NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form

This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions.

1. Name of Property Historic name: _North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Documentation and Boundary Increase)_ Other names/site number: _Old Town______Name of related multiple property listing: _N/A______(Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ______2. Location Street & number: ______City or town: _Lansing______State: _Michigan______County: _Ingham______Not For Publication: Vicinity: ______3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property _X_ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: ___national ___statewide _X_ local Applicable National Register Criteria: _X_ A ___B _X_ C ___D

Signature of certifying official/Title: Date ______State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.

Signature of commenting official: Date

Title : State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

______4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) ______

______Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ______5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private: X

Public – Local X

Public – State

Public – Federal

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

Category of Property (Check only one box.)

Building(s)

District X

Site

Structure

Object

Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Contributing Noncontributing _____70______8______buildings

______0______0______sites

______2______2______structures

______2______0______objects

______74______10______Total

Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register _44______6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) _COMMERCE/TRADE: business_ _COMMERCE/TRADE: professional_ _COMMERCE/TRADE: specialty store_ _COMMERCE/TRADE: restaurant_ _INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: manufacturing facility_ _INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: energy facility_ _SOCIAL/meeting hall_ _DOMESTIC/single dwelling_ _EDUCATION/school_

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State _RELIGIOUS/religious facility_

Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) _COMMERCE/TRADE: business_ _COMMERCE/TRADE: professional_ _COMMERCE/TRADE: specialty store_ _COMMERCE/TRADE: restaurant_ _INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: manufacturing facility_ _INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRACTION: energy facility_ _DOMESTIC: single dwelling_

______7. Description

Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) _Italianate______Queen Anne______Commercial Style____ _Greek Revival______Colonial Revival______Classical Revival______Modern Movement____

Materials: (enter categories from instructions.) Principal exterior materials of the property: Brick, Stone/Limestone, Concrete, Wood/Weatherboard, Vinyl, Asphalt, ______

Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) ______Summary Paragraph

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The North Lansing Historic Commercial District is located in what is now the north section Lansing, Ingham County, Michigan. The district is centered on the intersection of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street, and extends from the intersection of N. Capitol and W. Cesar E. Chavez eastward past the intersection of N. Larch, and north and south from Chavez to include adjacent blocks of N. Washington Ave., Turner, Center, and Cedar Streets. However, the majority of the district’s resources are located on Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, Turner Street, and North Washington Avenue. The boundaries of the district encompass the historic business district of Lower Town as well as adjacent residential blocks containing the homes of early residents and businessmen. The core of the district was included in an earlier nomination completed in 1976. The district contains commercial blocks, manufacturing buildings, church buildings, and substantial residences, some of which have been converted to commercial use. The district includes some early industrial buildings that catalyzed the district’s growth and includes an early hotel. It includes the large homes of the city’s early business owners and professionals that reflect architectural styles popular from the mid-nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century, and some more modest homes of the middle class. The district’s longest axes are the approximately 0.5 mile along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue from the Pulver Gas Station (127 W.) to include Zoobie’s Old Town Bar (611 E.), and the approximately 0.25 mile along North Washington Avenue from the North Presbyterian Church (108 W. Cesar Chavez) to Oakland Ave. The district contains 121 buildings, mostly two stories in height, which date from circa 1840s to 2000, but are mostly from the late nineteenth century. It also contains four structures (the North Lansing Dam, the Brenke Fish Ladder and Sculpture, the Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge, and an A.T.M. kiosk) and two objects (First House boulder plaque and Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Rail Road marker). A total of 118 of these resources are contributing (including forty-four previously listed in the original district), while ten are Non- Contributing because they are less than fifty years old or have suffered loss of architectural integrity. The district has Italianate and Late Victorian commercial blocks, Greek Revival, Queen Anne and Italianate houses, and later representatives of the Modern Movement that exhibit influences of the International style.

The district has a variety of facades displaying a range of architectural styles that yet form a consistently attractive streetscape. Most of the district is composed of well-preserved buildings, while many of the small number of vacant or insensitively renovated storefronts are currently the focus of restoration activity. The district as a whole continues to convey its significance through its location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.

______Narrative Description

SETTING

The North Lansing Historic Commercial District is located in Lansing’s traditional north side business district, generally bounded by Business Loop 69 and west of Business Loop 96. It is situated along a bend in the Grand River, and its primary east-west street, Cesar E. Chavez

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Avenue, crosses the river. The district’s commercial blocks are lined with secondary landscape tree plantings, while the adjacent former residential district to the south along North Washington Avenue has mature tree-lined streets. The district encompasses some of the earliest history of the City of Lansing, predating the city’s selection as the state capitol in 1847. The historic district contains more than one hundred buildings and comprises the heart of today’s North Lansing, or Old Town. In addition to the commercial buildings, the district also contains two large church buildings and some blocks of residential neighborhoods dominated by large nineteenth and early twentieth-century homes along Washington Ave., the main street historically leading to the rest of Lansing. The district’s visual focal points are the intersections of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, Center and Turner Streets, Washington Avenue, and the Grand River, which flows between the 100 and 200 blocks of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue.

The early City of Lansing extended from the mouth of the Red Cedar River northward and down the Grand River for approximately one-and-a-half miles, and was composed of Upper, Middle and Lower Town defined by their relationship geographically along the Grand River, with the historic district equating to Lower Town, the farthest downstream of the three. These three nodes initially had distinct identities. In fact, the 1863 and 1867 state gazetteers described Lansing as composed of “three villages." Although still identified by these names through the ensuing decades, all were included as parts of Lansing when the city was incorporated in 1859, when its population was about three thousand (Clark 1863: 374; Chapin and Brother 1867: 271). Interestingly, Lansing was never incorporated as a village, as was a common step in the development of many cities in Michigan.

The main thoroughfare through the district is known today as Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, an old state road that generally follows the course of the Grand River and historically connected its settlements to the outside world. The street is an extension of the Grand River turnpike that reached Lansing from the east. Through North Lansing, the old road was first called Franklin Street, named for Benjamin Franklin. In the 1920s the road was renamed Grand River Avenue, which it remained until 2018, when it was renamed Cesar E. Chavez Avenue in honor of the civil rights leader and in recognition of the many Hispanic residents of North Lansing (note: this nomination will use Cesar E. Chavez in the text, rather than the earlier historic names). Center Street was named because it ran through the center of the settlement. Turner, which extends north from the settlement, was named for James Turner. Turner arrived in Lansing in 1847, built the first frame house in the city, and was later involved in establishing both plank roads and railroads to the city (Edmonds 1944: 38).

The “Original Plat of the Town of Michigan – Now the City of Lansing” included almost all of the historic district, extending from the lots on the west side of Sycamore Street on the west eastward past Larch Street to East Street, and south from North Street and continuing south to include lots on the north side of Ionia Street. Later, some subdivisions of this plat were recorded. In 1874 a small subdivision, the Moseley, Howard, et al. Subdivision of a Part of Block 11, was platted along the east side of the river north from East Cesar E. Chavez, twelve lots including a large one on the river frontage on the west side of the 1200 block of Turner Street. By 1895, Seymour’s Subdivision is platted along the east side of the river, extending south from East

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Cesar E. Chavez west of Factory Street south past Wall (Maple) to Water Street, and was occupied by the mill race and railroad siding. In 1927, the Assessor’s Plat No. 31 replatted Block 6 of the Original Plat, the block north of East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. to Clinton Street between Turner and Center streets (Ogle 1895: 42; DLRA 2018a DLRA 2018b; DLRA 2018c).

When the city was divided up into wards, the portion of the historic district east of the Grand River was in the First Ward, and those blocks to the west of the river were in Lansing’s original Fourth Ward, with eastern portion past Cedar Street in the First Ward, although some sources drew the boundary along the Grand River. The population of Lansing grew rapidly after it was selected as the state capital. In 1850, the combined Lansing Township and future city had a population of 1,216 residents, and in 1856 the population increased by about a quarter to 1,560. By 1860, the first census to break out Lansing individually, the settlement had 3,047 residents, by 1870 growing by over seventy percent to 5,244, and by 1880 more than doubling in size to a population of over eight thousand people. The 1874 state atlas shows the Northern Central Michigan Railroad running on the east side of the river along Factory Street and crossing East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. between 313 and 317. Later, merged into the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railroad, this former right-of-way still exists today as a linear strip through the historic district. The 1895 atlas shows that a street railway ran down the center of East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. from near the Michigan Central Railroad Station on East Street and then turns south along the center of Washington Avenue (Beers 1874: 9, 17 Ogle 1895:41-42).

Sanborn Fire Insurance maps provide long-term documentation of the evolution of the built environment of the historic district (Sanborn 1885-1951). The earliest available Sanborn map for the City of Lansing, published in 1885, reveals that the “built up” area warranting coverage by the company only extended along Cesar E. Chavez Ave. from the east bank of the Grand River to Cedar Street and included Center Street to Clinton Street and the area along the east side of the river along the mill race south of Cesar E. Chavez Ave. and along Factory Street. The south side of the 200 and 300 blocks is fully occupied by business blocks, but the north side of the 200 block has the North Lansing Mill and Pearl Mills and the 300 block has several vacant lots. The 400 block is sparsely occupied, and includes the lumber yards of W. B. Stone & Co. and F. I. Moore & Co. at Cedar Street. The south half of the west side of Turner Street north from Cesar E. Chavez Avenue is fully occupied by business blocks, but the east side has a number of vacant lots interspersed with small frame stores; however, the Grange Hall at the north end at Clinton Street is a notable structure. Center Street also has low density occupancy including a number of vacant lots and dwellings. Development was so sparse to the east, west, and south that Sanborn did not cover the area.

These trends generally appear to hold in the 1892 edition, although development has progressed to the point that Cesar E. Chavez Avenue west of the river is covered past N. Washington Avenue and the eastern coverage extended along Cesar E. Chavez to Larch Street. However, in both cases the north side is mostly small manufacturing buildings and dwellings, while the south side remains mostly vacant with a couple of small shops on West Cesar E. Chavez Ave. and the large Capital Lumber Co. on the east side at Larch Street. The east side of Turner Street is more fully occupied by business blocks. The 1898 map presents no great changes, with the Hildreth

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Co. and N. Lansing Mill along the river, the 400 block of East Cesar E. Chavez continues to be sparsely occupied with vacant lots, small shops, and dwellings to the south, while the Stone Lumber yard occupies the north side. Larger and more substantial blocks have been constructed along the east side of Turner Street and on both sides of the street in the 100 block of W. Cesar E. Chavez. Sanborn coverage was extended south of Cesar E. Chavez Ave. along N. Washington through the 1000 block, and reveals most lots by that time were occupied by dwellings, with few vacant parcels.

The density of the district building increased markedly by 1906. The Hildreth Co. is still along the river but the mill is listed as no longer in operation. Cesar E. Chavez Avenue is almost fully occupied through the 300 block to Center Street, although east of Center to Cedar Street the 400 block is still low density with the Rickerd Lumber Co. on the north side and vacant lots with a small shop and dwelling on the south side. Turner Street is almost fully occupied, with commercial blocks to the south and northern parcels near Liberty occupied by concerns such as livery, feed, and harness shops. Center Street north from Cesar E. Chavez Avenue now has a couple small factories and shops on the west side, with lots further north and along the east side fully occupied by dwellings. The north side of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue between Cedar and Larch, the 500 block, now had a number of small shops mixed in among dwellings, with the south side entirely occupied by houses. The 100 block of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue is about half occupied by commercial blocks with vacant lots elsewhere, while the 200 block is fully occupied by dwellings.

In the 1913-1926 edition, Sanborn coverage had been extended eastward along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue to the 600 block and along N. Washington southward through the 900 block. The south side of the E. Cesar Chavez Ave. and N. Washington intersection had continuous business blocks, and east of the river the industrial section south of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue was occupied by Standard Castings Co. and Thoman Milling Co. Although the Rickerd Lumber Co was still in the 400 block, the Digby Hotel is at Center Street and east of there the mix of stores and dwellings is about even, while the south side is nearly all dwellings. North of the Digby, Center Street was all dwellings. Turner Street was nearly fully occupied by commercial blocks, with the north portion still non-retail in use.

The 1913-1951 edition illustrates that the 100 block of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue had experienced a “boom” and was fully occupied by commercial blocks and the south side about half full. N. Washington had some non-residential uses appearing in the 1100 block, including an upholsterer and warehouse on the west side and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.) Temple on the east at the corner of E. Maple Street. Although the south side of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue east of the river is still industrial, the mill race has been filled in (later to be occupied by Race Street). The north side of the 400 and 500 blocks of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue no longer had any dwellings and were a mix of low density (auto sales, warehouse) and stores, while the south side of the 400 block had auto dealers, with the 500 block east of the 1st Methodist Church at Cedar Street being all dwellings. Turner was fully commercial, as was the west side of Center Street to Clinton.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State This Sanborn map confirms that the commercial development of north Lansing had basically peaked by this time, with subsequent development associated with infill on vacant lots and replacing older buildings with new ones because of fire loss or economic considerations.

NORTH LANSING TODAY

The North Lansing Historic Commercial District today is a relatively compact commercial business district, generally about two blocks wide, extending along both sides of East and West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue between North Capitol Avenue on the west and the northeast corner of Cedar Street on the east, and southward on North Washington Avenue to Oakland Avenue (I-69 Business Loop). The historic commercial buildings are composed mainly of two- and three-story business blocks in the Italianate and Late Victorian commercial and Commercial Brick styles, but there are some fine examples of later construction, showing the influence of Modernistic and Mid-Century Modern styles. The periphery of the district along Washington Avenue has larger homes that have been converted to commercial use, and there are more modest homes along west Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, many of which are rental properties. A few very early homes are also present at the north edge of the district along Center Street. There are no areas of large-scale modern intrusions.

Although the earliest overland route to North Lansing was along the Grand River Road that connected this Lower Town with the rest of early Lansing in Middle and Upper Town, the buildings in the historic district today are associated with the period when North Washington Avenue was the primary route connecting it to the rest of the City of Lansing. For that reason, the following discussion of the historic district – a “walk-through” – enters the neighborhood along this historic thoroughfare.

The southernmost part of the district along North Washington Avenue begins on the north side of the “barrier” created by the busy traffic of the Oakland Avenue (M-43), part of the I-69 Business Loop. The first blocks north of this busy artery are residential in character, with the west side of the 900 Block and through the 1000 block containing large old nineteenth and early twentieth- century architecturally distinguished homes, most of which have been converted to commercial use. These blocks adjacent to the business district to the north were the homes of many prominent North Lansing business owners and professionals, and speak to their success – and fine architectural tastes. These represent a range of historic architectural influences including Italianate, Neoclassical, and Arts and Crafts, but picturesque variants of the Queen Anne style also occur. Several are associated with the noted Lansing architect, Darius B. Moon. The district also contains some smaller but still architecturally distinctive homes.

The largest and oldest homes cluster along the west side of these blocks, many of which have been converted to professional offices. Notable at the southern entrance to the district are the eclectic 1901 Edward F. and Elizabeth Peer House at 901 and the 1886 John F. and Catherine Rouse House at 920, the 1873 Gothic and Italianate Charles and Elizabeth Bates house at 909, the 1880 Italianate Wells House at 915, remodeled by Darius Moon in 1903, the 1890 Queen Anne Brown-Price House at 1001, designed by Moon, and the Neoclassical Frank Nice House at

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1025, dating to the mid-nineteenth century, whose present appearance is the result of a 1907 Moon commission. The east side of the 1000 block is characterized by more modest homes that generally retain a high degree of architectural integrity and variety, from Gothic Revival through Craftsman style influences.

These blocks were on the fringe of the north Lansing commercial blocks, home to many of the entrepreneurs and businessmen who set the tone for Cesar E. Chavez Avenue business district. Leading to that commercial core, a mixture of building types is notable beginning in the 1000 block into the 1100 block, including the distinctive 1914 I. O. O. F. Temple at 1100. There are some later contributing professional buildings, as well, such as the notable Georgian-inspired 1928 Michigan Education Association Building at 935, which, at three-and-a-half stories, is the tallest structure in the district, and Modern-Movement-influenced buildings such as the professional buildings at 1011 and 1034 dating to 1960 and 1958, respectively, and the 1958 former North Lansing branch of the United States Post Office at 1112.

The streetscape and setback is a bit more varied through the presence of several manufacturing or service-related buildings occur before the Cesar E. Chavez Avenue intersection, most notably the 1921 Heeb Building at 1115 and the 1923 F. Preuss building at 1125.

On both corners of the intersection with Cesar E. Chavez Avenue are the first true brick two-part commercial blocks that characterize much of the historic district. The circa 1910 building on the southeast corner at 1132 is a fine example of the Commercial Brick style as are the blocks across the street at 1133 and 1135, which were built about the same time. The northwest corner of the intersection contains one of two churches in the district, the National Register-listed Franklin Avenue Presbyterian Church (North Presbyterian Church), serving as a transition to the residential area, an unusual 1916 Arts and Crafts edifice designed by prominent Lansing architect Edwyn A. Bowd. Cesar E. Chavez Avenue west from here is primarily more modest frame residences, most of which have been converted to apartments. However, the west end of the district, at Capitol Avenue is the location of the 1923 Pulver Bros. Filling Station, a well- preserved structure individually listed in the National Register, now dispensing ice cream rather than gasoline.

East from the intersection of North Washington Avenue and Cesar E. Chavez Avenue the district is entirely commercial in character, presenting a consistent streetscape and appealing variety of mainly two- and some three-story blocks standing in solid rows along the sidewalk line. The downtown’s character is framed by its typically brick, Victorian buildings, but a closer look reveals a broad variety of styles, materials, and especially architectural details present. North Lansing’s commercial district possesses great visual appeal because of the variety present in its buildings.

Perhaps the most appealing four corners in the district, the intersection of Cesar E. Chavez and Washington Avenues, not only marks the division between East and West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, it also forms the commercial gateway to the rest of the district. From the North Presbyterian Church at the northwest corner, the impressive business blocks along East Cesar E.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Chavez Avenue begin with the fine, circa 1900 Commercial Brick building at the southwest corner (1133) and the Late Victorian 1897 Rouse Block at the southeast corner (1136), both of which are primarily sited for Cesar E. Chavez Ave., but have corner entries and also have storefronts facing Washington. The 100 block of East Cesar E. Chavez presents a variety of attractive storefronts, ranging from one of the larger and later buildings in the district, the rather restrained Commercial Brick 1917 Jarvis-Estes Furniture building at 101 to the Queen Anne-like picturesque building at 106 built in 1895, and the masonry Romanesque inspired Bopp Block built in 1893 at 108. Along the river at 120 is the 1925 M. J. Haag Building, a fine example of the one-part commercial blocks scattered through the district. Between the 100 and 200 blocks, the non-contributing Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge links the east and west sides of the district, via a structure that was constructed in 2006 from designs that referenced the one it replaced and built to blend in with the character of the historic district.

Another one-part block along the east side of the Grand River on the north side of the 200 block is the rather pragmatic Kroger Co. Grocery building at 201, dating to 1940 and representing the influence of national chains in the district during this period. Across the street, the south side has one of the most attractive streetscapes in the district, composed of the Romanesque inspired stone 1891 Scofield Store building, and three classic Late Victorian brick blocks, at 204 and 208, built in 1890, the latter one of the few three-story buildings in the district, and one of the earliest blocks in the district, and 206, built in 1873, all with intricate brick and masonry cornices and details. At 212, formerly with an address on Race Street, is the largest building in the district, the Cady-Glassbrooke factory, an industrial building that has been extensively renovated since 1999 in a manner that complements the district, and retains portions that date to the nineteenth century. The vault type American State Savings Bank Building at 226, is one of two fine Georgian Revival bank buildings in the district dating to the late 1920s, (the other being the Bank of Lansing Building at 329).

South of the Cady-Glassbrooke property in the 200 block along the east bank of the Grand River is Turner Park, connected by the Lansing Riverwalk Trail to points north and south. The park is the location of the Art Deco-influenced powerhouse and pumphouse and the east end of the North Lansing Dam, built in 1935-1936 by the Lansing Board of Power & Light, replacing an earlier dam here at the site of Lansing’s earliest commercial and industrial centers. The unique Brenke Fish Ladder, located here, is considered to be a contributing resource under Criteria Consideration G. Constructed in 1981, the Fish Ladder is an important structure in relation to the evolution of the city’s Grand River environment, and the development of the adjacent park, not to mention its ecological importance in allowing fish to travel around the dam. It was constructed during a period of statewide effort to restore the ecology the Michigan’s major river systems. The west end of the dam extends to the Burchard Park, on the bank of the river at the end of E. Maple Street, which also has a second pumphouse.

A gap in the streetscape on both sides of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue here is created by the former Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad right-of-way. It is narrow on the north side, while to the south, it parallels the east side of Factory Street, which today serves primarily as an access to a municipal parking lot behind the commercial buildings and bordering park land along the river.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

In the 300 block, the buildings on the north side display a range in style and create a pleasant streetscape. The large Affeldt & Sons building at 301-305 is material representation of the district’s businesses that succeeded and evolved with the district, as it is actually two buildings dating to the 1890s which were renovated into a single storefront by Affeldt in the 1920s, during what was perhaps the peak period of commercial prosperity in the district. The architectural range in this block is emphasized by the juxtaposition of the building next door at 307, built in in 1897, one of the best examples of brick Romanesque commercial style in the district, and next to it the restrained 1926 Preuss Building at 311, and the unique and distinct Classical Revival- related North End Rest Rooms Building built in 1915, next to a rail spur and Lake Shore & Michigan Southern (L.S. & M.S) railroad. right-of-way monument, and the only building directly associated with railroads surviving in the district. The buildings on the south side of this block include fine examples of the straightforward Commercial Brick style. However, only one, the 1923 Reutter Building at 302, was originally built in this style. A (second) Preuss Building at 308 has a facade dating to 1926, but is the product of a remodeling of the original 1875 structure, as is 306, originally built in 1875, but remodeled in 1930 to Commercial Brick. Perhaps the oldest brick commercial block in the district, at 304, is otherwise notable for its elaborate cast iron window hoods. This block also marks the transition to lower density buildings and consistently more recent construction in the eastern portion of the district, personified by the broad footprint of the 1941 single-story enframed window wall D&C Store building at 319-327.

Perhaps the most notable building in the 400 block is the three-story Digby Hotel, built in 1912- 1913 on the corner of Center Street, the only surviving district hotel, and still serving transients today over a century after construction. Across the street, the single-story Dean & Harris buildings at 410 and 412 are one-part commercial blocks transitional to the enframed window wall type, but are notable in demonstrating the effect of the automobile on the district in the 1920s.

By far the most impressive building in the 500 block, at the corner of Cedar Street, is the First Methodist Church, a nearly four-story tall Classical Revival edifice, built in 1918 from designs by architect Thomas E. White on a site occupied by the church since the mid-nineteenth century. Single-story one-part commercial blocks are more common in this part of the district, but the simple frame gable-front building at 515 is one of the older buildings and the only surviving frame commercial structure in the district. Extending to the northwest corner of Larch is a long- time retail anchor in north Lansing, the Ezray Building, one of the few post-World War II structures in the district, which expanded through a non-contributing addition to incorporate the former Hi-Speed gas station built in 1935-1936 at the northwest corner of Larch Street. Across Larch at the east end of the district, is the Fortino Building, a 1923 Commercial Brick block, today an anchor of the Old Town cultural milieu, but also one of the strongest material links to the ethnic Italian context in the district.

The Old Town cross streets of Washington, Turner, Center, and Cedar, also present a wealth of historic and architectural interest. The first buildings in the 1200 block of Turner Street provide consistency in scale and style, beginning with 1207-1209, Late Victorian Brick blocks built in

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1895 and across the street, the 1905 Commercial Brick Hamilton Block at 1208-1212, designed by noted Lansing architect Darius Moon. The row of buildings from 1213-1221, the “Union Block,” is the most extensive row of circa 1880 Late Victorian commercial blocks in the district. Perhaps the most arresting building in the block, the fine eclectic 1890s Romanesque Dunham Hardware Building at 1216-1218 may have also been designed by architect Moon. The northern portion of Turner is more utilitarian in temper, including non-retail structures such as the large circa 1938 Bishop Furniture Warehouse at 1225, now renovated into prime commercial and residential space, and more modest structures, such as the rock-faced block building built in 1911 at 1224-1226. Still, a well-preserved two-part brick commercial block in the Commercial Brick mode built in the early 1900s at 1234-1236 is notable for its use of contrasting color brick to provide architectural interest. The north end is anchored by the prominent circa 1880 Grange Building at 1250, at three stories, one of the best examples of the district’s fraternal and social context, which backs to another small industrial building at the north end, at 306 Clinton, next to a rail spur.

Center Street in the 1100 block south from East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue is notable for the 1946 Wolverton Garden & Pet Supplies Building, one of the first Lansing buildings built after World War II and a fine example of late Art Deco influences, while the building at 1115 was built in 1915 and represents early automobile sales and service in the district. The 1200 block north from Cesar E. Chavez Avenue represents the transition from the commercial core of the district. The west side of the block has the 1925 Raymond Chevrolet Sales, and to its rear a circa 1900 manufacturing building along the rail siding at the rear of 1213. Former warehouse type buildings built in the 1930s and 1940s continue from here to the north end of the district. The east side of the block includes residential buildings, referencing the long history of dwellings in this neighborhood, as documented by the John Burchard-1843-first house in Lansing monument at the Cesar E. Chavez intersection. Buildings include the only one built as a Flat in the district, a 1906 side-by-side at 1206-08, and early survivors dating to the middle of the nineteenth century, in the circa 1850 Greek Revival-inspired frame I-house at 1214 and the circa 1860s brick Italianate at 1300.

On Cedar Street, the district extends south one block from Cesar E. Chavez Avenue to include the 1917-1918 Cedar Street School at 1106, designed by Lansing architect Thomas E. White. Located on the parcel that was the location of Lansing’s first school house, the building has been sensitively renovated to serve modern commercial and professional tenants.

For streets within the district, Washington Avenue marks the division between East and West, while Cesar E. Chavez Avenue marks the division between North and South. The north-south streets, in order from west to east, Washington, Turner, Center, Cedar, and Larch, have even numbered addresses on the east side of the street and odd numbered on the west side. (The former Race Street was also numbered in this fashion.) For the primary east-west street in the district, West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue west from Washington Ave. has even numbered addresses on the north side of the street, and odd numbered addresses on the south side, while East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. is reversed, with even numbered addresses on the south side of the

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State street, and odd numbered addresses on the north side. The only other east-west street, Clinton Street, has even numbered addresses on the south side.

North Lansing’s historic main street and the central axis of the historic district is Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, with a secondary anchor along Turner Street. Along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, the district is a block wide, generally extending to the rear lot lines, and is similarly configured along the intersecting streets of Washington, Turner, Center and Cedar. South of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue along the east and west sides of the Grand River, the district widens to the maximum extent to include the North Lansing dam and related structures. The historic district contains 121 buildings, four structures (North Lansing Dam Brenke Fish Ladder, Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge, and an A.T.M. station), and two objects (First House commemorative boulder and L.S. & M.S. RR right-of-way marker) that reflect the historic and architectural contexts important in north Lansing from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.

The small city feel of the district is emphasized by the consistency of scale and setback seen in the buildings comprising the primary commercial corridors along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street. This is augmented by the associated homes of successful N. Lansing residents along N. Washington Ave. The district’s commercial buildings are generally two to three stories in height, and less commonly single-story. The district represents the development of north Lansing for more than a century through 1968, but with by far the greatest number of buildings reflecting its development date from the 1890s through the 1920s. The architecture illustrates both the area’s rapid growth during these years and its initial manufacturing focus and maturation as a commercial and retail market. The buildings constructed during this period ranged from modest to substantial brick and stone commercial structures and residences that were most initially of frame construction and later of brick or, more rarely, stone. It seems likely many were built using local products such as brick produced by the Banker brick yard, which the 1873 state gazetteer locates in North Lansing.

While the oldest buildings in the district are several residential survivals on N. Washington and Center streets, the oldest commercial buildings in the district today tend to cluster in the vicinity of the intersection of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street. These are attractive brick commercial blocks dating as early as the 1860s and 1870s. The oldest building in the district may be the circa 1850 frame Greek Revival I-house at 1214 Center, a rare survivor of the earliest development of the Lansing. The Smith-Peck-Nice House at 1025 N. Washington appears to date to the 1848 or 1849 (Cowles 1905: 57), but its current appearance results from a 1907 Darius Moon renovation. Buildings likely dating to the third quarter of the nineteenth century include the circa 1860s brick Italianate Bauerly House at 1300 Center Street, and scattered brick commercial blocks on Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, such as the earliest ones at 304 and 206 East, dating to 1865 and 1867-1870, respectively, and 306 and 308, the bones of which date to 1865 and 1875, respectively, but which now have facades dating to the 1920s that are historic in their own right. The upright-and-wing house with Greek Revival elements at 914 N. Washington is dated by city assessor records to 1870 (but may well be earlier), the Marhsall-Rikerd House at 125 West Cesar E. Chavez was, built in 1870, and the eclectic Bates House at 909 N.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Washington was built circa 1873. While six commercial buildings appear to date from this period, when residential buildings are counted, some fifteen percent of the district’s buildings date to the 1870s or earlier.

North Lansing experienced sustained growth from 1880s up to the Great Depression, witnessed stagnation during the 1930s, and recovered somewhat in the post-World War II era, only to face challenging times again in the 960s and 1970s. The dates of construction of the district’s buildings materially reflect this, including the replacement of some of the earliest buildings during the mid-twentieth century. The age distribution of buildings is actually fairly constant, reflecting little of the “boom-and-bust” so common on many other Michigan cities during this period.

A little over one-third of the district’s buildings were constructed during the nineteenth century, and about half of these date to the decade of the 1890s. This was a notable period when many of the district’s more substantial commercial blocks and private residences were built. Many of the “eye-catching” buildings along the 100-300 blocks of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street were built then. The decades from 1900 through 1930 witnessed the construction of about forty- five percent of the district’s buildings, a rate that increased each decade, from under ten percent in the early 1900s, to about fifteen percent in the 1910s, and over twenty percent in the 1920s. More specialized automobile-related structures were constructed during this period, such as the Pulver Bros gas station at 127 West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and the Dean & Harris sales and service buildings in the 400 block of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. Industry and manufacturing expanded during this period, exemplified in the Cady-Glassbrooke buildings along the river and former mill race behind 212 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue (formerly 1131 Race Street), the Korff Manufacturing Co. along the railroad spur at the rear of 1213 Center St., the small building along the rail siding at 306 Clinton St., and the Central Welding Co. at 1120-22 N. Washington Ave. During the Great Depression and World War II, financial and materials shortages reduced the number of buildings constructed to a half-dozen structures, or less than five percent of the district’s assemblage during this fifteen-year period. After the war and through the 1950s, the number of new buildings increased notably, but still compose under fifteen percent of the total, about a third lower than the pre-Depression 1920s decade. Virtually no vacant lots were available and construction mostly related to replacing “worn-out” buildings. Only two buildings (a utilitarian warehouse structure behind 1116 N. Washington and a large garage behind 518 but addressed as 516 E. Cesar E. Chavez), or less than two percent of the district buildings post-date the 1968 end date of the district’s period of significance.

In general, most individual buildings comprising this district retain a high degree of their original architectural character. Some of the commercial buildings have been sensitively renovated, and a few others attain interest as examples of mid-twentieth century architecture, providing diversity to the district. Well over ninety percent (118 of 128) of the district’s buildings, structures and objects are evaluated as contributing to the district’s character and significance. These include: forty-one buildings previously defined as contributing in the 1976 nomination and currently evaluated as having retained their architectural integrity over the over four decades that have elapsed since that time; two buildings that were evaluated in 1976 as non-contributing but are

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State now considered contributing (having achieved the fifty-year age criterion); three other buildings that are individually listed and are outside the 1976 district boundaries (Franklin Ave. Presbyterian Church at 108 West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, Pulver Gas Station at 127 West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Brown-Price House at 1001 N. Washington Ave.); and seventy- four buildings, structures, and objects evaluated as contributing. These resources thus combine properties within the boundaries of the 1976 nomination with those from the expanded district in the current nomination. (Note, three buildings discussed in the 1976 nomination, at the northwest corner of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street, 1201, 1203, and 1205 Turner Street, have been demolished over the ensuing decades.)

The central business district of commercial blocks in North Lansing is compact, essentially consisting of both sides of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue for less than seven blocks east from N. Capitol Ave. to the Larch Street intersection, and both sides of N. Washington Ave. three blocks south from Cesar E. Chavez Avenue to Oakland Avenue and the adjacent cross streets for a block on either side. Commercial architecture includes primarily late nineteenth and early twentieth century one-part and two-part commercial blocks of Italianate, Late Victorian and Commercial Brick style, most commonly having two stories, with a few of three stories. All of the historic district’s commercial buildings are of brick or masonry-wall construction, with the exception of a single frame commercial building, now incorporated into 515 East Cesar E. Chavez, which was apparently originally built as a dwelling in the 1880s and was enveloped in the spread of the commercial district east along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. The vast majority of the commercial buildings in the district are two-story, two-part brick commercial blocks, restrained in architectural expression, most broadly characterized as Italianate Commercial, Late Victorian Commercial, and Commercial Brick, with a few later Modernistic buildings thrown in. The majority are Victorian commercial buildings that confined ornamentation to corbelled brickwork and bracketed metal cornices and window hoods. The thirty residential buildings in the district include twenty-three of frame construction and seven of brick. Most of these are on the edges of the historic district and have been converted to income-producing or commercial use today. About two-thirds of these houses are located along N. Washington Ave and under a quarter are on West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. About two-thirds of these are of frame construction, even some of the more substantial dwellings along N. Washington Ave.

INVENTORY

(Introductory note: the main commercial artery of the district was named Franklin Ave. on the 1850 plat map into the 1920s, and then was named Grand River Avenue for circa nine decades, until formally renamed by a vote of Lansing City Council in 2018. This nomination addresses buildings with the current, Cesar E. Chavez, street name.) Historically, streets in Old Town are assigned direction and numbers west and east from the historic main north-south road linking the district to the rest of Lansing, N. Washington Avenue. For this nomination, streets in the district are listed in alphabetical order by primary street name and then street directions. The first street alphabetically is N. Cedar St. followed by Center St., Clinton St., and East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. and then West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, followed by E. Maple St., Turner St. and N. Washington Avenue. Buildings on these streets are listed in numerical order by block, east side

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State followed by west side on north-south streets, and north side followed by south side on east-west streets. NOTE: On all north-south streets odd numbered addresses are on the west side and even numbered addresses on the east side. Generally, on east-west streets even numbered addresses are on the north side and odd numbered addresses are on the south side. However, while on W. Cesar E. Chavez Avenue north side addresses are evens and south side are odds, on East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue the north side addresses are odds and the south side evens.

The date of construction and occupation history for each building employs a number of sources. Primary ones are the Sanborn Fire Insurance Co. maps that were published between 1886 and 1951, which can bracket a building’s construction date and periods of alteration by noting changes between the editions. There may be some variation between addresses in this source in relation to those in city directories. City directories from 1873 through 1968 were used not only to provide insights into possible construction dates, with the first appearance of an address perhaps indicating a new building, but also for the occupation history. For directories that did not organize entries by street address, those published prior to 1906, their organization under business classifications was used. Thus, the type of occupation for addresses provided by Sanborn editions, such as general store, saloon, etc., were checked against bracketing years for the period in city directories under the corresponding business classifications. These were supplemented by research into other primary sources such as local newspapers as well as county histories, atlases, and vanity biographies published around the turn of the twentieth century.

Architects, designers, builders, contractors and the like are provided when known. In some cases, buildings that are likely designed or constructed by an individual or firm but not fully verified are presented with a “(?).” All individuals and firms are from Lansing, Michigan, unless otherwise noted.

When evaluating a building as Contributing or Non-Contributing, the architectural integrity was evaluated by comparing the structure today with any available photographs from the historical archives, and others provided by period publications of city promotional and vanity booklets such as Headlight Flashes (C&WM and DL&N Railways 1895), and Views of Lansing and Vicinity (Nelson 1906). The information provided by these sources was augmented through use of state gazetteers, other publications and on-line research. Finally, interviews with building owners provided many details and insights. The date of construction is based on data from all of these sources. When Sanborn maps are the primary reference for dating, the “Pre-“ prefix before a date indicates the earliest coverage of that block, building and lot in the series, and in some cases the building may have been constructed well before that time. City directories and other references are cross-checked to narrow the bracket date. Lacking other references, an estimated age based on architectural attributes is sometimes added after a “/” (i.e. Pre-1904 / 1880s). NVA indicates there was no visible address and none was accessible through other sources.

N. CEDAR STREET, EAST SIDE south from East Cesar E. Chavez

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1106 N. Cedar. Cedar Street School (1917-1918, 1941). 1917-1918: Thomas Ernest White, architect; Thomas Early & Sons, contractor. 1941: Herrick & Simpson architect; Granger Bros., contractor. Contributing. This is a rectangular-plan, two-story, brick building with a raised half story water table and concrete foundation and a flat parapeted roof. The facade is symmetrical, with a slightly projecting central section, and its corners have corbelled brick quoins. This central section contains the entrance, which is recessed within a broad elliptical arched opening trimmed in limestone. Small double-hung sash windows on either side rest on masonry sills. Above the entrance are three large masonry panels with incised letters stating, “CEDAR STREET SCHOOL.” Above the panels are four large double-hung sash windows that rest on a continuous masonry sill, which are placed beneath a small masonry cornice. The building on either side of the central section rises from a masonry capped half-story basement or water table to five bays of large double-hung sash windows with a continuous masonry sill in both the first and second stories. The upper face of the building has a belt course of broad masonry panels beneath the undecorated parapet of the roof. The side elevations are similar, back from the facade each is composed of a broad windowless section that has corbelled brick corner quoins and is largely occupied by a panel outlined in stack and header bond brick with masonry corner blocks. To the rear of this section the building has six double-hung sash windows in each story with individual masonry sills. The south side has an entrance into the raised basement beneath a modern canopy, and its end bay contains two smaller double-hung sash windows in the water table and each story above. The north side rear has a brick wall chimney. The east (rear) elevation is mainly brick wall with several functionally-positioned double-hung sash windows and a large expanse of glass in a renovated street-level section that opens onto the rear parking lot. Not many school buildings were constructed during World War I, but the Cedar Street School is an excellent example of the Collegiate Gothic or Jacobethan style, with its large window bays and elaborate arched entrance and wall planes having raised moldings (MSHPO 2003: 20).

CENTER STREET, EAST SIDE north from E. Maple

1110 Center. Wolverton Garden & Pet Supplies Building (1946, 1980s?). Mayo T. Wolverton, designer; G. D. Mulder, contractor. Contributing. This building is located south of a parking lot that occupies the southeast corner of the East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue intersection. It is an L-plan concrete block and reddish orange brick two-part commercial block composed of a two-story main section and a one-and-a-half story south wing. The brick facade of the main section has a recessed slant-sided entry with a metal frame glass door centered between two large fixed pane windows to the right and two narrow horizontal fixed pane windows to the left. All are mounted in vinyl frame and panels that have replaced the original (likely glass). These are shielded by a full-width flat metal canopy. Up to the canopy, structural glass blocks form the first-story building corners. Above the canopy the brick walls are laid in a pattern of three alternating courses of corbelled brick separated by five courses of stretcher bond brick, which continues up to a dentilled brick course at the masonry coped parapet. Fenestration in the second story has a large T-plan structural glass block window centered between two rectangular glass block windows. The south side elevation of the main building has two rectangular glass block windows in the second story, while the north side lacks

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State fenestration. The one-and-a-half story ell set back from the south corner of the main building has identical brick bond walls with an off-center overhead vehicle door and two steel pedestrian entry doors. This appears to be a relatively late example of Art Deco style influences.

1206-1208 Center. (1906). Louis Miller, builder(?). Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-brick building, a side-by-side duplex that has a rock-faced block foundation. The facade’s first story has a full-width shed-roof entry porch with a door near each corner, which is enclosed with storm windows and has a concrete block apron. The second story has two sets of double-hung sash windows with robust masonry lintels and sills. The upper facade has a corbel table at the parapet. The south side elevation has a straight parapet, above a single double-hung sash window in the first story and two in the second, and an enclosed frame stairway to the second story. The north side elevation has a stepped parapet, above three double-hung sash windows in the second story and two in the first, and a smaller window to the rear. All side wall windows have large masonry lintels that duplicate those of the facade. This building was built as a side-by-side flat or duplex and still functions as one today, and appears to reference the Commercial Brick style.

1212 Center. Louis Miller House (1880; 1906-1913). Louis Miller, builder. Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, front-gabled frame house that is clad in vinyl siding and has an uncoursed stone foundation. The facade’s full-width shed-roof entry porch is supported on wood posts linked by plain wood balusters. The first story has a replacement steel entry door near the right corner and a vinyl double-hung sash window to its left, while the second story has two double-hung sash windows stacked above them. The south side has two double-hung sash windows in the first story and one in the second, while the north side has a single double-hung sash window in each story towards the rear corner. On the south side at the rear corner, a single- story shed-roof bay with a steel entry door accesses a single-story hipped-roof section that wraps around the rear of the building.

1214 Center. James I. Mead House (Pre-1866). Contributing. This house occupies the southeast corner of the Liberty Street intersection. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, side gabled I-house that is clad in clapboard and has a concrete skin-covered stone foundation. The facade is symmetrical, distinguished by the central flat-roofed porch that is supported by robust wood pillars linked by simple wood balustrades. Steps lead upgrade to it to access the wood frame glass entry door that is flanked by sidelights. The porch and door are centered between two double-hung sash windows with simple surrounds. The second story above the porch has a door with wood balconet that is centered between two widely spaced double-hung sash windows, which are stacked above and identical to those in the first story. Single double-hung sash windows, identical to those of the facade, are centered in each story of both side elevations. A wide oversized frieze and cornice extend up from the second story window lintels of the facade and side elevations, forming a closed pediment on both end gables. A single-story cross gabled section that extends from the rear also has a wide frieze and cornice and the same double-hung sash windows in simple surrounds. This house is perhaps the best example of Greek Revival style residential architecture in the historic district.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1300 Center. Gottlieb Bauerly House (1860-1870?). Contributing. This house occupies the northeast corner of the intersection with Liberty Street. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, red-brick house with a pyramidal roof, and rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation. The entrance is accessed by concrete steps behind a rock-faced block apron, but the hood that originally sheltered the door (evident in the brick wall plane “ghost”) is no longer present. The symmetrical facade has a door centered between two double-hung sash windows, and stacked above these in the second story are three double-hung sash windows. All openings have elliptical arch lintels formed by a course of rowlock bond brick, and plain dressed stone sills. Engaged brick piers at the house corners extend up to corbelled brick capitals that support a plain brick frieze beneath a widely overhanging eave. The side elevations each have two double-hung sash windows in each story, those in the second story stacked above the first, and all are identical to those of the facade. The south side rear corner has an ell formed by the corner of a hipped roof single-story section that extends across the rear elevation. This house is perhaps the best example of the Italianate domestic style in the historic district.

CENTER STREET, WEST SIDE north from E. Maple

1115 Center. L. J. Driggs Garage Building (1915; 1970s?). Contributing. This L-plan gray-painted brick two-part commercial block occupies the northwest corner of the E. Maple St. It is composed of a two-story main building, a one-and-a-half story concrete block ell section that extends the south side of the facade and extends west to a two-story concrete block section, and a one-and-a-half story concrete block ell at the building’s northwest corner, all with flat roofs. The original building is two stories, constructed with a brick facade and rusticated concrete block sidewalls. The facade is divided into three sections by engaged brick piers. The first story has an aluminum-framed glass entry door and two full-height glass panels in the center section and two fixed-pane windows in each of the lateral sections. The second story has six double-hung sash replacement windows. The upper facade has a brick corbel table alternating vertical stacks of six and ten courses to produce a bracket effect. The north side elevation has three double-hung sash windows with masonry lintels and sills in both stories, although the one nearest the facade in the first story has been blocked in. The concrete block section at the northwest rear corner has an overhead door loading bay and a steel pedestrian entry, while the similar section that extends the building’s facade to the south also lacks fenestration. The two-story concrete block section to the rear, which appears to predate the other two block sections, has functional fenestration of evenly spaced steel framed windows, and has a pent roofed loading dock in the ell where it joins the main structure.

1100 Block southwest corner East Cesar E. Chavez. First House Commemorative Plaque and Boulder (c. 1925). Contributing. This object is a granite boulder that is sited south of the southwest corner of Center Street and the 300 block of East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. between the sidewalk and street curb. It is approximately three feet high and holds a bronze plaque stating, “THE SITE OF THE FIRST HOUSE / ERECTED IN THE CITY OF LANSING IN / THE YEAR 1843 BY JOHN W. BURCHARD / WAS LOCATED ONE BLOCK SOUTH AND / ONE-HALF BLOCK WEST OF THIS POINT / THIS MEMORIAL / SPONSORED BY THE COMMERCE CLUB OF /

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State LANSING HIGH SCHOOL, WAS PURCHASED / BY THE SCHOOL CHILDREN OF THE / CITY OF LANSING.”

1213 Center (front). Raymond Auto Service Building (1925). Contributing. This building is located along the north side of an alley that runs behind the rear of the buildings along East Cesar E. Chavez Ave., and is south of a large parking lot. It is a single-story, flat- roofed enframed-window-wall building that has a dark red brick facade and concrete block sidewalls, and rests on a concrete foundation. The facade fenestration is composed mostly of large display windows with two-light transoms, and has a metal frame glass entry door in the southern third of the building. A double display window is to the left of the entrance, and to its right is a single display window, and then three double display windows continue to the right building corner. A course of soldier bond brick extends across the facade above the transom windows, and a brick panel above, outlined by rowlock bond brick, occupies the parapet. The brick wraps around to the south side elevation through an indented panel, and the concrete walls to the rear of this have three windows with plain masonry sills. The north side elevation, facing the parking lot, has two metal framed glass corner doors between which are two double-hung sash windows.

1213 Center (Rear). Korff Manufacturing Co. Building (Between 1906 and 1913). Contributing. This building is located west of and behind the building addressed as 1213 Center St. and is along the east side of a railroad siding and the north side of an alley. Its occupants currently have a 1213 address as suites. It is a rectangular-plan, single-story, light-red-brick building with a shallow-pitch gabled roof. The east elevation has a metal framed glass entry door centered between five fixed pane windows on either side. The door and windows are all set in elliptical arched openings with lintels formed by a double course of rowlock bond brick, and the windows have robust masonry sills. The south gable end (on the alley) has four functionally placed windows identical to the east elevation, a bricked-in elliptical arch entry door, and a second steel entry door of more recent vintage. The west elevation (opening to the rail siding) has six functionally placed windows identical to the others and another flat-top window of more recent vintage near the northwest corner. The north side has a concrete block shed-roofed section of recent vintage, which has a metal framed glass entry door on its east side facing the parking lot.

1235 Center. Eagle Laundry Building (1927). Non-Contributing. This building is set well back from the street behind a large parking lot and along the north side of a railroad siding. It is a rectangular-plan, single-story building whose front section is clad in aqua Dryvit synthetic siding. A real estate listing for the building states that the north portion of the building is 7,500 square feet, and the south part 2,500 square feet (Old Town 2018). The facade is three single-story sections of varying heights. The southern section is set back from the rest of the facade and wraps around the rear portion of the middle section. Its shallow-pitch gambrel roof is behind a parapet. The only fenestration in its facade is an off-center double entry door, while the south side has four vinyl double-hung sash windows. The center section steps down from the southern section and projects eastward to the parking lot. It has a flat roof, and its only fenestration is an off-center steel entry door. The northern section has a double steel entry

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State door centered between two vinyl double-hung sash windows and has a parapeted flat roof. The north side of the building faces a large parking lot, but has no fenestration. The west side of the building towards the rail siding is clad in steel panels. Its fenestration is a steel entry door near the southwest corner and three functionally placed fixed pane windows in the second story. Because the original appearance of this building is no longer evident, it is considered Non- Contributing.

1247 Center. State Paper and Stationery Store Building (Between 1948 and 1952). Contributing. This 1½ story building occupies the southwest corner of the intersection with Clinton Street. It is a rectangular-plan, single-story dark-gray-painted brick building with a flat parapeted roof. The facade is divided into five sections by engaged brick piers; four of the sections contain a pair of large double-hung sash windows with masonry sills, while the fifth, at the southeast corner, lacks fenestration. The upper facade has five large rectangular recessed brick panels, corresponding to the five sections of the building, created by slightly recessed corbelled header bond brick. The side elevations of the front part of the building lack fenestration. A trapezoidal plan shed-roof single-story concrete block section extends from the rear elevation. A metal canopy covers an entrance in the ell where this section joins the west wall at the corner of the main building. Because the facade on Clinton retains the appearance of its construction period (despite the removal of the rear warehouse/garage bays present on Sanborn maps), this building is considered Contributing.

EAST CESAR E. CHAVEZ AVENUE, NORTH SIDE east from N. Washington Ave.

101-105 East Cesar E. Chavez. Jarvis-Estes Furniture Co. Building (1917). Elmer R. Jarvis and Floyd Estes, designers; Otto J. Schuon, contractor. NRHP-listed. This building occupies the northeast corner of the N. Washington Avenue intersection. It is a rectangular-plan, three-story, beige-brick two-part commercial block that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. The five-bay facade consists of two storefronts, both having off-center slant-sided entries. The left entry is flanked by two large display windows on paneled bulkheads, and the right entry is flanked by a row of four fixed pane windows. The second story has five symmetrically placed double-hung sash windows with plain masonry sills. The front portion of the left side elevation is a continuation of the storefront treatment in the ground level windows and bulkheads, but regularly spaced double-hung sash windows with plain masonry sills comprise the fenestration towards the rear of the first story and in the second story. Brickwork provides most of this building’s restrained ornamentation. A course of soldier bond forms a continuous lintel for the first story fenestration, which is punctuated by masonry corner blocks at the sides of the openings with the junctions with stack bond brick. A similar treatment in the second story has a continuous soldier bond lintel across the windows linking masonry corner blocks on brick panels between the windows, which are outlined by soldier bond horizontals and stack bond verticals. Above these are several courses of corbelled brick beneath slightly raised brick panels that extend to the building’s parapet. This building is a fine example of the Commercial Brick style of architecture. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

107-107 ½ East Cesar E. Chavez. (Between 1924 and 1926). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, yellow brick two-part commercial block with a flat roof. The street level has an aluminum frame glass entry door between two large aluminum framed display windows, all with transoms, which rest on a narrow concrete bulkhead. The second story has a triple casement window centered between two paired casement windows, all with transom windows, having a continuous soldier bond brick header with masonry corner blocks and resting on plain concrete sills. Most of this building’s ornamentation is in its brickwork. The engaged corner piers are laid in stack bond in the first story, continuing through the second story, but alternating with seven courses of soldier bond brick. Above the second story the piers have several courses of corbelling, and at the level of the cornice, vertical stacks of header bond brick alternate between dark gold brick and yellow brick, extending up to a triangular peak. Between the corner piers, a course of soldier bond serves as the lintel for both the first and second story fenestration. Above the second story are panels of stacked header bond brick, whose upper rowlock bond margin is beneath a section of pressed metal dentils, which appears to be the lower portion of a now-removed cornice. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

109 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1905). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, yellow-painted brick two-part commercial block. The street level facade has a large display window centered between an entry door at each building corner, set within brick veneer of more recent vintage than the original building. Above a full-width canvas awning, beneath the second story a masonry string course extends between slightly projecting engaged brick corner piers that extend up to a cornice with indented brick and pressed metal corner brackets. The second story fenestration is three double-hung sash windows, which have robust masonry lintels embellished with rosettes and inscribed curvilinear motifs, and plain masonry sills. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

111-113 East Cesar E. Chavez. Kyte Building (1927). F. C. Kyte Construction Co., contractor. NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, beige-painted concrete block two-part commercial block that has a parapet with a center gable. The street level facade has a steel framed glass entry door between glass block sidelights on wood panels. This entry is centered between sets of four rectangular display windows with transoms that rest on a narrow wood panel bulkhead. Above the door is a plain masonry lintel inscribed, “KYTE BLOCK.” The storefront cornice is a narrow masonry string course molding, which is repeated as a cornice above the second story, beneath the parapet. The second story fenestration has a double casement window with transom above the entrance, which is centered between sets of picture windows flanked by casement windows, all with transoms. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

115-117 East Cesar E. Chavez. James Rork & Brother Building (1898). NRHP-listed.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-painted-brick, double two-part commercial block. The street level has two storefronts separated by a centered entrance to the second story. Each storefront is composed of a slant sided entrance centered between two large glass display windows with transoms that rest on wood paneled bulkheads. The second story fenestration is symmetrical, four bays composed of two small side-by-side double-hung sash windows and two larger paired double-hung sash windows centered above the storefronts below. The building is capped by an elaborate corbelled brick cornice supported by a corbel table. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

119 (-123) East Cesar E. Chavez. Building (pre-1892). NRHP-listed. This building is sited along the west bank of the Grand River north of the west end of the Cesar E. Chavez Avenue bridge. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed gray-painted-brick two- part commercial block that has a fieldstone foundation. The street level facade has a slant-sided corner entry door flanked by large display windows resting on a wood paneled bulkhead, all beneath a canvas awning. A masonry block course beneath the second story serves as a continuous sill for the two double-hung sash windows and a second masonry block course extends from the building corners to and between the windows beneath their lintels. Although the windows are not centered and are of different sizes, both have flat arch masonry voussoir lintels with an inscribed ornamental keystone. Perforated brick bond is used laterally to the window jambs and is also used to create horizontal brick panels beneath the building’s cornice. The cornice has a brick corbel table and large paired masonry scroll brackets. This building has strongest affinities to the Italianate Commercial style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

Between 100 and 200 Block East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge (2006). Walter Toebe Construction Co.; Consulting Engineers; Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber Inc. Non-Contributing. This is a three span concrete girder deck bridge that carries two vehicle lanes and adjacent sidewalks across the Grand River. This crossing was the location of the first span to cross the Grand River in Lansing. In 2006 the current structure replaced a similar one built in 1924 (Historic Bridges 2017). The city re-named the bridge the Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge in 2008 for a long-time community activist who was the unofficial “Mayor of Old Town.” Because this structure is less than fifty years old it is considered Non-Contributing.

201 East Cesar E. Chavez. Kroger Co. Grocery Building (1940). The Reniger Co., contractor. Contributing. This building is located along the east bank of the Grand River and has a parking lot adjacent to the east. It is the only building on the north side of the street in the 200 block, because a second parking lot extends east to the intersection with Center Street. This building is a single-story rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, orange brick, enframed-window-wall building that rests on a concrete foundation. The facade is composed of a double corner entrance with metal framed glass doors having sidelights and transoms. These are separated by an engaged brick pier from a row of six large fixed pane display windows that rest on a brick bulkhead. A corbelled brick panel occupies the upper facade beneath a masonry coped stepped parapet. The west side has

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State four evenly spaced windows with masonry sills, with the first three back from the facade being full height with transoms, while the opposite side has five evenly spaced horizontal windows with masonry sills set high in the wall. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

303-305 East Cesar E. Chavez. John Affeldt & Sons Building (1890; 1924). Matelski & Son, contractors (Owosso, Michigan) (1924 expansion and facade). NRHP-listed. This building is located east of a small pocket park at the northeast corner of the Turner Street intersection. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-brick, two-part commercial block, with a concrete foundation. The street level facade is composed of an off-center entrance between two storefronts with slant-sided entrances centered between large display windows on paneled bulkheads. Dressed limestone is employed in the engaged piers flanking the narrow entry door bay and in the facade’s corner piers. These have plain stone faces that alternate with small brick panels. This stone enframes the central entry and fanlight and incorporates a plaque above embossed “1890-1924 / AFFELDT.” Limestone is also used in the sills of the triple and paired double-hung sash windows in the second story, in string courses above these windows and beneath the cornice, in projecting brick brackets, in decorative corner blocks, and in the coping of the building’s parapet. Between the first and second stories is a series of masonry modillion- like masonry brackets. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

307 East Cesar E. Chavez. Reck Brothers Building (1900). NRHP-listed. This is a rectangular-plan, flat-roofed two-story, orange brick two-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The street level facade has two storefronts, each composed of large transomed display windows on rough-faced limestone veneer bulkheads that extend from the facade corners to a slant sided entrances holding metal frame glass doors. Brick piers separate these entrances from the single door to the second story, which is centered in the facade. Above these are several corbelled brick courses beneath a masonry stringcourse, which serves as the base for engaged brick pilasters at the building corners and on each side of the narrow central bay extending up from the entry door below. The pilasters have plain masonry plinths and capitals and extend up through the second story to several corbelled brick courses supporting a masonry Bell Flower string course. Above this is a wide frieze beneath corbelled and dentil brick courses supporting a plain masonry block course on which rests the building’s stepped and crenellated parapet. Enframed by this brick work, the second story has two broad and large round-arch triple windows having brick voussoir lintels with masonry keystones. These have plain masonry sills, as does the single round arch double-hung sash window in the narrow central bay between them, which has a plain masonry lintel. The prominent arches and masonry present indicates this building is influenced by the Romanesque Revival style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

311 East Cesar E. Chavez. F. Preuss Building No. 2 (1926). Arthur Amons, contractor. NRHP-listed. This is a rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, two-story, reddish brown brick two-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The street level has a slant-sided entrance at the right corner

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State containing a wood paneled door to the second story and a metal framed glass door. To their left are two large display windows that rest on a brick bulkhead. The storefront cornice is covered in panels. The second story has two sets of paired double-hung sash windows that rest on a continuous masonry sill. The upper facade has a broad panel outlined by horizontal by soldier bond and vertical and stack bond brick with masonry corner blocks. In its center is a limestone plaque stating “F. PREUSS / 1926.” The building’s cornice is composed of brick dentils beneath several courses of corbelled brick that extend to the tile-coped parapet. This building is a good example of the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

313 East Cesar E. Chavez. North End Rest Rooms Building (1915). H. A. Sparks, designer; Wright & Prall, contractor. NRHP-listed. This building is located along the west side of a railroad track. It is a rectangular-plan, flat- roofed, two-story, red-brick, two-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The street level facade is recessed beneath a full-width broad masonry arch with a central keystone, which is supported on square corner piers with masonry bases and capitals. The two wood panel entry doors within are accessed by two masonry steps extending between the corner piers. Above the arch is a classically inspired masonry cornice. Above this, the second story has a centered triple double-hung sash window that has a broad continuous plain masonry lintel and sill. The building is capped by a classic entablature cornice. The front section of the right (east) side of the building’s first story facing the tracks is also recessed behind three plain wood columns. The recessed wall contains two wood panel entry doors that alternate with two and three double-hung sash windows on plain masonry sills, and a third door is in the ell at the far end of the recessed section. The second story alternates three sets of three double-hung sash windows with two sets of two identical windows, each set sharing a continuous masonry sill. The classical details indicate this building was influenced by the Classical Revival style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

Between 313 and 317 East Cesar E. Chavez. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Marker (1920s?). Contributing. This object is a concrete obelisk or pylon about two feet tall that is imprinted vertically “LS&MS / (horizontally) LAND / LINE.” It is located adjacent to the southeast corner of 313 East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. at the west edge of an apparently abandoned railroad right-of-way that crosses Cesar E. Chavez Avenue between 313 and 317 East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. and between the west side of 302 East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. and what remains of Factory Street.

317 East Cesar E. Chavez. Building (Between 1913 and 1926). NRHP-listed. This building is located adjacent to the east side of a railroad right-of-way. It is a rectangular- plan, flat-roofed two-story, golden yellow brick two-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The recessed entrance contains a wood frame glass entry door with transom and is centered between two large display windows with transoms that rest on narrow wood panel bulkheads. To the right at the building corner is a second recessed entry containing a wood paneled glass entry door leading to the second story. An engaged brick pier with masonry blocks at base, mid-shaft and capital is placed at each side of the storefront. These rise to a full-

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State width course of soldier bond brick A masonry string course forms a continuous sill for the two sets of paired double-hung sash windows in the second story. Above these, two recessed brick panels are placed below the pressed metal cornice and a shallow stepped parapet. Centered in the parapet is a partially exfoliated masonry plaque inscribed, “---3” (likely 1913). The first story of the left side elevation has three functionally positioned double-hung sash windows, while the second has six double-hung sash windows, all with plain masonry sills. This building most closely aligns with the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as Contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

319-325 East Cesar E. Chavez. D & C Stores Building (1941). Francis J. Corr & Son, contractor. Contributing. This is a rectangular-plan, flat-roofed single-story, brick enframed window wall building that rests on a concrete foundation. The facade is clad in enameled metal panels, the base in gray and the remainder in beige. The symmetrical fenestration is composed largely of ribbons of large display windows, extending in from the building corners to two sets of paired metal framed glass entry doors that are separated by a narrow section of display windows. A solid small pent awning shields the entrances and windows. Above it is a full-width horizontal recessed panel containing signage. This is one of the best examples of the enframed window wall type of building in the historic district, and its linearity suggests generalized references to the Art Deco style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as Non-Contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

327 East Cesar E. Chavez. Alt Heidelberg Beer Garden Building (1928). NRHP-listed. This is a rectangular-plan, flat-roofed single-story blue-painted brick one-part commercial block building that rests on a concrete foundation. The recessed slant sided entrance contains a steel panel door, and is centered between two small fixed pane windows, all set in a facade clad in wood planks. This renovation is set within a frame of dressed masonry that rises from broad masonry blocks at the building’s base. On each side and above this block frame the facade is clad in brick, and incorporates two broad recessed panels in the upper facade beneath a curse of header bond brick topping the facade’s parapet. This building appears to be a smaller example of the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as Contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

329 East Cesar E. Chavez. Bank of Lansing Building (1928). J. N. Churchill, architect. NRHP-listed. This building occupies the northwest corner of the Center Street intersection. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, yellow brick vault-type building resting on a concrete foundation that has a wide dressed limestone water table. The entrance contains a metal frame glass door with transom and sidelights and is placed between two broad fluted dressed limestone pilasters. Between them and above the door is a broad arched divided light window, set within a receding classically inspired lintel. The pilasters are capped by foliate-embellished capitals flanking an inscribed stone stating “BANK OF LANSING.” The upper facade has a course of dentilled brick that supports a broad plain dressed limestone band, which wraps around to the east side elevation. The windows on each side of the entrance and along the side elevation all have

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State classically inspired round arch masonry lintels and rest on the tall limestone water table, and all have metal balconettes. The four windows on the right-side elevation are full height and repeat the scale of the facade entrance, and are separated by fluted limestone pilasters identical to the facade’s. The side, too, has a broad dentilled frieze is created by two coursed of dressed limestone blocks, and is capped by a dentilled cornice. A section extending the rear of the building appears to be a later addition, resembling the architecture of the main building, but on a muted scale. This building displays classical and Georgian Revival influences. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

401-405. East Cesar E. Chavez. Hotel Digby / Digby Hotel Building (1912-1913). Samuel Dana Butterworth, architect; Michael Mahoney, contractor. NRHP-listed. This building is located at the northeast corner of the Center Street intersection. It is a large three-story, L-plan, gray-painted, brick building with a flat roof that sits on a raised concrete foundation. This building has a cant corner bay containing the primary entrance that is angled to front the intersection of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street. The concrete steps and stoop in front of the entry are also canted. The wood panel glass entry door is set between two sidelights and beneath a transom window. It is flanked by two engaged brick piers with simple masonry capitals. Paired double-hung sash windows with masonry sills occupy the second and third floors above. The street level on either side of the entrance is pierced by a large two-light display window beneath a triple window transom, which have plain masonry sills. The Turner Street side then has a sealed entry door with transom and a large display window with multi- lighted transom. The Cesar E. Chavez street level to the right of the entry door has another (steel) entry door between two large windows with transoms, another similar window and a wood panel glass entry door at the rear corner. The second and third stories have evenly spaced double-hung sash windows, four bays on Turner Street and five bays on Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. All windows have plain masonry sills. A belt course of soldier bond brick above the third story windows also serves as their lintels. Above this, a belt course of rowlock bond brick forms the base of a broad frieze beneath a minimalist cornice formed from several courses of corbelled brick. The restrained decoration defines this as an example of the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as Contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

407. East Cesar E. Chavez. Digby Hotel (Addition) (1922-1923). George Hagameier, Contractor. NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, gray-painted-brick two-part commercial block with a flat roof and concrete foundation. The street level is two bays wide, a slant sided corner entry containing a wood frame glass entry door and adjacent wood paneled door to the second story, which is to the right of a large display window resting on a paneled wood bulkhead. Transom windows occur above the recessed entry and the window. The second story has two double-hung sash with plain masonry sills. A single course of soldier bond brick runs across the window lintels and a single corbelled course of rowlock bond brick above references a cornice. The side wall is constructed of concrete block and lacks fenestration. The virtual lack of ornamentation indicates this building is an example of the Commercial Brick style.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 505 East Cesar E. Chavez. John Fackler Building (1920). Contributing. This building is located along the east side of a parking lot that occupies the northeast corner of the Cedar Street intersection. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, reddish-brown- brick one-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The facade has a series of wood panels enclosing the original fenestration beneath a narrow pent roof with a dentilled fascia, which is located below a recessed horizontal brick panel. Engaged brick corner piers extend up from the sidewalk to stylized “capitals” formed by soldier bond brick enframed by white masonry brick. Extending between these are four courses of corbelled brick, supporting the upper facade, which is punctuated by regularly spaced white diamond masonry blocks. The west side elevation, now containing the building entrance, is sheathed in vertical wood panels and has a broad shallow asphalt shingle clad pent roof above the door. This building most closely aligns with the Commercial Brick style.

507 East Cesar E. Chavez. (Between 1926 and 1945). Contributing. This is a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed reddish-brown brick one-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The street level has three large display windows with transoms on wood paneled bulkheads set between wood panels. This recent vintage alteration resulted in removal of the building’s door when it was linked by the renovation to the building next door to the east (509). Above the renovation is a recessed brick panel between two engaged corner piers. This building most closely aligns with the Commercial Brick style.

509-513 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1922). Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, reddish-brown-brick, two-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The renovated street level has wood panels separated by vertical and horizontal wood planks that enframe the entry doors and display windows. Three asymmetrically placed metal framed glass doors access storefronts at 509, 511 and 513. A large fixed pane window and transom are left of the 509 entrance and a ribbon of three large windows flank 513 to the right. At the right corner an engaged brick corner pier extends up to the second story, and two others are placed in the center and left corner of the second story above the renovated first story. These all rise to the plain parapet, which is above four courses of corbelled brickwork on the upper facade. The middle pier divides the second story fenestration, a mirror image composed of a single and paired double-hung sash windows on plain concrete sills. The east side elevation is concrete block, with fenestration composed of four equally spaced double- hung sash windows in the second story, stacked above what were originally four in the first story, but the third one back from the facade corner has been converted to a door. This building most closely aligns with the Commercial Brick style.

515 East Cesar E. Chavez. Valentine and Appollonia Luppert House (Pre-1883). Contributing. This is a rectangular-plan, two-story, front gabled frame building that is clad in vinyl siding and is shielded by an asphalt shingle roof. The facade has four large display windows set within wood panels framed in wood planks. It lacks an entrance because renovations have joined it to the building next door at (formerly addressed as 515½. The second story has two widely spaced double-hung sash windows. The visible side elevation lacks windows and a single-story section

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State extends the rear elevation. This building has been joined to the building next door to the east as a single address of 515. Previously, this building had been addressed as 515 and the one next door as 515 ½. City directories reveal that these two buildings have been addressed together as 515 as early as 1937.

515½ East Cesar E. Chavez. Noice Grocery Addition Building (1936). Contributing. This is a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed building that has an ashlar broken rangework limestone facade. The off-center entry with a steel framed glass door and transom and adjacent pair of large fixed pane windows are all framed in wide boards. This building has been joined to the building next door to the east as a single address of 515, and its door provides access to both structures. Previously, this building had been addressed as 515 ½ and the one next door as 515. City directories reveal that these two buildings have been addressed together as 515 as early as 1937.

517 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1900). Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, beige-painted brick, two-part commercial block that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. The street level facade has an aluminum frame glass entry door near the left corner and a double large fixed pane window to its right, and a second aluminum frame glass entry door at the right corner, with a single large fixed pane window to its left. At the time of the survey the first story cladding had been removed exposing tar paper. The brick second story has three evenly spaced fixed pane windows with plain masonry sills and lintels. The upper facade is five courses of corbelled brick alternating in a dentil pattern. The west side wall is concrete block, stepped towards the rear, and has two double-hung sash windows in the second story. This building appears to be influenced by the Late Victorian Commercial style.

519 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1900; 1934). Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, red-painted-brick, two-part commercial block that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. The street level facade has an aluminum frame glass entry door near the right corner that is flanked to the left by paired and single large fixed pane windows. At the time of the survey the first story cladding had been removed, exposing tar paper. The brick second story has three evenly spaced double-hung sash windows. These have large masonry lintels with pediments and prominent keystones, which are embellished with a variety of motifs including rosettes and chevrons. The windows have plain masonry sills. The upper facade has a brick crow-step corbel table beneath three separate corbelled string courses referencing a cornice. This building is an example of the Late Victorian commercial style.

521 East Cesar E. Chavez. (Between 1892 and 1898; 1986). Non-Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, two-part commercial block that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. The renovated storefront has recently installed red brick veneer on the first story and vinyl siding on the second. The street level has an entry door at each corner and two small fixed pane windows between. The second story has two small double-hung sash vinyl replacement windows. The rear is clad in vinyl siding. Because none of the original building fabric is evident, this building is considered Non-Contributing.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

523 East Cesar E. Chavez. (post-1953). Contributing. This building located west of an alley. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, reddish orange brick two-part commercial block that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. The street level facade has a wood frame glass entry door at the right corner, which is flanked by a large triple window with transoms that rests on a wide brick bulkhead. The second story has two small double-hung sash windows with plain masonry sills. The building’s decoration is confined to engaged brick corner piers that extend up to the upper facade where four corbelled brick courses are placed below a tile-coped parapet. The right/east side wall is built of concrete block and have four double-hung sash windows of various sizes in the second story. The lack of ornamentation defines it as an example of the Commercial Brick style.

527 East Cesar E. Chavez. Ezray Building (1946 west part, 1970s east part). Lansing Construction Co. (west part). Contributing. This is an L-plan building that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. The older west two-story portion of the building has a reddish orange brick facade and concrete block side walls. It is joined near the rear of its east side by a more recent single-story section. The first story of the two-story portion is unified with the rest of the building by its vertically seamed wood panel cladding, shallow asphalt shingle-clad pent roof, and two large fixed pane windows that duplicate the rest of the structure. The sidewalls of the two-story section are concrete block and have four double-hung sash windows in the second story. The entrance for the two sections is centered beneath a projecting taller pent roof in the single-story portion. This building is joined by a breezeway to another building on the corner of Cedar Street that was formerly addressed as 539 (see discussion under that address). The lack of ornament in the older two-story section indicates it has affinities to the Commercial Brick style, or perhaps the total lack and clean lines hint at Art Deco influences.

539 East Cesar E. Chavez (1201 N. Larch). Hickok Oil Co. Hi-Speed Gas Station Building (1934-1935; 1970s). Non-Contributing. This building is located on the northwest corner of the Larch Street intersection. It is a rectangular-plan, single-story building that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. Its distinctive canted corner faces the intersection and its long axis faces Larch. Its rear (west) elevation now joins to the adjacent building addressed as 527 East Cesar E. Chavez (see discussion under that address). This corner building is unified with the rest of the structure by its vertically seamed wood panel cladding, tall asphalt shingle-clad pent roof, and series of large fixed pane windows that duplicate the rest of the building. The entrance for the building now occurs in 527, although a vehicular entrance door is located at the northeast corner of this building. This building’s siting and configuration indicate it was constructed as a gasoline filling station.

611 East Cesar E. Chavez. Sam Fortino Building (1922). Lansing Michigan Construction Co., designer and contractor. Contributing. This building is adjacent to a large parking lot at the northeast corner of the Larch Street intersection. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, reddish brown brick two-part commercial block

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. The side walls are built of concrete block. A single-story concrete ell at the rear northwest corner of the two-story section joins it to a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed section. The street level facade of the two-story section has a recessed entry door between two small fixed pane windows with splayed brick sills. A door at the right corner is placed beneath a transom window. A stacked soldier and rowlock bond course extends across the facade between two engaged corner piers that rise to the upper facade and four courses of corbelled brickwork. The second story has two double-hung sash windows with plain masonry sills and soldier bond lintels. A masonry date stone inscribed “1922,” which has diagonally placed square masonry corner blocks, is centered in the upper facade. The concrete block west elevation has six double-hung sash in the second story and the opposite side four. The retrained ornamentation of the two-story building indicates it represents the Commercial Brick style. (The large single-story section now joined to the rear of this building that was built in 1970 is discussed as 1200 N. Larch, see entry.)

EAST CESAR E. CHAVEZ AVENUE, SOUTH SIDE east from N. Washington Ave.

104 East Cesar E. Chavez. Rouse Block (see discussion under 1136 N. Washington) (1897). NRHP-listed. Note: this is rear section of the building fronting on and addressed as 1136 N. Washington – see that entry.

106 East Cesar E. Chavez. (Pre-1892). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, orange-red brick, two-part commercial block that has a combination gabled and flat roofline parapet. The facade has a brick pier on each side and another in the center. All extend to the roof, with the center one intersecting the roof line where the gable meets the flat section. The street level of the gabled section has an entry door centered between two display windows and transoms that curve beneath the storefront cornice. The east side in the flat-roofline section has a corner entry flanked by a large window and transoms, set within wood panels identical to the gabled side. All three piers at the storefront cornice have limestone capitals with floral motifs and are connected by a dentilled limestone course. Another run of limestone above this supports the plain limestone sills of the second story double-hung sash windows. A broad limestone band, which extends between limestone capitals on the piers identical to those above the first story, serves as the lintels of these windows. It too is incised with floral motifs, while the section above each window has a dogtooth motif. The building cornice is an entablature with a wide frieze capped by modillions that run between large limestone capitals, accentuated by a scroll finial at the apex of the gable. This is one of the more elaborate buildings in the district, and its classical motifs appear to present Georgian commercial influences. In 1976 this building was evaluated as Contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

108 East Cesar E. Chavez. Bopp Block (1893). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, two-part limestone commercial block with a flat roof. The sidewall is covered in synthetic stucco. The facade has an entry door centered between two display windows, all with transoms and set within wood frame panels. Rock-faced limestone

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State block corner piers support a semi-dressed limestone block frieze with a minimal cornice at the top of the first story windows. The corner piers extend up to the masonry parapeted cornice. Most of the second story is contained within a broad semi-elliptical limestone arch within which the dressed limestone block wall plane is pierced by three double-hung windows with a continuous sill of dressed limestone blocks. Their lintels are formed by continuous rock-faced limestone blocks. Within the arch a small central window is placed below two large dressed limestone blocks, one incised, “1893” and the other below it, “BOPP.” The building is eclectic in inspiration with classical motifs but also through its stonework and arch has strong Romanesque affinities. In 1976 this building was identified as the Bopp Block and was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District

110 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1917). NRHP-listed. This is a single-story, rectangular-plan, building with a flat roof that is clad in stucco. The facade has a corner entry door flanked by a large display window with a plain masonry sill. Both the door and window have lintels with oversized keystones that are repeated in two double-hung sash windows in the left (east) side elevation. The building parapet has a single step on the side elevation. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

116 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1890; between 1906 and 1913). Contributing. This building is sited along the west bank of the Grand River well behind 120 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. It is a single-story, rock-faced concrete block structure. The main section of the building is square in plan, and a rectangular single-story extension is on the southwest corner of the building. The building is built into the slope of the river similar to a walk-out and is a full two stories facing the water. The roof slopes from west to east behind the parapet of the facade (north elevation). This facade has five regularly spaced double-hung sash windows and a corner entry, all with plain masonry lintels and sills. The west elevation has an entry between two double-hung sash windows and a smaller slider is placed near the junction with a metal section with a garage bay to the southwest. The second story fenestration of the of the east river side has four double-hung sash, a centered casement and a filled void, while the five voids below are all sealed. This building appears to have its origins as an industrial or manufacturing structure.

120 East Cesar E. Chavez. M. J. Haag Building (1925). Contributing. This building overlooks the west bank of the Grand River. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, red-brick building whose facade is painted lime green. This one-part commercial block has a concrete foundation and a flat roof. The facade has an entry centered between two large display windows resting on wood bulkheads. The transom area above the door and windows is filled with glass block. Above these is a course of soldier bond brick that runs between the building corners. The side elevations, which have a stepped parapet, are punctuated by functionally positioned double-hung sash windows.

NOTE: The Grand River flows between the 100 and 200 blocks of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. See discussion between 119 and 201 East Cesar E. Chavez for the bridge spanning the river.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

200-202 East Cesar E. Chavez. Scofield Block (1891). Darius B. Moon, architect. NRHP- listed. This building is located adjacent to the east bank of the Grand River. It is a two-and-one-half story rectangular-plan, two-part commercial building built with a limestone facade and brick sidewalls, and is shielded by a flat roof. The coursed ashlar rock-faced limestone blocks incorporate four full-height engaged piers. At the street level these enframe two sections of large plate glass display windows on wood bulkheads and a corner bay with entry doors leading to 200 and 202. A storefront cornice above these is associated with dressed limestone capitals on each of the four piers, between which a course of dressed limestone serves as a continuous sill for the six double-hung sash windows of the second story, four of which have Queen Anne lights. The two center windows have flat gauged stone lintels and the other four have limestone block voussoirs. Each of the engaged piers at the level of the lintels has a dressed limestone diamond block, and in the central bay these are linked by a course of dressed limestone that serves as the lintel for a round arch window. The elaborate cornice has a gabled parapet in the center bay and consists of a broad frieze with modillions punctuated by brackets. The piers extend above the cornice, and two of them retain the limestone figural gargoyles that apparently once occupied all four. The stone and arches of this building indicate it has affinities with the Romanesque Revival commercial style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

204 East Cesar E. Chavez. Alroy A. Wilbur Building (1890). Darius B. Moon, architect. NRHP-listed. This is a rectangular-plan, three-and-one-half story two bay wide red-brick two-part commercial building with a flat roof. The street level has a recessed corner entrance next to a triple display window with transom resting on a masonry bulkhead. Brick piers at the building center and corners have a masonry block at midpoint and are capped by dressed limestone with incised foliate motifs, and are joined above the entrance by a sawtooth lintel. Above this the second story is a combination of brick and dressed limestone. A limestone course is the continuous sill for the three double-hung sash windows that have oversized limestone lintels with incised foliate motifs beneath a course of diamond blocks. A limestone Doric column is placed between the window above the door and the paired windows of the adjacent bay. Flanking these at the building corners, corbelled brick projects the piers outward and extend up through the second story and above the parapet, each capped by a pyramidal roof. The third story windows have elaborately dressed limestone lintels similar to those below and a Doric column is placed above and is identical to the one on the second story. The double-hung sash windows of the wider western bay are set beneath an elaborate elliptical masonry arch with keystone and incised floral motifs. The narrow eastern bay has a date stone embossed “1890.” The elaborate cornice above the third story has a wide frieze with fantail motifs separated by scroll brackets linked by a modillion course. The 1976 nomination described this building as a fine example of Victorian eclecticism with Romanesque detailing. At the time of the current survey in late 2017, this building was undergoing renovation and lacked at least a portion of its roof. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 206 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1867-1868, 1919). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, yellow-painted-brick, two-part commercial building that has a flat parapeted roof. The street level has a slant-sided entry centered between two large display windows resting on paneled wood bulkheads. Transom windows are placed within wood frames above the door and windows. The second story has three double-hung round arch sash windows on plain masonry sills, which all have elliptical masonry lintels with acanthus leaf pendants. These are recessed between engaged brick piers and are placed below segmental arched corbelled brickwork with cut outs. Above these is a section of corbelled brick dentils that extends across the facade beneath an elaborate entablature, which has a paneled frieze, and large scroll brackets at the building corners that are linked by modillions. This is a good example of the Italianate commercial style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

208 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1873; 1929). NRHP-listed. This building is located along the west side of a large parking lot that extends east past the Turner Street intersection. It is a three-story rectangular-plan, reddish brick two-part commercial building with a flat roof. The street level’s three bays are defined by broad elliptical arches formed by a double course of header bond brick. The broader center bay contains an entry door between two large windows resting on masonry bulkheads, all with transom windows. The large window in the narrow bay to the left (east) is identical to those in the center, while the narrow bay to the right contains a recessed entry door. A dressed limestone course is positioned beneath the three double-hung sash windows of the second story. These rest on plain masonry sills and have segmental arch lintels formed from a double course of contrasting color header bond brick supported by common bond brick ears. The windows in the third story are very similar but have round arch lintels. Engaged brick corner piers rise from the second story through the third to support a corbelled brick cornice composed of dentils and cutouts. The side elevation has three small segmental arch windows and a round arch door in the first story and four segmental arch double-hung sash windows in the second and third stories. A shed-roof, single-story section, added in 1929, is on the rear elevation. This is a restrained example of the Italianate commercial style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

NOTE: Between 1906 and 1913, Sanborn maps renumber the east portion of the south side of the 200 block east of an alley alongside 208, from a 200 series to a 300 series. While 200-208 remain addressed the same, the old/ new addresses are 210/300, 212/302, 214/304, 216/306, 218/308, 220/310, 222/312, 224/314, and 228/316. This was completed to align the maps with city directory listings, whose addresses are constant through this period.

212 East Cesar E. Chavez (1131 Race St.). Cady-Glassbrook Building (1890; 1903; Between 1999 and 2002). Darius B. Moon, architect (1903 addition). NRHP-listed. The building originally at 212 East Cesar E. Chavez has been demolished and the current address of 212 has been assigned to the building historically addressed as 1131 Race Street, which is located west of a large parking lot and behind 208 East Cesar E. Chavez. This large building is located at the rear of the buildings at 200-208 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, along the east side

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State of the Grand River, and west of a large public parking lot that extends east past the Turner Street intersection. It formerly had an address on Race Street, which no longer exists.) It is a complex of components of varying floor plans and heights providing a very complex almost trapezoidal footprint and roofline, all of brick construction. The largest, southernmost section is a nearly rectangular-plan, two-story, with a shallow-pitched gabled roof. It is connected to the west to a two-story, nearly-rectangular-plan, flat-roofed section that overlooks the Grand River. Fenestration is composed primarily of evenly spaced elliptical arched openings containing double-hung sash windows with plain masonry sills in both stories of both buildings. The gabled section has paired entry doors in the gable end wall lower right corner and a second set with a balconette centered in the second story above. All windows in the south wall second story are paired double-hung sash beneath an elliptical arch lintel. The flat-roofed portion has evenly spaced double-hung sash windows with transoms in the second story and pairs of entry doors and full height windows opening to a plaza to the south on the first story. All window lintels are double rows of soldier bond brick. The west wall of the flat-roofed section facing the river has continuous repetitious runs of elliptical arched openings with double-hung sash windows and transoms identical to those in the south wall. An off-center bay differs in having paired small double-hung sash windows. This section is joined at its northern end by a three-story shed- roofed section pierced by two elliptical arch openings with double-hung sash windows on the second and third stories and a single one in the first story. The brick of this section’s north wall is darker and has filled-in elliptical arch window voids, apparently confirming that portions of this building are original. Smaller two-story and one-story sections with shed roofs occupy a part of the northern ell formed by the intersection of the two-story gabled and flat-roofed sections. These have functional fenestration of elliptical arched openings with double-hung sash windows and doors, including one with a balconette in the second story.

The brick used in most of the building’s exterior has been cleaned and may be combined with new brick. However, much of the fenestration pattern appears to be original, with the classic industrial type rows of windows and the retention of (now useless) second story doors (now with balconettes). Based on a photo in a 1976 report (LHDSC 1976: photo 87), the three-story shed- roof section at the north end of the building is original, but the two-story, large, flat-roofed section south of it is new construction. The North Lansing Facade Restoration Study from 1979 shows the gabled two-story section was at that time flat-roofed with square steel framed windows in the ground floor (City of Lansing 1979: 1131 Race Street). The available evidence indicates a good portion of the building here retains original exterior walls and it appears to retain the same footprint today as in the earlier Sanborn editions. In sum, this appears to be an architecturally sensitive reconstruction and renovation that overall retains the historic character of the original building fabric, so as it has evolved from “ruins” in the 1976 nomination, it is considered to be Contributing to the historic district. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

226 East Cesar E. Chavez. American State Savings Bank Building (1929-1930). Harold A. Childs, architect; George Hagameier & Sons, contractor. NRHP-listed. This building occupied the southwest corner of the former Factory Street intersection, which is now an access to a large parking lot that surrounds the building. It is a single-story, rectangular-

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State plan, golden yellow brick vault building with a flat roof and concrete foundation. The narrow facade is largely composed of dressed limestone that enframes an entry door beneath a massive Georgian Revival round arch window. Beneath this window the door is set between pairs of wood pilasters and panels. The entrance and Georgian window are enframed by oversized dressed limestone fluted pilasters between which is a round arch with keystone and tympanum. The pilasters support a classical entablature with a wide frieze and dentilled cornice. Dressed limestone then continues up to form a centered parapet from which dark colored brick extends across the facade and through the side elevations. This is in sharp contrast to the primary yellow brick of the rest of the building, perhaps referencing a continuation of the limestone parapet. A dressed limestone block water table extends from the facade and anchors both side elevations. Resting on this are five broad round arch openings with Georgian Revival windows, with an entrance in the base of the fourth one south from the facade corner. Limestone accent blocs are used in the imposts and as keystones in association with round arches formed of triple courses of header bond brick. Above these, a simple lower cornice is created by a course of limestone is separated by the brick wall plane from the dentilled limestone cornice that wraps around from the façade. Although not described in the 1976 nomination, this building is mapped and identified as the Bank Block in its map of the North Lansing Historic Commercial District, was not identified as an “intrusion,” and therefore, contributing.

302 East Cesar E. Chavez. Reutter Building (1923). Reutter & Horne, builder(?). NRHP- listed. This building is located along the east side of a railroad grade. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, reddish brown brick two-part commercial building with a concrete foundation and a flat roof. The off-center slant-sided entrance contains two aluminum frame glass entry doors, the one to the right entering the storefront and to the left, the second story. To the right of the entrance are two large aluminum framed display windows that rest on a narrow masonry bulkhead. A ribbon of large transom windows extends from the entrance across the display windows. A course of soldier bond brick forms a lintel above the transom. The second story is pierced by a paired and a single double-hung sash window that rest on plain masonry sills. Within the upper cornice, centered between two slightly recessed brick panels is a date stone with a header bond brick frame that states, “REUTTER / 1923.” The side elevation has functionally placed double-hung sash windows with masonry sills. A two-story, flat-roofed concrete block section extends the rear elevation. The building with straightforward minimal details is most easily classified as a representative of the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

304 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1865). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, yellow brick two-part commercial building with a flat roof. The street level facade is set within wood framing and panels and is composed of an off-center entrance with a wood frame glass door between two fixed pane windows. Adjacent to the right are two larger fixed pane windows that extend to the right/west building corner. A ribbon of six large transom windows occurs above entrance and windows. In the second story, a course of dressed limestone block serves as a continuous sill for three double-hung sash windows in segmental arch openings. These have elaborate cast iron window hoods with a variety of floral

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State and scroll motifs, including Acanthus leaf and Bell Flower. Contrasting reddish orange brick extends upward from the street level as engaged corner piers to the upper facade and merge to a dentilled corbel tables across the facade below a cornice (now removed). This is an example of Italianate commercial architecture. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

306 East Cesar E. Chavez. Christopher-Ziegler Building (1875; 1930). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, reddish brown brick two-part commercial building with a flat roof. The street level has a slant sided entrance with a wood frame glass door centered between two large display windows that rest on glazed tile bulkheads. A transom window runs across the building at the level of the storefront cornice. Centered in the second story is a triple/Chicago window with a soldier bond lintel and plain masonry sill, and centered above the window is a masonry date stone inscribed “1930.” The second story margins are formed by engaged corner piers that are linked at the top and bottom by single courses of soldier bond brick whose ends are anchored by plain square masonry corner blocks. Above this, several courses of corbelled brick merge to the upper facade that extends to the building’s parapet. This building is very similar to the neighboring storefront at 308 and is a good example of the post-World War I Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District. The 1976 nomination states the original building was constructed in 1875 and extensively renovated in 1930.

308 East Cesar E. Chavez. F. Preuss Building No. 1 (1875; 1921; 1924). NRHP-listed. This building is located west of a parking lot. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, reddish brown brick two-part commercial building with a flat roof. The street level has a slant sided entrance with a wood frame entry door centered between two large display windows that rest on brick bulkheads. A boarded over transom runs across the building at the level of the storefront cornice. To the right is a wood frame glass corner entry door with a glass block transom. Above these a masonry block course extends across the building and serves as a continuous sill for the second story’s triple and single double-hung sash windows. Above the second story windows is a brick panel outlined by vertical and horizontal header bond brick with square masonry corner blocks. Within the panel ate two diamond masonry blocks on either side of a masonry stone embossed, “F. PREUSS / 1924.” Engaged brick corner piers run through the second story up to four courses of corbelled brick that form the base of the upper facade. The parapet above lacks ornamentation. The east side elevation has a functional piercing pattern of double-hung sash windows and boarded over windows and two small elliptical arched windows in the first story rear. This building is very similar to the neighboring building at 306 and is a good example of the post-World War I Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District. The 1976 nomination states the original building was constructed in 1875 and extensively renovated in 1924.

314 East Cesar E. Chavez. Tastee Freeze Building (circa 1951). Contributing. This building is located at the southwest corner of the Center Street intersection, and is associated with a sizeable parking lot that extends to the west and south. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed building that has a concrete foundation and is clad in vinyl siding.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The projecting center section is a large box bay that contains two large windows on the facade that wrap to a narrow window on each side adjacent to the main body of the building. On each wall adjacent to the box bay is a small opening filled by a single pane window over a sliding (“walk-up”) window. The wide fascia of the roof holds a painted sign above the box bay stating “ARCTIC FREEZE.” The side elevations have small, functionally positioned windows.

NVA 400 Block East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. Comerica Bank ATM (2000s?). Non- Contributing. This structure occupies the southeast corner of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Center Street. It is constructed of four metal posts that support a flat-roofed canopy to shelter the ATM machine beneath. Because the structure lacks historical and architectural significance, and is less than fifty years old, it is considered non-contributing.

408 East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. (1916; 1930). Contributing. This building is located on the east side of a parking lot that extends to the southeast corner of the Center Street intersection, and its east side is next to an alley. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed one-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The facade is red-painted brick and the side elevations are built of rusticated concrete block. The facade has a slant sided entrance with a wood frame glass door that is centered between large display windows on wood paneled bulkheads. Transom windows above these extend between the building’s engaged brick corner piers. The upper facade is a brick panel bordered by a course of stretcher bond brick across the top and bottom and bottom and stack bond brick on the sides. The field within the panel is composed of checkerboard pattern brick. The building terminates in a raised parapet that is stepped towards the rear on the side elevations. The left/east side lacks fenestration, while the opposite side has a centrally placed window.

410 East Cesar E. Chavez. Dean & Harris Building Addition (1929). The Reniger Co., contractors. Contributing. This building today is included in a single business addressed as 1127 N. Cedar St. It is a single- story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-brick, enframed-window-wall building with a concrete foundation. The facade is brick and the sidewalls are concrete block. The engaged two corner piers and three others between them define the facade’s four bays. A narrower off-center bay contains the entrance with a metal framed glass door, which is between two wider bays containing a single fixed pane window to the left and four narrow fixed pane windows to the right, all set within openings that have been infilled with wood panels, but retain their masonry sills. The right corner bay opening is fully occupied by a metal overhead garage door. Above each of the openings is a course of soldier bond brick, and above these is a rectangular panel of exposed concrete block, which apparently once held signage. Beneath the parapeted roof is an upper facade supported by four courses of corbelled brick that alternate in a broad dentil pattern. The side elevation is pierced by infilled windows set between engaged concrete block wall piers.

412 East Cesar E. Chavez. Dean & Harris Building (1923; 1924). Contributing. This building and its parking lot occupy the southwest corner of the Cedar Street intersection, currently included in a single business addressed as 1127 N. Cedar St. It is a single-story,

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-brick, enframed-window-wall building with a concrete foundation. The facade is brick and the sidewalls are concrete block. The facade has a steel entry door set within a wood-panel infilled opening at the right building corner. It is one of six bays defined by engaged brick piers constructed of alternating sections of two brick courses and plain masonry blocks that terminate with a beveled corner block at the top of the opening. The original primary entrance, now infilled with wood panels, has a broad masonry pediment above an elliptical arch spanning the piers, which has a keystone and is anchored to the top of the piers by masonry blocks with an open circle motif. Concrete steps lead to this opening as well as to another now wood panel-infilled opening in the left corner bay. Soldier bond brick extends across the facade above all openings, interrupted only by the pediment of the former entry bay. Above this are broad rectangular brick panels bordered by a course of rowlock brick on the top and bottom and stacked header bond brick on the sides. There are two of these panels on each half of the building and each contains a plain masonry field in which diamond bond brick provides a central element. Corbelled brick above these occur below a parapeted roof that is broken by masonry crenellations at the top of each wall pier. The east side elevation is clad in concrete skin and murals and contains the building’s current primary entrance within a round hoop awning, which faces the Cedar Street parking lot.

502 East Cesar E. Chavez. First Methodist Episcopal Church (1918). Lee Black, architect; Fred J. Bremer (Hemlock, Michigan), contractor. Contributing. This imposing building is located on the southeast corner of the N. Cedar Street intersection. The rectangular-plan, four-story brick structure has a concrete foundation and a flat roof. A masonry course extends from the portico across the facade and onto the side elevations above a corbelled brick water table. The facade is distinguished by its classically inspired enclosed two-story portico containing two sets of paired entry doors. Its three bays occur behind four fluted columns on tall plinths with Doric capitals that support a robust entablature with a wide frieze and dentilled cornice. Between the columns are round arches of gauged brick that contain round arch triple windows beneath which are paired paneled entry doors with lighted transoms in the lateral bays on either side of a center bay with a signboard beneath a window. On either side of the portico the building’s symmetrical facade is divided into three bays by brick pilasters that rise to stylized capitals supporting a cornice. Three stories of rectangular stained glass windows are placed within the pilasters in ranks of three in the lateral bays and three sets of double windows in the central bay. All have plain masonry sills. Between the second and third stories are broad rectangular brick panels bordered by a course of stretcher bond brick that is laid vertically on the top and bottom and horizontally on the sides. Above the cornice are regularly spaced oculus windows that are placed below a classically inspired dentilled cornice. The building terminates in a parapeted roof with regularly spaced diamond blocks. The side elevations employ the same architectural elements as the facade, with three broad bays defined by piers with three stories of two stained glass windows in the lateral bays and three in the central one. This building is a fine example of the Neo-Classical style, unusual for a church edifice.

The following interior description is from the city’s Historic District Study Committee report (HDSC 2011).

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

The interior of the building is comprised of two primary spaces with several smaller rooms, bath rooms, common areas and staircases. On the first floor, the main entrance has a wide wooden staircase that leads to a landing and short stairs to the second floor. Past the main entrance, the first floor has a hallway that extends from the northeast stairs to the west side of the building. Along the hallway, four stained glass windows from the previous church occupy the site. There is a large open room on the first floor with access to smaller rooms on each side. The second floor features a large, two-story assembly area that is the central space in the building. From the assembly area, a two-story sanctuary is present on the east side, two smaller rooms on the north, and another room to the west. This latter room was last used as a night club and its fixtures are still present. The third floor is a mezzanine level that is open to the second floor on the west and north sides. A large amount of original oak woodwork is still present throughout the building, notably in the two stairwells and main staircase, the ceiling of the assembly area, doors and window trim and throughout the mezzanine level.

516 East Cesar E. Chavez. (1979). Non-Contributing. This building is set well back from Cesar E. Chavez Ave. along the rear (south) lot line. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, side gabled building that is clad in vertical metal panels and is shielded by a metal roof. It rests on a concrete slab. The facade is composed of three large bays occupied by metal overhead garage doors. County GIS records address this garage as 516 and reveal it was constructed in 1979. The records reveal it is associated with the same owner at the address next door at 518 East Cesar E. Chavez. Because this structure is less than fifty years old it is considered Non-contributing.

518 (526-520) East Cesar E. Chavez. Celentino Building (1928; 1936; 1946). Contributing. This building is located between two vacant lots and is listed on the Ingham County geographic information system website as 518 although the address on the street entrance is 516. It is a single-story, L-plan, flat-roofed building on a concrete foundation. The west portion is a gray- painted brick one-part commercial block. The visible west sidewall is concrete block. The storefront has a corner entry adjacent to two large fixed pane windows on a splayed brick sill. The facade, which lacks any ornamentation, terminates in a tile coped parapet. The west side elevation has a large fixed pane window on a splayed brick sill near the facade corner and a double-hung sash window in a partially infilled opening near the rear. The eastern portion of this building is a gray-painted enframed window wall structure. Its facade is clad in permastone and its east sidewall is concrete block. The facade fenestration in this section of the building creates two essentially identical storefronts, each composed of a steel entry door to the right of two large fixed pane windows all with transom windows and all set within wood plank trim. The side elevation has two functionally positioned small fixed pane windows in the front half of the building.

WEST CESAR E. CHAVEZ AVENUE, NORTH SIDE west from North Washington Ave.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 108 (102-108) W. Cesar E. Chavez. Franklin Avenue / North Presbyterian Church (1864; 1916). Edwyn A. Bowd, architect. NRHP-listed. This building is located at the northwest corner of the N. Washington Street intersection. It is a three-story, gabled, brown brick edifice with a five-story corner crenellated bell tower, which rises from a raised concrete foundation. The most prominent feature, the tower, has engaged brick buttresses at each corner, which extend up to a robust crenellated parapet. On its first story are three stained glass slit windows sharing a common splayed masonry sill. Above these, a recessed masonry panel whose margins are defined by stack bond brick and masonry corner blocks, extends up to the base of a tall louvered belfry. Centered in the panel on both the second and third stories is a single stained glass slit window with a splayed masonry lintel. The belfry has three vertical sections that terminate in lancet arch tracery beneath a broad segmental arch, formed by three courses of alternating rowlock and soldier bond brick on the Grand Ave. side, and three courses of soldier bond between course of rowlock brick on the Washington Ave. side. The tower is capped by broad merlons at the corners, between which are masonry capped crow steps.

The primary Cesar E. Chavez Ave. entrance is in a single-story, shed-roof section, and has two heavy wood doors beneath a ribbon of geometric quatrefoil cut-outs. It is placed within six sets of receding segmental arches of rowlock bond brick with central masonry keystones. Brackets on each side support the broad arched roof above and occur on either side of a slit window with a masonry lintel and sill. Above the shed roof is a tall segmental arch paired stained glass window, which is flanked on both sides by single stained-glass windows, all sharing a soldier bond brick lintel and common masonry sill. A large round window with geometric quatrefoil tracery that is outlined by gauged solder bond brick fills the broad gable above. All windows are centered in this gabled bay of the church, are placed between engaged brick piers that extend up to masonry shoulders at the base of robust eave brackets. A two-story, hipped-roof brick manse, which complements the church architecturally, is attached to the west elevation.

The Washington Avenue side has five bays formed by paired round arch stained glass windows and engaged brick piers that occur beneath two broad wall gables. The first three sections back from the corner have a double segmental arch window between single flat arch windows with soldier bond brick lintels, and employ the raised concrete basement as a sill. The fourth bay back, containing the second wall gable, has a double wood entry door beneath a segmental arch that is similar to the on described on Cesar E. Chavez Ave. Above these, square masonry diamond blocks are centered in each bay beneath a masonry course that extends between the masonry shoulders of the engaged piers. Above this, between the piers are tall paired stained glass windows set within round arch openings with gauged segmental arch brick lintels. Four of the piers extend up to robust brackets at the bases of the roof gables, while the fifth, at the rear corner, terminates in a masonry shoulder below the eave.

In the interior, from the Cesar E. Chavez Avenue entrance, steps lead from the narthex to the main body of the edifice. The interior is arranged as an auditorium on the Akron Plan, with semi- circular seating. A sloping floor leads to the pulpit in the auditorium’s northwest corner. Stained glass windows illuminate the east and west walls. The 1988 National Register nomination for

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State this building states that this church is perhaps most strongly influenced by the Prairie School and the Arts and Crafts style, an uncommon choice for early twentieth century church buildings.

112-114 West Cesar E. Chavez. Charles W. Richards House (1880). Contributing. This is a two-story, gabled ell red-painted frame dwelling that rests on a brick or block foundation. It is clad in vinyl siding on the facade and asbestos shingle on the west side elevation. The entrance is in a broad shed-roofed entry porch that occupies the ell below two second story double-hung sash windows. The gable front portion has an entry door at the right corner next to a picture window with transom, while the west side elevation has a series of double-hung sash windows that vary in size in both stories.

118 West Cesar E. Chavez. A. N. Lawrason House (1890). Contributing. This is a two-story, cross-gabled frame dwelling resting on an ashlar stone foundation that is clad in vinyl siding. It has a wrap-around porch that includes an entry door in a slightly projecting corner bay at the right corner, which is caped above the second story by a mansard roof. Beneath the porch to the left of the entrance is a picture window with a leaded glass transom and tow double-hung sash windows. All have milled wood lintels. The second story windows are all double-hung sash, except for a fixed pane window in the projecting corner bay. Double-hung sash windows are centered in both stories of the side elevation’s cross gable, and in functional positions elsewhere. Small fixed pane windows are within the gables of the facade and side elevations. A single-story, end-gabled section extends from the left corner of the rear elevation.

122 West Cesar E. Chavez. Albert P. Walker House (1916, 1930). Contributing. This house is east of a vacant lot at the northeast corner of the N. Capitol Avenue intersection. It is a two-story dwelling, constructed of dark yellow brick on a cut stone and concrete foundation and shielded by a pyramidal roof. The facade’s full-width hipped roof porch is supported on replacement posts, and shields a corner entry door that is flanked by a broad window with Craftsman lights. Above it, the second story has two double-hung sash windows, which are beneath a hipped roof dormer with paired single pane windows. The left (west) side elevation has a central entry door beneath a hipped roof porch supported on brick pillars. The other windows are functionally positioned and have plain masonry sills, as do all the others in this house. This house is a fine example of the Foursquare style.

WEST CESAR E. CHAVEZ AVENUE, SOUTH SIDE west from N. Washington Ave.

109 West Cesar E. Chavez. House (1885). Contributing. This is a frame T-plan house with a two-story, pyramid-roofed front section and a single-story, end-gabled section across the rear. The house is clad in vertical wood siding, shielded by a pyramidal roof, and rests on an ashlar stone foundation. It has a full-width shed-roof porch with a small cross gable above the entry steps, which is supported by replacement posts and balustrade. The facade’s first story has an entry door at the right corner, and to its left is picture window with transom. The facade’s second story has a central paired double-hung sash window. The west side has a brick wall chimney and two functionally positioned awning windows and a double- hung sash window, while the left side has a second story window towards the rear. An end-

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State gabled single-story rear section contains another entry door in the ell where it extends past the corner of the main house. The house received a second address of 109½ when it apparently became a duplex in 1938.

115 West Cesar E. Chavez. House (Pre-1897). Contributing. This is a two-story, frame cross-gabled dwelling resting on a coursed ashlar stone foundation that is clad in vinyl siding. It has a shed-roof porch in the ell, which has turned columns and fretwork and a cut-out pattern apron, and extends to a gabled section above the entry steps. The front gabled section has paired double-hung sash in the first story and a picture window in the second, as does the left (east) cross gabled section. The opposite cross gable has a single double-hung sash in the first story with paired double-hung sash stacked above in the second. A single-story end-gabled section is at the rear of the house.

119 West Cesar E. Chavez. Kimmich House (1885). Contributing. This is a two-story, frame, gabled ell dwelling resting on a rock-faced block foundation that is clad in vinyl siding. It has a hipped roof porch in the ell with a small cross gable above the porch entrance. The porch is supported on turned columns and has a cut-out apron. The front-gabled section has picture windows with transoms centered in both stories. The first story of the ell has two pediment lintel entry doors, one into the side of the gable front section and another next to it in the corner of the ell, the latter adjacent to a picture window with transom that also has a pediment lintel. Another double-hung sash window with pediment lintel is placed near the facade corner. The ell’s second story has two large double-hung sash windows above the porch roof. The east side elevation gable has a pediment lintel double-hung sash centered in the second story, stacked above paired double-hung sash in the first. A single-story shed-roof section extends the rear elevation.

125 West Cesar E. Chavez. Orville and Sarah Marshall / Hiram W. Rikerd House (1870). Orville Marshall, builder. Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, house with a shallow-pitched pyramidal roof and a 1½ story rear section with an end-gabled roof. It rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation and is clad in vinyl siding. The entry is enclosed within a projecting flat roof single-story sun porch that is off-set from the left (northeast) corner of the house. Although now enclosed, the Tuscan columns supporting a wide frieze are still visible. The symmetrical three bay facade of the main house is composed of double-hung sash windows with plain wood surrounds. The sun porch has a steel glass door at the right corner, and large multi-light fixed pane windows extend from it and wrap around to the left side elevation. The side elevations have double-hung sash windows, and the right (west) side has a central brick wall chimney as well as a shed-roof porch with turned columns tucked into the ell of the main house and the rear section. This dwelling appears to be influenced by the Italianate architectural style and is one of the earlier buildings in the historic district.

127 West Cesar E. Chavez. Pulver Brothers Filling Station (1923). NRHP-listed. This building occupies the southeast corner of the N. Capitol Ave. intersection and is set at a forty-five-degree angle to the corner to ease access from either street. This single-story brown

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State brick structure rests on a concrete slab foundation and has a hipped clay tile roof that extends from an enclosed brown brick office section across an open canopy, which is supported on substantial brick piers. Engaged brick piers at the corners of the office are of a similar scale. The office facade has a wood entry door centered between two large windows with multi-light transoms, the left one fixed pane, the right one converted to a sliding window (to serve the current ice cream shop occupant’s customers). The upper portion of the facade wall holding the windows is stuccoed and the lower portion is brick, with a splayed course at the junction also serving as the sills for the windows. The east side wall is brick and holds a large fixed pane and transom window with splayed brick sill, while the opposite side is similar to the facade, the upper portion stuccoed, holding a small fixed pane and transom window to the left of a wood entry door.

CLINTON STREET, SOUTH SIDE east from Center St.

306 Clinton. (1911). Contributing. This building is located along the west side of a railroad siding. It is a two-story, rectangular- plan, flat-roofed brick building that has a course ashlar stone foundation. The street level facade has an overhead garage door with a wide steel I-beam lintel at the west corner. To its left is an entry door with transom and an adjacent smaller entry door, both with segmental arch triple rowlock bond lintels. A double-hung sash window, with the same type of lintel and a plain masonry sill, is to their left at the building corner. The second story has three symmetrically placed double-hung sash windows with segmental lintels of double rowlock bond brick and plain masonry sills. The facade terminates in three courses of corbelled brick beneath three recessed brick panels that extend up to the roofline. The left side (east) elevation has three double-hung sash windows in the first story and four in the second, all with double rowlock bond elliptical arch lintels, and there is also a concrete block wall chimney near the corner with the facade. A shed-roof two-story, frame porch extends from the rear elevation. The facade’s smaller entry door appears to post-date the larger one next to it, but was constructed to blend with the other fenestration.

FACTORY STREET. south from East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. No buildings.

THE GRAND RIVER

Grand River, southwest off the west end of East Maple Street. North Lansing Dam, Powerhouse, and Wellhouses (1935-1936). Lansing Board of Water & Light, designer, Reninger Co. Contributing. This concrete structure extends between the banks of the Grand River on a west-southwest to east-northeast bearing west of the Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge. The west end extends from W. Burchard Park, and the east end and powerhouse are in Turner Park The dam structure is approximately two hundred feet long and has a four-foot moveable crest that permits regulation of the height of the Grand River (Hyde 1976: 116). The powerhouse at the east end of the dam is constructed of ashlar limestone. It has a date stone at the base of the east wall near the

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State corner with the south wall: “1935.” Two wellhouses of the same type of construction and vintage and the same ashlar limestone construction with vertical and angular emphasis are located well east and west of the river, in northeast corner of E. Burchard Park and in the southwest corner of W. Burchard Park. They are square in plan, have vertical glass block windows and steel doors with “High Voltage” warning signs. The angular lines and strong verticality of these structures indicate that they are strongly influenced by the Art Deco style.

The dam consists of a gated section, 233-feet 4-inches long, containing four drum gates, each 54- feet 4-inches long by 4-feet high when fully raised. Gate #1 can be operated independently of the other gates. Gates #2, #3, and #4 are on a common control system and all are operated together. A drum gate control chamber 11-feet- 6-inches wide is just east of the gated section. A powerhouse 22-feet wide is just east of the gate control chamber. The overall dam length is approximately 267-feet 10 inches. Both river banks are lined with vertical concrete retaining walls that run on the right bank from about sixty-six feet upstream of the center of the powerhouse to about 217-feet downstream of the center of the powerhouse and on the left bank from about 38-feet upstream of the center of the dam to about 213-feet downstream of the center of the dam. The dam is supported on three lines of steel sheet piling that extend from the bottom through about five to ten feet of sand and clay soil to the sandstone base rock. The retaining walls are also supported on steel sheet piles that extend to bedrock. The headwater is maintained at about elevation 817.5 feet, and tailwater is normally about elevation 809 feet to 810 feet. Top elevation of the retaining walls is 828 feet above the dam and 825 feet below the dam. The pond created by the dam has a surface area of about one hundred acres and a pondage of about five hundred acre-feet. The dam has a pivot at its crest, which allows four feet of control.

Sanborn maps after the 1926 edition illustrate the dam, concrete retaining walls, and Powerhouse and two pumphouses. The Powerhouse is described as sixteen feet tall, built with a concrete floor and roof, exposed steel in roof, which housed a “water turbine (city)” in its center. The two similar wellhouse structures of the “Board of Water and Electric Light Commissioners” are both indicated on Sanborn maps after the 1926 edition, described as single-story tall structures with sixteen--foot walls built of stone, that was concrete brick-lined and concrete reinforced. A photograph of one of these buildings or one nearly identical to them in a BWL publication describes the structure as housing a “deep well turbine pump.”

Grand River, southwest off the west end of East Maple Street, East Burchard Park. Brenke Fish Ladder and Sculpture (1981). O’Boyle, Cowell, Rohrer and Associates (structure), designer (Kalamazoo, Michigan); Joseph E. Kinnebrew IV (sculpture), artist (Clinton, Washington); Brown Brothers Construction Co., contractor. Contributing Under Criterion G. The Brenke fish ladder is located in East Burchard Park along the east bank of the Grand River, wrapping around the North Lansing dam powerhouse. The fish ladder connects to the river through openings in the retaining walls just above and below the powerhouse. Inverts of the openings are at elevation 803 feet downstream and 812 feet upstream. The fish ladder is not part of the dam and is not structurally connected to it. Built of concrete, it extends from the Grand River at the north side of the power house and circles around its west and south sides. It is

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State composed of seven inclined curving linear steps that create small pools, each slightly elevated from the one next to it on the upriver side, creating a sheet of water flowing down the spiral to allow fish to reach the elevation necessary to rise above the dam structure, as they proceed upstream). The center of the ladder, adjacent to the powerhouse is occupied by and is the setting for a bowl-shaped sculpture that is part of the structure, has a ground-level circular walkway over the water and semi-circular steps that allow people to watch the fish moving along the fish ladder.

NORTH LARCH STREET, WEST SIDE, north from East Cesar E. Chavez Ave.

1201 North Larch. Hickok Oil Co. Hi-Speed Gas Station Building (1934-1935; 1970s). See entry for 539 East Cesar E. Chavez.

NORTH LARCH STREET, EAST SIDE, north from East Cesar E. Chavez Ave.

1200 North Larch. Papa Geo’s Pizza Building (1970; 1997). Non-Contributing. The building occupies the northeast corner of the East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue intersection, and is set back at the corner of its parcel, with a paved parking lot extending to both Larch and Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed brown-painted concrete block building whose southeast corner is now attached to the northwest corner of the building at 611 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. Because this building is less than 50 years old, it is considered a Non-Contributing section of the building at 611 East Cesar E. Chavez.

RACE STREET – See entry for 212 East Cesar E. Chavez Ave.

TURNER STREET, WEST SIDE north from East Cesar E. Chavez Ave.

1207 Turner. Seyfried Building (Pre-1885). NRHP-listed. This building is located along the north side of a parking lot at the northwest corner of the East Cesar E. Chavez Ave. intersection. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, red-brick, two-part commercial block with a flat parapeted roof. The street level slants inward to an off-center entry containing a steel entry door and an adjacent corner door to the second floor. Next to the entrance are large display windows resting on narrow wood paneled bulkheads. A fluted cast iron column with a Corinthian capital is located between the display windows where they slant inward to the door. The storefront cornice is a course of dressed limestone blocks that are anchored at the building corners by pressed metal brackets, and form a continuous sill beneath the three elliptical arched double-hung sash windows in the second story. Each has a lintel formed of a double course of rowlock bond brick. Above the second story, a brick corbel table supports a pressed metal cornice with consoles and pendants. Robust brackets anchor the ends of the cornice and extend above the roof line. A single elliptical arch window is placed off center in the south side wall’s second story. This building is an example of the Italianate Commercial style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District, and the nomination provided an 1895 date of construction.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1209 Turner. (Pre-1885). NRHP-listed. This building is located along the south side of an alley. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, red- brick, two-part commercial block with a coursed ashlar stone foundation and a flat parapeted roof. The street level has two recessed corner entries, the right one a wood frame glass door into the storefront and the left one a metal door to the second story. These doors separated by two large display windows resting on a narrow-paneled bulkhead. Above these is a bracketed metal storefront cornice that supports a limestone block string course that serves as a continuous lintel for the second story windows. Engaged brick piers at the building corners extend up to through the second story. The second story is divided internally by engaged brick piers, with two square head windows in the central bay and single identical windows in the corner bays. Each window has an elaborate masonry lintel with a central quatrefoil flanked by vinette motifs. Above the second story a brick corbel table supports a pressed metal cornice with consoles. Robust brackets anchor the ends of the cornice and extend above the roof line. The north side wall has a single elliptical arch window with stone sill in the first story and three similar windows in the second story. This building is an example of the Italianate Commercial style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District, and the nomination provided an 1895 date of construction.

1213-1215 Turner. Union Block (1877-1878; 1930; 2000s?). NRHP-listed. This building is located on the north side of an alley. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, pinkish- red-brick two-part commercial block that rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation and has a flat parapeted roof. The street level has two storefronts with slant sided entrances containing wood framed glass doors that are centered between large display windows resting on narrow wood paneled bulkheads. A metal door centered between the storefronts with a large transom leads to the second floor. The storefronts’ projecting pressed metal storefront cornice is supported by a series of small modillions. Engaged brick piers at the building corners extend up to through the second story. The symmetrical fenestration of the second story is composed of seven segmental arched windows with dressed limestone sills and projecting lintels of a double course of rowlock bond brick with limestone keystones. The upper facade has a keystone pattern corbel table beneath a parapeted cornice with consoles separated by modillions. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

1217-1219 Turner. (1877-1878). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, pinkish-red-brick two-part commercial block that rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation and has a flat parapeted roof. The street level has two storefronts with slant sided entrances containing wood framed glass doors that are centered between large display windows resting on narrow wood paneled bulkheads. A wood frame door with a large transom centered between the storefronts is between engaged brick piers with Corinthian capitals. Each slanted side of the two storefronts has a fluted cast iron column, 1217 with simple capitals and 1219 with Corinthian capitals. Both support a cast iron frieze with scrollwork motifs that arch above the display windows. Above these is a projecting storefront cornice supported by a series of consoles and modillions. Engaged brick piers at the building corners extend up to through the second story. The symmetrical fenestration of the second story is composed of seven segmental arched windows with dressed limestone sills and projecting

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State lintels of a double course of rowlock bond brick with limestone keystones. The upper facade has a brick corbel table beneath a parapeted cornice with consoles separated by modillions. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

1221 Turner. (1877-1878). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, pinkish-beige brick two-part commercial block that rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation and has a flat parapeted roof. The street level has a slant sided entrance with a wood frame glass door centered between large four-light display windows resting on narrow wood paneled bulkheads. The facade’s right corner has a wood door with a large transom that leads to the second floor. The slanted sides of the storefront have fluted cast iron columns with simple capitals. These support a plain cast iron frieze that arches above the display windows. Above these is a projecting storefront cornice supported by a series of consoles and modillions. Engaged brick piers at the building corners extend up to through the second story. The symmetrical fenestration of the second story is composed of four segmental arched windows with dressed limestone sills and projecting lintels of a double course of rowlock bond brick with limestone keystones. The upper facade has a brick corbel table but lacks a cornice. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

1223-1227 Turner. Bishop Furniture Company Warehouse (circa 1938; 2000s?). NRHP- listed. This building is located south of a large parking lot. It is a three-story, rectangular-plan, brick building with a gray-painted facade and reddish-pink sidewalls, which has a flat roof. A poured concrete water table anchors the facade and from it four engaged brick piers extend upward to masonry caps above the parapeted roofline. Narrower engaged piers are placed between the buildings windows, and have small masonry caps above the third story. The fenestration of the three broad bays between the piers consists of three large fixed pane windows with transoms on the ground floor and three large double-hung sash windows in the second and third stories. The second story windows rest on a continuous masonry sill, while those in the third have individual masonry sills. All windows have soldier bond brick lintels. The ornamentation of the minimally embellished facade is confined to a projecting center section of each of the building’s piers that terminate with a slanting masonry cap. The northernmost section of the building is a recent addition that now has an open arch leading to an entrance on the north side of the building which is in a stepped two to three-story section. The four bays back from the facade corner have double-hung sash retain their original elliptical arch openings with triple course rowlock brick bond lintels and masonry sills. The west river side of the building has been extended with tiered open decks that step up from the first to third stories. This building is a fine example of the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

TURNER STREET, EAST SIDE north from East Cesar E. Chavez Ave.

1208-1212 Turner. Hamilton Block (1905). Darius Moon, architect. Henry Schwalm, contractor. NRHP-listed.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State This building is located along the north side of an alley that provides access to the rear of the buildings located along the 300 block of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, reddish-beige brick two-part commercial block with a flat roof that slopes to the rear. The symmetrical facade is divided into five bays by engaged brick piers. The central bay contains a triple display window with transom that rests on a narrow wood paneled bulkhead. On either side of it are slant sided entrance bays, the southern entry composed of two wood frame glass doors, and the northern entry a single wood frame glass door. The doors to the second story are accessed by recessed, open stairs centered in bays two and four. Extending to the facade corners from these storefronts are three large display windows on wood panel bulkheads that are nearly identical to the central bay, although slightly narrower. A wood paneled section is placed above all fenestration at the level of the storefront cornice. The second story has two double-hung sash windows in the wider center and end bays and a single double- hung sash window above each entrance. All windows have masonry sills and gauged brick jack arches. At the level of the lintels the building’s engaged piers corbel outward four courses, then extend to the roof parapet. Beneath the parapet the brick wall planes between the piers have four corbelled courses. The south side elevation is painted in murals, steps down to the rear and in the second story has six double-hung sash windows with triple course rowlock bond lintels and masonry sills. The restraint in ornamentation defines this as a good example of the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District. (A salvage yard behind these buildings, no longer present, was non- contributing.)

1214 Turner St. (Between 1948 and 1950; post-1953). Non-Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, brick two-part commercial block. The blonde brick veneer first story has a slant sided corner entrance with a wood frame glass entry door. To its left is a set of French doors centered between tall fixed pane windows, all set in vinyl panels. A course of soldier bond brick extends across the facade above the windows and entrance. The reddish beige brick veneer second story, of more recent vintage than the first, extends upward from a second course of soldier bond brick to the roof parapet, and is pierced by three double- hung sash windows. In 1976 this building was evaluated as an intrusion, or non-contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

1216-1218 Turner St., Dunham Hardware Co. Building (Between 1895 and 1898). Darius B. Moon, architect(?). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, red-brick, two-part commercial block that has a flat roof. The 1976 nomination describes this building as “the finest specimen in the block,” “a Romanesque Revival design combined with a double gabled parapet facade . . . The heavy stone Romanesque arches over the center windows and the radiating arches with a keystone under the corner gables highlight this building” (Section 7 p. 4). The street level has a slant-sided entrance containing three wood frame glass doors. The central door to the second story is centered between the other two in the slant-sides, which enter the two first story storefronts. The entrance is centered between ribbons of four tall vertical display windows with transoms that rest on wood paneled bulkheads. A string course of rock-faced limestone block extends across the facade and forms a continuous sill for the second story windows. The central paired round arch windows in

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State the second story have rock-faced limestone surrounds with tabbing and voussoir lintels, and are separated by triple dressed limestone columns. On either side of it are triple windows with elliptical arch gauged brick lintels that have rock-faced limestone keystones that extend upward to the cornice. The upper facade has corbelled brick arcading beneath each gable parapet between which is a central panel of corbelled brick basketweave patterned brick work. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

1220 Turner St. Central Michigan Tool Supply Building (circa 1947). Contributing. This is a single-story, L-plan, concrete-block, one-part commercial block with a yellow-painted brick facade, which has a flat roof. The recessed left corner entrance has a steel entry door with a transom and glass block sidelights. To its right, fenestration alternates between two sets of French doors and vertical ribbons of three fixed pane windows set in wood frame surrounds. From the sidewalk to the top of the fenestration alternate courses in the brick wall are corbelled, including beneath the windows. The upper facade is composed of standard bond brick. A corbelled brick string course supported by brick dentils beneath the building parapet is the only decorative element. The north side elevation has three small fixed pane windows and an entry door near the rear corner. In 1976 this building, addressed at that time as 1220-1222, was evaluated as non-contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

1224-1226 Turner St. (1911). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed building constructed of vermiculate-faced concrete block rests on a concrete foundation. The main building facade has a set of French doors between vertical ribbons of three fixed-pane windows, which is centered between two steel entry doors. A sealed entry void is to the right of the left side door and a sealed window void is to the right of the right one. Tent awnings are above the doors and central windows. There is another entrance in a single-story concrete block ell on the south side of the building, which is accessed through a small courtyard with a decorative gate at the street, and appears to be the primary entry to the building. The second story has three widely spaced double-hung sash windows with masonry sills and plain wood lintels. The north side elevation has two double- hung sash windows in the second story, but the south side lacks fenestration. A single-story section extends the rear elevation. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

1232 Turner St. (1955; 2000s). Contributing The front portion of this building is a single-story flat-roofed brown-painted brick section with a cant corner. Near the left corner is a steel entry door and an adjacent display window on a paneled bulkhead, both of which are beneath a pent metal awning. To the right, three fixed pane windows with a continuous soldier bond brick header wrap around from the cant corner to the right-side elevation. Set back on its southeast corner is a one-and-a-half story, square-plan, green-painted brick section, which contains another entrance, and to its right, a fixed pane window, both beneath a pent metal awning. The sidewall of this section is rock-faced block. A later shed-roofed second story of broken rangework stone veneer with metal panel-clad sidewalls was constructed on top of the one-and-a-half story brick section and extends across the rear of the cant corner section, whose flat roof now functions as a deck or patio for the new section. In

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1976 this building was evaluated as an intrusion, or non-contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District. Despite the large second story addition, it is set back from the facade, and because the original structure is over fifty years old and its original form and fabric are still evident, and is one of only two filling stations in the district from its period of significance, it is considered contributing.

1236-1238 Turner, KRIT Auto Sales Co. Building (1913). NRHP-listed. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, light-red-brick two-part commercial block with concrete block sidewalls that rests on a concrete foundation. The symmetrical facade is composed of two storefronts separated by a narrow bay containing a wood panel entry door with transom that leads to the second floor. Engaged brick piers are placed at the building corners and on either side of the center bay. The street level of the south storefront has a left corner entrance with a wood frame glass entry door with transom. To its right is a triple window of tall fixed panes with transoms, which has a masonry sill that rests on a course of alternating corbelled brick headers. The north storefront has a right corner entry door with transom. To its left is a large display window with fixed pane transom and sidelights and a splayed brick sill. This brick bulkhead postdates the original brick and is aligned with a curb cut on Turner Street (of note due to the building’s original use for automobile sales and service). The second story is symmetrical, with a single double-hung sash window in the center bay and two double-hung sash windows above each storefront, all with masonry sills and soldier bond dark red brick lintels. Panels of backetweave bond contrasting color brick are in the upper facade of all three bays, extending across the tops of the windows. The facade terminates in six courses of corbelled brick beneath the coped parapet. The north side elevation is concrete block and has four evenly spaced double- hung sash windows in the second story and an entrance at the rear corner accessed by an external wood frame stairway. The south side elevation’s upper section is recent concrete block. This building’s restrained ornamentation associates it with the Commercial Brick style. This building is not discussed in detail in the 1976 nomination, nor is it mentioned or identified as an “intrusion.” Therefore 1236-1238 Turner St. is considered as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District, and remains a contributing resource today.

1250 Turner. Grange Building (Between 1878 and 1880). NRHP-listed. This building is located at the southeast corner of the Clinton Street intersection. It is a three- story, rectangular-plan, light-red-brick, two-part commercial block that has a flat roof and rests on a stone foundation. Its facade has been painted dark beige and its sidewalls light gray. The street level is clad in T-111 and lap wood siding and has a recessed entry door at its left corner. Engaged brick corner piers rise up pasts the third story to arches that are linked by a brick corbel table across the upper facade. Above this are three recessed horizontal brick panels, the center one having a masonry tablet that appears to lack any letters or date. The building parapet has two brick string courses as embellishment. The fenestration of the second and third stories is composed of three openings now infilled with wood panels in each story. The windows have double rowlock bond segmental arch lintels with floral incised masonry corner blocks and a masonry keystone. The third story windows have plain masonry sills, while those in the second story rest on a recent vintage metal strip. These and the three windows above them in the third story have been sealed with wood panels. It appears likely the masonry used in the windows is

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State dressed limestone. The side elevations share the architectural details of the facade, including the elaborate upper facade, although having four recessed brick panels rather than three, and the masonry window components. Unlike the symmetry of the facade, their fenestration is purely functional in orientation. This is a good example of the Italianate Commercial style. In 1976 this building, identified as the Grange Building, was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

N. WASHINGTON AVENUE, WEST SIDE, north from Oakland St.

901 North Washington. Edward F. Peer House (1901). Contributing. This building occupies a lot at the northeast corner of the intersection of Washington and Oakland streets. It is a square-plan, two-story, cross-gabled-roof, frame dwelling that is clad in clapboard and rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation. The entry porch wraps around to the north side elevation and is supported on Tuscan columns linked by a plain balustrade. Beneath the porch is an off-center entry door that has leaded glass sidelights and transom, and a small triple window, while a small leaded glass window is in the north side ell at the end of the porch. Above the porch the second story has two large double-hung sash windows and a small porch in the north ell. Above the second story is a Palladian window centered in the gable between oversized returns. The southeast corner of the house is extended by a small round-plan bay that has an uncoursed rough-faced stone water table beneath a continuous masonry sill on which rest five double-hung sash windows. Above these, the second story has a cant corner beneath the gable that holds a small porch embellished with Tuscan columns. The side elevations have functionally positioned fenestration consisting of a box bay on each side and various sized double-hung sash windows. This house is an eclectic mix of the late Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles. A recent real estate listing for this property provides interior details: Over three- thousand finished square feet in the three-story building. It is rich in original detailing including light fixtures, hardware and extensive oak paneling. The current owner has a lobby area, two first floor offices and large storage room and half-bath on the main floor. The second floor has two large offices, a conference room, a half-bath, and a break room. Tenants occupied the seven- hundred-square-foot third story (Real Estate One 2018).

909 North Washington. Charles H. and Elizabeth Bates House (1873). Contributing. This is a two-story, cross-gabled, gray-painted brick house that has a coursed ashlar stone foundation. The entry is in the base of a three-story, square-plan tower that is set back within the facade’s right ell and terminates in a steeply pitched hipped or broach roof. The facade’s gable- front section has a picture window centered in the first story that has a plain dressed stone lintel and sill. Above this are two double-hung sash windows with plain stone lintels and elaborate stone drip mold hoods that are embellished with a fishscale motif. In the gable above, a lancet- arch window also has a plain stone sill and elaborate lintel. In addition to the door, the first story of the tower section has a fixed pane window and a small oculus window on the side, while a single double-hung sash window with dressed stone sill and carved stone window hood with floral and horizontal line motifs is placed in the facade and side of the third story. The gabled south side of the house has a full bay window in the first story and two double-hung sash repeating the sills and lintels of the tower, which are identical to the double-hung sash in the first

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State and second stories of the gabled section of the north elevation. The south side of the single storied end-gabled rear section repeats the embellished window treatments in its two double- hung sash windows, while the north side has functionally spaced windows with plain stone lintels and sills. In form and window elaboration, this house appears to be influenced by the Gothic Revival and Italianate styles.

915 North Washington. James H. and Josephine Wellings House (1880; 1903). Darius Moon, architect (remodel). Contributing. This is a two-story, cross-gabled-and-hipped-roof, red-brick house that has a coursed ashlar stone foundation. The facade combines a front-gabled section, a hipped roof central part, and a cross- gabled section merging to the north side elevation. The entry is beneath the pedimented gable of a wrap-around porch that becomes hipped as it extends to the north side ell. The porch is supported by Ionic columns supporting a wide frieze and modillioned cornice. The porch pediment’s interior is filled with an elaborate peacock or sunburst motif. The double-hung sash windows above the porch and in the front-gabled two-story section all have plain stone lintels and elaborate elliptical arch stone hood molds with carved floral motifs. These are repeated in all the windows on the side elevations, where the piercing pattern is a single double-hung sash window in the short side of the gabled sections and two double-hung sash windows in the second story. The south side elevation has a full box bay window in the gables section of the first story, which has corner pilasters supporting a wide frieze with cutout motifs. This house appears influenced by both the Italianate and Colonial Revival styles.

921 North Washington. Hiram C. and Ella A. Hedges House (1894-1895; 1966). Contributing. This is a two-story, frame-hipped-roof house that is clad in vinyl siding and rests on an uncoursed stone foundation. The original stone front porch has been enclosed and extended by a hipped roof single-story brick section with a broad metal awning. Its left side has an aluminum frame glass entry door, and large fixed pane windows wrap around to the facade. Above this are small rectangular paired and single fixed pane replacement windows, and a large sliding window is centered in the closed gable above them. The north side elevation has identical fenestration on the first and second stories. From front to back, these are singled and paired double-hung sash windows and a fixed-pane window to the rear. A two-story slant-roof section at the corner encloses a stairway to the second floor. The south side has functionally positioned double-hung sash windows and an open stair to the second story, behind which is a single-story end-gabled section that extends the rear elevation. Closed cross gables with centered windows are above the second story in both side elevations. Although unsympathetic to the original architecture of this house, the juxtaposition of the 1966 office addition across the facade physically demonstrates the important trend of the transition of the N. Washington Ave. blocks from residential to commercial use beginning in the late 1950s. As such, the addition, completed over fifty years ago, attains significance in its own right and this building is therefore considered contributing.

935 North Washington. Michigan Education Association Building (1928). Warren Holmes- Powers Co. architect; J. W. O’Connor (Kalamazoo, Michigan), contractor. Contributing.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State This building is located at the southwest corner of the W. Kilborn Street intersection. It is a three-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed red-brick building that rests on a concrete foundation and has a dressed limestone block water table. The facade and side elevations have symmetrical fenestration. The paired entry doors with a leaded glass transom are reached by ascending dressed limestone steps, and occur within a projecting portico with dressed limestone Doric columns that support a broad entablature. Above this, a balconette fronts on a large triple window with dressed limestone pilasters that rise to a classical entablature capped by a massive limestone broken pediment. On either side of the first story portico are round arch windows with fanlights that have plain limestone sills and gauged brick lintels with limestone keystones. Each window occurs above a rectangular limestone panel containing a swag and urn motif. Diagonally above and centered between the two first story windows is a round carved limestone plaque containing the Michigan state seal. The double-hung sash windows on the second and third stories are identical in treatment, flat-topped gauged brick lintels with keystones and plain masonry sills, two on either side of the balconette and six in the third story. Above these, is a dressed limestone block belt course extending to the side elevations, which supports a horizontal band of alternating sections composed of three stack bond and three soldier bond bricks. Above this is another narrow limestone belt course that supports a limestone panel containing a shield with “M” flanked by two urns in a sunburst pattern. Lateral to this on each side are smaller vertical panels with a crown-shield-leaf motif. The seven bays of the side elevations have round arch windows that are identical to those of the facade in the first story, and flat-top windows identical to those of the facade in the second and third stories. However, the fifth bay back from the facade on the north side first story has an entry door with a masonry porch hood, above which is a round arch window at the half story level. The studied symmetry and decorative motifs indicate this building is most strongly influenced by the Neo-Georgian style.

1003 North Washington. Brown-Price House (Between 1890 and 1895). Darius Moon, architect. NRHP-listed. This house is located at the northwest corner of the W. Kilborn Street intersection. It is a two- story, red-brick cross-gabled house that rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation and has dark brown stone details. The facade’s prominent front-gabled section is placed between a flat-roofed sun porch in the southern ell and an extended linear porch resembling a porte cochere in the northern one. The gabled section has a slightly projecting sub-gabled portion that has rock-face stone corner quoins, and oversized gauged rock-face stone lintels are employed across the gabled section in the two large picture windows in the first story, and in another picture window in the second story, as well as in a large round arch window to its right. Imbricated wood shingles occupy the gable above. A three-story square-plan hipped roof tower rises from the ell where the front-gabled portion meets the cross gabled one towards the south side. A balustraded deck occupies the top of the single-story sun porch located in the ell. In the ell at the rear of the tower. an extension of the side gabled roof covers a second story porch with turned posts. In the tower, the third story window is set within a prismatic block surround and has a large masonry balconette, set beneath a fanlight motif in the gable and under a bracketed eave that extends around to the sides. The side elevations have rock-faced block lintels identical to those of the facade, although the south side gabled section has a broad dressed limestone lintel with a central fanlight. A tall brick chimney breaks the roof ridge near the center of the house. This is an

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State eclectic mix of many influences, and a 1983 National Register nomination stated this house is one of Lansing’s best surviving examples of the Queen Anne style (Christensen 1983).

1011 North Washington. Michigan Congress of Parents & Teachers Associations Building (1959-1960). Manson, Jackson, Wilson & Kane, architect; Haussman Construction Co. Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed commercial building that rests on a concrete foundation. Its facade is clad in tile, with masonry panels at the corner entrance, and the side elevations are beige brick veneer. The left corner entrance has an aluminum frame glass door with large fixed pane sidelights and transom beneath a projecting two-story canopy supported by square masonry panel-clad pillars. Narrow masonry panels extend the full two stories on either side of the entry. To the right, the facade has ribbons of aluminum framed windows with lower awning windows in the raised basement and second story, which are separated by a spandrel clad in small polychrome mosaic tile. Tile is also used in the wide band that extends around the building just below the roofline. The front portion of the south side elevation back from the corner entrance is clad in broad masonry panels. The central portion of the side elevation has triple windows separated by a tile spandrel on both stories that are identical to those of the facade, but the wall cladding is brick. To the rear, narrow bands of ribbon windows are placed at ground level and beneath the tile band at the roofline. This is the best example of International style architecture in the historic district.

1017 North Washington. Fred N. and Edith E. Rounsville House. (1898). Contributing. This is a two-and-one-half story, side-gabled frame dwelling with a prominent front-facing gabled section, which is clad in clapboard and rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation. The facade has a full-width engaged entry porch with a short pent roof supported on Tuscan wood columns with tall plinths linked by simple balusters. This porch extends to the right side to merge with a porte cochere supported on paired columns identical to the porch, and is further linked by a modillioned eave that extends across the entire facade. Within the porch is an entry door centered between two large bowed windows to the left and a small triple window supported by small brackets to the right. Centered in the front gabled wall above, in the second story is a large double-hung sash window, and the gable above has a flared base and a central round-arch paired window. A broad brick chimney breaks the roof line near the center of the house. The side elevations have double-hung sash windows in the second story and round arch windows in the gable above them, and a bay window is in the first story of the north side elevation. A large frame gambrel roofed carriage barn clad in clapboard is to the west of the house. This eclectic house appears to be influenced by both the Tudor Revival and Colonial Revival styles.

1025 North Washington. Smith-Peck-Nice House (1848-1849; 1898; 1907). Moon & Spice, architect (1907 remodel). Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, frame house with a hipped roof, which is clad in vinyl siding and rests on a coursed ashlar stone foundation. The facade is dominated by its projecting full height entry porch supported on classical fluted columns that support a wide frieze and classically inspired modillioned entablature. A third story gabled bay above this has broad returns and an identical cornice. Within the porch the first story has a double entry door with

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State sidelights and leaded glass transom and the second story has two doors with transoms, which open on to a deck. To either side of the porch in both stories are large windows, the upper story retaining its multi-light upper transom. On either side of the third story porch the roof has eyebrow dormers. The side elevations have identical fenestration, consisting of a double-hung sash window in each story near the facade, a hipped roof box bay in the first story rear beneath paired double-hung sash windows in the second story of the main body of the house, and a cross gabled rear section with double-hung sash in each story. The full-height porch and columns and symmetry define this as a fine example of the Neoclassical style.

1031 North Washington. Myles F. Gray / William F. and Saidee M. Rouse House (1860?). Contributing. This is a two-story, gabled ell, frame house that is clad in vinyl siding and whose visible foundation is concrete or concrete veneer. The facade’s ell has a two-story enclosed shed-roofed porch supported by four pillars that terminate in a dentilled cornice. The gable-front portion has a picture window centered in the first story and a paired double-hung sash window centered in the second. A wide paneled frieze is above these. It appears the corner of the house originally had fluted pilasters, which are visible above the top of the vinyl siding. The south side elevation has functionally positioned double-hung sash windows and a bay window towards the rear of the first story, while the gabled north side has a double-hung sash window centered in each story. Prior to application of vinyl siding that covers details, it appears that this house with its two-story porch and classical details was influenced by the Neoclassical style.

1035 North Washington. (1899; 1960s?). Contributing. This house occupies the southwest corner of the Maple Street intersection. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, cross gabled house that is clad in aluminum siding and rests on an ashlar stone foundation. The facade has a wrap-around shed-roofed porch supported on paneled pillars linked by turned balusters. Steps rise to its cant-corner entry, facing the intersection. The entry door with sidelights is placed at the left porch corner next to a projecting enclosed section with ribbon windows. To the right is a picture window, and the northeast corner of the house beneath the porch is canted and has a double-hung sash window. Above the porch, the gable-front section has two double-hung sash windows, and above these are small paired fixed pane windows within the gable. The roof ridge near the house center is broken by a tall brick chimney. The side elevations have functional fenestration composed of double-hung sash windows. A 1½ story end-gabled section extends across the rear of the house.

1101-1103 North Washington. Samuel Grilley / Benjamin F. Moore House (1880; 1970s?). Contributing. This house is located at the northwest corner of the West Maple Street intersection. It is a two- story, square-plan frame house with a pyramidal roof that is clad in vinyl siding and has a random rubble stone foundation. The facade has a hipped roof porch on turned columns and balusters that shields a vintage wood entry door, which is centered between two double-hung sash windows. The second story has four symmetrically placed double-hung sash windows that are placed beneath a wide paneled frieze with large paired scroll brackets. The side elevations

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State have two double-hung sash windows in each story, the second stacked over the first. The form and details of this house define it as an Italianate cube style.

1107 North Washington. (1889; 1990s?). Contributing. This house is on the south side of a small parking lot. It is a single-story cross-gabled frame house that is clad in vinyl siding and rests on a brick veneer foundation. The renovated facade has a full-width shed-roofed porch above a right corner entry in the ell formed beneath the intersecting gables. A recent vintage bay window is centered in the first story of the gable-front section. Above the porch in the gable are coupled double-hung sash windows sharing a wood lintel with a center pediment embellished with a diamond motif. The side elevations have functionally placed fenestration, and the east side has a shed-roof wall dormer. A one-and-a-half story flat roof concrete block section extends from the rear elevation, which has an overhead door towards the rear.

1113-1115 North Washington. Heeb Building (1921; 1946). Edward L. Heeb, contractor. Contributing. This building is located between a parking lot on the south and a vacant lot on the north. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, building with a flat roof that is constructed of concrete block with a yellow brick facade. The slant sided entrance has three aluminum frame glass doors, one in the center to the second floor between one in each slant side that access the storefronts. This entry is positioned slightly off-center between two large windows sealed by wood panels, the right one wider than the left. Large transom windows above the doors and windows, all are sealed by metal panels, have a continuous lintel of header bond brick. The second story has a single window centered between double windows, all with masonry sills, and all sealed with wood panels. Centered in the upper facade above the center window is a small masonry plaque inscribed, “HEEB.” The facade terminates in a masonry coped parapet. The concrete block side walls have two double-hung sash infill windows in the second story of the south elevation, while the north has a large sealed window near the facade corner and seven functionally placed sealed voids with heavy masonry sills, one of which, in the second story toward the rear, is door-sized.

1125 North Washington. F. Preuss Building (1923). Contributing. This stand-alone building is set well back from the street behind a parking lot that is apparently shares with 1129 N. Washington Ave. to the north. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, building with a red-painted brick facade and red-painted tile block sidewalls, and has a stepped parapet roof. The facade has an off-center overhead vehicle door with a rowlock bond brick lintel, which is flanked on the right by a steel pedestrian entry door, and on the left by two windows sealed with concrete block. Centered above the overhead door is a masonry plaque that states, “F. PREUSS / 1923.” The visible tile block side elevation lacks any fenestration.

1129 North Washington. (1946-1947). Contributing. This building is located on the north side of a parking lot. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, blue-painted brick and concrete block building (old images reveal it is built of buff- colored brick). The brick wraps around from the facade to the front portion of the south side elevation, and concrete block forms the sidewall from there to the rear corner. The facade has an

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State off-center entrance with a steel entry door that is to the right of to two vertical fixed pane windows with splayed brick sills. The wall planes have a repeating pattern of corbelled brick string courses separated by four courses of face brick from the right corner of the building past the left window. Two corbelled brick courses separated by a single course of standard bond extend from the right building corner across the facade and around to the side elevation’s brick section at the level of the lintels and sills of the windows. Above these, a course of corbelled brick dentils supports a single corbelled brick course beneath the building parapet, wrapping around from the facade to the side elevation. Two other corbel brick courses extend from the corner on the side elevation at the level of the canopy and at the midpoint between it and the foundation. A narrow horizontal metal canopy supported from above by suspension brackets extends across the facade above the first story. The second story has two fixed-pane windows with thick masonry sills, and the left one, at the corner of the facade, continues around the corner to an identical window on the side elevation. This corner window treatment is repeated in the side elevation at the rear of the building. The windows in the side elevation are identical to the second story fixed pane windows in the facade, with three in the first story and four in the second. A single-story section extends the rear elevation. The horizontal emphasis, restrained ornamentation and continuous corner windows indicate Modernistic style influences, one of the few in the historic district.

1131 North Washington. Albert P. Walker Building No. 2 (1925). Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-brick, two-part commercial block with a flat parapeted roof. The recessed right corner entrance has two metal framed glass entry doors, the right one leading to the second story. Extending from these are large display windows with transoms that rest on a narrow wood panel bulkhead. Rock-faced concrete blocks are placed at the building corners at the level of the tops and bottoms of the transoms. The second story has a central triple double-hung sash window with a plain masonry sill. The upper facade terminates in seven courses of alternating corbelled header and stretcher bond brick up to the parapet. The facade of this building is virtually identical in all respects to the building next door to the north at 1135 N. Washington, but is appears to be of separate construction, with brick that differs slightly in color and a floor plan that is not as deep. It is a fine example of the minimally embellished Commercial Brick style.

1135 (1133-1135) North Washington. Albert P. Walker Building (1909). Contributing. This building is located on the southwest corner of the Cesar E. Chavez Ave. intersection. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-brick, two-part commercial block with a parapeted roof. The entrance is within a square cut-out at the right corner facing the intersection, which has a cast iron column with base and capital at the northeast building corner. The side facing Washington has two tall fixed pane windows with a wood panel bulkhead and transom, while facing to Cesar E. Chavez Ave. is a metal frame glass entry door adjacent to a window identical to the others. The Washington Ave. street level has seven tall display windows with transoms resting on narrow paneled bulkheads, a brick pier with rock faced masonry blocks at the transom level is placed between the third and fourth window back from the entrance. The second story has two sets of coupled double-hung sash windows between which is a single off-center double- hung sash window, all with thick masonry sills. Centered above the second story are two

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State masonry blocks that state, “WALKER 1909.” The upper facade terminates in seven courses of alternating header and stretcher bond brick that corbel out to the parapet. This treatment wraps around to the Cesar E. Chavez Ave. side elevation, which has two small fixed pane windows and a brick-sealed former entrance on the first story, and six double-hung sash windows with masonry sills on the second. The facade of this building is virtually identical in all respects to the building next door to the south at 1131 N. Washington, but is separate construction with brick that differs slightly in color and a floor plan that is deeper. It is a fine example of the minimally embellished Commercial Brick style.

NORTH WASHINGTON AVENUE, EAST SIDE, north from Oakland St.

914 North Washington. (1870). Contributing This is a T-plan frame upright and wing house that is composed of a one-and-a-half story front- gabled section and single-story wing, which is clad in vinyl siding. The facade has a wrap- around hipped roof entry porch supported on Tuscan columns, which has a shallow pedimented gable above the entrance. The house’s front-gabled section has an entry door near its right corner, which has a picture window to its left. Two double-hung sash windows are in the second story above the porch roof. The facade and sides of this one-and-a-half story portion of the house have a wide frieze and evenly spaced scroll eave brackets. The single-story wing has two double- hung sash windows, and its right gable end also has two. The opposite (north) side elevation has a rectangular fixed pane window near the facade and a double-hung sash window towards the rear. A tall brick chimney extends from the roof ridge near the center of the gable-front section. A large, two-story, clapboard-clad hipped roof frame carriage barn is located at the rear property line behind this house. It has a hay mow access in a gabled wall dormer in the second story.

920 North Washington. John F. and Catherine M. Rouse House (1886). Contributing This is a two-story, cross-gabled-and-hipped-roof, brick house that rests on a rock-faced limestone block foundation. The plan is basically rectangular with short bay extensions at the midpoints of the side elevations. The paired wood entry doors are shielded by a gabled porch supported on turned columns, which extends out from the right-side ell. Its pediment has a sunburst pattern and is placed above a dentilled frieze. Fenestration on the facade is evenly spaced and symmetrical. Windows are double-hung sash in both stories and are double-hung sash set beneath large decorative masonry hood molds and rest on plain masonry sills. Centered within the front-facing gable above the second story are two small square windows that share a plain masonry lintel and sill. The gable itself has decorative scrollwork bargeboard and a paneled frieze. The right (south) side elevation has a large lunette window near the facade corner, while the central bay has cant corners with decorative millwork above each window, and above the second story is a small porch, with turned columns extending to the gable above. The opposite side elevation has a second entry porch within the ell, which duplicates the decorative elements of the facade porch. All the evenly spaced double-hung sash windows on the side elevations have the decorative masonry lintels and plain sills present on the facade. The complex roof profile has a level section where the crossed gables meet near the center of the house, and a brick chimney extends from the ridgeline of each of the intersecting gables. This stylistically eclectic house combines Victorian and Queen Anne elements.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

1000 North Washington. House (1921). Milton P. Saxton, contractor. Contributing. This house occupies the northeast corner of the E. Kilborn Street intersection. It is a rectangular- plan, two-story, frame house, which has a hipped roof, is clad in wood lap siding, and whose visible foundation is clad in permastone veneer. The street level facade is clad in T-111 wood siding and has symmetrical fenestration. The first story has an entry door with sidelights beneath an aluminum awning that is centered between triple double-hung sash windows with Craftsman lights in the upper sash. The second story has two double-hung sash windows between which is a smaller paired double-hung sash window, all with upper sash Craftsman lights. Centered in the roof above is a large gabled dormer with two sets of paired casement windows and a round arch louvered vent. The first story also has a shed-roof single-story sun room extending the south elevation. The side elevations have a functional piercing pattern of double-hung sash windows and both have hipped roof dormers breaking the roof plane. An addition to the rear incorporated the single-story garage attached to the northeast corner and added a second story to the rear of the house. This house is of the Foursquare type and appears to be influenced by the Arts and Crafts and Craftsman styles.

1006 North Washington. House (1921). Milton P. Saxton, contractor. Contributing. This is a two-story, rectangular-plan, front-gabled frame house that is clad in aluminum siding and rests on a brick veneer foundation. The shallow-pitch front-gabled full-width gabled entry porch rests on Tuscan columns and shields two entry doors separated by a coupled double-hung sash window. The second story has two double-hung sash windows, and a smaller coupled double-hung sash window is centered beneath the gable peak. The side elevations have functional fenestration, and the south side has a brick wall chimney and a shed-roof dormer.

1010 North Washington. Milton P. Saxton House (1921). Milton P. Saxton, contractor. Contributing. This is a rectangular-plan, two-story frame house that is clad in aluminum siding and has a hipped roof with slightly flared eaves, with a rock-faced block foundation. The first story has an off-center entry door set within a classically inspired surround of fluted pilasters and a broken pediment lintel. To its left is a picture window. The second story has two double-hung sash windows. Centered in the roof above is a hipped roof dormer with a triple window of small fixed lights. The side elevations have a functional piercing pattern of double-hung sash windows. The south side has a projecting central bay that extends from the middle of the first story up through a hipped roof wall dormer, and is adjacent to a brick wall chimney. The opposite side elevation has a bay window in the first story. This house is of the Foursquare type with Arts and Crafts and Craftsman stylistic influences.

1012 North Washington. Charles A. and Lena Affeldt House (1912). S. D. Butterworth(?), architect. Contributing. This is a two-story, side-gabled frame house that is clad in clapboard and stucco and has a concrete foundation. The full-width hipped roof porch rests on Tuscan pillars and shields a corner entry door with sidelights and a large double-hung sash window. The second story’s central gabled wall dormer is clad in stucco with half-timber framing above a triple double-hung

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State sash window with six-pane upper lights, which appear to rest on the porch roof. A vertical four- light casement window is within the stuccoed section above, and a small louvered vent is within the gable peak. The south side elevation has a shouldered gold brick wall chimney and a first story box bay towards the rear, while the gable above the second story is stuccoed and half- timbered above a modillioned eave. The opposite side is similar, with a boxed bay and stucco- clad gable, but has four double-hung sash windows in the second story. A cross gable extends the rear of the house, which also has a sleeping porch in the second story. This is a Foursquare type house with eclectic style influences including Tudor Revival and Arts and Crafts.

1016 North Washington. Drury L. Porter House (1912). S. D. Butterworth(?), architect. Contributing. This house is located south of a wide drive access to a parking lot for the building next door to the north. It is a rectangular-plan, two-story frame house that is clad in clapboard, is shielded by a pyramidal roof with flared eaves, and has a concrete foundation. The first story has an entry door set in a cut-out left corner beneath a pyramid-roofed porch that wraps to the side elevation. This porch roof rests on a wide frieze supported by four short wood pillars that rise from a clapboard apron. To the porch’s right is a picture window, and in the second story above are two double-hung sash windows with Craftsman lighted upper sash. The right-side elevation has coupled double-hung sash windows in the first story and two double-hung sash windows in the second, while the opposite side has a single double-hung sash window in each story. This house is of the Foursquare type and appears to be influenced by the Arts and Crafts and Craftsman styles.

1026 North Washington. Charles and Alexandra Kontas House / NECA Building (1950 front section; 1968 rear section). Contributing. This building is north of an access drive and backs onto a large parking lot. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, blonde brick building with a concrete foundation whose front section has a pyramidal roof and whose large rear section has a flat roof. The front section has a full-width metal pent roof porch, which is supported by wood posts that rest on brick kneewalls. Beneath the porch is a metal frame glass entry door centered between two large fixed pane windows. The three second story bay’s double-hung sash windows are stacked directly above the first story openings. The first story fenestration has soldier bond brick lintels and splayed brick sills, while the sills of the second story rest on a belt course of header bond brick but lack lintels, terminating at the roof soffit. The only embellishment of the front section is widely spaced single course corbelled brick that resemble quoins at the building corners. The south side elevation has three evenly spaced double-hung sash windows in each story and the opposite side more functionally placed windows, several of which have been bricked in. The rear section, which ells slightly to the south at the rear corner of the front section, appears to be of more recent vintage than the front, constructed of slightly lighter toned brick. Its fenestration consists of three evenly spaced vertical fixed pane windows in each floor separated by vertical metal spandrels.

1034 North Washington Ave., Pioneer Mutual Building (1958). Manson-Carver Associates, architect; The Reniger Construction Co., contractor. Contributing.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State This building occupies the southeast corner of the N. Washington Ave. and E. Maple St. intersection. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan, light red brick and masonry building that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. It is set below grade, with its site excavated out from the foundation to provide full exposure to the ground or basement story windows. Most of the facade is clad in large masonry panels. It has an aluminum-framed glass entry door with fixed, full-height sidelights and a tripartite transom beneath a flat canopy near the northwest corner of the building. From the entry to the east, two ribbons of aluminum frame fixed-pane- with-lower-awning windows, separated by masonry panels, extend across the basement level and the first story to the opposite corner of the facade. One of the panels to the right of the door near ground level is incised with large numerals, “1958.” The masonry panels from the corner entry bay wrap around to the first portion of the north elevation, whose fenestration consists mostly of aluminum framed fixed pane windows with masonry sills. At the opposite south corner of the facade, a vertical brick wall plane wraps around to the brick side elevation, whose fenestration is similar to the opposite side. This building is one of the better examples of stylistic influences of the Modern Movement in the historic district.

1100 North Washington Ave. I. O. O. F. Temple Building (1914; 1960s; between 1988 and 1994). J. N. Churchill, architect. Contributing. This building occupies the northeast corner of the E. Maple Street intersection, and faces west toward N. Washington Ave. A paved parking lot abuts the east façade. The original section is a rectangular-plan, two-story, dark blonde brick building that has a flat roof and rests on a concrete foundation. Built on a slight grade to the rear, it has a concrete water table, at whose southwest corner are two masonry tablets. The one on the facade states, “PROTECTION / LODGE/ NO. 321,” and the one on the south side is a date stone, “1914.” There is a small window in the facade’s water table near the building’s northwest corner. The symmetrical facade is divided into three bays by engaged brick piers. The central bay has a double wood entry door with sidelights and a transom. It is recessed between broad masonry pilasters with simple capitals and beneath a broad masonry lintel. Above it, the coupled double-hung sash windows have transoms and are set within tabbed masonry surrounds that incorporate plain sills and lintels with oversized keystones and corner blocks. The bays on each side of the center one have coupled windows in each story that are identical to those above the entrance. Vertical tabbed masonry links the windows between the two stories, and also forms the lateral margins of slightly recessed brick panels between the windows, which are outlined by soldier and stack bond brick. The upper facade rises from several courses of corbelled brick and terminates in a masonry coped parapet, interrupted by the brick piers that have masonry caps. The center bay has a slight pediment that is placed above contrasting color brick that states, “I. O. O. F.” The south side elevation is similar to the facade, divided by four engaged brick piers, with single double-hung sash in each bay that lack the ornamental lintels of the facade, with an entry door in the second bay back from the facade. It differs from the facade in having a higher water table, which has a sealed window to the left of the door, and three double hung sash windows to its right, as well as an entry door near the building’s southwest corner. This side’s entrance has a narrow double-hung sash window at its upper left, and is flanked to its right by a second, smaller double hung sash window. The second story of the bay to the south of the entrance has two windows enclosed with

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State brick infill, although it is uncertain if this is a renovation or if these two openings were originally “blind” windows.

The north side of the original 1914 building is now joined to a slightly projecting two-story, concrete block with red brick veneer section, which has engaged brick corner piers. This section’s east wall is a plane of brick that lacks fenestration, which extends forward to the facade, which lacks windows and has a corbelled upper facade. This two-story section is joined to the north with the building originally addressed as 1112 N. Washington (see next entry). City assessor’s records appear to provide a 1988 construction date for this newer section under sub- address for this property.

1112 North Washington Ave., North Lansing Post Office Building (1958; Between 1988 and 1994). Foster, Schermerhorn, Barnes, Inc. contractor. Contributing. This rectangular-plan, single-story concrete block and yellow brick veneer building with a flat roof is now joined to the building to the south by a two-story brick addition to the old Odd Fellows Temple at 1100 N. Washington. Its southwest brick corner projects slightly from the two-story addition, then has six metal frame bays composed of a ribbon of six fixed pane and lower hopper windows. These windows are placed between upper and lower sections of orange enameled metal spandrels. To the north, the building is joined to a taller single-story concrete block and brick-veneered section (see 1116 N. Washington).

1116 North Washington, National Cash Register Building (1957; Between 1988 and 1994). Non-Contributing. This rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, single-story building is constructed of concrete block with a red brick veneer now covered in a vibrant painted mural. Its facade is joined by a narrow ell to a slightly shorter single-story building to the south at 1112 N. Washington. The ell contains an aluminum frame glass entry door to the left of a full-height fixed window. The facade has a central full-height circular window, and its brick wall planes are painted in brightly colored musically-inspired images. The northwest corner of the building is notched, and is of concrete block with a fixed pane window. The north side elevation is concrete block and lacks fenestration, while the rear elevation of the building is composed largely of loading docks. An image of the building roof (via GoogleEarth) appears to indicate this building was joined to the one to the south (1112) by the construction of an intervening, slightly taller section, which projects slightly toward the street as an ell and extends to the south partially across the original facade of 1112. This construction would involve the lots north of 1112 and south of 1122 N. Washington, which is addressed as 1116 in older Sanborn editions. Because this building’s original appearance and facade is no longer evident, it is considered Non-Contributing.

1116 North Washington (rear). Building (post-1953; circa 1990?). Non-Contributing. This building is located near the west bank of the Grand River at the northeast corner of a large parking lot behind 1116 N. Washington. It is a large rectangular-plan, single-story, end-gabled building clad in T-111 wood panels and rests on a concrete foundation. The current cladding makes it impossible to determine if this building is of frame or concrete block construction. The south gable end facing the parking lot has a large sliding vehicular door entrance and a steel

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State entry door at the left corner. The opposite gable end extends as a wood parapet above the roofline. Other than the south end, this building lacks fenestration. This building post-dates the 1953 Sanborn edition and does not appear as a separately addressed entry in city directories. This utilitarian structure appears to be a storage building that is under fifty years old, and is therefore considered Non-Contributing.

1120-1122 North Washington. Central Welding Co. Building (1914-1915). J. N. Churchill architect; Thomas Early, contractor. Contributing. This building is located north of an alley and south of a parking lot. It is a rectangular-plan, single-story reddish beige brick one-part commercial block that has a flat roof and is on a concrete foundation. The three bays of the facade are defined by engaged brick piers. The piers extend up to the building’s parapet, which steps down on the side elevations. The facade’s right bay has four tall fixed pane and transom windows that rise from the concrete foundation, while the middle bay has three similar windows, but these are shorter, extending up from a masonry sill that rests on a narrow brick bulkhead. The northern bay has a left corner entry door next to a fixed pane window and transom on a masonry sill. Centered in each bay above the windows in the upper facade is a recessed horizontal brick panel. Above these are three courses of corbelled brick, which are beneath the building parapet. The painted right-side elevation lacks fenestration, while the painted north side has eight fixed pane and transom windows within elliptical arch openings that have double rowlock bond brick lintels and masonry sills.

1132-1134 North Washington, Rouse Building (Between 1908 and 1912). NRHP-listed. This building is located near the southeast corner of N. Washington Ave. and Cesar E. Chavez Ave. (formerly Cesar E. Chavez Ave.). A parking lot is situated to the south of the building. It is a two-story, rectangular-plan, flat-roofed, red-brick, two-part commercial block that rests on a concrete foundation. The street level facade is clad in EIFS panels and trim, and has two storefronts. The right storefront has a recessed left corner entry to the left of a tall fixed pane window placed off-center between two synthetic panels, all on narrow EIFS bulkheads. The left storefront has a double metal frame glass entry door with sidelights and transom centered between two synthetic panels. All fenestration is recent vintage replacements. Masonry blocks embellish the engaged brick right corner pier at the level of the storefront cornice, which is also clad in EIFS. The second story, set between engaged brick corner piers, has two sets of double- hung windows on plain masonry sills, each set stacked above the storefront below. The upper facade has a masonry cornice that is interrupted by the windows, but is linked by narrow vertical and horizontal masonry bands, suggestive of window hoods. Above the masonry bands are five rectangular panels of four courses of dogtooth bond brick, which are placed beneath a simple cornice formed from four courses of corbelled brick capped in masonry coping. The sawtooth panels are spaced equidistant across the façade, with the center panel placed in the center of the façade and the outer panels centered over the window openings below. The south side elevation has three fixed pane windows in the first story and five in the second, all with segmental arch lintels formed by a double rowlock bond brick, and plain masonry sills. This building is a fine example of the Commercial Brick style. In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1136 North Washington and 104 East Cesar E. Chavez, Rouse Block (1897, 1995). NRHP- listed. This rectangular-plan, red-brick, two-part commercial block is located on the southeast corner of N. Washington and East Cesar E. Chavez avenues intersection, and has addresses on both streets. A cant corner entry bay faces the intersection, with the building’s long axis is along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, which includes a storefront at its east end addressed as 104 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. From the cant corner entrance, the Cesar E. Chavez Ave. street level has a narrow display window and seven small fixed pane windows, the easternmost one placed above the transom for a pedestrian entry door. To its left is the storefront at 104, which consists of a corner entry door and three display windows, all set within EIFS synthetic panels and trim. The first story of the Washington St. elevation extends across three display windows on a narrow brick bulkhead. Engaged brick piers are at the building’s corners, on each side of the cant entry bay, and the narrow display window next to it, at the midpoint of the Cesar E. Chavez Ave. side, and on each side of the door to the right of 104. A dressed limestone course is placed at the level of the display window and door lintels and also forms a continuous sill for the small fixed pane windows. Dressed stone blocks on the piers mark the transition to the second story, and just above these, a dressed limestone string course extends from the left side of 104 across the entire Cesar E. Chavez Ave. facade and continues across the cant entry bay. A narrow, molded cornice rests on this course for its entire length, but also continues past it for the full length of the Washington St. side. All of the second story double-hung sash windows have masonry sills – 11 on Cesar E. Chavez Ave., one in the cant bay, and three on Washington Ave. – that rest on this cornice. All windows have a continuous corbelled checkerboard bond lintel that extends between the brick piers, and above them four courses of corbelled brick rise to the wide masonry band that is the base of a wide frieze constructed of checkerboard bond brick. In the cant corner bay the frieze holds a dressed stone plaque that states, “ROUSE / 1897.” The building’s raised parapet is faced with a series of metal panels that support a dentilled and modillioned cornice. This building is a good example of the Late Victorian commercial style. The Lansing State Journal published a photograph taken of the building shortly after it was opened, revealing minimal changes (Lansing State Journal 1941k). In 1976 this building was evaluated as contributing to the North Lansing Historic Commercial District.

INTEGRITY

The North Lansing Historic Commercial District is a relatively compact assemblage of buildings that resembles the main streets of a small town. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century commercial buildings provide architecturally varied but continuous streetscapes. The adjacent residential blocks of large houses, most of which have been converted to commercial or professional use, have received generally sympathetic renovations that preserve their architectural character. The smaller and earlier buildings that survive in the district, some dating to the third quarter of the nineteenth century, also present generally intact facades and add variety and interest to the blocks. Very few recent intrusions affect the district’s architectural integrity, and several vacant buildings are being restored at the time of this nomination’s preparation. In sum, over ninety percent of the inventoried buildings, structures, and objects

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State continue to maintain their architectural and historical integrity and contribute to this district’s historic character. ______8. Statement of Significance

Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.)

X A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

X C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction.

D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)

A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes

B. Removed from its original location

C. A birthplace or grave

D. A cemetery

E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure

F. A commemorative property

X G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years

x

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.) _Architecture______Commerce______Industry______Social History______Ethnic History______Entertainment/Recreation_ _Government______Education______

Period of Significance _1845-1969______

Significant Dates _N/A______

Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) _N/A______

Cultural Affiliation _N/A______

Architect/Builder _Moon, Darius B.______Butterworth, Samuel D._ _White, Thomas E.____ _Churchill, J. N. ______Black, Lee______Warren S. Holmes Co._ _Manson, Jackson, Wilson & Kane_

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.)

The North Lansing Commercial Historic District meets National Register Criterion A at the local level of significance for its commercial significance as the location of one of the city’s earliest settlements and of an early and long-lasting commercial district, retaining buildings that, dating from the late 1840s to the late 1960s, collectively have housed most of North Lansing’s commercial activity, including stores, banks, hotels, and professional offices over the years. This nomination presents an expansion of the original 1976 commercial historic district to include adjacent blocks of commercial buildings and other buildings that were constructed as residences but have been converted to commercial use through time. The district also possesses historical importance under Criterion A in terms of industry as the location of the city’s first dam and its latest 1930s rendition today, and the associated portions of complexes and buildings that housed early foundries and factories such as Cady, Glassbrook & Co., and other anchors of the north side’s, and in the early years, the city’s, economy through the early twentieth century. The district also meets National Register Criterion A for its role in the development of social history and recreation history of the city, particularly for its buildings that housed the meeting places of prominent fraternal organizations such as the Odd Fellows, Masons, and Maccabees, and for other buildings that served as meeting and entertainment places, as well as saloons and other places that afforded entertainment and recreation. The district is also significant for its connection to the city’s ethnic heritage, and its buildings that reflect and illustrate the economic and social contributions of various ethnic groups, particularly the Germans. Under Criterion A for architecture and commerce, the district contains homes of several of the district’s leading industrialists and business leaders from the mid-nineteenth through early twentieth centuries. In addition, the district meets Criterion C for its many commercial, public, institutional, religious, and residential buildings that illustrate and represent a broad range of high style and vernacular mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth-century currents in American architecture. The district includes a number of fine examples of Italianate and Late Victorian, early twentieth century Commercial Brick blocks, Richardsonian Romanesque, and the mid-twentieth century Modern Movement, as well as a variety of residential styles from Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival through Arts and Crafts.

______Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.)

North Lansing Historical Development

Introductory notes: The following discussion is divided into sections employing broad historical trends for the city in general, and North Lansing specifically. In 2018 the Lansing City Council formally renamed Grand River Avenue, which had earlier been named Franklin Avenue, as Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, which will be the name used in this nomination.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Early North Lansing (1843-1870)

The oldest buildings in the district, those from this era, tend to be dwellings that survived the expansion of the commercial district. A total of eight buildings in the district appear most likely to date from about 1869 or before. The oldest definitively dated house is the 1852 Hiram H. Smith House at 1025 North Washington Avenue. City assessor’s records date the William F. Rouse House at 1031 North Washington Avenue and the G. Bauerly House at 1300 Center Street to 1860. The oldest documented brick commercial buildings in the district include 304 and 306 East Cesar E. Chavez, built in 1865, and 206 East Cesar E. Chavez, built 1867-1868. The original portion of the North Presbyterian Church at 108 West Cesar E. Chavez was constructed in 1864.

In the early years of the city, what is now North Lansing (also today known as “Old Town” to Lansingites) was commonly known as Lower Town, one of three locales comprising the city, named for their relative positions along the Grand River. In 1843, John Burchard acquired land here from James Seymour, cleared a few acres near the what is today the intersection of East Cesar E. Chavez (historically Franklin Avenue, then Grand River Avenue) and Center streets, north of Maple Street and built the first house in Lansing, thus becoming the first settler in this part of town. He began construction of a dam in the Grand River but drowned while repairing the dam during Spring floods in 1844, after which the property reverted to Seymour. Shortly thereafter, James Seymour reinforced the dam and employed millwrights Joab Page and Whitney Smith to erect a mill on the Grand River.

Though still mostly wilderness, the city that became Lansing was designated as the state capital by the legislature in 1847, because of its central location was thought to limit the influence of special interests in the state’s population centers. It was also assumed the settlement would prosper because of the advantage of the “extensive water power” provided by the Grand River in what would become north Lansing. The same year Lansing was designated as the capital, Joab Page (a millwright, who with his sons had also Burchard’s sawmill) and his son-in-law, Whitney Smith, built the city’s first hotel in anticipation of the arrival of state government, the Grand River House, in North Lansing on the northwest corner of Center and Maple streets. By 1848, temporary quarters for the state legislature had been erected and a post office established. The initial growth of Lansing was sluggish due to poor roads and transportation, but the later construction of roads and, later, extension of railroads would greatly improve the city’s prospects. In addition to stimulus provided by serving as the seat of state government, Lansing had the advantage of “extensive water power” provided by the Grand River, and within three years, the population of Lansing had reached 1,216 (Durant 1880: 126; Edmonds 1944: 21; Cowles 1905:55-57; Hawes 1859: 219).

Lower Town was the heart of early Lansing, and included the first school in in the city, built in 1847 on Cesar E. Chavez Ave. east of N. Cedar Street, the first bridge to cross the Grand River, built by James Seymour in 1847, and still includes today what a 1905 history of Lansing identifies as one of the three “better dwellings” built in 1848-1849, the Hiram Smith (also called the Peck) House at 1025 N. Washington.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

While most of the earliest dwellings long ago disappeared because of subsequent development, the spread of commercial blocks, or obsolescence (Burchard’s house location is commemorated today by a boulder and plaque), the district contains some of the earliest houses surviving in Lansing. In addition to the original portion of the 1852 Hiram H. Smith House at 1025 North Washington Avenue, several houses on the fringe of the business district appear to date to the 1840s or 1850s, smaller homes with Greek Revival details such as the James I. Mead I-house at 1214 Center Street and the J. S. Richmond upright-and-wing house at 914 North Washington Avenue, as well.

Recognizing Lansing's isolation, in 1848 the legislature financed the opening of roads from the town to other important points. The legislature authorized the completion of the important Grand River Road which was to run from Detroit through Howell and what is now North Lansing to Grand Rapids and the mouth of the Grand River. The section from Howell to North Lansing (present-day Cesar E. Chavez Avenue) was opened in 1849. Several of the new roads, including the Grand River Road, were turned over to turnpike companies in the 1850s and rebuilt as plank roads (Christensen 1983).

The “Original Plat of the Town of Michigan” dating to 1850 (today’s Lansing), included all of the proposed historic district, extending from the lots on the west side of Sycamore Street on the west, eastward past Larch Street to East Street, and south from North Street and continuing south to include lots on the north side of Ionia Street (Ogle 1895: 42; DLRA 2018a). North Lansing’s early principal street was named Franklin Street, in honor of Benjamin Franklin, an extension of the Grand River turnpike that reached Lansing and Lower Town from the east. Center Street was named because it ran through the center of the Lower Town. On the southwest corner of Franklin Avenue and Center Street, Downer’s Hall functioned as a headquarters for state officers and employees (located just east of the railroad, it was torn down in 1940 for Gottlieb Reutter’s new store. Turner Street extended north from Franklin Street (today’s Cesar E. Chavez Avenue), named for James Turner, secretary and manager of the Lansing & Howell Plank Road Company, and who arrived in Lansing in 1847. Turner opened a mercantile business and also built the first frame house in the city. He later promoted the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw Railroad, the first to enter Lansing. In 1847 he backed the first bridge across the Grand River in North Town. That same year the city’s first school opened on Cesar E. Chavez Avenue east of North Cedar Street, a site that has been occupied by a series of school buildings for over a century, the latest of which still stands and has been converted to commercial use (Edmonds 1944: 38, 64, 76, 100).

Prior to construction of the new state capitol and improvement in rail connections, Lansing's overall commercial and industrial development remained tentative. The population of these nodes grew slowly but steadily in the first decades of settlement. Lansing Township had 1,216 residents in 1850 and 1,560 in 1856. By 1860 the first census to break out the city of Lansing’s population from Lansing Township, the city had 3,047 residents, growing to 3,573 in 1864 (Cowles 1905: 49). The 1860 state gazetteer noted "the necessarily slow progress of clearing up a heavily timbered country, and the want of other means of communication than by common roads, has prevented that rapid progress which has been exhibited in some western towns, but

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Lansing has had a steady and healthy growth." The gazetteer went on to note Lansing's great potential as a market distribution center for the surrounding counties and stated that the completion of the Amboy, Lansing and Traverse Bay Railroad to the Detroit and Milwaukee Road from Owosso to Lansing would result "in a rapid improvement and heavy increase of business and population" (Hawes 1859: 219-20). Still, internally, Lansing lacked adequately developed streets connecting its “towns,” – Washington Avenue was not graded to North Lansing’s Franklin Street (Cesar E. Chavez) until 1861 (Cowles 1905: 69).

An 1867 business directory for the city (Smith 1867) identifies a number of “Lower Town” businesses, although locations for all business listings are not provided. Almost all North Lansing firms are on Franklin Street, including the “recently erected” Lansing City Mills, A. N. Hart & Son hardware store, J. S. Tooker & Tillotson’s drug store, A. B. Stuart’s furniture and cabinet shop, Williams & Watkins hardware and stoves, J. Somerville harness manufacturer and carriage supplies, and Mrs. M. Brower millinery and fancy goods.

North Lansing Develops (1870-1890)

The pace of building picked up markedly during between 1870 and 1890, when twenty-four buildings, many of the most distinctive in the district, were constructed. Some were residences but most were brick commercial blocks, which in some cases comprise virtually the entire streetscape. The brick commercial buildings from this period are generally two, sometimes three stories in height, Late Victorian Commercial in style. A three-story block built in 1890 at 204 East Cesar E. Chavez from designs by Moon is perhaps one of the most picturesque business blocks in the district, what might best be termed Queen Anne Commercial – demonstrating the increasing sophistication of owners in the district. The Union Block, built in 1877-1878, is an impressive example of an Italianate commercial building. Houses were generally larger and most commonly influenced by the Italianate and Queen Anne or an eclectic mix of architectural style, and it is evident that North Washington became a street favored by North Lansing’s successful business owners as a place to build their homes. Some of the commercial buildings originally constructed during this period were renovated in the 1920s, incorporating the then- popular Commercial Brick style.

By 1870 the population of Lansing had grown to 5,244, and to 7,745 in 1874 (Cowles 1905: 49). In 1874, Lower Town was mostly in the city’s 4th Ward that encompassed the blocks west of the Grand River, but east of the river was the 1st Ward. Population figures in the 1874 county atlas reveal that North Lansing held over a quarter of the city’s total population, with 1,165 in the 4th Ward and also apparently a good portion of the 1st Ward’s 1,331 residents (Beers 1874: 12). The 1878 city directory stated growth of the city had been hindered prior to 1871 because many felt the capital might be moved to a different city, but in that year the state legislature voted to raise 1,200,000 dollars in taxes over six years to construct a permanent State House (Mudge 1878: 3), and the construction of the State Capitol, completed in 1878, removed all doubt as to the future role of the city as the state’s capital city.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State By the early 1870s, North Lansing was a thriving commercial and industrial community with a variety of businesses distinct from those of the rival Washington Square and Michigan Avenue commercial center near the capitol. In the Lansing State Republican newspaper on September 21, 1871, North Lansing’s commercial interests were highlighted and described as encompassing nearly one hundred businesses, ranging from clothing and shoe shops, to groceries and dry goods, to those offering services like printing and insurance, to a number of manufacturing and industrial concerns that provided a wide range of products for a developing town (Kern 1976: 26).

In 1873 the state gazetteer described the relationship between North Lansing and the rest of the city (Scripps and Polk 1873: 397-398), noting that “Lansing extends from the mouth of the Cedar River northward and down the Grand River for a mile and a half, and is generally referred to as Upper, Middle and Lower Town, the latter also called North Lansing.” The gazetteer also noted that North Lansing had “a separate depot and branch post office,” and listed businesses distinct from that of the rest of the city, including: Alexander & Phillips tobacco and cigars, F. M. Allen pump factory, Charles L. Baier wagon maker Center Street, Rev. F. Bangs Methodist, Banker brick yard, Barker & Wilbur furniture factory Franklin Street, Chase B. Bates boarding house, Frederick Bauerly wagon and carriage maker 30 Turner Street, Gottlieb Bauerly blacksmith Center Street, S. H. Beecher pump factory, Jacob Burner wagon maker and blacksmith Turner Street, Alfred Bixby staves and lumber 48 Franklin, Orlando Button grocer Franklin, Carmeron Bros. general store Franklin, and the Carpenter pump factory (Scripps and Polk 1873: 397-398). The gazetteer seems to have neglected North Lansing’s first bank, a “private banking and exchange office” opened by Eugene Angell at 10 Franklin Street “for the accommodation of the large manufacturing and mercantile business in that portion of the city” (Durant 1880: 148).

However, in 1873, “the worst fire in (the) city” . . . swept away Lansing’s first manufacturing center” in Lower Town. It broke out in one of the flour mill barns, destroyed a flour mill and saw mill and appeared likely to extend into the business section, motivating merchants to load stock onto wagons and evacuate. The mayor telegraphed Jackson, Michigan, nearly forty miles to the south, which sent its team pumper by express train to North Lansing, and the crews were able to halt the fire at the river, but not before many buildings had burned (Lansing State Journal 1930s).

Still, both North Lansing and the city endured and prospered. Between 1860 and 1880 the city’s population increased by more than five thousand, from about three thousand to more than eight thousand, despite the nation-wide economic setback of the Panic of 1873. During the post- depression revival of 1875 about 230 structures were constructed in Lansing, with two of the more prominent ones being business buildings housing Mead's flour mill and chair factory and A. N. Hart's flour mill in North Lansing (North Lansing Historic Commercial District 1975: 26; Polk 1875: 495, 1881: 744; MacLean and Whitford 2003: 101).

By the third quarter of the nineteenth century, Lansing was served by four railroads, and the improvement in connections to various markets fostered increased commercial and industrial development. During the 1860s and 1870s the area along both sides of the river from Franklin

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Street southward to below Michigan Avenue and along the northern tracks of the Michigan Central Railroad to the east of the river was almost completely occupied by saw mills, chair factories, and other light industries using the area's rich timber supply until it was depleted in the 1880s. The area also contained a number of steam- and water-powered flour and grist mills; several of which produced flour exclusively for the New England market (Christensen 1983). The foundry of Cady, Glassbrook & Co. was busy, run by proprietors Curtis T. Cady, Nathaniel M. Glassbrook, and Frank Chafee (Polk 1881: 744). While the river banks, Grand Avenue, and Cedar and Race Streets became centers for industrial development, Turner and Franklin (now East Cesar E. Chavez) in North Lansing, and Washington and Michigan Avenues downtown, became the chief commercial corridors. With the construction of the new Capitol building, Washington Avenue in particular eclipsed the early North Lansing commercial district as the city's major business street.

During this period some subdivisions of the city’s Original Plat were recorded. In North Lansing, in 1874, a small subdivision, the Moseley, Howard, et al. Subdivision of a Part of Block 11, was platted along the east side of the river north from East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, consisting of twelve lots including a large one on the river frontage on the west side of the 1200 block of Turner Street. By 1895, Seymour’s Subdivision was platted along the east side of the river, extending south from East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue west of Factory Street south past Wall (Maple) to Water Street and was occupied by the mill race and railroad siding (no recorded plat on file at DLRA). In 1927 the Assessor’s Plat No. 31 replatted Block 6 of the Original Plat, the block north of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue to Clinton Street between Turner and Center streets (Ogle 1895: 42; DLRA 2018b; DLRA 2018c).

North Lansing Matures at the Turn-of-the-Twentieth Century (1891-1910)

The pace of construction in the district buildings remained steady from the previous decades, twenty-three buildings in total. The local economy not only remained strong despite the financial panic of 1893, it matured, and a greater variety of merchants were present in the commercial blocks. The architectural variety of the storefronts and houses dating to this period perhaps matured as well, and a wider range of styles and “taste” are represented in buildings from this period. Significant buildings from this period include the Romanesque-inspired 1891 Scofield Building designed by Lansing architect Darius Moon, the restrained limestone Romanesque Bopp Block, built in 1893, and the 1895 “Queen Anne Commercial” block at 106 East Cesar E. Chavez. Despite these classical examples, a trend for new buildings indicated greater restraint in embellishment, a more functional structure evolving to the Commercial Brick style prevalent in the early 1900s. Primary examples of this approach include the 1897 Rouse Block, the 1898 Rork & Bro. Building, the 1905 Hamilton Block, and the 1909 A. P. Walker Building. Notable among industrial buildings is one of the few designed by Darius Moon, a three-story structure for the Hildreth Motor & Pump Co. along the Grand River in 1903.

By the 1890s the city’s railroad connections had matured. The Chicago & Grand Trunk Railroad linked the city west to Chicago and east to Port Huron, the east coast, and Canada. The Detroit, Lansing & Northern ran to Grand Rapids with connections to Detroit on the railroad’s main

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Detroit-Chicago line, and to the east, as well as to cities in northern Michigan. The Saginaw Branch of the Michigan Central also provided connections from Jackson to the Straits of Mackinac. Lastly, the Lansing Division of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern (LS&MS) connected the city to Hillsdale and the main line of the railroad (C&WM and D&LN 1895: 2). Lansing’s rail connections and growth of industry and state government in the ensuing decades resulted in a population and economic boom. The city population grew to 8,326 in 1880, to 9,774 in 1884, grew by over one-third to 13,102 in 1890, to 15,847 in 1894 and 16,485 in 1900, and jumped again by nearly one-quarter to 20,276 in 1904 (Cowles 1905: 49). Between 1900 and 1905, the city's incorporated industries "doubled their work force and increased the value of their output by 134 percent.” Lansing became “the center of a hard-working, prosperous and enterprising set of manufacturing, retailing, and professional institutions, with new enterprises springing up as if by magic" (Kestenbaum 1981: 77, 82).

The early industrial and commercial prominence of North Lansing diminished slowly through the twentieth century. As the centers of business and manufacturing moved to the Washington- Michigan corridor and the new railroad allowed the creation of industrial districts around the city’s fringes, North Lansing became increasingly isolated. The decline in importance of North Lansing can be seen in state gazetteer entries in the 1890s, when few businesses listed their location as “N. Lansing,” and in the 1907 edition when this identifier is virtually absent from business listings. The lack of business entries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries also suggests the perceptual incorporation of North Lansing into the greater city, and the loss of a distinctive commercial identity.

Nonetheless, the area remained a vibrant commercial and manufacturing zone. The Cady- Glassbrook foundry continued in business as Cady & Hildreths, with principals of Curtis T. Cady and William W. and Ned E. Hildreths (Polk 1893: 1024). The LS&MS railroad, which extended through North Lansing between Turner and Center streets, remained an important link for north side manufacturers. Perhaps most important among the newly developed industries was the Auto Body Co. and its large complex along the north side of East Cesar E. Chavez, established in the 1880s and continuing as a major employer and economic engine of North Lansing and the city until it closed in the 1920s (demolished).

North Lansing Peaks and the Roaring Twenties (1910-1929)

The city’s population had grown to nearly sixty thousand by the 1920 census, and “the magnitude of its commercial and manufacturing accomplishments” was recognized throughout the Middle West,” as new industries were being lured to the city (Polk 1921: 1141-1144). North Lansing reflected good times for Lansing as a whole. The importance of the neighborhood’s local economy was materially recognized by the construction and renovation of several significant buildings.

More buildings were constructed in North Lansing in the first two decades of the twentieth century than in any other similar period, providing the district with much of the character of its streetscapes. A total of forty-seven buildings – about double the number of any previous decade

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State – were constructed. Indicative of the changes in the Lansing economy, most of these building were in some way related to the automobile, with some professional offices and other uses. Commercial enterprises were established and continued to expand, and the Auto Body Co. remained an anchor of the district until it closed in the 1920s. The three-story Hotel Digby, designed by Lansing architect Samuel D. Butterworth, was constructed in 1912-1913, and several two-part Commercial Brick buildings were built in this era. Notable among these commercial buildings are the Reutter Building and the Fortino Building, both constructed in 1923. Some of the district’s nineteenth-century buildings were modified during the 1910s and 1920s, presumably to “modernize” the building to make it more attractive to potential customers. The 1875 F. Preuss Building at 308 East Cesar E. Chavez and the 1890 Affeldt & Sons Building at 303 East Cesar E. Chavez were updated and received new facades in the 1920s.

At the same time some buildings were designed in a conspicuously more stylish tone, such as the distinctive - in appearance and function - Classical Revival North End Rest Rooms Building, built in 1915, from the designs of city engineer H. A. Sparks. More traditional are two high style bank buildings built at the end of the decade: the 1928 Bank of Lansing Building, displaying classically inspired designs by J. N. Churchill, and the 1929-30 vaulted classical Revival style American State Savings Bank Building, designed by Harold A. Childs.

Other notable buildings from this era reflect the continued maturation of the district. Basic needs were more easily met and commercial and public services expanded and diversified. Spiritual and social organizations grew and developed and constructed buildings for their members.

Two large and architecturally distinctive church edifices were built in the 1910s. The Franklin Avenue Presbyterian Church (North Presbyterian Church) was built in an unusual Arts & Crafts style in 1916 from designs by Edwyn A. Bowd (incorporating portions of the original 1864 building), and the monumental four-story 1st Methodist Episcopal Church, built in the Neoclassical style in 1918 from designs of Lansing architect Lee Black.

The I.O.O.F. Temple at 1100 North Washington was designed by J. N. Churchill and constructed in 1915. The temple is situated in a transition zone, of sorts, between the commercial and (former) residential areas of the district. The impressive three-story Neo-Georgian style Michigan Education Association Building at 935 North Washington was built in 1928 from designs by Lansing’s Warren Holmes-Powers Co., and the Cedar Street School, constructed at 1106 N. Cedar in 1917-1918, was designed by Thomas E. White.

New residential buildings in the district transitioned from the grand houses found on North Washington to smaller and more architecturally restrained dwellings, intended for the city’s growing middle class. Notable in this regard are three houses at 1006, 1008 and 1010 North Washington, built in 1921 by one of Lansing’s most prolific house builders of the period, Milton Saxton.

North Lansing, the Great Depression and World War II (1930-1945)

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The moribund economy of the early 1930s and materials shortage of the war years resulted in little new construction in North Lansing. A total of six new buildings, all commercial, were constructed, as well as the North Lansing Dam and power house, and all of these were built prior to World War II. The buildings of the Auto Body Co., which had been an anchor of the district until it closed in the 1920s, were razed in the late 1930s, creating opportunities for new buildings in the 200 block of Cesar E. Chavez and along the river (Lansing State Journal 1939a).

North Lansing, much like the rest of Lansing, Michigan, and the United States suffered through the Great Depression. Recovery came first through New Deal programs and an increase in the number of state employees, and then through the growth of industrial production during the World War II economy. By the 1940 United States Census, Lansing had a population of nearly 80,000, and major employment was provided by forging and stamping for motor vehicles, airplanes, and railroads (Polk 1945: 9-20). The 1945 state gazetteer stated that the city had “a splendid diversification of industries,” which had made “an almost complete conversion to war materiel production during World War II” and had provided employment to 33,000 of the “home-front army” (Polk 1945: 13). Yet, the World War II stimulus to business and industry was somewhat limited in the North Lansing area as the large factories that produced much of the war materiel were able to expand elsewhere in the city.

The macroeconomic factors limiting growth in North Lansing may have been reinforced by the nearly fully constructed nature of the streetscapes, scarcity of buildable lots, and a limited ability – real and perceived – to clear parcels and erect replacement buildings. The automobile continued to influence the development of the district, as witnessed by construction of the distinctive Hickok Oil Co. gas station at the corner of East Cesar E. Chavez and Larch in 1935. The district was also in the midst of a long-term conversion from a city-wide center of industry to one that primarily served the surrounding neighborhoods This transition to neighborhood commerce was reflected in construction of the Noice Grocery, built in 1936 at 515½ East Cesar E. Chavez. The construction of the Kroger Grocery Co. store on the site of the Auto Body Co. in 1940, and the influence of chain stores by the D & C Stores Building at 319-25 East Cesar E. Chavez in 1941, one of the best examples of the Enframed Window Wall building type in the district, materially representing the shift from industry to local commerce. The largest construction project in North Lansing was the three-story Commercial Brick style Bishop Furniture Warehouse, constructed circa 1938 at 1223-1227 Turner. In addition to the limited new construction, the storefront at 306 East Cesar E. Chavez, originally built in 1865, was renovated with a new “modern” facade in 1930. Perhaps the most significant development for North Lansing was the replacement and construction of the North Lansing Dam and associated power house on the Grand River in 1934-1935, and subsequent filling of the old mill race west of Race Street.

North Lansing’s Decline and Renaissance (1946-1969 and 1970s-Present)

After the war as the city and North Lansing transitioned to a peacetime economy, the pace of construction increased. Although Lansing’s population grew to over 93,000 in the 1950 census, to over 107,000 ten years later, and peaked at over 131,000 in 1970, the city’s commercial core

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State and North Lansing suffered gradual urban decline and flight of residents and businesses to the suburbs. Virtually no new buildings were constructed in North Lansing after the 1950s, although some were “updated,” usually with renovations that were insensitive to the existing building’s historic architecture.

However, unlike other areas of the city, the district escaped large-scale urban renewal, and while some buildings were lost, demolition was not associated with concerted government action. The decline in the district is perhaps best illustrated by the fact that not a single stand-alone building was constructed in it between 1960 and 1969. Beginning in the 1970s, state and local governments and the private sector combined to breathe life into North Lansing. An early catalyst was the completion of the 1976 North Lansing Historic Commercial District National Register nomination (Kern 1976). To assist in stabilization and redevelopment, in 1979, the State Historic Preservation Office coordinated the North Lansing Facade Restoration Phase I and Phase II projects, involving twenty-seven buildings in the historic district (Lansing 1979).

Individuals and businesses began to move back into the district, an early proponent being Robert Busby, the “Father of Old Town,” who promoted the revitalization and the synergies provided by creative individuals and the art scene for twenty years before his untimely death in 1998. By that time, the largest distressed property in the district, the formed Cady-Glassbrook Foundry along the river at Race Street, had begun renovation. Rejuvenation, renovation and restoration were repeated on a smaller scale in many other individual buildings, which provided the momentum that has carried the district forward to today. In 1996 a Main Street program was established in the district, and in 2006 Old Town was selected as one of the participants in the state’s Cool Cities initiative. The Lansing Old Town Commercial Association was established to promote the district and recognize the importance of historic preservation to the neighborhood’s viability. Today “Old Town” is one of the most attractive locales in the city, and North Lansing serves as a revitalized commercial center, attracting people from Lansing and beyond.

A total of fourteen buildings were constructed in the district from 1946 until the end of the period of significance in 1969, all commercial buildings except for the post office. They are scattered throughout the district, with some referencing the earlier Commercial Brick style, some with Art Deco or Moderne affinities, and still others displaying, to varying degrees, stylistic influences of the latter years of the Modern Movement.

The Wolverton Garden & Pet Supplies building, built in 1946 at 1110 Center, was one of the first post-war buildings. It was designed by its owner and illustrates late Art Deco details. The diminutive, but distinctive, Tastee Freeze Building was constructed circa 1951 at 314 East Cesar E. Chavez, and remains a dairy bar today. The influence of the International style is expressed in the 1957 National Cash Register Building, the 1958 Pioneer Mutual Building designed by the Lansing firm of Manson-Carver Associates, the 1958 North Lansing Post Office Building, and the 1959-1960 Michigan Congress of Parent-Teacher Associations Building, designed by the Lansing architectural firm Manson, Jackson, Wilson & Kane.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The residential buildings on North Washington continued to be converted to commercial uses, and other buildings in the district were expanded with additions. A few buildings and structures were constructed in the district after 1970, most notably, the Brenke Fish Ladder, an important recreational structure in the city and region, constructed to allow spawning fish to travel the Grand River upstream, and built as part of a statewide effort to restore the ecology of the state’s major river systems. Built in 1981, it contributes to the district under Criteria Consideration G. The other major recent structure in the district is the Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge, which carries Cesar E. Chavez Ave. across the Grand River and replaced a historic concrete span in 2006. It was designed to be architecturally sensitive to the historic district, and references the design of the bridge it replaced.

COMMERCE

The blocks of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue from west of the Grand River eastward through the 400 block and the first block north along Turner Street have served as the commercial heart of this oldest part of Lansing since the city’s earliest days, down to the end of the district’s period of significance. North Lansing, with its dam and mills, was the site of the city’s earliest industrial development and developed a commercial district distinct from that of what later became Lansing’s central business district, a mile to the south. The district retained its own economic vitality into the 1960s with numerous buildings that housed key businesses still standing. Homes of business owners and professionals who maintained offices in North Lansing developed along North Washington Avenue. Through the years the business district expanded west through the 100 block of West Cesar E. Chavez, south along the 1100 block of N. Washington Avenue, east to the 600 block of Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and the first blocks off Cesar E. Chavez along Center and Cedar streets. The area has undergone a renaissance in recent years after a period of decline and now houses numerous local restaurants and shops as well as a few of the older North Lansing businesses. From the 1840s, when the first few businesses were established along the Grand River, and continuing to recent years, the surviving “Old Town” buildings housed a distinctive part of the city’s commercial activity.

The historic district buildings housed the entire array of commercial enterprises in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Many remained in business for decades either under a single family or a series of owners. The variety of commerce represented by businesses occupying still standing business blocks in the district included general stores, hardware stores, drug stores, and specialty shops, restaurants, banks, hotels and saloons, and professional offices. By the early twentieth century, these businesses and occupations were joined by department stores; gifts, book, and stationary stores; home furnishings, electrical appliance, and auto-related businesses, including auto repair garages and dealerships and gas stations. Unlike many other areas, national chain stores did not appear to have much of an impact on this business district as they did elsewhere across the nation. Both the Kroger Grocery Co. and D & C Stores moved into newly constructed buildings in the district just before World War II, occupying portions of the tract formerly occupied by the demolished Auto Body Co. plant on the north side of the 200 and 300 blocks of East Cesar E. Chavez. In the second story above many of the district’s

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State storefronts were apartments, and to a lesser extent, small commercial establishments such as tailor and millinery shops.

The heart of the business district from the 1850s into the early 1900s extended from the West Cesar E. Chavez and North Washington Avenue intersection east to the 300-400 blocks and Center Street, and north along Turner Street. Generally, less intensive development and residences occupied blocks extending in all directions from this core. Empty parcels were filled and new construction replaced many of the earlier commercial structures after circa 1890. Both in numbers and scale the buildings in the district increased. Many of the two-story brick commercial buildings date to this period and provide the historic district with its consistent streetscape. Later in the twentieth century, commercial development spread eastward to the 600 block of East Cesar E. Chavez and south from it along North Washington Avenue

The historic district retains a large body of older commercial buildings that possess a collective significance for housing much of North Lansing’s commercial activity over the years. The discussions of the following selected buildings and the stores and other commercial enterprises they housed illustrate the broad range of commerce associated with the district’s buildings. Some of them housed businesses important in terms of apparent stature in the community or years in operation while others are significant for housing the same types of businesses over long periods of time.

Dry Goods, Clothing, Furniture, Department Stores, and Hardware

From the first days of North Lansing through the turn of the twentieth century dry goods stores were an anchor of commercial activity in the business district. By 1871 there were reportedly eight dry goods stores in North Lansing, the most common store type (Kern 1976). They were concentrated along both Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street, and some were followed by department stores in the early twentieth century. However, the 1887 city directory identifies only a single dry goods store in North Lansing, the E. B. Carrier & Co. store at 206 East Cesar E. Chavez, and the 1898 edition only two – Lemon Bros. at 314 East Cesar E. Chavez and T. Rork & Co. at what is now 1213 Turner. Lemons Bros. remained at 314 in the 1902 edition, while Rork & Co. had moved to 200-02 East Cesar E. Chavez. Established by local entrepreneurs, by the early-to-mid-twentieth century North Lansing also included regional chain stores. Clothing, boots and shoes, sometimes combined with dry goods, were also a major component of North Lansing’s retail scene almost from the beginning, again clustering along East Cesar E. Chavez and Turner. The September 21, 1871, Lansing State Republican newspaper reported that North Lansing was home to two ready-made clothing stores. Specialty retailers such as milliners served a special niche for more “refined” ladies, and offered a rare opportunity for North Lansing’s women entrepreneurs to enter the world of commerce. Several women were in business as early as the 1870s, and continued into the mid-twentieth century. Over the years, a number of clothing-related businesses, often run in conjunction with dry goods stores, operated out of many extant buildings in the historic district. Several of these buildings survive and located on East Cesar E. Chavez, particularly at 123, 200-202, 306, and 527.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The Scofield Block at 200-202 East Cesar E. Chavez housed one of the earlier dry goods anchor stores in North Lansing was the Rork & Price Goods Store which operated from this store for many years. Thomas Rork and Lawrence Price, established what would become “one of the leading dry goods stores in the mid-Michigan region,” around 1880, starting out at 1213 Turner Street before moving here circa 1902. They bought this building in 1920 after leasing it for over fifteen years, when they were described as one of the oldest firms in the city, having “existed for nearly 40 years” (Polk 1907: 1334; Lansing State Journal 1920e; Lansing State Journal 1925b). George W. Campbell, who learned the trade while working for Rork & Price for over a decade, moved here after Rork’s death in 1925. Campbell remained in business here until 1930, and was followed by one of North Lansing’s first department stores, D & C Stores. D & C was in business here until 1944 when it moved from this building to a new building constructed for it at 319-325 East Cesar E. Chavez (Lansing State Journal 1941d).

The largest and most prominent among the district’s furniture retailers was also one of the best- known retailers city-wide: Jarvis-Estes. Elmer L. Jarvis arrived in Lansing in 1911, and formed a business partnership with Floyd Estes in 1914, with Jarvis running the furniture department and Estes the mortuary. The business rapidly outgrew its original location at 204 East Cesar E. Chavez. Jarvis had earlier partnered in the furniture business of Haite & Jarvis at 204 East Cesar E. Chavez from 1911 to 1913, becoming Elmer L. Jarvis & Co. there in 1914, and then forming Jarvis & Estes Co. there from 1915 until 1917, when the firm moved to its new building here at 101-105. The building constructed here at 101-105, from the plans of Jarvis and Estes, included an east side “designed exclusively for undertaking purposes” (Lansing State Journal 1917b). The undertaking business continues to this day, albeit in a different location, under the name of Estes-Leadley Funeral Home.

Also significant is the building at 1223-1227 Turner, built for the Grand Rapids, Michigan-based Bishop Furniture Company. This large building was constructed circa 1938 as a warehouse for their store located 301 North Washington in downtown Lansing. By 1968, it is the location of Bishop’s Furniture Warehouse Outlet. In the 1960s the Bishop company built a large, modern showroom on Pennsylvania Avenue, several miles south of the historic district.

In 1944 the D & C 5-cent and 10-cent store moved into the building at 319-325 East Cesar E. Chavez from its previous location in the Scofield Block. D & C remained in business here into the 1970s (Lansing State Journal 1944b). The D & C stores were founded in 1926 in Stockbridge, Michigan, by brothers James and Paul Dancer and their partner, Glen Cowan (thus, the D and C name). The business eventually expanded to thirty-four stores in southern lower Michigan. This was one of four stores in the Lansing area. The chain went out of business in 1993 (Dozier 2016; Remembering Rochester 2009).

Henry B. Kebler operated a shoe store from 1898 until 1945 at 123 East Cesar E. Chavez. Similarly, George W. Christopher had been in business at 306 East Cesar E. Chavez for fifty years. He opened a grocery store after the Civil War, but switched to selling boots and shoes in 1887 after a fire damaged the building and destroyed his stock (Lansing State Journal 1915f). Another longtime business, Ezray’s clothing store, operated in North Lansing for sixty-seven

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State years. Eli Ezray began his clothing business in 1926 at 513 East Cesar E. Chavez and moved to a building he constructed at 527 after World War II (Lansing State Journal 1945a; Lansing State Journal 1946e). In the 1970s Ezray’s bought a former gas station next door at 539 East Cesar E. Chavez and built an addition that connected the two buildings, remaining in business until 1993 (Lansing State Journal 1993).

Common and essential to newly-founded towns and villages were hardware stores. These stores provided the tools and implements necessary to run businesses, farms, and homes. Several hardware stores were located in the historic district over the years, clustering primarily on Turner Street. The September 21, 1871, Lansing State Republican newspaper reported that by that time there were three such stores located in North Lansing. Significant extant buildings associated with the hardware trade include 1250 Turner, 1216-1218 Turner, 1215 Turner, and 1221 Turner.

Perhaps the earliest extant building is the building known early on as the Union Block, located at 1215 Turner. This building has been “occupied by a hardware store since it was built,” with several sources suggesting that hardware stores located here from the mid-1880s, and possibly as early as the 1870s, into the 1930s. Sanborn maps indicate this building housed a hardware store by 1885, which continued in editions through 1906, and city directories reveal that C. L. Sattler & Co. had a hardware store here in 1887. Various concerns offered their hard wares from this storefront until Fred A. Egeler closed the store in 1932 because of ill health (Lansing State Journal 1930q; Lansing State Journal 1933d).

Also significant among hardware providers in North Lansing was the Dunham Hardware Company, established in the late 1880s by Paul E. and William Dunham, father and son. Dunham Hardware operated out of 1216-1218 Turner street from the time the building was constructed in the late 1890s until the business moved to 1250 Turner in 1912, when E. C. Dunham ran the company. It is possible that the store at 1216-1218 was designed by Darius Moon. City directories suggest that the Dunham company operated out of 1242 Turner (demolished) between 1906 and 1912, suggesting that they left the 1216-1218 building after about twenty years (Lansing State Journal 1912h; MacLean 2015: 294-96).

Victuals, Confections, and Restaurants

In September 1871 the Lansing State Republican reported that there were two meat markets and seven groceries operating in North Lansing, second in number only to dry goods. Independent grocery stores and meat markets were key features in North Lansing from its earliest days until well into the 1920s, when national chains such as Kroger and A & P began to make their appearance in the district. The grocery stores were spread throughout the business district. Some were in operation for many years, and others only a few. Those successful operations drew customers not only from the surrounding neighborhoods, but from across the city. Many of the earliest groceries were operated by German immigrants or their descendants, while a number of later, twentieth-century markets were established by Italian immigrants. Restaurants appear to have increased in number through the decades as the economy diversified through the twentieth

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State century, yet former groceries and markets are a defining feature of North Lansing, and witness to the history and development of the district.

One of the earliest identified markets was located at 106 East Cesar E. Chavez. Sanborn maps indicate this building housed a meat market prior to 1892. It may have been owned by William F. Rouse, who is identified as operating such a store here in later state gazetteers until 1907. The building was later operated as a grocery by Gustave C. Kopietz, who relocated here from 308 East Cesar E. Chavez circa 1915. Kopietz remained here until 1924 when he moved to 1133 North Washington. The building was later bought by Frank A. Rouse, who advertised the grand opening of his “really modern grocery store” in 1930. Rouse remained here until 1949 (Lansing State Journal 1922d, Lansing State Journal 1959c, Lansing State Journal 1930w). Any connection between Frank Rouse and William Rouse is unclear.

Another early building is the former store of John Affeldt & Sons at 303-305 East Cesar E. Chavez. This store replaced an earlier frame building used by Affeldt and his brother, Fred, from the early 1880s to 1890. In 1924, the Affeldt & Sons “doubled its space by building an addition at 305 East Grand River Avenue . . . devoted to the grocery and green stuff business,” where they remained in business into the 1950s (Lansing State Journal 1930d).

The building at 208 East Cesar E. Chavez began as a grocery in 1888 when Judson A. Parsons and William H. Horton established Parsons & Horton there. A series of grocery firms followed until the mid-1920s, when the Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. (A&P) No. 10 store was established in 1925. A&P remained here through 1941, with a second store at 511 East Cesar E. Chavez from 1927 through 1935, as national chains moved in to the Lansing market, followed by the Kroger Co. two years later.

Frank F. and Charles W. Reck opened a grocery as the Reck Bros. in 1889 (apparently at 310 East Cesar E. Chavez, according to the 1898 city directory; demolished). The grocery prospered, and in 1900 they built “one of the most substantial business blocks in the north commercial district” at 307 East Cesar E. Chavez. The firm remained in business in the family until it closed in 1937 (Lansing State Journal 1913c).

One of the more significant grocery-related buildings in the district is the Preuss Building No. 1 at 308 East Cesar E. Chavez, which housed a market for over half a century. Established as early as 1911 by Frank Preuss, the market was purchased and operated by Gustave Kopietz for several years, before returning to the Preuss family as the Star Market, which operated until 1956. The building continued to house various markets into the late 1960s. Preuss expanded into 311 East Cesar E. Chavez with his wholesale meat production operation. Preuss’s growing business led to the construction of a twenty-vehicle garage at 1125 North Washington that he had built to house his delivery vehicles and a repair shop (Lansing State Journal 1924i).

Notable for its association with the Italian presence in North Lansing is the Celetino Building at 516-520 East Cesar E. Chavez. The “Watermelon King,” Paul Celetino, operated a grocery and fruit market here fifty-five years. Celetino expanded the building in 1936. The building was

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State expanded again in 1946, this time by Celetino’s sons, and was converted to a restaurant soon thereafter (Lansing State Journal 1936f; Lansing State Journal 1946g; Lansing State Journal 1982; Lansing State Journal 1984).

Unique among market buildings is 1250 Turner. This building held the short-lived Lansing Cooperative Association General Store, built circa 1880. The store was one of several around the state established by the Grange after the organization determined that middle men were taking a large cut between the producer and the farmer and that cooperative stores would reduce prices for its rural members, “as a result the state was dotted with grange stores” most of which had gone out of existence by the 1890s, the “North Lansing institution was one of the last” (Detroit Free Press 1894: 3).

Other buildings housing markets, bakeries, confectionaries, and restaurants in the district over the years include the A. P. Walker Buildings at 1131, 1133, and 1135 North Washington; the buildings at 1213, 1218, and 1221 Turner; and 317 East Cesar E. Chavez. Bakeries and confectionaries occupied the buildings at 106, 121, and 311 East Cesar E. Chavez and 1207 Turner.

Unique among these buildings in the district is the Tastee Freez Building at 314 East Cesar E. Chavez. This building was built as a Tastee Freez around 1951 and is still a dairy bar today over sixty-seven years later. Tastee Freez was billed as “American’s fastest growing chain” of soft serve ice cream stores. Soft serve ice cream had been introduced in the United States in 1939. After World War II the industry expanded rapidly, and by 1954 some nine thousand such stores existed across the United States. The Tastee Freez in North Lansing was one of six hundred that existed in 1953, and one of two that opened in Lansing in 1951. By 1954 six Tastee Freez franchises were located around greater Lansing. It is unclear how long the building was affiliated with the Tastee Freez corporation, but by the late 1980s local newspaper articles associate Charles B. and Donna R. Tate with the store. Then, in November 1989, a building permit was issued to Donna Tate, and in May, 1990, Charles Tate had registered a new business, Tate’s Freeze, at this location. In 2009 the business changed names to Arctic Corner, which it retains in 2018, and soft serve ice cream continues to be sold here.

Automobile Sales and Service

The automobile, still a rare sight in 1910, became a ubiquitous form of transportation for long as well as short-distance travel by the 1920s. As a result, state and local governments pushed programs of road improvement during those years. Michigan’s 1905 law establishing the state highway department also initiated a system of state support for road improvement. A 1913 act began the development of a state trunkline system, authorizing financial incentives to local governments for reconstructing roads to meet state standards, and a 1919 act provided for “the construction and maintenance of trunk line roads by the State Highway Department” (Eighth Biennial Report, 7). What is Cesar E. Chavez Avenue today was a section of State Route M-43.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The developments in road development corresponded with an increase in automobile ownership. Automobile-related buildings appeared in the district in the early 1910s, and continued to increase in number as the years went by. Garages, filling stations, and dealerships all occupied buildings in the district. Significant extant examples include the KRIT Auto Sales Co. Building at 1236-1238 Turner, the Dean and Harris Ford dealership building at 410-412 East Cesar E. Chavez, and the National Register-listed Pulver Brothers Filling Station at 127 West Cesar E. Chavez. Other buildings, such as 1207 Turner and 1208-1210 Turner and 1213 Center, housed automobile-related businesses for various lengths of time.

Professional Organizations and Services

The district contains several buildings related to the growth of professional services and organizations. The Michigan Education Association Building at 935 North Washington, designed by Warren Holmes-Power Co., housed the largest single public employee union in the state and the third largest education association in the United States from 1928 until it relocated to a modern building in 1964 (MEA 2018).

The growth of professional organizations and services are reflected in the mid-century buildings constructed for the Michigan Congress of Parents & Teachers Associations Building (MCPTA) at 1011 North Washington and the Pioneer Mutual Insurance Company Building (PMI) at 1034 North Washington. The MCPTA building was designed by the notable Lansing architectural firm of Manson, Jackson, Wilson & Kane and constructed in 1960. The building was constructed at a time of growth for the organization. The MCPTA remained here until 2006, when it sold the building (Lansing State Journal 1960c; Lansing State Journal 2006). The PMI building was likewise constructed during a time of growth for the company. The company merged with the State Mutual Insurance Company of Michigan in 1967 to form Pioneer State Mutual Insurance Company. The company relocated thereafter to Flint, Michigan, some fifty miles to the northeast of Lansing.

While downtown Lansing housed most of the city’s banks, the North Lansing business district had a few banking offices of its own, beginning with a “private banking and exchange office” in the early 1870s (Durant 1880: 148).

The early 1900s through the start of the Great Depression in 1929, was a golden age of bank architecture in America. Bankers and their architects created substantial bank buildings that would signal to the banking customer that their money was safe and the bank was permanent. High-style architecture and expensive materials reinforced this message (Chicago Landmarks 2012: 3). Two surviving former bank buildings standing in North Lansing illustrate this trend and reflect the area’s economic vitality in the 1920s: the Bank of Lansing Building at 329 East Cesar E. Chavez, and the American State Savings Bank Building at 226 East Cesar E. Chavez.

The Bank of Lansing established in 1928 and was headquartered in the building here in North Lansing before moving in 1932 to its landmark building in downtown Lansing at Michigan and

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Washington (Lansing Centennial Year 1959: 67). After the move of the bank’s headquarters, this building continued to serve as a bank branch for over half a century, at least into the 1980s.

The American State Savings Bank Building tells a different story. It was built as a branch bank between 1929 and 1930 at 226 East Cesar E. Chavez, at the corner of Factory Street. Although occupied by a bank for only about one year, it was reported that it occupied a lot that had been used for banking longer than any other in the city (Lansing State Journal 1930h). Its abrupt closing in 1930, however, is witness to the Great Depression’s economic impact in cities across the United States. Though American State Savings Bank emerged later as Bank & Trust (Lansing Centennial Year 1959: 64), the bank’s North Lansing branch, built at the end of the economic boom of the 1920s, closed in 1931. The building remained vacant for several years, and never again housed a bank (Kestenbaum 1981: 98), yet has retained its high-style, classical character.

Throughout its history, North Lansing offered temporary accommodations for travelers and other transient individuals. In fact, Lansing’s “first hotel, in any sense of the word,” was a large log house erected in the district by John Burchard in 1843 (about the same time he also built the city’s first mill and dam in Lower Town), that apparently accommodated visitors. Located northwest of the intersection of Center and Maple streets, it was later enlarged and called the Grand River House. Between 1843 and 1913 several other hotels were constructed (and ultimately demolished) in the district. The only surviving hotel in the district is the Hotel Digby, or Digby Hotel, built in 1912-13 at 401-405 East Cesar E. Chavez (and expanded by an addition to 407 in 1922-1923), which still serves transients today, over a century after its construction. This Digby Hotel appears to have replaced an older Digby Hotel on Turner Street, which may for a period also have been the Yerkes Hotel, and was constructed on land donated by the North Side Commercial Club (Lansing State Journal 1912a).

INDUSTRY

North Lansing is the oldest part of Lansing, settled years before the city was designated as the state’s capital city. Likewise, industrial development of North Lansing also occurred prior to Lansing becoming the state capital. North Lansing was the site of the first dam and sawmill in the city, and soon emerged as a mill and mercantile center. Lansing’s earliest industry was located along the Grand River in this “Lower Town” settlement. In 1843 and 1844, John Burchard had constructed a dam across the Grand River south of today’s Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and begun construction of a mill, which, after Burchard’s death that same year, was finished by James Seymour. The mill race east of the dam (now filled in) carried north under Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and emptied back to the river two blocks below the dam, becoming the location of a number of other industries: a second flour mill, a wool carding and wool cleaning plant, a saw mill over the dam on the east side of the river and another on the west side. The significance of this development was recognized by the fact that by 1859, and possibly as early as the Original Plat for the Town of Michigan, Factory Street was named for its development potential. It extended south of what is now East Cesar E. Chavez to Water Street (later Wall and

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State today Maple Street), what today is the eastern portion of a parking lot along the west side of a railroad spur in East Burchard Park (DLRA 2018a; ICHC 2004; Schneider and Sommers 1986).

Lansing’s earliest foundry was established in the north end in 1848 in a small operation owned by Turner & Crossman, followed in 1857 by a foundry and machine shop operated by James, Richard and George Turner. They were located on the west side of the former Race Street south of 200 block of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, near the Robert P. Busby Memorial Bridge. By the 1850s, the foundry was joined by a carding mill. In 1863, the Turner foundry equipment was acquired and moved to the location of the Cady, Glassbrook & Co., east of the river south of E. Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, which did a general foundry and machine shop business, job work and repairs, and manufactured farm engines. In 1866 the Lansing Woolen Mills was established along the Grand River by E. Parmalee & Co., and although it burned in 1877, it was replaced by the Carmer, Parmalee & Co. flour mill (Cowles 1905: 88; Durant 1880: 134-136).

In the Lansing State Republican newspaper on September 21, 1871, North Lansing’s industrial interests are described as including a hub factory, a seed drill manufacturer, two barrel and stave “manufacturies,” four wagon and carriage shops, four blacksmith shops, twelve shingle mills, an iron-foundry (which made iron fronts for buildings and the “Thresher”), a woolen mill (steam- and water-powered), a chair “manufactury,” two saw mills (one water-powered, one steam- powered), a plaster mill, a grist mill, a wool work manufactury," and two breweries (Kern 1976).

These formed the industrial heart of Lansing and for a period the city was one of the leading manufacturing centers in this part of the state. Other buildings were built to sell the manufactured products and to service the large numbers of men employed by the plants, including a hotel (Schneider and Sommers 1986). The North Lansing mills, on both sides of the river along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue were important in the region from the earliest times. They provided much of the wood for the plank road from the North Lansing industrial and commercial district to Detroit (Lansing State Journal 1936a).

After the recession of 1875 two of the more prominent businesses built in North Lansing were Meade's flour mill and chair factory and A.N. Hart's flour mill (Kern 1976). Several other nineteenth century companies manufactured agricultural implements. The earlier Cady, Glassbrook & Co. along the river and former mill race behind 212 East Cesar E. Chavez (formerly 1131 Race) in North Lansing was joined by such firms as the Rork Brothers (James and Michael), who sold agricultural implements and windmills, at 115 East Cesar E. Chavez in the 1890s through the first decades of the twentieth century, the Korff Manufacturing Co. along the railroad spur at the rear of 1213 Center, the small building along the rail siding at 306 Clinton, and the Central Welding Co. at 1120-22 North Washington. . The last prominent development of industry in North Lansing was the founding of the Auto Body Co. by Harris E. Thomas and Lawrence Price in 1901. The company built a large factory complex extending north from East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue (the 200 block) north along the Grand River (demolished). It became a major employer on the city’s north side, and produced bodies for Lansing’s automobile manufacturers until the 1920s, when those companies

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State transitioned to producing their own auto bodies (Darling 1950: 159). Some of the factories described above benefited from this large concern. After the early twentieth century, North Lansing’s industrial prominence declined. As the centers of business and manufacturing moved to the Washington-Michigan corridor and to the outlying, suburban areas, North Lansing became increasingly isolated. Additionally, over time the mill buildings burned or were demolished, and the mill race was not used for power after 1927.

Today, the district lacks the active industrial and manufacturing firms of a century ago, but several surviving buildings illustrate the district’s, and indeed the city’s, industrial history.

Among the most significant extant buildings are those associated with the Cady-Glassbrook Factory at 212 East Cesar E. Chavez (1131 Race Street), the Korff Manufacturing Company Building at 1209-1213 Center (rear) and 317 East Cesar E. Chavez, and the buildings associated with brothers James and Michael Rork at 115-117 and 114-116 East Cesar E. Chavez. Other, smaller industrial concerns operated from buildings at 306 Clinton Street and 1120-1122 North Washington Avenue.

In 1885 the Lansing State Journal in describing the city’s early industry stated, “there was none more important than the machine shop and foundry of the Cady, Glassbrook & Co.,” and in 1919 the newspaper stated that this building was reputed to be the oldest standing factory building in the city (Ibid; H Inc. 2017). The oldest sections of this building housed industrial firms for over a century. After the Panic of 1873, William W. Hildreth entered into partnership with the Glassbrook Foundry& Machine Shop, which was located here along the mill race. In 1893, Hildreth joined Curtis W. Cady and Ned Hildreth to form Cady & Hildreth, producing the first marine gas engine to be built in Lansing. Hildreth bought out Cady and formed the Hildreth Motor & Pump Co., which moved to larger facilities on Sheridan Street about the time it became Hildreth Manufacturing Co. in 1908. Among its products were early castings for the REO Motor Car Co. (MacLean 2015: 230). Subsequently, the building continued to house industrial and manufacturing concerns into the 1960s. Occupants generally produced automobile products into the late 1930s (Lansing State Journal 1923c), and later sold furnaces, as well as skylights, metal roofing, ventilators, cornices and eave troughs (Lansing State Journal 1927e; Lansing State Journal 1943a). After a series of short-term industrial and manufacturing occupants into the 1960s the building was later occupied by non-industrial tenants. In 1999 the building was purchased and renovated, and now provides office space to a number of professional service firms (Lansing State Journal 2017a). Severe deterioration resulted in a substantial rebuilding, but the historical appearance of the building has been retained through the use of as much historic materials as possible, including brickwork and timbers.

The Korff Manufacturing Company Building, at 1209-1213 Center and 317 East Cesar E. Chavez, was constructed sometime between 1906 and 1913. City directories and local newspapers confirm that the Korff company operated here from about 1915 through 1942, when the company sold the land and building to the Airwasher Corporation. The Korff Manufacturing Company was established by Francis J. Korff in the early 1900s to produce sled runners and casket display racks (Lansing State Journal 1957b). In 1908, Korff had received a patent for a

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State “sleigh runner attachment for vehicles,” which his firm produced with the casket racks until he left the company in 1916 (Lansing State Journal 1953d). In 1921 he was awarded a patent for a “snubber,” a device attached to an automobile frame to keep the body from bounding, when he was employed by the Reo Motor Car Co. engineering division, and had “perfected a number of mechanical work savers which have had a national sale” (Hub 1908: 333; MMFR 1921: 15). His 1959 obituary stated he had been employed by the Reo Motors experimental department for forty-three years before retiring. In 1909, after the Wright Brothers flew at Kitty Hawk, Korff gained fame for developing the first twin engine model airplane, disproving the prevailing standard that only single engine planes could fly because twin engines could not be synchronized. This reportedly influenced Ransom E. Olds, of the Reo Motors Company, at the time to seriously consider retooling his automobile plant to manufacture airplanes. Although Reo Motors never constructed aircraft, Korff continued to work for Reo and helped design the company’s automobiles until they were discontinued in 1936, and was the first engineer assigned when the company’s lawnmower division was established in 1946. Among his other inventions were baby buggy runners, a machine to separate gold from sand, a windshield wiper stabilizer during World War II, and with Reo general manager, R. S. Sherer, the Reo lawnmower (Lansing State Journal 1957b; Lansing State Journal 1959a). By 1949 the company was producing eight thousand lawnmowers per month.

Korff was joined in the building by the Fry Plating Works from 1934 through 1940. The Fry Plating Works was organized in November 1934 by George and Ben Fry. George Fry may have been “the first man to put on chromium plating and [who] drove the first automobile with chromium plated parts” (Lansing State Journal 1935i). The Fry works shared space in the Korff factory, “the first time in the history of local industry that an exclusive plating business has been located here.” There, the company engaged in “all kinds of custom plating, including… headlights, bumpers and radiator shells, and surgical instruments” (Lansing State Journal 1934j; Lansing State Journal 1935i).

The building at 115-117 East Cesar E. Chavez was constructed in 1898 for the farm implement manufactory of James and Michael J. Rork. For many years the Rork brothers produced windmills, stock racks and wagon boxes for area farms, before James retired in 1912 (Lansing State Journal 1922b). James Rork’s Central Welding Company was also listed at this address. After James Rork retired, the Central Welding Company was sold to Tilden and Floyd Taylor. Michael Rork continued in the farm implements business from his small factory across the street at 114-116 East Cesar E. Chavez, from 1913 through 1928. In 1919 the Lansing State Journal reported that Couchois Bros. & Joy, a building material firm formed by partners Clifford, Frank, and Eugene Couchois and William H. Joy (also associated with Korff Manufacturing), had leased the Rork windmill and tank factory building and moved in equipment to produce sash, doors, frames, screens, and for glass and glazing (Lansing State Journal 1919a). The Couchois Bros. & Joy occupied much of the M. D. Rork Mfg. Co. factory from 1920 through 1922, followed by other short-term manufacturers through the 1920s, but Rork continued to occupy the basement, where the “pioneer manufacturer of windmills, tanks and pumps” would “not retire from the field where he has supplied his lines for forty years” (Lansing State Journal 1920d). Michael Rork’s obituary, when he died at age 90 in 1951, stated he had been a resident of

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Other notable buildings in the historic district associated with industrial activities often housed smaller operations, or housed companies for a short duration of time. For example, the Willard Multi-Tool Company was located at 306 Clinton Street for just one year, between 1921 and 1922. The company produced a patented multi-tool, “26 tools in one – all practical” (Lansing State Journal 1921a) that was advertised nationally (Hardware Retailer Bulletin 1922; National Nurseryman 1922). Similarly, when the Taylor brothers acquired the Central Welding Company from James Rork in 1912, the company was moved to 1120-1122 North Washington Avenue. It remained there until 1918, when it moved again, this time to 1242-1248 Turner Street (demolished).

SOCIAL HISTORY

Americans, particularly in the post-Civil War years and well into the twentieth century, founded an array of clubs, lodges, and benevolent associations for a wide range of cultural, social, educational, and political purposes. These organizations offered a sense of association and belonging, offered educational and cultural opportunities, and provided social status to its members. Benevolent societies provided concrete assistance in times of trouble by providing sick benefits and funeral expenses, among other benefits. Fraternal and other social organizations in Lansing date back to the earliest days of the city, and some North Lansing buildings were commonly identified by the names of the organizations that held their meetings in the upper floors.

Nationally the post-Civil War years were a time not only of massive expansion for older fraternal organizations, such as the Masons and Odd Fellows, but also for the founding of new ones. During what is now referred to as the Golden Age of Fraternalism, from about 1870 to 1910, fraternal organizations rose to prominence in the United States, and attracted members for their beneficiary practices, secret nature, and fraternal element. These organizations were known for charitable acts toward its members, including caring for the sick, supporting windows and orphans, offering life insurance, and providing a means of creating and fostering social ties. Insurance, however, was particularly attractive to working-class members, as they had no other way of obtaining such benefits (McBride 2005).

Throughout the later nineteenth and into the early twentieth century mutual benefit societies and associations proliferated in response to the needs of the day. These organizations not only provided opportunity for social connection and recreation, some also offered insurance plans for members by which dues provided some form of life, funeral, or injury or sickness insurance. Mutual benefit associations were particularly popular at a time when industrial accidents were frequent, governmental oversight of working conditions was weak or absent, and company provisions for injured or sick workers was inadequate or non-existent. W. S. Harwood, a turn- of-the-century author on many topics, estimated that by 1896 fraternal orders held a combined membership of more than five million men and women and comprised of one-eighth to one-fifth

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Although popularity of these organizations peaked in the early twentieth century, they continued to have a strong presence in communities like Lansing through the mid-twentieth century. In Lansing, generally, and North Lansing, specifically, the Freemasons, the Knights of Pythias, and the Knights of the Maccabees were all still operating in the mid-twentieth century. However, fraternalism declined across the country in the late twentieth century, and by the turn of the twenty-first century membership of surviving organizations had hit an all-time low (Gray n.d.).

Other social organizations were established to promote preservation and celebration of the heritage of specific nationalities or ethnic groups.

The early city directories reveal there were several “halls” along East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and North Washington Avenue during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. These halls were located in the upper stories of commercial blocks, and many fraternal and social organizations had meeting places in them at specified regular times, weekly or monthly. Some have been demolished, but others still stand in the historic district. Among these early buildings, along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue is the Masonic Hall at 208 East Cesar E. Chavez, the Knights of the Maccabees (K.O.T.M.), who met in the hall at 1250 Turner, and the Odd Fellows as well as Woodmen of the World (W.O.W.), Mystic Workers of America (M.W.A.), the Loyal Order of the Moose, and Ancient Order of Gleaners, who all met for various periods in a hall above 115- 117 East Cesar E. Chavez. The most prominent fraternal building in North Lansing is the Odd Fellows Temple built in 1914 on North Washington Avenue. Other groups that did not have their own designated halls met regularly in rented halls in the upper floors of these commercial buildings. Some buildings had halls in their upper floors that may have been rented out for specific events but that weren’t used by fraternal groups, and sometimes the use of such halls by fraternal groups cannot be clearly identified. In some cases a single hall may have been used by one or more of the smaller groups at the same time.

International Order of Odd Fellows

Michigan Lodge No. 1 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.) was established in Detroit in 1843. Odd Fellowship thrived in industrialized Michigan, because it had an open membership that contrasted with qualifications required for the Masons. In 1851 the I.O.O.F. became the first national fraternal organization to accept both men and women when it formed the Daughters of Rebekah. The I.O.O.F. grew quickly after the Civil War in response to industrialization and deteriorating social conditions. One of the attractions of membership was that most Odd Fellows lodges offered financial benefits for sick and distressed members. From

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State the end of the Civil War to about 1920, known as the "Golden Age of Fraternalism" in America, the Odd Fellows had lodges in every state and became the largest national fraternal organization. During this period, in 1903 the Michigan Odd Fellows founded the Odd Fellows Home of Michigan in Jackson, to take care of indigent Odd Fellows, their wives, widows, orphans and Rebekahs. By 1895 there were 23,447 Odd Fellows in Michigan, and 788,968 nationally. Membership rose to 30,120 in Michigan and 910,128 nationwide in 1901. Odd Fellows membership reached its peak in 1920 at about 1.7 million members. Membership declined as public agencies increasingly addressed social needs during the Great Depression and the decades after. By 1960 membership was about one-half that of its 1920 peak (Gray 2015; Ross 1916: 12, 425, 559; Tabbert 2003; Barry 2007; Atwood 2008: 6; Fraternalresearch 2012; New York World 1896: 297, New York World 1902: 327).

Lansing’s Odd Fellows were first organized in 1850 when Capital Lodge No. 45 was organized. A second Odd Fellows lodge, Protection Lodge No. 321, was established in North Lansing in 1878 (Durant 1880: 155; Lansing State Journal 1914k; Darling 1950: 246). They met early on at 308 Franklin Street (East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue), and, at the turn of the twentieth century, the I.O.O.F. Protection Lodge No. 321 met in their hall in the second story of the Rork Building at 115-117 East Cesar E. Chavez. After attempts at a union lodge for all Lansing Odd Fellows fell through and the landlord raised the rent for their hall, Protection Lodge decided to build its own temple on land they had acquired at the corner of North Washington and East Maple (Lansing State Journal 1913i). By 1908 several other I.O.O.F lodges had been established in the city, all of which appear to have met in the North Lansing hall, except for the Grand Lodge of Michigan, which had its headquarters in Room 7 of the Lansing City Hall.

Construction of the I.O.O.F. Temple at 1100 North Washington began in 1914 from plans provided by Lansing architect J. N. Churchill (Lansing State Journal 1914i). The Lansing State Journal article describing the 1914 cornerstone laying for this “handsome new building” stated it would accommodate all 350 members and was the “first strictly fraternal building that this part of the city has ever had.” The building had two separate suites of rooms, one for use by the Protection Lodge, the other for use by the Gleaner Rebekah Lodge No. 74, as well as spacious lodge rooms, a convenient kitchen and dining room, “roomy” parlors and reading rooms, billiard and pool “apartments,” and a “good-sized auditorium” for dances and public gatherings (Lansing State Journal 1914j). Although completed a year earlier, the formal dedication of the new building did not take place until October 1915, because of delays in the delivery of “special furniture” (Lansing State Journal 1915o). The fraternal groups that met here before the temple was sold in the early 1970s include I.O.O.F. Temple, Protection Lodge No. 321 (I.O.O.F.), Maccabees Lodge No. 164, Maccabees Lodge No. 162,Daughters of America, Lansing Lodge No. 522 (I.O.O.F.), Lansing Rebekah Lodge No. 543, Canton Lodge No. 2 (I.O.O.F.), Canton Lodge No. 2 Ladies Auxiliary, Gleaners Rebekah Lodge No. 74, Capital City Court No. 12 Amaranth, Sunbeam Hive No. 164 (Maccabees), Central Hive No. 162 (Maccabees), Canton Capital City Lodge No. 2 (I.O.O.F.), Ladies Auxiliary (I.O.O.F.), Bethel No. 58 (Job’s Daughters), and Royal Arcanum Franklin Council No. 211.

Free and Accepted Masons

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One of the earliest and more prominent fraternal groups in the United States as well as in Lansing was the Masons, whose members formed several orders simultaneously. The Masons established their first lodge in Michigan in Detroit in 1764 and a grand lodge for the state in 1826. The Masonic order was first established in the Lansing by the organization of Lansing Lodge No. 33, Free and Accepted Masons (F. & A. M.), in 1848, with many of the most prominent residents of the city as charter members. Several chapters were eventually organized and by 1880, “all the Masonic bodies, except Covenant Lodge No. 261, at North Lansing, have occupied rooms jointly.” The North Lansing lodge had been established in 1869 and was later absorbed by Lodge No. 33, which is still active today on Weber Road in Lansing (Durant 1880: 149; Darling 1950: 245; Lansing State Journal 1955c).

Knights of the Maccabees

The Knights of the Maccabees (K.O.T.M.) was initially founded in London, Ontario, Canada, in 1878, and was established to care for windows and orphans. Over time, the K.O.T.M. expanded their offerings to provide life insurance to its members (Argus Foundation). New chapters “sprang up everywhere like mushrooms,” both in Canada and several of the United States, and by 1881 the structures and finances of the organization were no longer sufficient to govern. The entire order being “thrown into chaos” (Knights of the Maccabees 1889). Having grown faster than its leadership could manage, a reorganization meeting was held in 1880 in Buffalo, New York. Consternation over changes to the order’s constitution and business methods caused a schism that resulted in a brief separation into American and Canadian Maccabee organizations, although some Canadian Tents (or chapters) remained with the American body (K.O.T.M. 1889).

Michigan had a substantial K.O.T.M. membership in these early years, and led by Nathaniel S. Boynton, of Port Huron, the state’s members organized the Great Camp of Michigan to lead the “tent” branches throughout the state. In 1881 the Michigan legislature passed Public Act 143, which provided for the incorporation of “subordinate tents of the Knights of the Maccabees of the World (State of Michigan Legislative Council, 1881). The Great Camp was headquartered first in Port Huron, later in Detroit, and ultimately in Southfield, Michigan, with each of the cities serving as site of the “Supreme Tent,” or national headquarters for the K.O.T.M. Membership remained particularly large in Michigan, with one-third of the total membership residing in the Wolverine state at one time (Phoenixmasonry 2018). In fact, by 1897, the Knights of the Maccabees had a membership of more than 217,000 across the United States, and by 1899, the K.O.T.M. was the largest fraternal organization in Michigan with more than sixty-three thousand members, far surpassing the Freemasons (about thirty-seven thousand members) and the Odd Fellows (about twenty-five thousand members). In 1914, the name of the organization was simplified to the Maccabees.

Both the North Lansing Central Hive No. 162 and Sunbeam Hive No. 164 of the Ladies of the Modern Maccabees were established in 1892 (Darling 1950: 251). The K.O.T.M. North Lansing Tent No. 631 met at the K.O.T.M. Hall on Franklin Avenue and the William Tell Tent met at the K.O.T.M. Hall in North Lansing (Chilson & McKinley 1908: 19; Lansing State Journal 1955d).

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The K.O.T.M. met in their halls at 1250 Turner in the 1890s and at 307½ East Cesar E. Chavez in the early 1900s, and in the 1960s apparently used the I.O.O.F. building at 1100 North Washington.

Other Fraternal Organizations

In addition to the Odd Fellows, the Masons, and the Knights of the Maccabees, a few other fraternal organizations met in North Lansing, some for many years. The Loyal Order of Moose, founded in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1888, chartered a lodge in Lansing in 1911. Lansing Lodge No. 288 met in the building at 115 East Cesar E. Chavez from the late 1930s through the 1970s. At its peak, more than 850 individuals were members of the Lansing Moose lodge.

Other fraternal or social groups, less numerous in membership, also had a presence in North Lansing during the period of significance. These include the Mystic Workers of America whose chapter No. 1091 met in the Maccabee Hall in the early 1920s (at that time possibly 307½ East Cesar E. Chavez), and at 117½ East Cesar E. Chavez in the 1920s and 1930s; the Woodmen of the World, whose Lansing chapter was organized in 1896 at the K.O.T.M. Hall, met in 117½ East Cesar E. Chavez in the 1910s and early 1920s (Lansing State Journal 1921j), both fraternal benefits organizations that provided insurance to their members.(exonumia 2017). The Ancient Order of the Gleaners also met at 117 1/2 East Cesar E. Chavez. The Gleaners were founded in 1894 in Caro, Michigan, to provide support for farmers and agricultural interests, and later became the Gleaner Life Insurance Company. The Gleaners met in North Lansing into the late 1930s.

The American Legion was chartered in 1919 as a patriotic veterans’ organization that focused on service to members and communities. By August 1920, Michigan had forty-five posts with over two thousand members (Brown 2007: 11). Lansing’s Capitol City Post #116 was formed in 1934 and during the 1940s met at 200-202 East Cesar E. Chavez, where they operated a veteran’s home, club, and social recreation center (Darling 1950: 268; Lansing State Journal 1944b).

Social and Business Organizations

Social and fraternal organizations were not the only such organizations to meet in North Lansing. The North Side Commercial Club was organized in the early 1900s by North Lansing businesspeople to promote good fellowship among the merchants of North Lansing and to “back any civic venture in Lansing – and especially in North Lansing.” To that end, the group pushed for a city market for local farmers to sell their wares by blocking off Turner Street twice a week to demonstrate that such a market could succeed. In response, the city constructed a farmer’s market (no longer extant) at North Grand Avenue and Shiawassee Street (outside of the district). The club later raised funds for a new hotel (Digby Hotel), supported the construction of a new bridge across the Grand River, and campaigned to have the old mill race filled in (Lansing State Journal 1912a; Ashlee 2005: 168; Historic Bridges 2017). In the first years of the club, meetings were held in the stores and businesses of some of its members. By the early 1920s, however, the

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State group established a permanent home at 313 1/2 East Cesar E. Chavez. The North Side Commercial Club remained there into the 1970s.

The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry was founded in Washington, D.C., in 1867 with the objectives of advancing methods of agriculture and to promote the social and economic well-being of farmers in the United States (National Grange 2018; Gilder Lehrman 2017). Farmers organized and the movement spread rapidly through the farm belt in response to economic crises such as the Panic of 1873, monopolistic railroad fees and perceived government indifference. The Grange promoted cooperatives in purchasing, banking, and grain elevators. The organization peaked in the early twentieth century, and then declined in membership. . The Grange Building at 1250 Turner was constructed between 1878 and 1880 to serve as the meeting hall and store for the North Lansing chapter of the Patrons of Husbandry, or Grange. The Lansing Cooperative Association General Store was on the first floor and a meeting hall on the third floor. The 1883-1884 Lansing City Directory states that the three-hundred-member Capitol Grange No. 540 met “at their hall,” apparently here (Polk 1883: 32).

An 1895-1896 report of cooperative ventures across the country stated, “three successful or semi-successful stores are left from the wreck of high hopes and ambitious undertakings in Michigan,” in Allegan, Battle Creek, and Lansing (Nebraska Bureau of Labor 1896: 321-322). The Lansing Cooperative Association Patrons of Husbandry general store, was run by the Capitol Grange No. 540. The report noted that the store was “successful until the most recent year” (1895), when sales declined, yet suggested that “present prospects are very encouraging” (Ibid: 322). However, a newspaper report from about that same time stated that the Lansing Cooperative went into receivership, “the business for the past few years being unprofitable” (Detroit Free Press 1894: 3). Grange stores had been started by the organization believing that middle men were taking a large cut between the producer and the farmer and that cooperative stores would reduce prices for its rural members, “as a result the state was dotted with grange stores” most of which had gone out of existence, the “North Lansing institution was one of the last” (Detroit Free Press 1894: 3).

The 1908 city directory indicated the Capitol Grange chapter was still active, but does not provide a meeting place. In 1918, the Lansing grange was meeting in a grange hall on North Washington Avenue (Lansing State Journal 1918g).

The Lansing Liederkranz Society is the oldest male chorus in the city, and may be the oldest ethnic club in Michigan, tracing its roots back to 1868 when a group of twelve men met in the home of Christian Zugler to form a permanent singing society (Lansing State Journal 1935e, Liederkranz 2018; Lansing City Pulse 2018). German singing, gymnastic, and literary societies first appeared in the United States in the mid-1800s on the east coast, carrying on a two-hundred- year tradition that had begun in Germany. As the then-western areas of the country were settled, those societies were transmitted to the interior. The societies not only maintained the traditions and practices of the Fatherland, but also provided a space for community and socialization for both new immigrants and those who had arrived years before.

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German choral societies were established in American cities large and small. The first such society in Michigan, Harmonie, was organized in Detroit on June 1, 1849. Others were established in Detroit, and in cities around the state, including Grand Rapids, Bay City, Saginaw, Jackson, Ann Arbor, and Lansing. These groups were primarily, if not exclusively, male, and often participated in Sängerfest (singing festivals or competitions) around the state and country. In 1877 the Peninsular Sängerbund, or Peninsular Singers Association, was established in Jackson, Michigan (Lorenzkowski 2010, 184), and included many of the singing associations that had been established in the lower part of the state. The bund organized multi-day Sängenfests around the state, and often drew Männerchöre (men’s choruses) from surrounding states and Canadian provinces. Liederkranz of Lansing was a frequent participant in these fests.

Liederkranz constructed its first hall and gardens on North Grand Avenue in 1872. The singing society was one of several Germanic organizations in the city. The Arbeiter Verein (a mutual benefit organization) and Turnverein (gymnastic or athletic association) were located near the Liederkranz building. These organizations played important roles in the social life of Lansing’s German community. Liederkranz, because of its more social nature, and its state and national affiliations, has continued to this day.

A decline in membership during World War I and the effects of Prohibition forced the club to sell its building. By 1933, however, the group was growing once more and considered buying a property in the country before deciding a city property with an upstairs hall, income-producing ground floor, and convenient parking was preferred (Lansing State Journal 1933b). The group acquired the property at 111 East Cesar E. Chavez in North Lansing, after leasing space there for several years. The Liederkranz society was located on the upper floor here from the 1936 until 1957, when it moved to a new building on South Pennsylvania Avenue, about four miles south of North Lansing. This group provides a transition to and complements the district’s German ethnic context, presented in the next section.

ETHNIC HISTORY

Germans

German immigration played a significant part in the settlement and early development of the state of Michigan. John Andrew Russell, writing in 1927, observed that German settlement in the state occurred in “three or four distinct historical arrivals:” first as hired soldiers, second through the westward migration of Germans already in America, third through pre-1848 settlement of immigrants, and fourth, after the 1848 revolution in Germany (Russell 1927: 33). The earliest German colonies were found in Detroit, Ann Arbor, and north of Lansing in Westphalia, Ionia County. In the mid-1800s the state produced promotional pamphlets extolling the state’s virtues as a means to entice European immigrants to settle in its borders. These efforts coupled with the social and economic conditions in mid-nineteenth century Germany, as well as letters home from recent settlers, resulted in German immigration to Michigan “in great volume,” (Russell 1927: 59) and through the rest of the century a great number of German

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State settlements were established around the state. The number of German-born citizens in Michigan increased from nearly 39,000 in 1860 to more than 135,000 by 1890. Incredibly, some 316,000 individuals claimed some or total German ancestry in 1890. By 1920, the number of individuals in the state claiming to be “either actually foreign born, the descendants of one or both German parents, or natives who were the descendants of German grandparents through native-born parents” had reached “about 670,000, though the actual number of foreign-born Germans settling in Michigan had fallen to slightly more than 86,000 (Russell 1927: 61-65).

Russell identifies German settlements in several Michigan counties, noting particularly significant communities in Wayne, Washtenaw, and Saginaw counties, and in the largely Catholic German community of Westphalia, twenty-five northwest of Lansing. Missing from Russell’s work is a meaningful consideration of Germans in Ingham County. He noted only that “Ingham had some early German settlers” (Russell 1927: 96) Yet, in 1923 Franc L. Adams found that several communities and townships within Ingham County were settled in the middle and late nineteenth century by German families “desiring to be with others of their native tongue” and settled in the same localities (Adams 1923: 269), to the extent that, at least in some of these areas, “the German language was about as commonly spoken as the English” (Adams 1923: 395).

The Germans were by far the most numerous ethnic group in North Lansing, and included many of the earliest residents and the most prominent merchants and businesses who built a number of the business blocks in the district. Germans arrived in Lansing “around 1850,” many coming from Washtenaw County (Lansing State Journal 1978a). North Lansing, north of Lapeer Street, was one of the earlier German neighborhoods in the city. In 1855 the fledgling German community established the first German Lutheran church in the city, Emanuel Lutheran Church, at the corner of West Kilborn Street and Seymour Avenue, just west of the historic district. A German Methodist church was constructed on the southeast corner of Seymour Avenue and West Saginaw Street (south of the district) just a few years later. In 1869 fourteen members from Emanuel Lutheran Church left to form the Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Society (Durant 1880: 178). The churches were followed in 1869 by the Liederkranz Society, and later still the Arbeiter Verein in 1875. These two organizations were reportedly joined by a Turnverein and other, smaller organizations. The Liederkranz Hall was first located at 536 North Grand Avenue, where Lapeer Street ends at Grand Avenue today, and the Arbeiter Halle at 608 North Grand Avenue, adjacent to Liederkranz. The area, just south of the historic district, is now part of the Lansing Community College campus. Beer gardens stretched from the buildings to the Grand River to the east, and in the late 1800s, “families gathered under the trees to hear band concerts and the German signing societies and to sip beer” (Lansing State Journal 1930b).

German immigrants established a number of businesses in and around North Lansing, and the names inscribed above the store fronts as well as businesses listed in gazetteers and city directories clearly indicate the substantial German presence. The 1873 State Gazetteer, for example, lists such names as Gottlieb Bauerly, blacksmith, on Center, Baurngrass and Rohrer, painters of North Lansing, Frederick Steinkohl, baker on Cesar E. Chavez, and Gottfried Uebele, grocer on Cesar E. Chavez (Schneider and Sommers 1986:51-52). Durant’s 1880 History of

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Ingham and Eaton Counties, Michigan, notes a wooden block destroyed by fire was located “south of the German block” on Washington Avenue (Durant 1880: 144). Nearby also south of the district, the City Brewery, operated by J. G. Schoettle, was established along the Grand River near the intersection of Jefferson and Washington streets. The larger Grand River Brewery was located south of the City Brewery. It took up the entire block between Madison and Saginaw streets, along Washington Avenue. The Lansing Tannery, operated by J. H. Ziegler was located in the southeast corner of the Grand River Brewery block.

By the 1920s, however, Lansing’s pioneer German population had passed away, and the younger generation had little interest in maintaining their German identity, preferring, instead, to see themselves primarily as Americans. The Arbeiters, due to declining membership, sold their building in the mid-1920s, Liederkranz moved their hall to North Lansing in 1934, and in 1939 both the Arbeiter hall and the original Liederkranz hall were demolished as part of a Works Progress Administration project to construct a new garage for the City of Lansing.

The Liederkranz club moved to 111 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue in North Lansing in the late 1910s. While the Arbeiter Verein ceased operations in 1931, Liederkranz continued to promote German culture, arts, and tradition through song and social gatherings. That Liederkranz chose North Lansing for its second location suggests a strong German community in relative proximity. The building at 111 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue takes on additional significance for its connections to Lansing’s only German social organization in a time when waning interest in the historical traditions resulted in the closure of a number of German societies, not just in Lansing, but throughout the state.

The historic district is also significant for its concentration of buildings that housed businesses operated by German immigrants. While these buildings do not necessarily convey visual signs of a historical German culture, they are indicative of the nearby German neighborhood and tell a significant part of the story of German assimilation into the United States.

This process of assimilation into the great “melting pot” is illustrated by then-Mayor Jacob Reutter’s comments regarding America’s relationship with Germany during World War I. Reutter was quoted as saying, “America is my country; I will defend her, help her and do all that is in my power to keep her from imposition… I, German born, am American at heart.” Reutter’s comments were echoed by Gottlieb Hoelzle, a prominent tailor, who is quoted as saying, “I have not been entirely in sympathy with all of President Wilson’s policies although he is of my political party… While it might be distasteful to support some of his policies, we must do so. We shall have to be loyal.” John Affeldt, Sr. expressed similar sympathies, stating, “I am German born, but came to America when a boy. It is but human nature that I should suffer at the thought of shouldering arms against the land of my birth. But if it should come to that, then I must” (Lansing State Journal 1917e). Each of these men established successful businesses, were active in the community, both the German community and the Lansing community at large, and each left a lasting legacy through the buildings the built and occupied for many years.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Reutter, Hoelzle, and Affeldt had all immigrated to America and settled in Lansing at various times. They, like many others, established businesses based on training they had received in Germany or followed in familial footsteps. Such is the experience of Gustave C. Kopietz, who was trained as a “meat killer, cutter, and sausage-maker” in Hohendorf, Germany. Kopietz first came to Lansing in 1909, eventually settled here, and worked in and operated markets in North Lansing for many years. Kopietz joined the North Side Commercial Club, the I.O.O.F Protection Lodge 321, and the Eagles (Lansing State Journal 1930). Kopietz operated markets out of the Rouse Block, then 1133 North Washington, and later bought a house at 1222 North Washington, just north of the historic district boundary.

The building at 1207 Turner housed a bakery operated by brothers Simon and Phillip Seyfried for a number of years. The Seyfrieds came to Lansing in the 1880s, and operated the bakery from this building until at least 1908, when Simon Seyfried passed away. The Seyfried bakery was a gathering place for local Germans, and “catered largely to the German trade.” Though not a saloon, the establishment offered beer (and perhaps a limited stock of schnapps) with sandwiches and goods from the associated bakery. Rye and limburger sandwiches with beer were among the favorites. On Saturdays in winter Seyfried’s was the meeting place for many of the area’s German farmers and their families. The farmers brought in their wheat to be ground at the North Lansing mills, or delivered surplus wheat to the elevator. While the men were thus engaged, families would shop in the district, and most families would gather at Seyfried’s at noon for a hearty meal and camaraderie (Lansing State Journal 1953a).

The Reutter Building at 302 East Cesar E. Chavez, is significant not only for its long history of commercial activity, but also for its association with Jacob Gottlieb Reutter, “one of Lansing's most prominent German residents.” Reutter immigrated to the United States from Stuttgart, Germany, in 1869, and arrived in Lansing in 1884. Reutter became a meat merchant, and over time founded fifteen businesses in Lansing. He became a leading real estate developer and was president of the Lansing Pure Ice Co., which he founded in 1906 and is still in the family in business today as the Lansing Ice & Fuel Co. Reutter is also significant for his role in city politics and government. Among other positions, he served as Lansing city treasurer in the 1911, and was elected mayor of the City of Lansing for three terms between 1912 and 1917. In 1929 he selected Lansing’s Central Park in which to construct the Reutter Memorial Fountain in honor of his wife, and in 1944, the park was renamed Reutter Park in honor of his years of contributions to Lansing (Lansing State Journal 1923e; Lansing State Journal 1958a; Lansing State Journal 1954b; Lansing City Pulse 2013; Schneider and Sommers 1986: 51-52).

The district includes several extant buildings associated with long-time German residents. Among these are the John Affledt and Sons Building at 303-305 East Cesar E. Chavez, and the building at 304 East Cesar E. Chavez associated with tailoring firm Hoelzle and Sons. Residential buildings include the circa 1870 Gottlieb Bauerly House at 1300 Center, and the pre- 1880 Valentine and Appollonia Luppert House at 515 East Cesar E. Chavez. Bauerly was a blacksmith and operated a shop on Center Street for a number of years. Valentine Luppert is identified as a drayman, and Appollonia a dressmaker. Sources suggest the Bauerly family

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State occupied their house through 1894, while city directories indicate the Luppert family remained in their house until 1908.

ENTERTAINMENT and RECREATION

Saloons, Taverns, and Bars

Founded in the mid-nineteenth century as the center of state government, and assuming an industrial base as a manufacturing town, Lansing had its full share of venues where one could engage in “manly pursuits” – saloons, taverns, and pool halls. As the size and population of the city increased, so too did the number of these establishments, and the saloon became a primary form of recreation for the workingmen – if not captains – of industry. Yet the early history of booze in the Capital City is complicated because the state had passed a local option prohibition law, and measures supporting prohibition were regularly submitted to county voters. In North Lansing, the number of saloons, taverns, and bars waxed and waned over the years as the people of Michigan, and Ingham County specifically, engaged in their indecisive dalliance with the consumption of alcohol.

As early as 1855 the state legislature enacted a prohibition law, but there is scant evidence that it was ever enforced. Public sentiment had shifted strongly in favor of a license law to regulate liquor, resulting in repeal of the 1855 prohibition in 1875, when the legislature enacted the taxing of "the business of manufacturing, selling, or keeping for sale, distilled or malt liquors." In 1887 a statewide plebiscite defeated prohibition as an amendment to the state constitution. That same year the legislature enacted a local option law, giving to the voters in every county the right to decide on prohibition. By 1908 eight of eleven counties holding elections voted to “go dry,” and by 1911, one-half of Michigan counties passed prohibition laws. In 1916 a statewide referendum passed by a large majority, and on May 1, 1918, Michigan went dry – almost two years before national prohibition went into effect (Dunbar and May 1980: 470).

Prohibition was enforced by local option in Ingham County in 1910, leading to the shuttering of fifty-two saloons in the county (State Archives 2018). This local prohibition was repealed in 1912, but the county went “dry” again in 1914, prior to statewide Prohibition enacted in Michigan in 1918, and as Federal law in 1919. As a result, saloons, taverns, and night clubs faded from the scene. Although Prohibition was repealed in 1933, the Great Depression of the 1930s kept the opening of new bars to a minimum. The places that did open were fewer in number and were not identified as saloons, but as taverns and beer gardens.

By 1871, North Lansing had just three saloons (Kern 1976), but, over the years, the numbers continued to increase. By 1885 saloons were found on Center Street, East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, and Turner Street, and by 1892 there were nearly ten saloons in the historic district (note that most are gone, except for a cluster on Turner Street).

In 1912 a group of citizens petitioned the Lansing Common Council to issue a “license to conduct a saloon” here to Benjamin Vollmer, who owned the building and fixtures and had

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State conducted a saloon there for seven years, “having always conducted a clean, law-abiding place” (Lansing State Journal 1912f). Vollmer was absent in the 1911-1912 directory but back in 1913, and gone in 1914, perhaps corresponding with the on-again, off-again vagaries of the local- option prohibition in Ingham County.

After Prohibition was repealed in 1933 drinking establishments gradually reappeared although they were no longer called saloons, often associated with alcoholic excess. They were replaced by taverns, which offered other consumables, notably food.

Among the most significant extant taverns established after the repeal of Prohibition was the Alt Heidelberg at what is now 327 East Cesar E. Chavez. The Alt Heidelberg occupied this building from 1934 to 1952. The German-themed bar was followed by the Shamrock Bar from 1956 through 1968, and the Unicorn Tavern from 1983 to 2017, when it was rechristened the Unicorn Lounge, and is still in business today (Lansing State Journal 2017b). This building has housed a tavern or bar continuously since the Alt Heidelberg moved here from 107 East Cesar E. Chavez in 1934, or for over eight decades after Prohibition ended (Lansing State Journal 1934k).

Notable for its long life as a tavern is the building at 611 East Cesar E. Chavez, at the east end of the historic district. This building has housed a tavern or bar since the 1940s, or nearly three- quarters of a century. Edward Czubak established tavern here from 1945 through 1952, which became the Edward J. Czubak beer garden in 1956. From 1960 into the 1970s, the business continued as Ed’s Bar, and since 1974 it has been the location of Zoobie’s Old Town Tavern. Zoobie’s remains in business as of 2018, and is a fixture of North Lansing (Old Town) entertainment establishments.

The Grand River and Recreation Brenke Fish Ladder (dating to 1981 but considered to be a contributing resource under Criteria Consideration G), is an important structure in relation to the evolution of the city’s Grand River environment, and the development of the adjacent Burchard Park. It was constructed in relation to a statewide effort to restore the ecology the Michigan’s major river systems, and is therefore notable for its ecological importance in allowing fish to travel around the North Lansing dam (some of which originate in Lake Michigan, nearly two hundred miles downstream). It is an anchor in the city’s north Lansing parks and is heavily used by Lansing residents, particularly during the trout and salmon spawning runs.

Government and Education Buildings

The North Lansing Commercial Historic District is significant for containing several extant buildings that once housed local, state, and federal governmental functions, ranging from postal services to elections to community development endeavors.

The United States government established a branch of the main Lansing post office in North Lansing in 1873 “fitted up with 400 boxes” with a carrier linking it to the main office downtown three times a day (Scripps and Polk 1873: 397; Durant 1880: 146). By 1896 the United States

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Post Office had established Lansing Station A #1 in North Lansing, which operated from 1896 until 1926, and then was identified as the North Lansing station from 1926 until it was closed in 1977 (Ellis 1993: 272). The 1885 and 1892 Sanborn maps locate the early post office at 304 East Cesar E. Chavez, sharing space with a drug store. The 1898 Sanborn map shows the post office had moved to 319 East Cesar E. Chavez, and by 1906 was located in the rear of 301 East Cesar E. Chavez (both demolished). City directories indicate the post office was located in numerous buildings in North Lansing (at 208 East Cesar E. Chavez from 1908 to 1921, 204 East Cesar E. Chavez from 1923 to 1927, then at 113 East Cesar E. Chavez from 1927 through 1937, and at 302 East Cesar E. Chavez from 1938 to 1957), until it was finally housed in a building built expressly to serve as the North Lansing post office, constructed at 1112 North Washington in 1958. The North Lansing station closed in 1976 when the postal service closed outlying stations and consolidated area services at its new suburban facility, several miles to the east, on Collins Road, Lansing, and simultaneously opened a reduced service “contract station” in Smith Pharmacy at 226 East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue (Lansing State Journal 1976b).

A second-story meeting space in the North End Comfort Station, built by the city in 1915, at 313 East Cesar E. Chavez, was for many years the polling station for all federal, state, and local elections for those living in the North Lansing’s First Ward (Lansing State Journal 1915b). As early as 1928, the city held elections at the Comfort Station. At that time the city was divided into eight wards. Many of the other polling stations were held in city offices – fire stations, the city clerk’s office, and in another comfort station, or resthouse, as it was called then, at 117 W. South Street, about two miles south of North Lansing. Local, state, and federal elections were held at the Comfort Station here on E. Cesar E. Chavez at least into the 1990s.

In the mid-1970s, the comfort station served as the headquarters for the Community Design Center (CDC), a local agency funded through the federal Model Cities program. Initiated in 1966, the Models Cities program sought to take a comprehensive approach to addressing issues of housing, education, employment, and health care in cities across the United States, including Lansing.

The Lansing Model Cities program partnered with the American Institute of Architects (AIA) to establish the CDC. The purpose of the CDC was to “help people upgrade their homes and neighborhoods” through volunteer services provided by AIA architects. The architects not only reviewed plans of property owners, but tutored students interested in architecture, drafting, or a related field (Lansing State Journal 1971). The City of Lansing pulled its funding from the agency in 1977 (Lansing State Journal 1977).

Though no longer directly providing government services, the Comfort Station serves as the home of the Michigan Historic Preservation Network (MHPN), the statewide non-profit advocacy organization for historic preservation in Michigan. MHPN provides a variety of services to communities that seek to preserve and utilize their historic resources.

As early as 1847 Lansing’s first school, a one-room log house, replaced soon thereafter by a one- room frame building, was built on North Cedar just south of East Cesar E. Chavez Avenue. By

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1854 three school districts under township jurisdiction had been established, one each in the fledgling settlement’s of lower town, middle town, and upper town. In 1851 the lower town school district no. 2 replaced the initial shanty structure with a substantial two-story brick edifice which cost around five thousand dollars. During Lansing's formative years, the Cedar Street Second Ward School was one of' the finest buildings in the area and served as meeting space for newly organized Lower Town churches before the completion of actual church buildings. In 1861, two years after Lansing's incorporation as a city, the legislature created a single city school district and the first board of education was elected (Schneider and Sommers 1986: 62; Lansing State Journal 1936i). By 1917 the Cedar Street School suffered from age and use. The 1851 school had been remodeled in 1876 and 1901. Lansing architect Thomas Ernest White was commissioned to design a new school. The project included “wrecking, rebuilding and remodeling the Cedar Street School building, and the erection and completion of a two-story and basement, reinforced-concrete, brick-and-tile addition” to the building. When constructed, the “new unit” was to be joined to the old building that would later be demolished and replaced by a “second unit” that would create a “complete new school” (Lansing State Journal 1917a). In August 1941, the original building was demolished, and a new east side entrance and corridors were constructed (Lansing State Journal 1941a, Lansing State Journal 1941b; Aldinger 1944: 46; Brewer 1962: 216). At that time the foundation for the old school was filled in to provide additional playground space for the students (Lansing State Journal 1941c). The Cedar Street School building continued to educate students until safety issues forced its abrupt closing in 1977. The building was vacant for thirty years, until it was purchased and renovated by the Kincaid Building Group and re-opened as the Old Town Medical Arts Center (Lansing State Journal 1977; Greater Lansing Business Monthly 2016).

ARCHITECTURE

Occupying much of the old north end of Lansing, the district contains commercial, residential, industrial, transportation-related and school and church buildings, including architecture both representative of broad patterns of Michigan, Midwestern, and American architecture of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and architectural distinction in the local context and beyond. The district’s building stock that this nomination celebrates dates from the 1840s to the 1960s, with the vast majority of the district’s buildings appearing to date from the later 1870s to around 1930, a date frame that corresponds with Lansing’s greatest period of growth and development.

The overall age distribution of buildings, structures and objects in the historic district reveals that nearly ten percent (12 of 128) date before 1875 and, including these, well over one-third (45 of 128) to the nineteenth century. Nearly one-half of the district was constructed in the first two decades of the twentieth century, evenly divided between just under one-quarter of the total assemblage in each of the decades between 1900-1919 (29 of 128) and 1920-1930 (29 of 128). Less than five percent (6 of 128) date from 1930-1945 during the Depression and World War II, while just over one-tenth (14 of 128) were constructed between 1946 and 1960. No stand-alone construction occurred between 1960 and 1969, and only six (three buildings, and three structures), or under five percent, are under fifty years old and post-date 1969, the end of the period of significance. (The First House commemorative boulder appears to date to the 1920s,

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway (LS&MS) right-of-way marker to the late nineteenth century.)

Public Buildings and Churches

In terms of public buildings, the district is distinguished by the 1917-1918 Cedar Street School, an example of restrained classical style, with its large window bays and elaborate arched entrance and wall planes having raised moldings, designed by prominent Lansing architect Thomas E. White. In addition, there are two post-Victorian church buildings, fine examples of their styles. The oldest, the stone-trimmed brick Franklin Avenue (North Presbyterian) Church, designed by Lansing architect Edwyn A. Bowd in a combination of the Gothic and Arts-and- Crafts styles. The present edifice dates to 1915, but incorporated some well-hidden structural elements of the original 1864 church. The other church, the 1918 First Methodist Episcopal, designed by Lansing architect Lee Black, is distinctive for its Neo-Classical style, unusual for a church edifice in Michigan, a flat-roofed auditorium church building characteristic of non- liturgical Protestant churches where worship centered on preaching and churches were designed to facilitate a direct line of sight between pastor and members of the congregation. The church, distinguished by its classically inspired enclosed two-story entrance portico and fluted columns with Doric capitals and robust entablature and symmetry, is an imposing example of the auditorium church type.

Commercial

North Lansing’s old business district along Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and Turner Street displays a broad variety of later nineteenth and early and mid-twentieth-century commercial buildings. The oldest surviving commercial buildings are the several brick Italianate blocks, dating from the late 1860s to the 1870s. By their size and number they visually dominate the west side of Turner’s 1200 block north from Cesar E. Chavez and add distinction to the south side of the 200 and 300 blocks of East Cesar E. Chavez. The bracketed metal cornices, windows with ornamental caps in metal or masonry, and corbelled brick treatment in the attic area, include the oldest in the district at 204 and 306, dating from the mid-1860s. A number of these two-story buildings along Turner were built during the 1870s when the recently completed construction of railroad lines and early industry brought about prosperity.

The Italianate blocks are typically characterized by their round and segmental-arch-head windows, often topped with decorative brick, metal, or stone caps. Their fronts are most often divided into vertical window bays by raised piers or pilasters, with the bays themselves spanned by arch treatments in the brickwork of the upper façade below the parapet. These include the three-story examples at 208 East Cesar E. Chavez and 1250 Turner, and the two-story buildings at 1207 Turner and the Union Block at 1213-1221 Turner, with their paneled piers and arcaded treatment of the frieze area below the parapet. During much of the nineteenth century when architectural design professionals were not always available, sometimes two or more of what were likely originally separate buildings built for separate owners were constructed in the form of an adjacent group or row of closely matched fronts. There is evidence from other communities

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State that adjoining property owners building at or around the same time often employed the same contractor or utilized the same basic design to build buildings with matching fronts – presumably this saved time (and money) in design work and made for a large front in which all owners could take pride. These and other fine buildings retain their elaborate cornices, but other Italianate buildings in the district, such as 1221 Turner, have lost their large bracketed wooden or metal roofline cornices.

The downtown also contains numerous fine examples of a slightly later generation of commercial buildings built during a time period when such overtly Italianate features as the round-arch windows were considered out of date. These buildings typically don’t display a specific stylistic influence, and are often labeled simply “Late Victorian” as a broad stylistic term defining the period in which they were built. Like the Italianate buildings, these typically had cornices as well, but almost always of metal rather than the wood often used in earlier times. By the 1880s and 1890s wooden cornices were increasingly being viewed as fire hazards both by local governments and by an insurance industry concerned with promoting fire-resistant construction in the wake of huge fire disasters such as the 1871 Chicago Fire and the many large fires that were ravaging smaller towns.

In place of the Italianate was a more eclectic approach to design, borrowing from a broader range of influences. Buildings continued to sport decorative cornices, but they were typically more scaled down in size and height and often of more simplified design, often with only a bracket at each end of the façade or at least more widely spaced. Most of there have square-head rather than the round-arch windows so characteristic of Italianate. The two-story buildings at 1207 and 1209 Turner appear to represent this transition.

The brick building built in the 1890s at 1216-1218 Turner in its massing and use of broad masonry arches hints at the forms of the Romanesque Revival style popular at the time. Additional examples are 1891 building at 200-202 East Cesar E. Chavez, and the 1900 building at 108 East Cesar E. Chavez, which have broad arches and façades built of large rock-face ashlar stone.

The three-story building at 204 East Cesar E. Chavez expresses eclectic Late Victorian architectural design. Built in 1890 from designs by Lansing architect Darius B. Moon, the building has a symmetrical two-bay form with asymmetrical corner piers, an elaborate metal cornice with stylized classical anthemion forms, and vertical panels and horizontal strips of decorative limestone ornament. This is a prime illustration of Moon’s inventiveness and originality of design during this late nineteenth-century time period.

Neoclassicism that had its beginnings with the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 had its impacts in downtown North Lansing as it did across America during the early twentieth century. North Lansing has no columned Neoclassical bank building as do so many other commercial districts. (Perhaps the district’s most distinctive example is a church building, the 1918 First Methodist Church at 502 East Cesar E. Chavez). Its Neoclassical expressions, like typical Neoclassical commercial buildings across the country, are standard business buildings done up

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State with fronts displaying a modicum of classical features. The district contains a few good examples, such as portrayed in the projecting modillion-decorated main cornice above a frieze with raised panels and dentilled brick work at 1136 North Washington-104 East Cesar E. Chavez.

A popular, simple and straightforward commercial alternative to Neoclassicism grew out of the older generation of Late Victorian buildings in the early twentieth century. This is reflected in buildings with square-head windows with simple caps and their understated display of brickwork detailing, such as simple corbelled brickwork below the eaves. Many have raised quoins along the building edges as a common feature and paneled friezes. These no-nonsense buildings should be considered direct precursors to another early-mid-twentieth-century architectural expression that – apparently first labeled “Commercial Brick” by Linda Bayer, a planner for the City of Huntsville, Alabama, in a 1984 issue of the Alabama Historical Commission’s The Preservation Report – utilizes variations in the patterns and colors of the brickwork to create the “style.” In its lack of interest in historicism Commercial Brick seems to have affinities to the Arts-and-Crafts movement that swept across the arts, including architecture, in the early twentieth century. It is one of the more common types in the district, with attractive examples at 101-105, 107, 302, 306, 308, 311, 317, 408, and 611 East Cesar E. Chavez; 1208-1212 and 1236-1238 Turner; and 1022 N. Washington. Typically in these buildings, vertical piers subdivide the front, with the second story’s three bays set back from the rest of the façade with shallow corbelled brick detail above and. The second-floor windows are often outlined by a course of stacked stretchers on each side, each window bay capped by a belt course of soldiers at lintel level, the top of the façade above with successive courses of receding brick or panels outlined by a band of corbelled brick band, sometimes with masonry corner blocks. Some of the finer and somewhat more elaborate examples are at 107 East Cesar E. Chavez for its overall use of different sections of brick patterning, and 1236-1238 Turner, distinguished by its polychrome brickwork.

Not overly common among commercial blocks is the expression of the Georgian Revival style, a sub-type of Colonial Revival, often employed during the early twentieth century to reference historical stability and “high-style” taste. The buildings are symmetrical, and often employed fanlights or pediments and classical architectural references. The three-story Michigan Education Association (M.E.A.) Building at 935 North Washington and two bank buildings in the district at 226 and 329 East Cesar E. Chavez, are examples. The M.E.A. building employs explicit formal symmetry, fanlights, classical entablatures, and swag motifs. The American State Savings Bank Building at 226 is an arcaded block with large fanlights and oversized entablature and fluted masonry pilasters, and the latter, the more restrained Bank of Lansing building at 329 employs similar design elements.

The district also has some fine examples of the Modern Movement. The Art Deco style, popular in the 1920s and 1930s, broke with the historical influences popular in earlier styles and emphasized geometric compositions with a vertical emphasis. The best examples in the district are the circa 1935-1936 stone North Lansing Dam Power House and its associated stone well houses on either side of the river. The somewhat later Art Moderne, popular into the early 1950s, had a more horizontal feel, often emphasized by bands of windows or brickwork, sometimes

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State using “modern” elements such as glass block. Examples with these elements in the district include the buildings at 1110 Center and 1129 North Washington. The latest commercial buildings in the district, dating to the 1950s and 1960s, employ International style influences. Common features include the use of new building materials and a general lack of detailed ornamentation, expansive windows, smooth wall surfaces, and flat roofs. Good examples, built as offices that replaced houses on North Washington Avenue, are at 1011 and 1034 North Washington.

Residential

The district is also notable for its many houses, dating from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century, that are significant in architectural terms in the local context.

House Forms

The houses in the district were built almost exclusively as single-family houses. The greatest number exemplify several broad house forms typically found in Michigan and across the upper Midwest and beyond, some first brought to the Midwest by early settlers from the Northeastern states such as New York and the New England states from which so many early southern Michigan settlers came. These side-gable, gable-front, hip-roof, and upright-and-wing and gabled-ell forms were widely used during the nineteenth century and some remained popular well into the twentieth. These houses possess a collective significance as representative examples of house forms of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries characteristic of Michigan and the Midwest.

In the east coast region of the United States side-gable house forms have a heritage dating back to the seventeenth century and were brought from northern Europe by various ethnic groups including the Germans and Scandinavians as well as people from the British Isles. Nineteenth and early twentieth-century Midwestern descendants of these early east coast houses are one, one-and-one-half, or two-story buildings, usually with a central front entrance with window to either side and, in two-story examples, typically with two or three front windows upstairs aligned with the downstairs door and windows. Most often they are only a single room deep, commonly referred to as I-Houses. The best example in the district, and one of only two examples in the entire city, is the two-story house at 1214 Center. This mid-nineteenth century side-gable house presents simple exterior detailing, Greek Revival style in inspiration.

The gable-front form, initially inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture, took on a life of its own as a popular house form long after the fad for classical architecture died away. In its lack of any classical references the very narrow-fronted and deep two-story (former) house at 515 East Cesar E. Chavez is typical of the more vernacular, later expression. Another example is the renovated house at 1212 Center, both apparently dating to 1880 or before.

The upright-and-wing and gabled-ell house forms are well represented in the Lansing’s domestic architecture of the later nineteenth century and into the early twentieth as they are across much of

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Michigan, the Midwest, and the Northeast, but not within the North Lansing district. Both fit into a general type labeled by Virginia Savage McAlester in her widely utilized Field Guide to American Houses the gable-front-and-wing family. These houses are characterized by a gable- front section expanded with a side-gable wing attached to one side (gable-front houses often have wings extending toward the back). These gable-front-and-wing houses seem to have first appeared in numbers in the Northeast in the 1820s and 1830s. Many, particularly of the earlier examples, seem to be outgrowths of the gable-front type, with the main entry in the front of the gable-front upright, but by the 1850s and 1860s the main entrance tended to be located in the street-facing front of the wing.

Upright-and-wing houses, generally a bit earlier than most gabled ells, typically have a one-and- a-half or two-story “upright” portion and lower, one or one-and-a-half-story wing. The upright part, which more often than not projects forward of the wing, and the lower wing most often both have gable roofs, the upright a gable-front form, the wing a side-gable form – 914 North Washington is the district’s prime example. Like many, if not most of these houses, it has a porch fronting the wing.

Gabled-ell houses differ from the upright-and-wing ones only in having the upright and wing portions of equal one-and-one-half or two-story height. Over time the type became more substantial and somewhat less ell in form, and sometimes had hipped roofs. The district contains several of these houses, with more modest ones such 112-114 and 119 West Cesar E. Chavez, also apparently dating to the 1880s (although the broad gable-front section on 112-114 may hint at an earlier date). More substantial brick examples are at 915 and 920 North Washington.

The district also contains a substantial number of two-story, more or less square-plan hip-roof houses. Among the oldest examples in the district are the brick house at 1300 Center and the frame houses at 125 West Cesar E. Chavez and 1101-03 North Washington, the first two dating to 1870 or before. The broad arched windows, corner piers, and limestone sills of 1300 Center and the massing and surviving entablature on the porch and decorative window hoods of 125 West Cesar E. Chavez suggest a date of construction circa 1860s or 1870s. This compact house form looks like nothing so much as the gable-front part of a gable-front-and-wing house but with hip rather than gable roof.

Nearly square-plan two-story homes became a characteristic house form in the early twentieth century. They are so emblematic of the Midwest that they have been sometimes called “Cornbelt Cubes.” One form commonly built from the 1910s to the 1930s has become known as the Foursquare because both of its nearly square form and because it typically contains four rooms in each story, but the general type seems much broader in variety. Perhaps the best example in the district is the two-story brick house at 122 West Cesar E. Chavez, and other frame houses are at 1010 and 1016 North Washington.

Architectural Styles

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State The district’s houses are also significant for exemplifying a broad range of American architectural styles current from the 1840s to around 1940, including Greek Revival, Italianate, Eastlake, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival. Many houses combine references to popular architectural styles with house forms that exemplify types described above, while others exemplify forms associated with their styles.

The district’s oldest houses show Greek Revival style influences. The Greek Revival, using classical elements such as broad piers or pilasters at the building corners supporting an entablature with bold classical cornices, entries framed by classical pilaster-and-entablature trim, often with sidelights and transom, became a national style around 1830 and into the 1860s. As noted under the discussion of gable-front houses above, renewed European interest in the monuments of ancient Greece and Rome began by the mid-eighteenth century. In the early nineteenth century the struggle of the Greeks, the founders of democracy, to free their nation from the Ottoman Turks who had long ruled them, became a subject of great interest on the part of many Europeans and also Americans. In Michigan the new town of Ypsilanti was named after Demetrius Ypsilanti, one of the heroes of that ultimately successful Greek war for Independence. Americans saw parallels between the Greeks as the founders of democracy and waging their own war for independence and themselves as heirs to the democratic tradition who had not long before won their own revolution. The Greek Revival swept the nation, with examples found from Maine to the West Coast and Florida and Texas to Minnesota and Montana. Renovations and demolitions have affected the number of houses, but a prime example stands at 1214 Center, with its wide frieze and entablature.

Italianate was widely used for houses as well as commercial and other buildings. Italianate, loosely based on Italian city and country houses, first appeared in Britain at the end of the eighteenth century and came into more extensive use there by the 1830s, about the time the first few examples were built in the United States. The style caught on in the late 1840s and 1850s, and soon spread widely across the country, gradually supplanting the Greek Revival even in rural areas during the 1860s. It remained popular into the 1880s. Italianate houses most often display hip roofs with widely overhanging eaves supported by large brackets, often paired. A house form in which the front section was nearly square in plan was common. Few Italianate houses have survived in Lansing, and the district’s only example is 1101-1103 North Washington. The house displays the characteristic square-plan or “cubical” form, and possesses the large elaborate eave brackets common to this style.

The district contains one example of what architectural historical Vincent Scully, Jr., termed the “Stick Style” in which stickwork in the exterior suggested the structural framing beneath. Some early examples of this type of decorative finish began to appear around 1850, and some of the earliest examples had such detailing modeled on the architecture of Swiss chalets. Like most of these houses, 1012 North Washington seems to bear no strong affinities to any historic style, but does present vertical and horizontal stickwork detailing in the front and side elevations and also displays inventive brackets and detailing in the gables similar to that seen in other examples across the nation. This house, with a paint scheme emphasizing the Stick Style detailing, is a fine example.

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Some of the district’s largest homes are the Eastlake and Queen Anne houses dating from the 1880s into the very early twentieth century. “Eastlake” is a peculiarly American architectural style named after the British author and designer Charles L. Eastlake (1836-1906). Eastlake’s Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery and Other Details, first published in London in 1868, pictured examples of furniture chamfered-edge panels and panels containing carved ornament in relief, corner blocks with raised detail in relief, arches springing from turned elements, and small brackets closely spaced beneath cornices. Hints on Household Taste was highly popular in America, going through six American editions. The forms used by Eastlake in his furniture designs popularized a fashion for this type of design that, on this side of the Atlantic, was soon being translated into architectural finishes – a development that Eastlake himself neither foresaw nor approved.

The brick house at 920 North Washington, with its slotted gable ornaments and turned-post porches exemplifies this “Eastlake” aesthetic in these details. The house has paneled bargeboards, large brackets with incised details, and sculptural sunburst motifs. The decorative window caps and spring blocks in this circa 1880 house are presumably made of cast stone – i.e. concrete – an early use. The spring blocks display simple plant forms modeled after some of the wall decoration designs by Scottish designer Christopher Dresser (1834-1904) featured in his popular book, Principles of Decorative Design, published in 1873. Incised forms modeled on or directly copied from Dresser’s designs were widely used in decorative woodwork and stonework in American architecture in the 1870s and 1880s. This trim appears identical to similar work in other buildings in the Lansing area known to be made of that material, and the window hoods at 920 North Washington, for example, are identical to those used in a similar house built about the same time at 345 Horatio Street in Charlotte. Similar in presentation but more complex in form, with a mansard-roof tower, and incorporating similar cast stone window lintels, is the brick house at 909 North Washington. This house is notable for its complex form, angled corner bay, and another projecting slant-sided bay.

The Queen Anne houses of the 1880s, 1890s, and very early twentieth century reflect the era of “picturesque eclecticism” when the combining in a single building of features culled from multiple historic architectural styles to create an appealing and functional design was considered a not only acceptable but fully appropriate practice (the next generation would look askance at combining features from disparate sources). The hipped roof house at 1001 North Washington is an excellent example of the picturesque eclecticism of the time. It combines thoroughly colonial features: Tuscan-column porches with a corner. Similarly, the more complex gabled and hipped brick house at 915 North Washington has the cast stone decorative window hoods and scroll brackets common to the Eastlake, but adds a presumably somewhat newer Colonial Revival porch with Ionic columns and modillioned eaves.

By the 1890s the Colonial Revival was an increasingly popular design impulse. Interest in the nation’s Colonial past was sparked by the Centennial Exposition, held in Philadelphia in 1876 to celebrate the centennial of the Declaration of Independence. “Early American” architectural features began to appear in American buildings by the 1880s and became widely used during the

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The district contains a number of fine houses that, built in the 1900-1910 period, begin to display not only thoroughly Colonial Revival styling but also house forms that more broadly reflect Early American prototypes such as side-gable and gambrel-roof “Dutch Colonial” forms. The district’s prime example is at 1025 North Washington. The house is notable for its fine Colonial finishes such as the two-story Ionic-column entry porch and leaded glass windows, the product of a Darius Moon-designed 1898 renovation of an earlier house. A gambrel-roof barn is set to the rear of 1017 North Washington.

Finally, several buildings physically encapsulate the transition of the fine residential blocks of North Washington to commercial use during the late 1950s through mid-1960s. While many of the houses appear unchanged from residential use, most are today occupied by professional offices, while others are income-producing residential buildings. Demonstrating the resulting exterior renovations are the large, sympathetic rear addition at 1026 North Washington (1968) as well as the stark embodiment of commercial occupancy evidenced by the unsympathetic office addition across the facade of 921 N. Washington. However, as distinct embodiments of this important trend of evolving commercial use, both are considered contributing to the historic district. Although unsympathetic to the original architecture of this house, the juxtaposition of the 1966 office addition across the facade physically demonstrates the important trend of the transition of the North Washington Avenue blocks from residential to commercial use beginning in the late 1950s. As such, the addition, completed over fifty years ago, attains significance in its own right and this building is therefore considered contributing. Other commercial buildings along North Washington built during this period replaced dwellings originally on their lots during this period: 1011 (1959-1960), and 1034 (1958), completed with Modern Movement references.

Notable Architects & Builders

A number of locally significant architects and firms designed or constructed buildings in the historic district. Some worked on multiple projects, while others constructed only one building. Many of these individuals and firms were responsible for other buildings throughout the city, and in some cases throughout the state of Michigan and the greater Midwest region. Those architects, designers, builders, and contractors who were credited with the district’s most prominent resources are noted below.

Darius B. Moon

Darius Moon, a prolific Lansing architect, designed more buildings in the historic district than any other individual or firm. He may be considered the person who contributed the most to

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State creating the distinctive and attractive streetscapes that greet the visitor today. He is responsible for designs relating to eight buildings that include some of the most distinctive extant buildings.

Darius B. Moon was born in New York in 1851 and migrated to Delta Township, Eaton County, Michigan with his family in 1853. In 1868 he began work as a carpenter with builder Peter S. Carpenter, leaving to work on his own in 1871 while attending Lansing Commercial College for business studies. In 1877 Moon moved to Lansing to pursue his trade as a contractor, also designing some of his buildings. In 1889 he devoted himself to full-time work as an architect, also at least informally supervising construction on many of his projects. In this regard, he was typical of many self-taught architects who designed buildings across Michigan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, men who usually learned the practical side of the trade as contractors and gradually moved into the field of building design. Apparently because of an economic downturn, in 1891 he moved to Chicago, where he received a number of commissions, but returned to Lansing in 1893. In the early 1900s his office was in the Dodge Block at 225 North Washington and later was in the Tussing Block at Washington and Ottawa streets, both in Lansing, and worked alone, except for 1907-1911, when he brought on Raymond W. Spice as a partner. Moon also dabbled in Lansing real estate, platting the Ellendale Subdivision (named for his wife) with his son Darius in 1917, on West Main Street at Saint Joseph Street, which was later destroyed by I-496 construction. His later professional life experienced a declining number of commissions, and Moon retired in 1923, and passed away in 1939 (Moore 1915: 1717-18; MacLean 2015: 7-14). Moon is credited with the buildings at 200-202 and 204 East Cesar E. Chavez, 1131 Race Street (the rear of 212 East Cesar E. Chavez today), 915 North Washington, and 1208-1210 and 1216-1218 Turner.

Samuel Dana Butterworth

Samuel Dana Butterworth designed both commercial and residential buildings in North Lansing. Butterworth (b. 1871) worked in Lansing beginning in 1907, first in partnership with Thomas E. White, under the firm White & Butterworth, and, beginning in 1912, with his own firm. Born in Lowell, Massachusetts, Butterworth received his training in the offices of the Boston firm of Stickney and Austin. In 1905 he came to Detroit to become office manager for Detroit architect George D. Mason. While in Lansing he completed a number of commissions in addition to the Digby Hotel. From 1907 to 1912 he partnered with fellow Lansing architect Thomas E. White during which time Butterworth received much exposure to school planning, and developed a specialization in educational architecture. Butterworth is attributed with the design of at least ten school buildings in Michigan from 1908 to 1922. Among Butterworth’s other work in Lansing are the original plans for Saint Paul's Church (later modified by then Rector Henry Simpson), the American State Savings Bank (1917), the Prudden Building (1921), and a variety of private homes for such prominent Lansing residents such as George Bohnet and William H. Newbrough. Butterworth also designed the Masonic Temple (1915) in nearby East Lansing, Michigan (Moore 1915: 1709-10; Schneider and Sommers 1986: 7; DeKorte 2016). Butterworth is credited with the buildings at 401-405 East Cesar E. Chavez and 1012 and 1016 North Washington.

J. (Judson) N. Churchill

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Judson N. Churchill designed both imposing high style and utilitarian manufacturing buildings in North Lansing. Churchill was one of Lansing's prominent architects during the first third of the twentieth century, having a general practice was a prolific designer of school buildings. The 2014 National Register nomination for Walter H. French Junior High School (Schumaker 2014) relates that Churchill (1871-1933) graduated from Capac High School. He was employed as a teacher and then worked as a carpenter while working towards his ultimate goal of becoming an architect, taking night courses. In 1903, Churchill began his architectural career in Lansing by opening his own practice, augmented in 1907 by attending the University of Michigan, where he took several courses in their architecture program. Over almost three decades he was involved in the design of many residential, commercial, fraternal, and religious buildings located throughout the state. He became especially well-known for his design of school buildings in Lansing and throughout southern Michigan. His work was so well regarded by the Lansing Board of Education that the board hired him to serve as their resident architect. In this capacity he designed new buildings and reviewed plans submitted to the school board by other architects. Within the City of Lansing he is credited with designing the Moores Park School (1906, demolished 1957), Allen Street School (1913), Christiancy School (1914, demolished 1971), Washington Apartments (1922-1923) located on South Washington Avenue, Walter H. French Junior High (1925) as well as additions to several schools including West Junior High. Churchill died from a self-inflicted shotgun wound on January 14, 1933. According to newspaper reports he was depressed about his own ill health and poor business conditions (Schumaker 2014; MacLean and Whitford 2003: 98; Michigan Architect and Engineer 1921: 172). In the historic district, Churchill is credited with the buildings at 1100 and 1120-1122 North Washington and 329 East Cesar E. Chavez.

In addition to the buildings he designed in North Lansing, in Lansing and vicinity, Churchill also designed the poultry plant for Michigan State College in 1929, the Sisters of Charity Home on North Seymour Street, the headquarters for the Hunt Food Shop in East Lansing, additions to the John Bean Manufacturing Co. plant, a school in Grand Ledge, additions to the Holmes Street School and West Junior High buildings, and a school on West Main Street (Lansing State Journal 1929b).

Edwyn A. Bowd

Edwyn Alfred Bowd was born November 11, 1865, in Cheltenham, England. He immigrated with his mother to Detroit in 1882 and started his career with architect Gordon W. Lloyd. After a few years Bowd moved to Saginaw, Michigan, and in 1888 he arrived at Lansing where he associated with William Appleyard, who had completed several commissions for Michigan Agricultural College (M.A.C., later Michigan State University). Appleyard eventually left the practice and Bowd continued on his own, then in 1924 joined the office of Orlo Munson, establishing the Bowd-Munson firm in 1929, which he headed until his death in 1940.

Bowd’s association with Appleyard led to a number of commissions at M.A.C., and when Appleyard left the business, the College’s next commissions went to Bowd. Although he would

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State not contribute another building to the M.A.C. for the next ten years, this was the start of a long and mutually beneficial partnership between Bowd and the College. On January 1, 1902, Bowd was appointed M.A.C. College Architect. As a result, he was the principal architect for the vast majority of campus buildings for the next four decades, over a dozen in total (Withey and Withey 1970: 68; Forsyth 2017).

Bowd designed Franklin Avenue Presbyterian Church at 108 West Cesar E. Chavez Avenue in 1916. The church was listed in the National Register in 1988. It was one of only three churches in Lansing attributed to Bowd, a relatively small number in an otherwise prolific career. The nomination for the church also noted that it “is unique in the tri-county Lansing area and unusual in the statewide context of early twentieth-century Protestant church architecture as a Prairie School/Arts and Crafts-influenced auditorium church building.”

In addition to his work at the M. A. C. and the Franklin Avenue church, Bowd designed the Late Victorian First Baptist Church (1894), the former Lansing City Hall (1897; demolished), the Gothic-style Saint Mary’s Roman Catholic Church (later the cathedral) (1913), the Carnegie Library (1903), which is now part of Lansing Community College, Arbaugh’s Department Store (1905; NRHP), Genesee Street School (1912), “Old Main” on the Michigan School for the Blind campus (1915; NRHP), the Lewis Cass State Office Building (1919) (in NRHP), and the Masonic Temple (which replaced his prior design of 1905 (1924; NRHP). His other notable nearby works include the Ingham County Courthouse in Mason (1904), the Governor Frank D. Fitzgerald House in Grand Ledge (1907), the Shiawassee Street School in Corunna (1909), the Montcalm County Courthouse in Stanton (1910), and the (second) Central School in East Lansing (1917; NRHP).

In 1924, Bowd partnered with Orlie J. Munson, another prominent local architect. The firm later incorporated as Bowd–Munson in 1929. Along with many M.A.C. campus buildings, the duo is responsible for two of Lansing’s most distinctive and iconic buildings: the J. W. Knapp Company Building and the Ottawa Street Power Station (both 1937 and both National Register- listed). Bowd died in 1940 (Christensen and Cotman 1988; Forsyth 2017).

Lee Black

Lee Black (1877-1960) was born in Cedar Springs, Michigan. He enrolled in the International Correspondence School course in architecture and gained experience in architectural offices in Michigan and Ohio before entering practice in 1908. He moved to Lansing in 1914 and was associated with Thomas E. White before opening his own office in 1915. It appears that the 1918 1st Methodist Episcopal Church here at 502 East Cesar E. Chavez was one of Black’s earlier commissions. In 1922, he designed another Methodist Episcopal Church, in Muskegon Heights (American Contractor 1922a). In 1930 he formed a firm with his son as Lee Black & Kenneth C. Black, which continued until the elder Black’s death in 1960. Lee Black and his firm “designed a number of Lansing landmarks” including the Central Methodist Temple House and Mary Sabina Chapel, the Bank of Lansing Building, the Auto-Owners Insurance headquarters, Walnut Street School, Elmhurst Elementary School, projects for the Michigan Dept. of Health

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Warren S. Holmes-Powers Co., Warren S. Holmes

Architect Warren Samuel Holmes founded his company in 1920, and the Warren Holmes and Warren Holmes-Powers Company became prominent for designers of schools, municipal and commercial office buildings. The Warren-Holmes-Powers Co. (with architect Horace S. Powers, of Chicago) had architects in Lansing and Chicago and was formed about 1923. The volume of construction increased during the mid-1920s, and the company enjoyed a national reputation for skill in designing educational facilities after completing the National Kindergarten and Elementary College complex in Evanston, Illinois. The success of the Evanston project resulted in the firm doubling in size and receiving commissions from as far away as Connecticut and New Jersey (Lansing State Journal 1927k). The firm continued almost exclusively to design schools – a summary for 1927 listed eighteen school buildings – but occasionally designed other buildings, including the Science Building at Kalamazoo College, the Antrim County (Michigan) Infirmary, a Storage Building and Motor Plant for Olds Motor Works and the First Baptist Church in Lansing (Lansing State Journal 1928h).

Among their more important works in Lansing is the 1928 Michigan Education Association Building at 935 North Washington. In its day, the building was significant enough to warrant a large architectural rendering in the Lansing State Journal at the time its construction was announced in March 1928 (Lansing State Journal 1928i). The firm completed fifteen school and other projects in Michigan and other states during 1928 and had fourteen schools, office buildings, and churches in progress (Lansing State Journal 1929o). In early 1929 the company prepared plans for the Ingham County Infirmary and high schools in Marshall and Hillsdale and awarded construction contracts for its designs for high schools in Litchfield and Augusta (Lansing State Journal 1929p). No entries appear for Holmes-Powers after 1929, suggesting the MEA building may have been one of the later commissions of this iteration, although Warren Holmes and his company continued in practice in a long and prolific career.

Holmes began his career as an Assistant Professor of Architecture at the University of Michigan, the same year he entered in practice as Warren S. Holmes Co. in 1920, and began planning and designing educational facilities, so that by the time of his death in 1950 he was recognized as “one of the foremost architects of central Michigan,” and his firm was “nationally known for school building architecture” (Lansing State Journal 1950e; Holmes and Black 1973?). The State Historic Preservation Office publication defining the historic context of schools in Michigan lists the Warren Holmes Co. as one of the “Key Architects for Michigan Public Schools,” stating it designed numerous school buildings in the state from its founding in 1920

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After Holmes-Powers dissolved in 1930, Holmes, among other commissions, designed the Central School in Hastings, Michigan (Michmarkers 1993), the Charlotte, Michigan, high school addition in 1935-1936, and about the same time designed the Portland High School (NRHP). In 1957, Homes designed a large addition for the National Register-listed Walter H. French Junior High School in Lansing (NRHP). In 1973 the Warren Holmes Company merged with another prominent Lansing firm, Kenneth C. Black & Associates, to form the Warren Holmes-Kenneth Black Company. This firm merged with Mayotte, D’Haene and Associates, also of Lansing, in 1986 to become MBDS Architects. The legacy of the Warren Holmes Company and Kenneth C. Black & Associates continues in 2018 as MAYOTTEgroup Architects (Michigan Modern 2017b).

Manson, Jackson, Wilson & Kane

The firm of Manson-Jackson & Kane designed the Braille Library in 1964 and the Elementary School in 1966, both for the Michigan School for the Blind campus in Lansing, listed in the National Register (Metz et al. 2018).

The firm of Manson, Jackson & Kane, Inc. began as a sole practice founded in 1941 by Elmer J. Manson. In 1948, Manson was joined by William W. Carver, who previously worked in Montana. The firm was renamed Manson Carver Associates. The Manson and Carver partnership ended in 1959, and Manson was then joined by three new partners: Edward Jackson, who had joined the firm in 1950, William J. H. Kane, and Dixon S. Wilson, who had initially joined the firm in 1954, but left in 1960 to establish his own firm. By 1965, Manson-Jackson, and Kane had designed more than one hundred educational, commercial, and residential buildings in mid-Michigan, primarily in the Lansing metropolitan region (Michigan Modern 2018; Metz et al. 2018).

The firm designed the 1960 Michigan Congress of Parents & Teachers Associations Building at 1011 North Washington, one of the district’s notable mid-twentieth century buildings. Other notable works in the Lansing metropolitan area include Schmidt’s Food Market (1958; currently Playmakers), and the East Lansing Public Library (1963).

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State ______9. Major Bibliographical References

Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)

Bibliographic note: please see the Section 9 Appendix, attached to this nomination, for the full bibliographic record, including full entries for in-text citations. Individual citations for periodicals, such as the Lansing State Journal, are enumerated in the appendix, and cited in summary form here.

Adams, Mrs. Franc L. 1923 Pioneer History of Ingham County Vol I. Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co. Lansing.

Aldinger, Frederick C. 1944 History of Lansing Public Schools 1847-1944. The Board of Education, Lansing, Michigan.

American Contractor. 1913 Churches, Lansing, Methodist Episcopal. American Contractor Vol. XXXIV . No. 10 March 8, 1913, pp. 24, 69.

1916a Lansing, Michigan. Church (First Methodist Church). American Contractor Vol. XXXVII No. 44 October 128, 1916, p. 82.

American Architects Directory. American Institute of Architects, R. R. Bowker Co., New York, 1956-1970 editions

Ashlee, Laura R. 2005 Traveling Through Time A Guide to Michigan’s Historical Markers. Revised Edition. Bureau of History Michigan Historical Commission, Michigan Dept. of State, Lansing. University of Michigan Press

Beers, F. W. 1874 County Atlas of Ingham, Michigan. F. W. Beers & Co., New York.

Brewer, Anna L. 1962 History of Lansing Public Schools 1944-1962. Board of Education, Lansing, Michigan.

Brown, E. Exera 1873 Brown’s Directory of Lansing, Michigan. W. S. George & Co., Printers and Binders.

C&WM and DL&N Railways

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1895 Lansing, Michigan. Headlight Flashes Vol. 2 No. 9, December 1895. Chicago & West Michigan and Detroit, Lansing & Northern Railway. (Reprint 1959, Michigan Central Railroad)

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Ceaser, Ford Stevens 1976 Bicentennial History of Ingham County, Michigan. Ingham County Historical Commission, Mason, Michigan.

Chapin & Brother 1867 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1867-68. Compiled by Chapin and Brother. Detroit Post Co., Printers.

Chilson & McKinley 1894-1934 Lansing City Directory 1894. Chilson, McKinley & Co., (McKinley-Reynolds after 1924) Publishers, Lansing. Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., Lansing, Michigan.

Christensen, R. O. 1983 Brown-Price House. National register nomination, on file State Historic Preservation Office, Lansing.

Christensen, R. O. and C. C. Cotman 1988 Franklin Avenue Presbyterian Church. National register nomination, on file State Historic Preservation Office, Lansing.

Clark, Charles F. 1863 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1863/64. Charles F. Clark, Publisher, Office of City Directory and Commercial Advertiser, Detroit.

1913 Lansing, Mich, Two Residences, Chas. Affeldt, S. D. Butterworth, architect. Construction News Vol. XXXIV No. 21 May 24, 1913, p. 87.

Cowles Albert E. 1905 Past and Present of the City of Lansing and Ingham County, Michigan. The Michigan Historical Publishing Association, Lansing.

Darling, Birt 1950 City in the Forest, the Story of Lansing. Stratford House, New York.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Dash, M. (J. M. Longyear) 1870 A History of the City of Lansing From the Foundation Thereof Down to the Present Time. W. S. George & Co. Steam Book and Job Printers, Lansing.

Dept. of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (DLRA). Subdivision Plats. http://w1.lara.state.mi.us/PlatMaps/

Dunbar, Willis F. and George S. May 1980 Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids.

Durant, Samuel W. 1880 History of Ingham and Eaton Counties, Michigan. D. W. Ensign & Co. Philadelphia.

Eckert, Kathryn B. 1993 Buildings of Michigan. Buildings of the United States. Oxford University Press, Chicago.

Edmonds, J. P. 1944 Early Lansing History. Franklin DeKleine Company, Lansing.

Exonumia 2018 Complete List of Fraternal Organizations. Genealogy Research (with links to web sites). http://www.exonumia.com/art/society2.htm accessed 3/23/18.

Fedynski, John 2011 Michigan’s County Courthouses. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

Forsyth, Kevin S. 2017 Edwyn A. Bowd. The Architects. A Brief History of East Lansing, Michigan. M.A.C. Architects.

Fraternalresearch 2012 History of Odd Fellowship. September 21, 2012. Fraternalresearch website https://fraternalresearch.wordpress.com/2012/09/21/history-of-odd-fellowship/

Gray, Burkley M. 2015 Fraternalism in America 1860-1920. Phoenixmasonry Masonic Museum.

H Inc. 2017 Race Street Mill. H. Inc. Urban Development web site accessed 12/5/17. http://hinclive.com/race-street-mill/

Harwood, W. S.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1897 "Secret Societies in America." North American Review 164, no. 486.

Hawes, George W. 1859 George W. Hawes’ Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1860. F. Raymond & Co., Detroit.

Historic Bridges 2017 North Grand River Avenue Bridge. Historic Bridges Web Site. Accessed 11/26/17. http://historicbridges.org/bridges/browser/?bridgebrowser=michigan/northgrandriver/

Historic District Study Committee (HDSC) 2011 First United Methodist Episcopal Church, 502 E. Grand River. Prepared for City of Lansing Dept. of Planning and Neighborhood Development, March 18, 2011. Lansing, Michigan City Council Information Packet for March 28 Meeting

Hotel World 1922 Hotel News (Digby Hotel). The Hotel World Vol. 94 No. 12 p. 18, March 25, 1922.

Hub 1908 Recently Granted Patents of Interest to the Vehicle Industry (Korff) The Hub Vol. L no. 9 December 1903, p. 333

Hyde, Charles K. 1976 The Lower Peninsula of Michigan: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites.

Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

Jakle, John A. and Keith A. Sculle 1994 The Gas Station in America. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Kern, John 1976 The North Lansing Historic Commercial District. National register nomination, on file, State Historic Preservation Office, Lansing.

Kestenbaum, Justin L. 1981 Out of A Wilderness, An Illustrated History of Greater Lansing. Windsor Publications, Woodland Hills, California.

Kidorf, Kristine M. 2008 Ottawa Street Power Station national register nomination. Kidorf Preservation Consulting

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Kilar, Jeremy W. 2002 Germans in Michigan. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing.

Knights of the Maccabees (KOTM) 1889 Historical Sketches of the Ancient and Modern Knights of the Maccabees. Huronia Printing Co., Port Huron, Michigan.

Lansing Board of Water & Light (LBWL) 1984 Annual Report of the Board of Water & Light (Grand River Dam), p. 24.

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Lansing State Journal (Lansing, Mich.), 1890-2017

Lorenzkowski, Barbara 2010 Sounds of Ethnicity, Listening to German North America, 1850-1914. University of Manitoba Press, Winnepeg.

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Michigan Architect and Engineer 1921 Schools. Two Three-Story School Buildings, Lansing Board of Education. J. N. Churchill, architect. Michigan Architect and Engineer Vol. III No. 12, December 1921, p. 172

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Michigan Manufacturer & Financial Record (MMFR) 1921 Lansing Man Invents Snubber (Korff). Michigan Manufacturer & Financial Record Vol. XXVI No. 3 January 15, 1921 p. 15.

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Nelson, Cassandra 2016 Pulver Brothers Filling Station. National register nomination, on file, State Historic Preservation Office, Lansing.

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Ogle, George A. 1895 Standard Atlas of Ingham County, Michigan. George A. Ogle & Co. Chicago, p 41- 42, Lansing.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 1883-1968 Lansing City and Ingham County Directory R. L. Polk & Co., Publishers, Detroit.

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Schneider, Robert and Laurie Sommers 1986 Final Report for a Reconnaissance Level Survey of Historic and Architectural Resources in Lansing’s Central Neighborhoods. July, 1986. On file, State Historic Preservation Office, Lansing.

Scripps, J. E. and R. L. Polk 1873 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1873. J. E. Scripps and R. L. Polk, Compilers, The Tribune Book and Job Office, Detroit.

Smith, C. P. 1867 The Lansing City Business Directory for the Fall and Winter Trade of 1867-68. C. P. Smith, Lansing. John A. Kerr & Co.’s Steam Printing Establishment, Lansing.

State Republican 1897 State Republican Legislative Souvenir and Political History of Michigan (James H. Wellings). State Republican, Lansing, Michigan, p. 43.

Stevens, Albert C. 1899 The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities. Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, New York City.

Turner, Frank N. 1924 An Account of Ingham County from its Organization. Historic Michigan Land of the Lakes, Vol. III, George N. Fuller, editor. National Historical Association.

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 2004 Reconnaissance Report Master Plan for Grand River at Lansing, Michigan. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District, August 2004.

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

______

Previous documentation on file (NPS):

____ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested __X_ previously listed in the National Register ____ previously determined eligible by the National Register ____ designated a National Historic Landmark ____ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #______recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ______recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ______

Primary location of additional data: _X__ State Historic Preservation Office ____ Other State agency ____ Federal agency ____ Local government ____ University ____ Other Name of repository: ______

Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): ______

______10. Geographical Data

Acreage of Property _±34 (added to 11 acres in original district)______

Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates

Latitude/Longitude Coordinates Datum if other than WGS84:______(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) 1. Latitude: Longitude:

2. Latitude: Longitude:

3. Latitude: Longitude:

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 4. Latitude: Longitude:

Or UTM References Datum (indicated on USGS map):

NAD 1927 or NAD 1983

1. Zone: Easting: Northing:

2. Zone: Easting: Northing:

3. Zone: Easting: Northing:

4. Zone: Easting : Northing:

Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.)

Property in the City of Lansing, Ingham County, MI, described as follows: Beginning at center of W. Cesar Chavez Ave. at the intersection of N. Capitol Ave. then S along the centerline of N. Capitol Ave. to a point opposite the rear lot line of 127 W. Cesar Chavez, then E along the rear (south) lot lines of 127 through 119 W. Cesar Chavez, then S along the rear lot lines of 1115 through 1101-03 N. Washington Ave., crossing W. Maple St., then S. along the rear lot lines of 1035 through 1011 N Washington Ave., crossing W. Kilborn St., then S. along the rear lot lines of 935 through 901 N. Washington Ave., to the center line of E. Oakland Ave.; then E to the intersection of N. Washington Ave., then N along the centerline of N. Washington Ave. to a point opposite the south lot line of 914 E. Washington Ave., then E to the rear lot line of 914 E. Washington, then N along the rear lot lines of 914 and 920 N. Washington Ave. to the north lot line of 920 W. Washington Ave. , then W along this lot line to the centerline of N. Washington Ave., then N along this centerline to the intersection with E. Kilborn St., then E along this centerline to a point opposite the rear lot line of 1006 N. Washington, then N along the rear lot lines of 1000 through 1016 N. Washington Ave. to the S lot line of 1026 N. Washington Ave, then E along this line along the S edge of W. Burchard Park to the west bank of the Grand River, then Northerly along this bank to the Grand River / North Lansing Dam, then Easterly across this dam to the east bank of the Grand River at the Brenke Fish Ladder, the southerly and easterly around this structure in E. Burchard Park to the former centerline of Factory St. (southward extension of the existing street), then N along this center line to the intersection of E. Maple St., then E along this centerline to the intersection of Center St., the N along the centerline of Center St. to a point opposite the south lot line of 1110 Center St., then E along this line to the rear lot

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State line of 1110 Center St., then N to the rear lot line of 410-412 East Cesar E. Chavez Ave., then S along the west line of 412 E. Cesar Chavez Ave. (parking lot) to the center line of E. Maple St., then E along this centerline, crossing N. Cedar St., then E to a point opposite the east lot line of 1106 N. Cedar St., then N along this line to the north lot line, then W along this line to the east lot line of 516 E. Cesar Chavez Ave., then N along this line to the center line of E. Cesar Chavez Ave., then E along the center line of E. Cesar Chavez, crossing N. Larch St., to a point opposite the east lot line of 611 E. Cesar Chavez, then N along this line to the north lot line of 611 E. Cesar Chavez, then west along this line, crossing N. Larch St. to the rear (north) lot line of 527-539 E. Cesar Chavez Ave., then continuing W along the rear lot lines of 505 through 523 E. Cesar Chavez to the center line of N. Cedar St, then S along this center line to the intersection of E. Cesar Chavez Ave., then W along this center line to a point opposite the east lot line of 401-07 E. Cesar Chavez Ave., then north along this line along the rear lot lines of 1206-08, 1212, 1204 and a vacant lot to the center line of Liberty St., then E along this centerline to a point opposite the rear (east) lot line of 1300 Center St., then N along this line to the north lot line, then W along this north lot line of 1300 to the center line of Center St., then N to the intersection of Clinton St., then W along the center line of Clinton St. to the intersection of Turner St., then S along this center line to a point opposite the north lot line of 1227 Turner St., then W along this line to the east bank of the Grand River, then south along this bank to the E. Cesar Chavez Ave. bridge, then W along the bridge to the east bank of the Grand River, then N along this bank to the rear (north) lot line of 119 E. Cesar Chavez Ave., then W along the rear lot lines of 119 through 101-05 E. Cesar Chavez Ave. to the center line of N. Washington Ave., then N along this centerline to a point opposite the rear (north) lot line of 108 W. E. Cesar Chavez Ave., then W along this line to the W line of this lot, then S to the rear lot line of 112-114 W. Cesar Chavez Ave., then W along the rear lot lines of 112-114 through 122 W. Cesar Chavez, then S along the west lot line of 122 to the center line of W. Cesar Chavez Ave. then W along this centerline to the intersection of N. Capitol Ave./Point of Beginning.

Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.)

This boundary defines the area that includes North Lansing’s historic commercial buildings, school, and religious buildings, and houses associated with community leaders and its historic middle class. • On the north, the blocks contain modern manufacturing and a residential neighborhood. • On the east, the district is adjoined by a low density commercial and a residential neighborhood. • On the west are residential neighborhoods, generally of more modest construction; and • On the south, is the multi-lane M-43/E. Oakland Ave. business route, dispersed commercial, a salvage yard, and residential blocks.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State

______11. Form Prepared By

name/title: _William Rutter______organization: ______street & number: _4483 Meridian Road ______city or town: Williamston______state: _MI______zip code: _48895____ e-mail: [email protected]______telephone: _(906) 399-9907______date: _3/1/2019______

______

Additional Documentation

Submit the following items with the completed form:

• Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.

• Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map.

• Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.)

Photographs

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph.

Photo Log

Name of Property: North Lansing Historic Commercial District City or Vicinity: Lansing County: Ingham State: Michigan Photographer: William E. Rutter Date Photographed: November – December 2017

Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera:

1 of 27: Center Street 1200 block E side streetscape at E 400 block Cesar E. Chavez Ave., facing NE. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0001.tif

2 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 100 block S side at 1100 block N. Washington Ave., streetscape, facing SE. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0002.tif

3 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 100 block N side streetscape, facing NW (119 at right). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0003.tif

4 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 200 block south side streetscape, facing SW (208 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0004.tif

5 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 300 block north side streetscape, facing NE (303 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0005.tif

6 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 300 block north side streetscape, facing NW (313 at right). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0006.tif

7 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 300 block north side streetscape, facing NE (317 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0007.tif

8 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 300 block north side streetscape, facing NW (329 at right). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0008.tif

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North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State 9 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 300 block south side streetscape, facing SW (308 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0009.tif

10 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E 400 block south side streetscape, facing SW (412 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0010.tif

11 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. E. 500 block north side streetscape, facing NE (505 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0011.tif

12 of 27: Cesar E. Chavez Ave. W 100 block south side streetscape at 1100 block N Washington Ave., facing SW. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0012.tif

13 of 27: Turner Street 1200 block east side streetscape, facing NE (1208 at right). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0013.tif

14 of 27: Turner Street 1200 block west side streetscape, facing NW (1207 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0014.tif

15 of 27: Washington Ave. N 900 block west side streetscape, facing NW (901 at left). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0015.tif

16 of 27: Washington Ave. N 1000 block west side streetscape, facing SW (1025 at right). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0016.tif

17 of 27: Washington Ave. N 1100 block west side streetscape, facing SW (1135 at right). MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0017.tif

18 of 27: 1106 N. Cedar Street, Cedar Street School, west (facade) and north elevation, facing NE. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0018.tif

19 of 27: 212 E. Cesar E. Chavez Ave., Cady-Glassbrook Building, east elevation, facing W MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0019.tif

20 of 27: 502 E. Cesar E. Chavez Ave., First Methodist Church, north (facade) and east elevation, facing SW. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0020.tif

21 of 27: 108 W. Cesar E. Chavez Ave., Franklin Ave. / North Presbyterian Church, south (façade) and east elevation, facing NW. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0021.tif

22 of 27: The Grand River, North Lansing Dam, facing S/SE

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018

North Lansing Historic Commercial District (Additional Ingham County, Michigan Documentation and Boundary Increase) Name of Property County and State MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0022.tif

23 of 27: East bank of the Grand River, North Lansing Dam Power House, north and east elevations, facing SW MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0023.tif

24 of 27: East bank of the Grand River Brenke Fish Ladder, facing W MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0024.tif

25 of 27: 1250 Turner Street, Grange Building, west (façade) and north elevation, facing SE MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0025.tif

26 of 27: 935 N. Washington Ave., Michigan Education Association Building, east façade, facing W. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0026.tif

27 of 27: 1100 N. Washington Ave., Odd Fellows Temple, west (façade) and south elevation, facing E/NE. MI_Ingham County_North Lansing Commercial Historic District_0027.tif

Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC.

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N 84.55625° W 84.554167° W 84.552083° W 84.55° W 84.547917° W 84.545833° W 84.54375° W 84.541667° W N

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