PCR-Based Identification of Erysiphe Pulchra and Phyllactinia Guttata from Cornus Florida Using ITS-Specific Primers
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Overview of the Genus Phyllactinia (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) in Azerbaijan
Plant & Fungal Research (2018) 1(1): 9-17 © The Institute of Botany, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/plantfungalres.2 December 2018 Overview of the genus Phyllactinia (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) in Azerbaijan Dilzara N. Aghayeva1 Key Words: distribution, ectoparasitism, endoparasit- Lamiya V. Abasova ism, host plant, plant pathogen, powdery mildews Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Badamdar 40, Baku, AZ1004, Azerbaijan INTRODUCTION Susumu Takamatsu Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Powdery mildews are one of the frequently encoun- 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan tered plant pathogens and most of them are epiphytic (14 genera from 18), in which they tend to produce hy- Abstract: Intergeneric diversity of powdery mildews phae and reproductive structures on surface of leaves, within the genus Phyllactinia in Azerbaijan was inves- young shoots and inflorescence [Braun, Cook, 2012; tigated using morphological approaches based on re-ex- Glawe, 2008]. These fungi absorb nutrients from plant amination of herbarium specimens kept in Mycological tissue via haustoria, which develops in epidermal cells Herbarium of the Institute of Botany (BAK), Azerbaijan of plants [Braun, Cook, 2012]. Among all powdery mil- National Academy of Sciences and collections of re- dews only four genera demonstrate endoparasitism, of cent years. To contribute detail taxonomic analysis data them Phyllactinia Lév., have partly endoparasitic na- given in literatures was revised. Modern taxonomic and ture. Fungi belonging to these genera penetrate into the nomenclature changes were considered. The host range plant cell via stomata and develop haustoria in paren- and geographical distribution of species residing to the chyma cells. Endoparasitic genera of powdery mildews genus within the country were clarified. -
Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10 -
New Powdery Mildew on Tomatoes
NEW POWDERY MILDEW ON TOMATOES Heather Scheck, Plant Pathologist Ag Commissioner’s Office, Santa Barbara County POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Powdery mildew fungi are obligate, biotrophic parasites of the phylum Ascomycota of the Kingdom Fungi. The diseases they cause are common, widespread, and easily recognizable Individual species of powdery mildew fungi typically have a narrow host range, but the ones that infect Tomato are exceptionally large. Photo from APS Net POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Unlike most fungal pathogens, powdery mildew fungi tend to grow superficially, or epiphytically, on plant surfaces. During the growing season, hyphae and spores are produced in large colonies that can coalesce Infections can also occur on stems, flowers, or fruit (but not tomato fruit) Our climate allows easy overwintering of inoculum and perfect summer temperatures for epidemics POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Specialized absorption cells, termed haustoria, extend into the plant epidermal cells to obtain nutrition. Powdery mildew fungi can completely cover the exterior of the plant surfaces (leaves, stems, fruit) POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Conidia (asexual spores) are also produced on plant surfaces during the growing season. The conidia develop either singly or in chains on specialized hyphae called conidiophores. Conidiophores arise from the epiphytic hyphae. This is the Anamorph. Courtesy J. Schlesselman POWDERY MILDEW BIOLOGY Some powdery mildew fungi produce sexual spores, known as ascospores, in a sac-like ascus, enclosed in a fruiting body called a chasmothecium (old name cleistothecium). This is the Teleomorph Chasmothecia are generally spherical with no natural opening; asci with ascospores are released when a crack develops in the wall of the fruiting body. -
Early Detection and Identification of the Main Fungal Pathogens
Article Early Detection and Identification of the Main Fungal Pathogens for Resistance Evaluation of New Genotypes of Forest Trees Konstantin A. Shestibratov 1, Oleg Yu. Baranov 2, Natalya M. Subbotina 1, Vadim G. Lebedev 1, Stanislav V. Panteleev 2, Konstantin V. Krutovsky 3,4,5,6,* and Vladimir E. Padutov 2 1 Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, Moscow 142290, Russia; [email protected] (K.A.S.); [email protected] (N.M.S.); [email protected] (V.G.L.) 2 Laboratory for Genetics and Biotechnology, Forest Research Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 71 Proletarskaya Str., Gomel 246001, Belarus; [email protected] (O.Y.B.); [email protected] (S.V.P.); [email protected] (V.E.P.) 3 Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, George-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany 4 Laboratory of Population Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia 5 Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok, 50a/2, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia 6 Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2138, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-551-339-3537 Received: 31 October 2018; Accepted: 19 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: The growing importance of forest plantations increases the demand for phytopathogen resistant forest trees. This study describes an effective method for early detection and identification of the main fungal phytopathogens in planting material of silver birch (Betula pendula) and downy birch (B. -
Ascocarp Development in Anthracobia Melaloma
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF HAROLD JULIUS LARSEN, JR. for the MASTER OF ARTS (Name) (Degree) in BOTANY presented on it (Major) (Date) Title: ASCOCA.RP DEVELOPMENT IN ANTHRACOBIA MELALOMA. Abstract approved:Redacted for privacy William C. Denison Cultural and developmental characteristics of a collection of Anthracobia melaloma with a brown hymeniurn and a barred exterior appearance were examined.It grows well in culture on CM and CMMY agar media and has a growth rate of 17 mm in 18 hours.It is heterothallic and produces asexual rnultinucleate arthrospores after incubation at 300C or above for several days in succession.These arthrospores germinate readily after transfer to fresh media. Antheridial hyphae and archicarps are produced by both mating types although the negative mating type isolates producemore abun- dant archicarps.Antheridia are indistinguishable from vegetative hyphae until just prior to plasmogamy when they become swollen. Septal pads arise on the septa separating the cells of the trichogyne and ascogonium subsequent to plasmogamy and persist throughout development. The paraphyses, the ectal and medullary excipulum, and the excipular hairs are all derived from the sheathing hyphae. Ascogenous hyphae and asci are derived from the largest cells of the ascogonium. A haploid chromosome number of four is confirmed for the species. Exposure to fluorescent light was unnecessary for apothecial induction, but did enhance apothecial maturation and the production of hyrnenial carotenoid pigments.Constant exposure to light inhibited -
Descriptors for Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.)
Descriptors for Hazelnut(Corylus avellana L.) List of Descriptors Allium (E, S) 2001 Pearl millet (E/F) 1993 Almond (revised)* (E) 1985 Pepino (E) 2004 Apple* (E) 1982 Phaseolus acutifolius (E) 1985 Apricot* (E) 1984 Phaseolus coccineus* (E) 1983 Avocado (E/S) 1995 Phaseolus lunatus (P) 2001 Bambara groundnut (E, F) 2000 Phaseolus vulgaris* (E, P) 1982 Banana (E, S, F) 1996 Pigeonpea (E) 1993 Barley (E) 1994 Pineapple (E) 1991 Beta (E) 1991 Pistachio (A, R, E, F) 1997 Black pepper (E/S) 1995 Pistacia (excluding Pistacia vera) (E) 1998 Brassica and Raphanus (E) 1990 Plum* (E) 1985 Brassica campestris L. (E) 1987 Potato variety* (E) 1985 Buckwheat (E) 1994 Quinua* (E) 1981 Cañahua (S) 2005 Rambutan 2003 Capsicum (E/S) 1995 Rice* (E) 2007 Cardamom (E) 1994 Rocket (E, I) 1999 Carrot (E, S, F) 1998 Rye and Triticale* (E) 1985 Cashew* (E) 1986 Safflower* (E) 1983 Cherry* (E) 1985 Sesame (E) 2004 Chickpea (E) 1993 Setaria italica and S. pumilia (E) 1985 Citrus (E, F, S) 1999 Shea tree (E) 2006 Coconut (E) 1995 Sorghum (E/F) 1993 Coffee (E, S, F) 1996 Soyabean* (E/C) 1984 Cotton (revised)* (E) 1985 Strawberry (E) 1986 Cowpea (E, P)* 1983 Sunflower* (E) 1985 Cultivated potato* (E) 1977 Sweet potato (E/S/F) 1991 Date Palm (F) 2005 Taro (E, F, S) 1999 Durian (E) 2007 Tea (E, S, F) 1997 Echinochloa millet* (E) 1983 Tomato (E, S, F) 1996 Eggplant (E/F) 1990 Tropical fruit (revised)* (E) 1980 Faba bean* (E) 1985 Ulluco (S) 2003 Fig (E) 2003 Vigna aconitifolia and V. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
Introduction Molds Are a Natural and Important Part of Our Environment
Introduction Molds are a natural and important part of our environment. They are ubiquitous and are found virtually everywhere. Molds produce tiny spores to reproduce. These spores can be found in both indoor and outdoor air and on indoor and outdoor surfaces. When mold spores land on a damp spot, they may begin growing and digesting whatever they are growing on in order to survive, leading to adverse conditions. In response to increasing public concern, a number of government authorities, including the United States EPA, California Department of Health Services and New York City Department of Health, have developed recommendations and guidelines for assessment and remediation of mold. Websites for these organizations can be found at the end of this report. While it is generally accepted that molds can be allergenic and can lead to adverse health conditions in susceptible people, unfortunately there are no widely accepted or regulated interpretive standards or numerical guidelines for the interpretation of microbial data. The absence of standards often makes interpretation of microbial data difficult and controversial. This report has been designed to provide some basic interpretive information using certain assumptions and facts that have been extracted from a number of peer reviewed texts, such as the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). In the absence of standards, the user must determine the appropriateness and applicability of this report to any given situation. Identification of the presence of a particular fungus in an indoor environment does not necessarily mean that the building occupants are or are not being exposed to antigenic or toxic agents. -
Kentucky Nursery LISTSERV Bulletin University of Kentucky Nursery Crops Team End of August 2015
Kentucky Nursery LISTSERV Bulletin University of Kentucky Nursery Crops Team End of August 2015 Why are (x) species of trees damaged or defoliated? Is it a disease? Without inspecting the affected plant and a tissue sample, we cannot diagnose a disease. However, we have been receiving questions from growers, landscapers, and arborists around the state about certain species “looking terrible” this summer. Nursery Crops Team The combination of record low temperatures, wind, low humidity, and sun over the winter of 2014-2015 has resulted in widespread winter injury to numerous species Winston Dunwell which are only marginally hardy in our climate, which had survived previous milder Extension Professor winters. 270.365.7541 x209 Examples include: Japanese aucuba (Aucuba japonica) Dewayne Ingram Boxwood (Buxus spp.) Extension Professor 859.257.8903 Chinese holly, Burford holly (Ilex cornuta) Meserve hollies (Ilex x meserveae ‘China Girl’ and other cultivars) Carey Grable Monkey grass (Mondo japonica) Extension Associate Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandifolia) 270-348-1494 Laurel cherries, schip laurels (Prunus laurocerasus) Leyland cypress (x Cupressocyparis leylandii) Joshua Knight Extension Associate Sunscald is another form of winter injury which is almost always limited to young, 859.257.1273 recently installed landscape trees. It is more common on species with thin bark https://nursery-crop- than trees with thick or exfoliating bark. Problematic species include: extension.ca.uky.edu/ Maple (Acer spp.) Linden (Tilia spp.) Pear (Pyrus spp.) Crabapple (Malus spp.) Cherry, plum (Prunus spp.) Willow (Salix spp.) In This Issue Powdery mildew of Dogwood Bacterial leaf scorch Boxwood blight Spider mites Two-spotted Spider Mite on wild rose — Photo: Peter J. -
Mycology Praha
-71— ^ . I VOLUME 49 / I— ( I—H MAY 1996 M y c o lo g y l CZECH SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY FOR MYCOLOGY PRAHA N| ,G ) §r%OV___ M rjMYCn i ISSN 0009-0476 I n i ,G ) o v J < Vol. 49, No. 1, May 1996 CZECH MYCOLOGY formerly Česká mykologie published quarterly by the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief ZDENĚK POUZAR (Praha) Managing editor JAROSLAV KLÁN (Praha) VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN (Brno) JIŘÍ KUNERT (Olomouc) OLGA FASSATIOVÁ (Praha) LUDMILA MARVANOVA (Brno) ROSTISLAV FELLNER (Praha) PETR PIKÁLEK (Praha) JOSEF HERINK (Mnichovo Hradiště) MIRKO SVRČEK (Praha) ALEŠ LEBEDA (Olomouc) Czech Mycology is an international scientific journal publishing papers in all aspects of mycology. Publication in the journal is open to members of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology and non-members. Contributions to: Czech Mycology, National Museum, Department of Mycology, Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 P raha 1, Czech Republic. Phone: 02/24497259 SUBSCRIPTION. Annual subscription is Kč 250,- (including postage). The annual sub scription for abroad is US $86,- or DM 136,- (including postage). The annual member ship fee of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology (Kč 160,- or US $60,- for foreigners) includes the journal without any other additional payment. For subscriptions, address changes, payment and further information please contact The Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, P.O.Box 106, 111 21 Praha 1, Czech Republic. Copyright © The Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, Prague, 1996 No. 4 of the vol. 48 of Czech Mycology appeared in March 14, 1996 CZECH MYCOLOGY Publication of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology Volume 49 May 1996 Number 1 A new species of Mycoleptodiscus from Australia K a t s u h i k o A n d o Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. -
Taxonomic Utility of Old Names in Current Fungal Classification and Nomenclature: Conflicts, Confusion & Clarifications
Mycosphere 7 (11): 1622–1648 (2016) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article – special issue Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/7/11/2 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Taxonomic utility of old names in current fungal classification and nomenclature: Conflicts, confusion & clarifications Dayarathne MC1,2, Boonmee S1,2, Braun U7, Crous PW8, Daranagama DA1, Dissanayake AJ1,6, Ekanayaka H1,2, Jayawardena R1,6, Jones EBG10, Maharachchikumbura SSN5, Perera RH1, Phillips AJL9, Stadler M11, Thambugala KM1,3, Wanasinghe DN1,2, Zhao Q1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Jeewon R12* 1Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 2Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan China3Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China 4Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China5Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123,Oman 6Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No 9 of ShuGuangHuaYuanZhangLu, Haidian District Beijing 100097, China 7Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle, Germany 8Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands. 9University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal. 10Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand 11Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Dept. -
EU-Spain Cherry RA.Docx
Importation of Cherry [Prunus avium United States (L.) L.] from Continental Spain into Department of Agriculture the Continental United States Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Pest March 12, 2015 Risk Assessment Version 3 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Cherries from Continental Spain Executive Summary The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prepared this risk assessment document to examine plant pest risks associated with importing commercially produced fresh fruit of cherry [Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosaceae)] for consumption from continental Spain into the continental United States. Based on the scientific literature, port-of-entry pest interception data, and information from the government of Spain, we developed a list of all potential pests with actionable regulatory status for the continental United States that are known to occur in continental Spain and that are known to be associated with the commodity plant species anywhere in the world. From this list, we identified and further analyzed 9 organisms that have a reasonable likelihood of being associated with the commodity following harvesting from the field and prior to any post-harvest processing. Of the pests