover, can spin when the wind blows. Other exhibits will street. On an amusement street, tific and art values. Some rare several dozen traditional folk artifacts were publicly shown for also capture the interest of the performances were on stage. The the first time. audience. climax of the festival was the The exhibition is expected to Exhibited • in five stages ac• lantern gathering and fireworks cording to the development of close at the end of the year. by Han Baocheng display. Chinese history, the earliest exhi• During the festival, many peo• bit is the ancient ape-man skull ple were attracted to nearby fossil unearthed in Yuanmo, David's Deer Park and Tuanhe Yunnan Province. The fossil, Xinggong Palace, and to the unearthed in 1988, is about 4 mil• Daxing County's shooting range in Weishan Vil• lion years old and is more close• lage, according to director Li of ly related to modern humankind Watermelon Show than other ancient fossils. the Watermelon Festival Office of Daxing County. David's deer, The bone flute, unearthed in eijing in June and July is a Wuyang County, Henan Prov• special outlet for the sale a rare wild animal, are fed and ince dates back 7,000 years. B of watermelons. One rea• preserved in the David's Deer Made from bone of beasts, with son is that Daxing County, re• Park. The Tuanhe Xinggong Pa• seven tone holes and one hole for nowned for its high quality wat• lace is a place where the empe• tuning, was found to have seven ermelons throughout Beijing, rors of the Qin Dynasty once tones and is known as one of the holds an annual watermelon fes• lived during their stay there on earhest musical instruments in tival. This year the festival was hunting trips between the 17th China. from June 28 to July 2. to 19th century. The Shooting During China's Shan and Daxing County is about 40 kil• Range in Weishan Village is used Zhou dynasties (17th century-256 ometres south of Beijing. Var• to practise the use of all kinds of BC), the technology used to ious kinds of activities in addi• firearms. produce bronze ware was already tion to the Daxing watermelon by Han Guojian

BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12, l»90 23 CULTURE/SCIENCE and an iron fence surrounds it for protection. The other tree, a lacebark pine Preserving Beijing's Ancient Trees that is 600 to 700 years old, was granted the title "General of the fTlwo lofty ginkgo trees stand Woods. The survey registered White Robe." The lacebark pine in front of the main build• 23,000 trees that are more than is a special species in northern T ing of the National Library 100 years old and divided them China. of China in western Beijing. A into different classes for protec• Cong Sheng, a senior engineer small card on one of them says, tion; trees with red cards are in at the Bureau of Parks and "Ginkgo bilooa L., an ancient bo• the highest category. Woods, is one of the people res• tanical species of the Fourth Ice In downtown Beijing's Tuan- ponsible for the protection of Age, 500 to 600 years old." cheng (Circular City), which is these ancient trees. Cong said Similar cards, either red or about the size of a soccer, field, that in the Circular City and green, can be seen on other old sevpral.trees have red or. green nearby Beihai Park there are trees in Beijing's parks, at histor• cards but two in particular stand more than 40,000 trees, of which ical sites and in ordinary lanes out. , , " 300 have red cards and 1,200 and side-streets. The green card One is a Chinese pine planted green. designates trees that are more 800 years ago during the Jin Dy• During the more than ten than 100 years old; trees with a nasty. This tree is now more than years they have been working red card are at least 300 years 20 metres high and the trunk is with these old trees, Cong and so thick that four adults cannot his colleagues have gained valu• old. encircle it with linked arms. Its able experience, using new ma• The cards are the result of a luxuriant foliage is like a huge terials and new technology as general survey conducted by the umbrella. well as traditional methods to Beijing Bureau of Parks and According to historical re• preserve these living treasures. cords, Emperor Qianlong of the One of their theses on this sub• The "Marquis of Shade" in Beijing's Qing Dynasty once rested under ject won an award from the Toancheng (Circular City) is 800 years the pine during a hot summer Beijing municipal government. old. day and was so refreshed that he Cong said that he regarded the granted it the title "Marquis of ancient trees as more important Shade." Iron rods now support than his own life. the Marquis' heavy boughs, a Among the problems that af• lightning rod has been affixed flict old trees are holes that form

This andeHt ginkgo tree grows in a new apartment district on the western ontsklrts of Beijing. Photos hy TAN BOQUAU

24 BEMINO REVIEW, AUGUST m2,1«»9» CULTURE / SCIENCE in the trunk and become the home of harmful insects. These holes used to be filled with con• crete or lime but Cong and his colleagues used new materials to save a 500-year-old pine and 200-year-old Yulan magnolia (magnolia denudata). Traditional methods were em• ployed to revive a Ming Dynas• ty pine in Tiantan (Temple of Heaven) Park. This tree, known as the Nine-Dragon Pine because nine root shoots twist around its trunk, has been a, big tourist at^; traction. But in 1980 it began tp wither and the size of its crown decreased sharply., . Li Jinling, a senior engineer )at the Bureau of Parks and Woods, and his research group were en• trusted with the task of working out an approach to save the tree. After a detailed analysis of the water supply and condition of the roots, they discovered that a large number of root hairs were dead. This meant the tree's in• take of water and nutrients was reduced. The direct cause was the hardened, impermeable earth tramped down by the huge num• ber of visitors. Using a traditional method discovered accidentally in treat• ing trees in, the Circular City, they covered the root area with tapered bricks to create an air pocket. Lime and fertilizer were placed between the bricks and the soil where they could mix with water and air. The tree was saved and the method added to the bureau's records. ZHANG SHUXIN These records include 20 arti• cles and 57 theses concerning the Indian Dance Troupe in China protection of ancient trees. The documents were drafted mainly by Cong' Sheng, who has xich Invited by China's Ministry of The picture shows a scene practical and theoretical experi• Culture, the Indian Manipuri Ja- from an Indian folk dance called ence. goi Marup Dance Troupe recent• Ga-laam (crab dance). An Indi• "We hope to exchange experi• an legend says that an ancient ly gave a performance to cele• ences with our counterparts ar• prophet once invited all of the ound the world so as to find brate the 40th anniversary of the earth's animals to dance. The more effective ways to protect establishment of Sino-Indian di- Ga-laam imitates the actions and ancient trees," Cong said. • plomatic relations. movements of the crab. •

BCIJCSG BEVIEW, AUGUSTM2,1990 25 CULTURE/SCIENCE

than a similar bo in the Shanghai Museum and re• futes the theory that Ancient Bronze Music:al Instniments Found grouped bos began to be played only during late Western Zhou. rchaeologists working Experts are more in• The ancient music re• in northwest Chi• terested in the three bos. search office headed by Li A na's Shaanxi Prov• One common feature of the Chunyi of the Ministry of ince have unearthed a bo is a knob on top, some• Culture examined the in• group of bronze bell-type times decorated with an an• struments and found they instruments dating back to imal design. The knobs of still give off clear beautiful the Western Zhou Dynasty all three bos found at Mei- tones. (1066-771 BC). xian are shaped like two Unfortunately, accord• Experts said the thcee bos birds facing each other. ing to the local cultural rel• and 15 pieces of a diime The bodies of the bells are ics departments, five pieces found in Meixian County decorated with four tigers of the chime were stolen at are the oktest^tA instru- and other exquisite pat• the excavation site and are meats yet discovficed, pre• terns and designs. said to have been carried dating earlier discoveries Textual research indi• abroad. It is hoped that the by huadieds of years. The cates they date to the reigns relevant foreign agencies bos are considered to be the of the emperors Yi Wang can help find and return most important relics yet and Li Wang of the middle them to China so that this period of Western Zhou, unique set of cultural relics unearthed for the study of • will survive intact. • Western Zhou music. which makes them older The excavation site 1.5 kilometres northwest the Majiazhen Railway Station had earlier yielded other Tibetans Related to Northern Chinese precious relics of the per• iod, including bronze dings (three- or four-legged genetic study of a dress, controversy has ex• cauldrons). random sample of isted over their origin. The site was dkcovered A 233 ethnic Tibetans Although convincing ev• in August of 1985 when lo• from Lhasa and Xigaze idence exists to verify that cal workers were digging supports the theory that the Tibet is an inalienable part clay for brick making. The Tibetan people are inse• of China, a handful of se• latest find occurred about parable members of the paratists insist that Tibet two metres beneath the sur• Chinese family. is an independent territory face, where archaeologists The test by the Beijing and that Tibetans have no came across the 15 pieces of Paediatrics Institute in• blood relationship with the a chime and three bos ar• volved an examination of a Hans. ranged in order of size. component of the Tibetans' The institute compared Their weight ranged from white blood cells. This com• the genetic features of the five to 50 kilogrammes ponent, the antigen, is use• antigen in the Tibetan sam• with their height from 30 to ful in determining heredi• ple with people from the 80 centimetres. tary relationships. rest of China as well as Ne• Four pieces of the chime The researchers found pal and India. It found that carry inscriptions, three of that the Tibetans are des• the Tibetans' antigen was which tell the same story of cendants of people from closest to that of the north• a minister who, due to the southern Gansu and Qing- ern Chinese and far differ• protection of his grandfath• hai provinces who moved ent from that of the Ne- er and father, won the fa• south to the Himalayas. palese and Indians. vour of the emperor and Because Tibetans differ The origin of the Tibe• was in charge of the fores• from the Han and other tan nationality was thus re• try and fishery administra- Chinese nationalities in vealed by means of genet• tion. customs, language and ics. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUGUST 6-12,1990 ' Chinese Paintings ^ ^ by Zhang Guoxing

Zhang Guoxing was bom in Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province

J ^g^^ * ^ huangdao Studio of Art and Callig- " Tol~i^*» rophy, he specializes in Chinese ^ t •« -7_2, landscape paintings.

Pines and Pavilion.

ART PAQE

The Great Wall.

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