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Scope of the Risk Evaluation for Asbestos

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Scope of the Risk Evaluation for Asbestos EPA Document# EPA-740-R1-7008 June 2017 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Scope of the Risk Evaluation for Asbestos June 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 5 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 8 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Regulatory History ...................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Assessment History .................................................................................................................... 14 1.3 Data and Information Collection ................................................................................................ 15 2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ..................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Definition, Structure and Physical and Chemical Properties ..................................................... 17 2.1.1 Definition of Asbestos ............................................................................................................ 17 2.1.2 Structure ................................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Asbestos ...................................................................... 18 2.2 Conditions of Use ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.1 Data and Information Sources ............................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Identification of Conditions of Use ........................................................................................ 20 2.3 Exposures ................................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1 Fate and Transport ................................................................................................................ 25 2.3.2 Releases to the Environment ................................................................................................. 26 2.3.3 Presence in the Environment and Biota ................................................................................ 28 2.3.4 Environmental Exposures ...................................................................................................... 29 2.3.5 Human Exposures .................................................................................................................. 29 2.3.5.1 Occupational Exposures ................................................................................................. 29 2.3.5.2 Consumer Exposures ...................................................................................................... 30 2.3.5.3 General Population Exposures ....................................................................................... 31 2.3.5.4 Potentially Exposed or Susceptible Subpopulations ...................................................... 31 2.4 Hazards (Effects) ......................................................................................................................... 33 2.4.1 Environmental Hazards .......................................................................................................... 33 2.4.2 Human Health Hazards .......................................................................................................... 33 2.4.2.1 Non-Cancer Hazards ....................................................................................................... 33 2.4.2.2 Genotoxicity and Cancer Hazards................................................................................... 34 2.4.2.3 Potentially Exposed or Susceptible Subpopulations ...................................................... 35 2.5 Initial Conceptual Models .......................................................................................................... 35 2.5.1 Initial Conceptual Model for Industrial and Commercial Activities and Uses: Potential Exposures and Hazards .......................................................................................................... 35 2.5.2 Initial Conceptual Model for Consumer Activities and Uses: Potential Exposures and Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 38 2.5.3 Initial Conceptual Model for Environmental Releases and Wastes: Potential Exposures and Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 40 2.6 Initial Analysis Plan ..................................................................................................................... 42 2.6.1 Exposure ................................................................................................................................ 42 2.6.1.1 Environmental Releases ................................................................................................. 42 2.6.1.2 Environmental Fate ........................................................................................................ 42 Page 2 of 58 2.6.1.3 Environmental Exposures ............................................................................................... 43 2.6.1.4 Occupational Exposures ................................................................................................. 43 2.6.1.5 Consumer Exposures ...................................................................................................... 43 2.6.1.6 General Population ......................................................................................................... 44 2.6.2 Hazards (Effects) .................................................................................................................... 44 2.6.2.1 Environmental Hazards .................................................................................................. 44 2.6.2.2 Human Health Hazards ................................................................................................... 45 2.6.3 Risk Characterization ............................................................................................................. 45 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 46 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix A REGULATORY HISTORY ............................................................................................... 49 A-1 Federal Laws and Regulations .................................................................................................... 49 A-2 State Laws and Regulations ........................................................................................................ 52 A-3 International Laws and Regulations ........................................................................................... 53 Appendix B PROCESS, RELEASE AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE INFORMATION ........................... 54 B-1 Process Information ................................................................................................................... 54 B-1-1 Manufacture and Import ....................................................................................................... 54 B-1-1-1 Manufacturing ................................................................................................................ 54 B-1-1-2 Import ............................................................................................................................. 54 B-1-2 Processing .............................................................................................................................. 54 B-1-2-1 Chlor-Alkali Industry ....................................................................................................... 54 B-1-3 Uses ........................................................................................................................................ 56 B-1-3-1 Oil Industry ..................................................................................................................... 56 B-1-3-2 Use of Sheet Gaskets in Titanium Dioxide Production ................................................... 56 B-1-3-3 Commercial Uses ............................................................................................................ 56 B-1-3-4 Consumer Uses ............................................................................................................... 56 B-1-4 Disposal .................................................................................................................................. 57 B-2 Occupational Exposure Data .....................................................................................................
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