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Entomology) 1968, Ph.D
RING T. CARDÉ a. Professional Preparation Tufts University B.S. (Biology), 1966 Cornell University M.S. (Entomology) 1968, Ph.D. (Entomology) 1971 New York State Agricultural Postdoctoral Associate, 1971-1975 Experiment Station at Geneva (Cornell University) b. Appointments and Professional Activities Positions Held 1996-present Distinguished Professor & Alfred M. Boyce Endowed Chair in Entomology, University of California, Riverside 2011 Visiting Professor, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Alnarp 2003-2009 Chair, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 1989-1996 Distinguished University Professor, University of Massachusetts 1988 Visiting Scientist, Wageningen University 1984-1989 Professor of Entomology, University of Massachusetts 1981-1987; 1993-1995 Head, Entomology, University of Massachusetts 1981-1984 Associate Professor of Entomology, University of Massachusetts 1978-1981 Associate Professor of Entomology, Michigan State University 1975-1978 Assistant Professor of Entomology, Michigan State University Honors and Awards (selected) Certificate of Distinction for Outstanding Achievements, International Congress of Entomology, 2016 President, International Society of Chemical Ecology, 2012-2013 Jan Löfqvist Grant, Royal Academy of Natural Sciences, Medicine and Technology, Sweden, 2011 Silver Medal, International Society of Chemical Ecology, 2009 Awards for “Encyclopedia of Insects” include: • “Most Outstanding Single-Volume Reference in Science”, Association of American Publishers 2003 • “Outstanding -
A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods
insects Review A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods in Agroecosystems Kenneth W. McCravy Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-309-298-2160 Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 19 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: Beneficial arthropods provide many important ecosystem services. In agroecosystems, pollination and control of crop pests provide benefits worth billions of dollars annually. Effective sampling and monitoring of these beneficial arthropods is essential for ensuring their short- and long-term viability and effectiveness. There are numerous methods available for sampling beneficial arthropods in a variety of habitats, and these methods can vary in efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper I review active and passive sampling methods for non-Apis bees and arthropod natural enemies of agricultural pests, including methods for sampling flying insects, arthropods on vegetation and in soil and litter environments, and estimation of predation and parasitism rates. Sample sizes, lethal sampling, and the potential usefulness of bycatch are also discussed. Keywords: sampling methodology; bee monitoring; beneficial arthropods; natural enemy monitoring; vane traps; Malaise traps; bowl traps; pitfall traps; insect netting; epigeic arthropod sampling 1. Introduction To sustainably use the Earth’s resources for our benefit, it is essential that we understand the ecology of human-altered systems and the organisms that inhabit them. Agroecosystems include agricultural activities plus living and nonliving components that interact with these activities in a variety of ways. Beneficial arthropods, such as pollinators of crops and natural enemies of arthropod pests and weeds, play important roles in the economic and ecological success of agroecosystems. -
Estimation of Breed-Specific Heterosis Effects for Birth, Weaning and Yearling Weight in Cattle…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..…………………32
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science Animal Science Department 7-2014 Estimation of Breed-Specific etH erosis Effects for Birth, Weaning and Yearling Weight in Cattle Lauren N. Schiermiester University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscidiss Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Schiermiester, Lauren N., "Estimation of Breed-Specific eH terosis Effects for Birth, Weaning and Yearling Weight in Cattle" (2014). Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science. 94. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscidiss/94 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ESTIMATION OF BREED-SPECIFIC HETEROSIS EFFECTS FOR BIRTH, WEANING AND YEARLING WEIGHT IN CATTLE. By Lauren N. Schiermiester A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The GraDuate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Animal Science Under the Supervision of Professor Matthew L. Spangler Lincoln, Nebraska July, 2014 ESTIMATION OF BREED-SPECIFIC HETEROSIS EFFECTS FOR BIRTH, WEANING AND YEARLING WEIGHT IN CATTLE. Lauren N. Schiermiester, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2014 ADvisor: Matthew L. SPangler Genetic selection Decisions are imPortant components of improveD beef ProDuction efficiency. ExPloiting heterosis anD breeD comPlementarity can improve economically relevant traits anD system efficiency. The objective of the current stuDy was to estimate breeD-sPecific heterosis for the seven largest beef breeDs (accorDing to registrations) for birth, weaning anD yearling weight. -
Developement of the Heterosis Concept
H. K. HAYES University of Minnesota Chapter 3 Development of the Heterosis Concept Hybrid vigor in artificial plant hybrids was first studied by Koelreuter in 1763 (East and Hayes, 1912). The rediscovery of Mendel's Laws in 1900 focused the attention of the biological world on problems of heredity and led to renewed interest in hybrid vigor as one phase of quantitative inheritance. Today it is accepted that the characters of plants, animals, and human beings are the result of the action, reaction, and interaction of countless numbers of genes. What is inherited, however, is not the character but the manner of reaction under conditions of environment. At this time, when variability is being expressed as genetic plus environmental variance, one may say that genetic variance is the expression of variability due to geno typic causes. It is that part of the total variance that remains after eliminat ing environmental variance, as estimated from studying the variances of homozygous lines and F 1 crosses between them. Early in the present century, East, at the Connecticut Agricultural Ex periment Station, and G. H. Shull at Cold Spring Harbor, started their studies of the effects of cross- and self-fertilization in maize. The writer has first-hand knowledge of East's work in this field as he became East's assist ant in July, 1909, and continued to work with him through 1914. In 1909, East stated that studies of the effects of self- and cross-pollination in maize were started with the view that this type of information was essential to a sound method of maize breeding. -
Applications of Inbreeding and Out-Breeding; Genetic Basis of Heterosis 1St Semester
Applications of inbreeding and out-breeding; Genetic basis of heterosis 1st Semester Applications of inbreeding and out-breeding; Genetic basis of heterosis (hybrid vigour) Reproduction is the most important biological function that is performed by the living species. Many reproductive mechanisms have come into function, such as asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction and vegetative reproduction, etc. The most important of these is the sexual reproduction, probably due to the fact that sexual reproduction involves the genic recombination, and nature selects most suitable recombinations out of these. Thus, sexual reproduction may be of many forms, i.e., hermophroditism, crossing of individuals which are not closely related, inbreeding or self-fertilization etc. Thus systems of matting encountered in natural as well as man controlled populations of organisms can be divided under two headings:- 1. Inbreeding or matting among closely related forms. 2. Outbreeding or matting among Unrelated forms. 1. Inbreeding Definition of inbreeding: The process of mating among closely related individuals is known as inbreeding. There can be different degrees of inbreeding. The self fertilization in plants as in peas and beans is a example of inbreeding. In 1903 Johannsen recognized the uniformity that characterized self fertilizing plants grown in the same environment. He called such fertilizing populations as pure lines which breed true without appreciable genetic variation. The cross fertilization in plants and animals affords different degrees of inbreeding based relationship. For example, marriages between brothers and sisters, between the first cousins and second cousins are example showing different degrees of inbreeding.Artificial selection always accompany close inbreeding for the betterment of plants and animals both. -
An Analysis of Heterosis Vs. Inbreeding Effects with an Autotetraploid Cross-Fertilized Plant: Medicago Satna L
Copyright 0 1984 by the Genetics Society of America AN ANALYSIS OF HETEROSIS VS. INBREEDING EFFECTS WITH AN AUTOTETRAPLOID CROSS-FERTILIZED PLANT: MEDICAGO SATNA L. A. GALLAIS' Station d 'A,nelioration des Plantes Fourrageres I.N.R.A., 86600 Lusignan, France Manuscript received March 4, 1982 Revised copy accepted August 1, 1983 ABSTRACT Self-fertilization and crossing were combined to produce a large number of levels of inbreeding and of degrees of kinship. The inbreeding effect increases with the complexity of the character and with its supposed relationship with fitness. A certain amount of heterozygosity appears to be necessary for the expression of variability. With crossing of unrelated noninbred plants, genetic variance is mainly additive, but with inbreeding its major part is nonadditive. High additivity in crossing, therefore, coexists with strong inbreeding depres- sion. However, even in inbreeding the genetic coefficient of covariation among relatives appears to be strongly and linearly related to the classical coefficient of kinship. This means that deviations from the additive model with inbreeding could be partly due to an effect of inbreeding on variances through an effect on means. An attempt to analyze genetic effects from a theoretical model, based upon the identity by descent relationship at the level of means and of covariances between relatives, tends to show that allelic interactions are more important and nonallelic interactions are less important for a character closely related to fitness. For a complex character, these results lead to the conception of a genome organized in polygenic complementary blocks integrating epistasis and dominance. Some consequences for plant breeding are also discussed. -
North American Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Genus Neoclytus Share a Common Hydroxyhexanone-Hexanediol Pheromone Structural Motif
FOREST ENTOMOLOGY North American Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Genus Neoclytus Share a Common Hydroxyhexanone-Hexanediol Pheromone Structural Motif ANN M. RAY,1,2 JOCELYN G. MILLAR,3 JARDEL A. MOREIRA,3 J. STEVEN MCELFRESH,3 4,5 6 4 ROBERT F. MITCHELL, JAMES D. BARBOUR, AND LAWRENCE M. HANKS J. Econ. Entomol. 108(4): 1860–1868 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov170 ABSTRACT Many species of cerambycid beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae are known to use male-produced pheromones composed of one or a few components such as 3-hydroxyalkan-2-ones and the related 2,3-alkanediols. Here, we show that this pheromone structure is characteristic of the ceram- bycine genus Neoclytus Thomson, based on laboratory and field studies of 10 species and subspecies. Males of seven taxa produced pheromones composed of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one as a single compo- nent, and the synthetic pheromone attracted adults of both sexes in field bioassays, including the eastern North American taxa Neoclytus caprea (Say), Neoclytus mucronatus mucronatus (F.), and Neoclytus scu- tellaris (Olivier), and the western taxa Neoclytus conjunctus (LeConte), Neoclytus irroratus (LeConte), and Neoclytus modestus modestus Fall. Males of the eastern Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus (F.) and the western Neoclytus tenuiscriptus Fall produced (2S,3S)-2,3-hexanediol as their dominant or sole pheromone component. Preliminary data also revealed that males of the western Neoclytus balteatus LeConte produced a blend of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and (2S,3S)-2,3-hexanediol but also (2S,3S)- 2,3-octanediol as a minor component. The fact that the hydroxyketone-hexanediol structural motif is consistent among these North American species provides further evidence of the high degree of conservation of pheromone structures among species in the subfamily Cerambycinae. -
The Genetic Basis of Heterosis: Multiparental Quantitative Trait Loci
INVESTIGATION The Genetic Basis of Heterosis: Multiparental Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Reveals Contrasted Levels of Apparent Overdominance Among Traits of Agronomical Interest in Maize (Zea mays L.) A. Larièpe,*,† B. Mangin,‡ S. Jasson,‡ V. Combes,* F. Dumas,* P. Jamin,* C. Lariagon,* D. Jolivot,* D. Madur,* J. Fiévet,* A. Gallais,* P. Dubreuil,† A. Charcosset,*,1 and L. Moreau* *UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA–Univ Paris-Sud–CNRS–AgroParisTech Ferme du Moulon, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, †BIOGEMMA, Genetics and Genomics in Cereals, 63720 Chappes, France, and ‡INRA, Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France ABSTRACT Understanding the genetic bases underlying heterosis is a major issue in maize (Zea mays L.). We extended the North Carolina design III (NCIII) by using three populations of recombinant inbred lines derived from three parental lines belonging to different heterotic pools, crossed with each parental line to obtain nine families of hybrids. A total of 1253 hybrids were evaluated for grain moisture, silking date, plant height, and grain yield. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was carried out on the six families obtained from crosses to parental lines following the “classical” NCIII method and with a multiparental connected model on the global design, adding the three families obtained from crosses to the nonparental line. Results of the QTL detection highlighted that most of the QTL detected for grain yield displayed apparent overdominance effects and limited differences between heterozygous genotypes, whereas for grain moisture predominance of additive effects was observed. For plant height and silking date results were intermediate. Except for grain yield, most of the QTL identified showed significant additive-by-additive epistatic interactions. -
The Genetic Diversity of Triticale Genotypes Involved in Polish Breeding Programs Agnieszka Niedziela, Renata Orłowska, Joanna Machczyńska and Piotr T
Niedziela et al. SpringerPlus (2016) 5:355 DOI 10.1186/s40064-016-1997-8 RESEARCH Open Access The genetic diversity of triticale genotypes involved in Polish breeding programs Agnieszka Niedziela, Renata Orłowska, Joanna Machczyńska and Piotr T. Bednarek* Abstract Genetic diversity analysis of triticale populations is useful for breeding programs, as it helps to select appropriate genetic material for classifying the parental lines, heterotic groups and predicting hybrid performance. In our study 232 breeding forms were analyzed using diversity arrays technology markers. Principal coordinate analysis followed by model-based Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed the presence of weak data structuring with three groups of data. In the first group, 17 spring and 17 winter forms were clustered. The second and the third groups were represented by 101 and 26 winter forms, respectively. Polymorphic information content values, as well as Shannon’s Information Index, were higher for the first (0.319) and second (0.309) than for third (0.234) group. AMOVA analysis demonstrated a higher level of within variation (86 %) than among populations (14 %). This study provides the basic information on the presence of structure within a genetic pool of triticale breeding forms. Keywords: Triticale, Genetic diversity, DArT markers Background From this achievement to the first hexaploid triticales Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic cereal (Triticale No. 57 and Triticale No. 64) obtained by Hun- crop that originated from a cross between Triticum spe- garian breeder Kiss and released for commercial pro- cies (AABB or AABBDD) and Secale cereale L. (RR). duction passed almost 100 years (Kiss 1971). -
Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Shreyartha Mukherjee Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 A next generation of studies: Heterosis and inbreeding depression Shreyartha Mukherjee Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons, Bioinformatics Commons, and the Statistics and Probability Commons Recommended Citation Mukherjee, Shreyartha, "A next generation of studies: Heterosis and inbreeding depression" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 13878. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13878 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A next generation of studies: Heterosis and inbreeding depression by Shreyartha Mukherjee A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program of Study Committee: William Beavis, Co-Major Professor Julie Dickerson, Co-Major Professor Paul Scott Peng Liu Thomas Lubberstedt Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2013 Copyright © Shreyartha Mukherjee, 2013.All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my father Siddhartha, my mother Alpana, my sister Shreeja and -
Open Thesis Maya E. Nehme.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Entomology DEVELOPING MONITORING TRAPS FOR THE ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE A Dissertation in Entomology & Comparative and International Education by Maya E. Nehme © 2009 Maya E. Nehme Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 The dissertation of Maya E. Nehme was reviewed and approved* by the following: Kelli Hoover Associate Professor of Entomology Dissertation Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Edwin Rajotte Professor of Entomology, IPM Coordinator and CI ED joint faculty Co-Chair of Committee Thomas Baker Professor of Entomology Melody Keena US Forest Service Research Entomologist and Adjunct Faculty of Entomology Special member David Baker Professor of Education, Professor of Sociology Gary Felton Professor of Entomology Head of the Department of Entomology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), commonly known as the Asian longhorned beetle, is a wood-boring invasive species introduced from Asia to North America and Europe through solid wood packing material. A. glabripennis is a serious pest both in China and the U.S. This research project was developed in response to the need for efficient monitoring traps to assess population density and dispersal in the field and to detect new introductions at ports of entry. The first stages of the project aimed at filling the gaps in our knowledge of the effect of semiochemicals on A. glabripennis adult behavior and exploring potential use of these chemicals for monitoring purposes. Semiochemicals studied were the male- produced putative volatile pheromone vbutan-1-ol and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal) and plant volatiles. -
Use of Pheromones for Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora Gossypiella, Saunders) Mating Disruption in Israel A
A. Niv Use of Pheromones for Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella, Saunders) Mating Disruption in Israel A. Niv The Cotton Production and Marketing Board, Israel, P.O.Box 384, Herzlia B. Israel. ABSTRACT Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) is one of the major cotton pests of Israel. Until ten years ago the pest appeared mainly in one region, the Beit-Shean valley, but it has spread all over Israel. The number of spray applications against this pest ranges between 1 and 9, mainly organo-phosphates and pyrethroids. Applications start early in the season, disrupting the delicate balance that exists between natural enemies and pests. The result is severe outbreaks of other pest. In the mid-1980s, the Sandoz pheromone product “No Mate” was used for mating disruption. P.B. Rope technology evolved in the Beit Shean valley during the 1990’s. The average number of insecticide sprays declined from 9 to 5. Insecticide applications only commenced in the middle of the season following delayed pink bollworm occurrence and the decline in population intensity. This affected other pest populations. Since 1991 the use of P.B. Ropes and P.B. Rings (AGRISENSE) has increased and during the 1998 season, approximately half the cotton fields are treated with P.B. Ropes. The recommendation in Israel is to administer pheromone Ropes and rings early in the season, prior to appearance of pin-head squares. The initial dosage used to be 500 units (50 mg) per hectare but has been reduced to 250 (40 mg) units per hectare. The application of the pheromones is manual and time consuming.