DOCSLIB.ORG

Israel Script

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Israel Script Israel Script Passport to Peoplehood Jewish are a multicultural people who live around the world. Introduction Ancient Israel was the birthplace of the Jewish people and home to our forefathers and foremothers. Twelve distinct Tribes of Israel came and settled there after the Exodus from Egypt. In 70 BCE, the Holy Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jewish people were dispersed. But even as Jews migrated and settled all over the world, they continued to maintain small communities in the Holy Land and to remember and pray for the restoration of Jerusalem. The declaration of the modern State of Israel in 1948 immediately established Israel as the Jewish homeland.. Today, Israel is home to Jews from Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa, and Australia. Modern Israeli culture reflects the diversity of its multicultural citizens. Big Ideas 1. Ancient Israel is the birthplace of the Jewish people. 2. Jews have migrated and moved around the world for centuries. Many have made their home in Israel. 3. Israel is enriched by the contributions of Jews from around the world. Modern Israeli culture is influenced by the global nature of the Jewish State. 1 www.GlobalJews.org Israel Script Slide 1: Israel is a Home for All Jews Slide 2: Map The modern State of Israel is located in the Middle East at the crossroads between Africa and Asia, on the site of the ancient land of Israel. Slide 3: Flag The flag of Israel tells a Jewish story. The flag looks a little like a tallit, a Jewish prayer shawl, that is often white with stripes on the edges. The Star of David is in the center, a symbol of Judaism since the Middle Ages. Some people say that the two blue stripes are the blue of the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, the two main bodies of water that border the modern State. The blue color also harkens back to the ancient tchelet, a ​ ​ blue color that was used in tying the knots of the fringe of the tallit. White is the color of peace. Slide 4: Old Jerusalem Slide 5: Modern Jerusalem In ancient times, King David established Jerusalem as the capital of the twelve tribes. King Solomon built the first Holy Temple in Jerusalem and secured the spiritual significance of the city. Since 1948, Jerusalem is once again the capital of Israel and continues to be both a spiritual and political center. Slide 6: Tel Aviv Tel Aviv is the largest city in Israel. Nearly a quarter of all Jews worldwide live in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. Slide 7: Negev Desert The Negev, a desert to the south of Jerusalem, covers over half of Israel. Slide 8: Flower: The Red Poppy In the springtime, the hills of Israel are transformed by blankets of bright red poppies. The Kalanit (as it is known in Hebrew) is the national flower of Israel. 2 www.GlobalJews.org Israel Script Slide 9: Food: Falafel Falafel stalls are found throughout Israel, and loved by citizens of all backgrounds. Many consider it the unofficial official food of the country. Slide 10: The “Shuk” / Mahane Yehuda Market The Mahane Yehuda Market, also called “The Shuk”, is a popular destination in Jerusalem. There, vendors sell a variety of the foods that Jews from different lands have brought to Israel, including falafel, but also cinnamon babkas from Eastern Europe, cheese kachapuris from Central Asia, and malawaach pastry filled with Tunisian shakshuka. Slide 11: The Kotel (The Western Wall) The Old City of Jerusalem dates back to the time of King David. Today it is a sacred site for Jews, Christians and Muslims. At the heart of the Old City is the Western Wall where Jews from around the world come to pray. Ancient History Slide 12: The 12 Tribes of Israel We read in the Torah of God’s promise to Abraham that the land of Israel will be an inheritance to the people of Israel for all time. When the twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel escaped slavery in Egypt, they made their way towards the Promised Land. Eventually, each tribe settled in its own territory. Slide 13: A United Kingdom For generations, each tribe had its own leaders. Then King David united the tribes and his son King Solomon built the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. During major holidays, members of all the tribes would come to Jerusalem to celebrate together as a people. Slide 14: The Biblical Diaspora The Jewish Diaspora began during the time of King Solomon, as recorded in the Torah. It became a widespread reality in the 6th century B.C.E. with the destruction of the First Temple. Jews continued to spread around the world from then on. 3 www.GlobalJews.org Israel Script Slide 15: Jews Pray Facing Jerusalem Though most Jews were exiled from the ancient land and spread throughout the world over time, the Jewish connection to the land of Israel never went away. Small Jewish communities persisted. And throughout the world, Jews prayed, facing Jerusalem, for a return to Israel and for the opportunity to rebuild Jerusalem. Modern Israel Slide 16: Jews from all over the world live in Israel The modern State of Israel was founded as a homeland for all Jews. Even though it is a small country and welcoming many new immigrants can be challenging, the State of Israel has welcomed Jews from around the world. Each group has faced difficulties getting settled and sometimes discrimination, but each group has also contributed greatly to the culture, economy and future of modern Israel. Let’s see some of the groups of Jews, the edot, as they are called in Hebrew, where they came from and what they have contributed. Slide 17: Morocco Jews in Morocco dressed like their Arab neighbors and ate couscous at their feasts. They spoke French and Arabic. Slide 18: Moroccans in Ma’abarot When Israel was founded many Moroccan Jews made their way to Israel. They lived a difficult life in temporary homes called Maabarot. Slide 19: Moroccan Henna Today, the Moroccan custom of decorating hands with henna is now widespread in Israel. Slide 20: Persia/Iran Since the days of Queen Esther, there has always been a Jewish community in Persia which today is called Iran. 4 www.GlobalJews.org Israel Script Slide 21: Iran Sometimes Jews had difficulty with their Muslim neighbors, sometimes they lived in peace. When Israel was formed in 1948, nearly 1 million Jews from the Middle East and North Africa were forced to leave their countries. Most went to Israel. Slide 22: Persian Kabobs Today no Yom HaAtzmaut celebration in Israel would be complete without Kabobs Al HaEsh. Slide 23: India It is said that the first Jews who came to India were sent by King Solomon to trade ​ ​ spices. Slide 24: India/Indian Saris For centuries, Indian Jews lived in peace with their neighbors and in isolation from much of the Jewish world. They wore saris and ate rice and curry, just like their neighbors. Slide 25: Indian Spices Since the founding of the State of Israel most Indian Jews have chosen to live in Israel. Now, in the shuks (markets) of Israel, you often see and smell Indian spices. ​ ​ Slide 26: Russia Jews in Russia were not free to own their own land or work as farmers. Many were poor and did not have much to eat. Slide 27: Russia Early Russian Jewish settlers helped found the kibbutzim and start the farms that today feed all of Israel. Slide 28: Russia Most recently, thousands more Jews from Russia have made Israel a global center of classical music. Slide 29: Yemen Like the Jews of India, it is said that the Jews first came to Yemen as traders sent by King Solomon. For thousands of years the Jews of Yemen were traders and shopkeepers. 5 www.GlobalJews.org Israel Script Their rich religious tradition included many unique elements like reading the Torah both in Hebrew and in Aramaic translation. Slide 30: Yemen/Operation Magic Carpet The first Yemenite Jews to come to Israel took a boat to Egypt and then walked all the way through the desert. But the majority came by plane in 1949-50 in Operation Magic Carpet. Slide 31: A-WA For a long time, Yemenite Jewish culture was not valued by most Israelis. Today, A-WA, a band of 3 young Yemenite Israeli sisters, combine Yemenite folk songs with electronic ​ dance music. They sing in Arabic and Hebrew. Slide 32: Ethiopia It is said that the Queen of Sheba learned of Judaism from King Solomon. When she returned to her native Ethiopia, she brought back the new religion to her people. For thousands of years the Jews of Ethiopia, also known as Beta Yisrael, had little contact with other Jews. They studied Torah and dreamed of Jerusalem. Slide 33: Ethiopia/Operation Magic Carpet In modern times, some Ethiopian Jews walked across the desert to the Sudan, where they were brought by plane to Israel in Operation Moses and Operation Solomon. Slide 34: Sigd Ethiopian Jews are currently expanding Israel’s music scene and have added an additional Jewish holiday, Sigd, to the Jewish and Israeli calendar. Slide 35: Jews from all over the world returned to Israel There are no less than 33 languages and dialects spoken in Israel. Each language represents a different historic Jewish community and tells the story of the wonderful diversity of modern Israel. Slide 36: End ________________________________________________________________________ 6 www.GlobalJews.org .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Secular Music of the Yemenite Jews As an Expression of Cultural Demarcation Between the Sexes
    JASO 27/2 (1996): 113-135 THE SECULAR MUSIC OF THE YEMENITE JEWS AS AN EXPRESSION OF CULTURAL DEMARCATION BETWEEN THE SEXES MARILYN HERMAN JEWISH men and women in Yemen are portrayed in the sociological and anthropo­ logical literature as having lived in separate conceptual and spatial worlds. As a result, two very separate bodies of song existed, one pertaining to men and the other to women. In this paper, I show how the culturally defined demarcation be­ tween the sexes is reflected and epitomized in the music of the Jews who lived in Yemen. i The key to this separation lies in the fact that women were banned from the synagogue altogether. This exclusion is not prescribed by Jewish law, and there is no precedent for it in the Bible or other Jewish literature or communities. The reason given for women being banned from the synagogue in Yemen was the fear that they might be menstruating. The condition of menstruation is, in Jewish law, This paper is based on my MA thesis (Herman 1985), which was written under the supervision and with the moral and academic support of Dr P. T. W. Baxter of Manchester University. My brother Geoffrey Herman willingly and painstakingly translated Hebrew articles into English for my benefit while I was writing this thesis. I. The period mainly referred to is the fifty years or so preceding 'Operation Magic Carpet', a series of airlifts between 1949 and 1950 in which the majority of Yemenite Jews were taken to Israel. 114 Marilyn Herman seen as ritually impure.
    [Show full text]
  • Books in the Treasury
    Books in the Treasury I went forth unto the treasury of Laban. And as I went forth towards the treasury of Laban, behold, I saw the servant of Laban who had the keys of the treasury. And I commanded him in the voice of Laban, that he should go with me into the treasury. And he supposed me to be his master, Laban, for he beheld the garments and also the sword girded about my loins. And he spake unto me concerning the elders of the Jews, he knowing that his master, Laban, had been out by night among them. And I spake unto him as if it had been Laban. And I also spake unto him that I should carry the engravings, which were upon the plates of brass, to my elder brethren, who were without the walls. (1 Nephi 4:20–24) The earliest records possessed by the Nephites were the brass plates brought from Jerusalem. These plates had been kept in “the treasury of Laban,” whence Nephi retrieved them. The concept of keeping books in a treasury, while strange to the modern mind, was a common practice anciently, and the term often denoted what we would today call a library. Ezra 5:17–6:2 speaks of a “treasure house” containing written records. The Aramaic word rendered “treasure” in this passage is ginzayyâ, from the root meaning “to keep, hide” in both Hebrew and Aramaic. In Esther 3:9 and 4:7, the Hebrew word of the same origin is used to denote a treasury where money is kept.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Layout
    ִהְיסְטֹורָיה ִצּיֹונּות צִ ּיֹונּות What is the story behind the Israeli flag? The history of the flag of Israel has its genesis in the Zionist movement The question of the flag of the Jewish state has already been discussed in 1896 in the book "The State of the Jews " by Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl. The following is a description of the flag as it appears in the book: “We have no flag. We need a flag. While you want to lead many people, it is necessary to swing a symbol over their heads” "I imagine a white flag with seven gold stars. The white symbolizes the new, pure life; The stars are the seven hours of our workday”. What is the story behind Herzl's seven-star flag proposal? 7 During preparations for the First Zionist Congress in Basel, 1886 Herzl raised the flag issue again, and tried to persuade the peopleto accept his flag idea, but most of the people was not excited by is flag design Suddenly one of Herzl's close friends, David Wolfson , stood up and said: “Why do we have to search? Here is our national flag.” Why are there stripes on the Israeli flag? ….and it is blue and white. :with which we wrap ourselves when we pray טַלִ ית The from its bag and טַלִ ית that is our symbol. Let us take this unroll it before the eyes of all Jews and the eyes of all nations. Then he ordered a blue and white flag with a Star of David on it.
    [Show full text]
  • Flags of Asia
    Flags of Asia Item Type Book Authors McGiverin, Rolland Publisher Indiana State University Download date 27/09/2021 04:44:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/12198 FLAGS OF ASIA A Bibliography MAY 2, 2017 ROLLAND MCGIVERIN Indiana State University 1 Territory ............................................................... 10 Contents Ethnic ................................................................... 11 Afghanistan ............................................................ 1 Brunei .................................................................. 11 Country .................................................................. 1 Country ................................................................ 11 Ethnic ..................................................................... 2 Cambodia ............................................................. 12 Political .................................................................. 3 Country ................................................................ 12 Armenia .................................................................. 3 Ethnic ................................................................... 13 Country .................................................................. 3 Government ......................................................... 13 Ethnic ..................................................................... 5 China .................................................................... 13 Region ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Yom Hazikaron and Yom Ha'atzmaut – Israel's
    YOM HAZIKARON AND YOM HA’ATZMAUT – ISRAEL’S MEMORIAL AND INDEPENDENCE DAYS ABOUT THE DAYS Yom HaZikaron , the day preceding Israel’s Independence Day, was declared by the Israeli Knesset to be Memorial Day for those who lost their lives in the struggles that led to the establishment of the State of Israel and for all military personnel who were killed as members of Israel’s armed forces. Joining these two days together conveys a simple message: Jews all around the world owe the independence and the very existence of the Jewish state to those who sacrificed their lives for it. Yom HaZikaron is different in character and mood from our American Memorial Day. In Israel, for 24 hours, all places of public entertainment are closed. The siren wails twice for two minutes throughout the country, first at 8:00 am to usher in the day, and again at 11:00 am before the public recitation of prayers in the military cemeteries. At the sound of the siren, all traffic and daily activities cease; the entire nation is still. Families are gathered in cemeteries and radio stations broadcast programs devoted to the lives of fallen soldiers. The list grows longer every year as Israel continues to labor for its very survival. Flags in Israel are flown at half mast, and the Yizkor (remembrance) prayer for Israel’s fallen soldiers is recited. May God remember His sons and daughters who exposed themselves to mortal danger in those days of struggle prior to the establishment of the State of Israel and (may He remember) the soldiers of the Israeli Defense Forces who fell in the wars of Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Yom's
    - Mourning, Joy and Hope!” and Joy Mourning, - “Not just History; Living Memory Living History; just “Not 5, 4, and 28 and 4, 5, Iyar 27, Nissan April 23, May, 1, 2, and 24 24 and 2, 1, May, 23, April Collective Responses to Recent Jewish History Jewish Recent to Responses Collective Yom Yerushaliem) Yom Yom HaAtzmaut, and HaAtzmaut, Yom HaZikaron, Yom HaShoah, (Yom The Yom’s The All about All Fun Facts The flag of Israel was selected in 1948, only 5 months after the state was established. The flag includes two blue stripes on white background with a blue Shield of David (6 pointed star) in the center. The chosen colors blue & white symbolize trust and honesty. On the afternoon of Jerusalem’s liberation, June 7, 1967, Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Dayan made the following statement from the Western Wall: We have united Jerusalem, the divided capital of Israel. We have returned to the holiest of our holy places, never to part from it again. To our Arab neighbors we extend, also at this hour — and with added emphasis at this hour — our hand in peace. And to our Christian and Muslim fellow citizens, we solemnly promise full religious freedom and rights. We did not come to Jerusalem for the sake of other peoples’ holy places, and not to interfere with the adherents of other faiths, but in order to safeguard its entirety, and to live there together with others, in unity. As long as deep within the heart a Jewish soul stirs, and forward to the ends of the East an eye looks out towards Zion, our hope is not yet lost.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jewish Symbols
    UNIWERSYTET ZIELONOGÓRSKI Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities • Jews nr 6/2016 DOI: 10.1515/pn-2016-0014 ISSN 2084-848X (print) ISSN 2543-9391 (on-line) Krzysztof Łoziński✴ The Jewish symbols KEYWORDS: Jew, Judaism, symbol, archetype, Judaica SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: Żyd, judaizm, symbol, archetyp, judaica In every culture, people have always used symbols giving them sense and assigning them a specific meaning . Over the centuries, with the passage of time religious sym- bols have mingled with secular symbols . The charisms of Judaism have tuallymu in- termingled with the Christian ones taking on a new tribal or national form with in- fluences of their own culture . The aim of this article is to analyze and determine the influence of Judaic symbols on religious and social life of the Jews . The article indicates the sources of symbols from biblical times to the present day . I analyzed the symbols derived from Jewish culture, and those borrowed within the framework of acculturation with other communities as well . By showing examples of the interpenetration of cultures, the text is anattempt to present a wide range of meanings symbols: from the utilitarian, through religious, to national ones . It also describes their impact on the religious sphere, the influence on nurturing and preserving the national-ethnic traditions, sense of identity and state consciousness . The political value of a symbol as one of the elements of the genesisof the creation of the state of Israel is also discussed . “We live in a world of symbols, a world of symbols lives in us “ Jean Chevalier The world is full of symbols .
    [Show full text]
  • The National Left (First Draft) by Shmuel Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv
    The National Left (First Draft) by Shmu'el Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv Open Source Center OSC Summary: A self-published book by Israeli playwright Shmu'el Hasfari and political activist Eldad Yaniv entitled "The National Left (First Draft)" bemoans the death of Israel's political left. http://www.fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israel-left.pdf Statement by the Authors The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors, who also personally bore the modest printing costs. Any part of the material in this book may be photocopied and recorded. It is recommended that it should be kept in a data-storage system, transmitted, or recorded in any form or by any electronic, optical, mechanical means, or otherwise. Any form of commercial use of the material in this book is permitted without the explicit written permission of the authors. 1. The Left The Left died the day the Six-Day War ended. With the dawn of the Israeli empire, the Left's sun sank and the Small [pun on Smol, the Hebrew word for Left] was born. The Small is a mark of Cain, a disparaging term for a collaborator, a lover of Arabs, a hater of Israel, a Jew who turns against his own people, not a patriot. The Small-ists eat pork on Yom Kippur, gobble shrimps during the week, drink espresso whenever possible, and are homos, kapos, artsy-fartsy snobs, and what not. Until 1967, the Left actually managed some impressive deeds -- it took control of the land, ploughed, sowed, harvested, founded the state, built the army, built its industry from scratch, fought Arabs, settled the land, built the nuclear reactor, brought millions of Jews here and absorbed them, and set up kibbutzim, moshavim, and agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Priestly Vestments and the Jerusalem Temple in Flavius Josephus
    AnnetteWeissenrieder Aroadmap to heaven: High-priestly vestments and the Jerusalem Temple in Flavius Josephus In this chapter,Iexamine the architecture of the Jerusalem temple and of priest- ly vestments as loci of religious innovation, which were embedded in Josephus’ complex political and religious agenda.Ialso offer an exploration of Josephus’ ekphrastic treatment of the architectural complexities of the First and Second Temple and the vestments of the priests and high priests. As Imaintain, not only do the priestly and high priestlyvestments represent the Jewish cult of pu- rity,and reflect the orderofthe cosmos to summon the presenceofGod as cre- ator of heaven and earth, but they are alsoofgreat political significance. “When the Romans entered on the government [of Judea], they took possession of the vestments of the highpriest,and […]the captain of the guard lights alamp there every day”.¹ This is the description givenbythe Jewishhistorian Flavius Josephus² of the special vestments worn by the high priests when they enter the HolyofHolies once ayear,onthe DayofAtonement.The highpriesthood was the most important institution of Judaism with regardtoreligious life and governmental powers.Since the Hasmonean John Hyrcanos I(134–104 BCE), the highpriest’svestments had been laid up at the tower on the north sideof the temple.³ Seven days before the festival the vestments were delivered to the priestsand after having purified the vestments, the high priests madeuse of them. The tower was rebuilt by Herod, who named the tower ‘Antonia’ in honour of his friend Marcus Antonius, and the garments were kept there during his reign, as well as thatofhis son Archelaos until Judea came under the direct con- trol of the Romanadministration (4BCE-6CE; AJ 18.93).
    [Show full text]
  • Victory in Athens Kee Tetzee: August 28, 2004
    Victory in Athens Kee Tetzee: August 28, 2004 Although Alexander the Great is treated favorably in Jewish sources contemporaneous with his reign, for he is appropriately lauded for his benign reign and benevolent attitude towards his Jewish subjects, for the most part Greeks do not fare too well in rabbinic literature. The rabbis who, after all, were the individuals who created the modes and standards of Judaism took a dim view of the Greco-Roman world. Hellenistic and Hellenic cultures were lumped together and were seen as the antithesis of the world the rabbis sought to create. Their values clashed harshly with the teachings of our sages and their outlook. The hedonism, materialism and self-indulgence so much a part of the non-Jewish society was scorned. The concept of a pantheon of gods directly conflicted with the Jewish profession for a belief in monotheism. The cruelty of Rome, which imposed its rule and will on others was recorded in our Talmud, and preserved in the martyrology portion of the Yom Kippur liturgy stood in contrast to the system of mercy, compassion and caring for others, the world of hesed and rahmanus, the rabbis sought to devise. Repugnant to the rabbis was the whole concept of the glorification of the human body, as evidenced in the emphasis on athletic competition, especially since the contests were so often conducted in the nude. The rabbis preferred the spiritual realm over the physical, and the very symbol of the stadium with its allure was belittled, for it was the beit midrash, the house of study, where the rabbis felt true meaning, happiness, and eternal bliss could be found.
    [Show full text]
  • Flag of Israel
    Masorti Olami’s Zionist, Modern & Inclusive Simchat Torah Flag Educational Activity Booklet 1 Masorti Olami acknowledges significant support from The World Zionist Organization for this and many other projects 2 Why we made this flag? There is a 300 year old history of Simchat Torah flags and why they carry the designs they do. In October of 2011, the Eretz Yisrael Museum in Tel Aviv held an exhibition of Simchat Torah flags starting in 1940 with the establishment of the State of Israel. The flags were a microcosm of the changes that Israel has been through in the last 60+ years. Over the past few years we have received several requests from our Masorti/ Conservative kehillot (communities) around the world for Simchat Torah flags that were suitable for their congregations. They voiced frustration that they could only find flags that were suitable for the orthodox Jewish world. So we set out to create a flag that spoke to modern, pluralistic and liberal Jews, in the hope that it too would recognize the change that Judaism has undergone in modern times. Our aim was that with just one look at the flag, people all over the world would know who we are and what we believe in. Flags of the world – Jewish peoplehood. Prominence of the Israeli Flag and Hebrew writing – Zionism and the centrality of the State of Israel. Women wearing tallit and holding a Torah – Egalitarianism. Different Ethnicities and a Sephardi Torah – Diversity. Kids in youth group shirts – the importance of investing in the next generation. Physically challenged young woman in a wheel chair – Inclusivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel- Language and Culture.Pdf
    Study Guide Israel: Country and Culture Introduction Israel is a republic on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea that borders Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt. A Jewish nation among Arab and Christian neighbors, Israel is a cultural melting pot that reflects the many immigrants who founded it. Population: 8,002,300 people Capital: Jerusalem Languages: Hebrew and Arabic Flag of Israel Currency: Israeli New Sheckel History Long considered a homeland by various names—Canaan, Judea, Palestine, and Israel—for Jews, Arabs, and Christians, Great Britain was given control of the territory in 1922 to establish a national home for the Jewish people. Thousands of Jews immigrated there between 1920 and 1930 and laid the foundation for communities of cooperative villages known as “kibbutzim.” A kibbutz is a cooperative village or community, where all property is collectively owned and all members contribute labor to the group. Members work according to their capacity and receive food, clothing, housing, medical services, and other domestic services in exchange. Dining rooms, kitchens, and stores are central, and schools and children’s dormitories are communal. Assemblies elected by a vote of the membership govern each village, and the communal wealth of each village is earned through agricultural, entrepreneurial, or industrial means. The first kibbutz was founded on the bank of the Jordan River in 1909. This type of community was necessary for the early Jewish immigrants to Palestine. By living and working collectively, they were able to build homes and establish systems to irrigate and farm the barren desert land. At the beginning of the 1930s a large influx of Jewish immigrants came to Palestine from Germany because of the onset of World War II.
    [Show full text]