Detecting Rare Diseases in Electronic Health Records Using Machine Learning and Knowledge Engineering: Case Study of Acute Hepatic Porphyria
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Unmet Medical Device Needs for Patients with Rare Diseases
Contents Page i CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... ii Background ................................................................................................................................. ii Methods ....................................................................................................................................... ii Survey Respondents ................................................................................................................... iii Findings ...................................................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Unmet Device Needs in Rare Diseases ....................................................................................... 1 Purpose of This Needs Assessment ............................................................................................. 2 Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Stakeholder Consultations ........................................................................................................... 4 Survey Methodology .................................................................................................................. -
Liver Transplantation for the Management of Acute Intermittent
nd Gas y a tro g in lo t o e t s a t i p n Journal of Hepatology and e a l H D f i o s Kappus at al., J Hepatol Gastroint Dis 2017, 3:1 l o a r d ISSN:n 2475-3181 r e u r s o J Gastrointestinal Disorders DOI: 10.4172/2475-3181.1000141 Case Report Open Access Liver Transplantation for the Management of Acute Intermittent Porphyria: A Case Report Matthew R Kappus1, Bryant B Summers2, Jennifer S Byrns2*, Carl L Berg1 and Julius M Wilder1 1Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC, United States 2Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Hospital, Durham NC, United States *Corresponding author: Jennifer S Byrns, Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Hospital, DUMC BOX 3089, Durham, NC 27710, United States, Tel: 919-681-0677; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: December 27, 2016; Accepted date: January 16, 2017; Published date: January 20, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Kappus MR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract We report a single patient with acute intermittent porphyria whose porphyria was successfully treated with orthotopic liver transplantation. She had a very poor quality of life as a result of years of frequent acute porphyria symptoms manifesting as abdominal pain crises. After transplantation, clinical signs of porphyria resolved as expected. This case adds to a growing body of literature which is assisting to formulate the indications for, and the timing of, transplantation for AIP. -
Disease Gene Mapping in Isolated Human Populations: the Example of Finland
J Med Genet 1993; 30: 857-865 857 MEDICAL GENETICS AROUND THE WORLD J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmg.30.10.857 on 1 October 1993. Downloaded from Disease gene mapping in isolated human populations: the example of Finland Albert de la Chapelle The recent surge of interest in isolated human published ones. Moreover, ascertainment is populations can be attributed largely to the usually more complete in Finland than in advances in molecular genetics that now ap- many other populations. Third, not surpris- pear to produce an endless array of new data. ingly, recent evidence suggests that the figures However, the organised study of inherited for cases 'elsewhere' will often turn out to be traits and disorders in isolated populations much higher. For instance, retinoschisis is started several decades ago. For example, at increasingly diagnosed in unrelated patients the beginning of the second half of this century worldwide,'3 progressive myoclonus epilepsy several enthusiastic investigators at the De- appears to be quite prevalent in the Mediter- partment of Paediatrics, University ofHelsinki ranean region,'4 and congenital chloride diar- began to document rare diseases in Finns that rhoea occurs with high frequency in Poland'5 either had not been previously described or and around the Persian Gulf.'6 In conclusion, were very rare elsewhere. The 'flagship' dis- however, most of the disorders listed in tables ease was congenital nephrosis described by 1 and 2 show remarkably high incidences in Hallman et all and established as an autosomal Finland relative to most other populations. recessive disorder by Norio.2 These were the heydays of biochemical genetics. -
Orphan Drug Act and the Development of Products for Rare Diseases
The Orphan Drug Act and the Development of Products for Rare Diseases Mathew T. Thomas, MD Office of Orphan Products Development Food and Drug Administration Telephone: 301-827-3666 Email: [email protected] The Office of Orphan Drug Development at the FDA works closely and in collaboration with the Office of Rare Disease Research Presentation Outline • Orphan Drug Act (1983) • “Orphan” drugs and diseases • Functions of the Office of Orphan Product Development (OOPD) • Financial incentives of orphan drug status • OOPD grant program • Incentive for tropical disease products • OOPD device regulation TheThe U.S.U.S. OrphanOrphan DrugDrug ActAct (ODA)(ODA) SignedSigned inin 19831983 US Congress established the public policy that the Federal Government could/would assist in the development of products for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of rare diseases or conditions. WhatWhat isis anan OrphanOrphan Drug?Drug? • A drug (or biologic) intended to treat a rare disease or condition affecting fewer than 200,000 persons in the United States or • A drug (or biologic) which will not be profitable within 7 years following approval by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration What is an Orphan Disease? • Affects <200,000 persons in the US • Affects >200,000 in US, no expectation that therapeutic development costs will be recovered from sales in the US • 6,000 rare diseases • Affects 25 million Americans Principle functions of the FDA Office of Orphan Product Development. 1. Designate drugs as having “orphan status” 2. Award grants for clinical -
Hereditary Corpoporphyria Presenting with Deep Jaundice and Photosensitivity
ANNALS OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2001, 14(4):319-324 Case report Hereditary corpoporphyria presenting with deep jaundice and photosensitivity D. Kapetanos, P. Xiarhos, E. Kapetis1, A. Avgerinos, A. Ilias, G. Kokozidis, G. Kitis CASE REPORT SUMMARY A 20-year old woman was referred to our department Hereditary coproporphyria is a rare hepatic porphyria with from another hospital in May 2000, due to painless jaun- symptoms similar to acute intermittent porphyria. Photo- dice and pruritus. She reported having dark urine and sensitivity is not described in the latter. We report the case pale stools for two weeks and jaundice for 10 days be- of a young female with deep jaundice, photosensitivity, ane- fore admission. mia, renal failure and no abdominal pain. Hereditary co- proporphyria was diagnosed and the patient was discharged The patient had no past medical history, with no ne- after 111 days in full recovery. She was readmitted after 45 onatal jaundice, had received no medications during the days with abdominal pain and no jaundice or photosensi- previous months and had no alcohol consumption in the tivity. Severe neuropathy developed which caused tetrapare- past. She was on a diet in order to lose weight (her initial sis and deterioration of the respiratory muscle function. weight was 80 kg) and had been using home insecticides Haem arginate was administered with gradual improvement several days before. Her parents reported a family histo- of neuropathy. ry of thalassemia major. Key words: Hereditary corpoporphyria, jaundice, photosen- On admission she was icteric. She had 2-3 blisters on sitivity, neuropathy, haem arginate her face with serous yellow colored fluid. -
1St Quarter 2020
1st Quarter, 2020 PORPHYRIA AWARENESS WEEK 2020 APRIL 18-25 #ASKMEABOUTPORPHYRIA Porphyria Awareness week is an op- pated in health fairs, educational seminars, portunity for you to create awareness fundraising and various media events. As in your community! We strive to dedicate we prepare for Porphyria Awareness Week, this week to promote Porphyria, reduce the we want to encourage you to enhance and stigma associated with porphyria through raise porphyria awareness within your local education and provide support for those communities. affected. The American Porphyria Foundation will The American Porphyria Foundation is here continue to partner with other internation- to support you with ideas, brochures, ma- al porphyria advocacy organizations to in- terials, social media fi les (including Logo crease awareness around porphyria. Files, DVDs, Porphyria Fact Sheets, Press Release – and any other support that you What are your plans this year for Porphyr- may need to raise awareness about Por- ia Awareness Week? We want to know - phyria in your community, to the general Send your plans to Iany Schneider, APF public or to physicians. In recent years, many of you have partici- Offi ce Manager, via email at [email protected]. WHAT CAN YOU DO? Wear purple for Porphyria! Some have had a class or an offi ce Assist at medical conventions or health fairs wear purple for the day in support of porphyria. to educate laypersons and physicians on porphyria. Ask your hospital or doctor if there is a local meeting Educate friends and family. Send an email, a so- where you can hand out materials or tell your expe- cial media post, or send a letter about your experience rience. -
Module 01: Classification of Porphyria
MODULE 01 Classification of Porphyria Do not reprint, reproduce, modify or distribute this material without the prior written permission of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. © 20120199 Alnylam PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals,, Inc.Inc. All rights reserved. -USA-00001-092018 1 Porphyria—A Rare Disease of Clinical Consequence • Porphyria is a group of at least 8 metabolic disorders1,2 – Each subtype of porphyria involves a genetic defect in a heme biosynthesis pathway enzyme1,2 – The subtypes of porphyria are associated with distinct signs and symptoms in patient populations that can differ by gender and age1,3 • Prevalence of some subtypes of porphyria may be higher than generally assumed3 Estimated Prevalence of Most Common Subtypes of Porphyria1,4 Estimated Prevalence Based on European Subtype of Porphyria and US Data Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) 1/10,000 (EU)1 0.118-1/20,000 (EU)1,4 Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) 5/100,000 (US)1 Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) 1/50,000-75,000 (EU)1 1. Ramanujam V-MS, Anderson KE. Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2015;86:17.20.1-17.20.26. 2. Puy H et al. Lancet. 2010;375:924-937. 3. Bissell DM et al. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:862-872. 4. Elder G et al. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2013;36:848-857. Do not reprint, reproduce, modify or distribute this material without the prior written permission of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. © 2019 Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. All rights reserved. -USA-00001-092018 2 Classification of Porphyria Porphyria can be classified in 2 major ways1,2: 1 According to major physiological sites: liver or 2 According to major clinical manifestations1,2 bone marrow1,2 • Heme precursors originate in either the liver or Acute Versus Photocutaneous Porphyria bone marrow, which are the tissues most • Major clinical manifestations are either neurovisceral active in heme biosynthesis1,2 symptoms (eg, severe, diffuse abdominal pain) associated with acute exacerbations or cutaneous lesions resulting from phototoxicity1,2 • Acute hepatic porphyria may be somewhat of a misnomer since the clinical features may be prolonged and chronic3 1. -
Advances in Hematology
ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY Current Developments in the Management of Hematologic Disorders Hematology Section Editor: Craig M. Kessler, MD What Hematologists Need to Know About Acute Hepatic Porphyria Manisha Balwani, MD, MS Associate Professor Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York H&O What is porphyria? H&O How common is acute hepatic porphyria? MB The porphyrias encompass a group of inherited MB Based on estimates from Western Europe, the metabolic disorders that result from a deficiency of one of combined prevalence of the acute hepatic porphyrias the enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. These are among the white population is approximately 1 in genetic disorders; they can be inherited in an autosomal 200,000. These disorders are more common in certain dominant or recessive X-linked pattern; or they may be parts of the world because of founder mutations. For sporadic, as with porphyria cutanea tarda. example, the carrier frequency of acute intermittent porphyria is much higher in the Scandinavian countries, H&O How many types of porphyria exist? and variegate porphyria is much more common in South Africa.1 MB There are 8 different kinds of porphyria. These may be Even where the incidence is high, symptoms related classified as hepatic or erythropoietic based on the primary to these disorders remain rare. In fact, most patients who site of accumulation of porphyrins, but more commonly inherit a genetic change do not manifest symptoms of the they are classified clinically as acute or cutaneous. The acute disorder—the disease remains latent in a vast majority of hepatic porphyrias include acute intermittent porphyria these patients. -
Here Are Some of the Points I Would Like to Make As a Finnish Mother of a Intellectually Disabled Rare Disease Child and Patient Group Activist
Hi! Here are some of the points I would like to make as a Finnish mother of a intellectually disabled rare disease child and patient group activist. Question 1: Is the current EU definition of a rare disease satisfactory? I would like the words "or rare syndrome" to be included in the definition of rare disease which I otherwise agree with. Question 2: Do you agree that there is a pressing need to improve coding and classification in this area? Yes. For example microdeletion syndromes are very individual and the diagnosis or classification may be based on known phenotype of an individual gene in the microdeletion area. Question 4: Should the European Reference Networks privilege the transfer of knowledge? The mobility of patients? Both? How? I would prefer one national center for rare disease or syndromes with congenital heart conditions. We are willing to travel to the capital from the north in order to see doctors with adequate expertise. There are no specialists in the country for my child's condition. Nearest ones are in the UK but traveling there is too much to manage. As a requirement for centers of reference for rare disease I have to insist that clear practical instructions are set that include for an example intellectually disabled, non-verbal and severely disabled rare disease patients to get the same level of care as everyone else. Active control and measurement of discrimination in the health care "chain" also in the form of delay in receiving care must be required and results published EU wide. Although this might seem unneccesary in light of real cases that have to my attention recently it is not given that doctors would not refuse blood tests, IV-fluids or referrals to specialists if the patient is severely disabled or intellectually disabled and often this discrimination is not recorded in the system at all. -
2007 Budget Justification
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Human Genome Research Institute FY 2007 Budget Page No. Organization chart............................................................................................................ 2 Appropriation language ................................................................................................... 3 Amounts available for obligation..................................................................................... 4 Justification narrative....................................................................................................... 5 Budget mechanism table.................................................................................................. 19 Budget authority by activity............................................................................................. 20 Summary of changes........................................................................................................ 21 Budget authority by object............................................................................................... 23 Salaries and expenses....................................................................................................... 24 Significant items in House and Senate Appropriations Committee Reports ................... 25 Authorizing legislation..................................................................................................... 29 Appropriations history .................................................................................................... -
Supporting Rare Disease Drug Development: CDER's Rare Diseases Program
Supporting Rare Disease Drug Development: CDER’s Rare Diseases Program Larry Bauer Regulatory Scientist Rare Diseases Program CDER OND IO 2017 Roadmap for Engaging with the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Disclosures -No Conflicts of Interest -Nothing to Report -Opinions expressed are personal and do not reflect those of the FDA www.fda.gov 2 Outline • Rare Diseases/Orphan Drugs • Orphan Drug Development • Special Challenges for Rare Pediatric Diseases • Rare Diseases Program • Rare Pediatric Disease Priority Review Vouchers www.fda.gov 3 Rare Diseases/Orphan Drugs Orphan/rare disease Affects <200,000 persons in the US Tend to be challenging drugs to develop Orphan Drug Act Few patients available for study passed in 1983 Highly diverse group of disorders ∗ 10 years before – 10 drugs ~7,000 different disorders approved for Most are serious, most have unmet Orphan diseases medical needs ∗ Since 1983, 500+ Affect ~30 million Americans drugs approved (9 in 2016) Collectively, a large public concern www.fda.gov 4 Orphan Drug Development *Clinical Investigations are usually conducted under an Investigational New Drug (IND) application *Orphan Drug Act does not define separate regulatory standards for the safety and effectiveness of drugs to treat rare diseases www.fda.gov 5 Orphan Drug Development *Requires at least one adequate and well-controlled trial (§314.126) *FDA is required to exercise its scientific judgment to determine the kind and quantity of data and information an applicant is required to provide for a particular drug -
Rare Disease Genes—Lessons and Challenges Leena Peltonen1 and Annukka Uusitalo
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 26, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Insight/Outlook Rare Disease Genes—Lessons and Challenges Leena Peltonen1 and Annukka Uusitalo Department of Human Molecular Genetics, National Public Health Institute and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland The fiercest competition in the field the history of affected individuals, ground. The strategy of using only a few of human genetics takes place in the which suggests that there is one major DNA samples has been highly successful area of genetic diseases that are common ancestor mutation. This situation allows in the locus identification of many rare at the population level—this is primarily the adoption of unique strategies to diseases (Nikali et al. 1995; van Soest et attributable to the potential commercial search for a causative locus: similarity al. 1996, this issue). utilization of emerging data. However, searches for the disease locus using DNA The phenomenon of shared alleles in dissection of the molecular background samples from just a few affected indi- affected individuals or significant devia- of many extremely rare diseases has viduals and searches for shared alleles or tion in the allelic frequencies of poly- proven to be highly useful for the de- homozygosity of genotypes. Using this morphic markers in disease chromo- tailed characterization of cellular dys- approach, an initial genome scan with somes compared to control chromo- function and the identification of novel 400 markers can be carried out in just a somes is called linkage disequilibrium. metabolic pathways, broadening our few days as compared to the weeks or This is sometimes observed with mark- understanding of biological processes in months required for genotyping all fam- ers over amazingly wide intervals, as ex- general.