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Fuel Properties Comparison
Alternative Fuels Data Center Fuel Properties Comparison Compressed Liquefied Low Sulfur Gasoline/E10 Biodiesel Propane (LPG) Natural Gas Natural Gas Ethanol/E100 Methanol Hydrogen Electricity Diesel (CNG) (LNG) Chemical C4 to C12 and C8 to C25 Methyl esters of C3H8 (majority) CH4 (majority), CH4 same as CNG CH3CH2OH CH3OH H2 N/A Structure [1] Ethanol ≤ to C12 to C22 fatty acids and C4H10 C2H6 and inert with inert gasses 10% (minority) gases <0.5% (a) Fuel Material Crude Oil Crude Oil Fats and oils from A by-product of Underground Underground Corn, grains, or Natural gas, coal, Natural gas, Natural gas, coal, (feedstocks) sources such as petroleum reserves and reserves and agricultural waste or woody biomass methanol, and nuclear, wind, soybeans, waste refining or renewable renewable (cellulose) electrolysis of hydro, solar, and cooking oil, animal natural gas biogas biogas water small percentages fats, and rapeseed processing of geothermal and biomass Gasoline or 1 gal = 1.00 1 gal = 1.12 B100 1 gal = 0.74 GGE 1 lb. = 0.18 GGE 1 lb. = 0.19 GGE 1 gal = 0.67 GGE 1 gal = 0.50 GGE 1 lb. = 0.45 1 kWh = 0.030 Diesel Gallon GGE GGE 1 gal = 1.05 GGE 1 gal = 0.66 DGE 1 lb. = 0.16 DGE 1 lb. = 0.17 DGE 1 gal = 0.59 DGE 1 gal = 0.45 DGE GGE GGE Equivalent 1 gal = 0.88 1 gal = 1.00 1 gal = 0.93 DGE 1 lb. = 0.40 1 kWh = 0.027 (GGE or DGE) DGE DGE B20 DGE DGE 1 gal = 1.11 GGE 1 kg = 1 GGE 1 gal = 0.99 DGE 1 kg = 0.9 DGE Energy 1 gallon of 1 gallon of 1 gallon of B100 1 gallon of 5.66 lb., or 5.37 lb. -
Toyota Canada Mirai Launch Fast Facts • Since the Toyota Prius
Toyota Canada Mirai Launch Fast Facts Since the Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicle first went on sale in 2000, Toyota Canada has sold close to 160,000 electrified vehicles in Canada In June 2017 Toyota Canada launched the Prius Prime Plug-in Electric Vehicle exclusively in Quebec. o After the first 2 months of sale, the Prime had outsold the previous generation Prius Plug-in’s best year ever. o In 2017 Quebeckers embraced the Prius Prime, pick up 708 units; Prius Prime sales have surpassed the previous Prius Plug-in generation best year ever by 300% o Because of the success in Quebec, Toyota Canada is launching the Prius Prime to the rest of Canada starting with the 2018 model year Since the launch of the Prius Prime, over 40 per cent of advanced powertrain vehicles sold in Québec are Toyota or Lexus models; the highest share of any automaker. Electrified vehicles: Toyota believes that when it comes to motoring there is no single solution to reduction of Green House Gases, the solution is what we refer to as ‘right vehicle, right place, right time’. Internal Combustion Engines (ICE): Efficient Internal Combustion Engines demonstrate how far conventional vehicles have come (Tacoma Atkinson cycle V6, Highlander Start&Stop, Corolla valvematic on CVTi-S Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV): Toyota has experienced global success with hybrid electric vehicles, Prius and other hybrid models demonstrate that customers can adopt new technologies gradually. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PHEV): Allow drivers to enjoy the benefit of shorter EV only trips, but no range anxiety on longer distances. -
Making Markets for Hydrogen Vehicles: Lessons from LPG
Making Markets for Hydrogen Vehicles: Lessons from LPG Helen Hu and Richard Green Department of Economics and Institute for Energy Research and Policy University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Hu: [email protected] Green: [email protected] +44 121 415 8216 (corresponding author) Abstract The adoption of liquefied petroleum gas vehicles is strongly linked to the break-even distance at which they have the same costs as conventional cars, with very limited market penetration at break-even distances above 40,000 km. Hydrogen vehicles are predicted to have costs by 2030 that should give them a break-even distance of less than this critical level. It will be necessary to ensure that there are sufficient refuelling stations for hydrogen to be a convenient choice for drivers. While additional LPG stations have led to increases in vehicle numbers, and increases in vehicles have been followed by greater numbers of refuelling stations, these effects are too small to give self-sustaining growth. Supportive policies for both vehicles and refuelling stations will be required. 1. Introduction While hydrogen offers many advantages as an energy vector within a low-carbon energy system [1, 2, 3], developing markets for hydrogen vehicles is likely to be a challenge. Put bluntly, there is no point in buying a vehicle powered by hydrogen, unless there are sufficient convenient places to re-fuel it. Nor is there any point in providing a hydrogen refuelling station unless there are vehicles that will use the facility. What is the most effective way to get round this “chicken and egg” problem? Data from trials of hydrogen vehicles can provide information on driver behaviour and charging patterns, but extrapolating this to the development of a mass market may be difficult. -
Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light Duty Vehicles
Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles An MIT Energy Initiative Symposium April 19, 2012 MIT Energy Initiative Symposium on Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles | April 19, 2012 C Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles An MIT Energy Initiative Symposium April 19, 2012 ABOUT THE REPORT Summary for Policy Makers The April 19, 2012, MIT Energy Initiative Symposium addressed Prospects for Bi-Fuel and Flex-Fuel Light-Duty Vehicles. The symposium focused on natural gas, biofuels, and motor gasoline as fuels for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) with a time horizon of the next two to three decades. The important transportation alternatives of electric and hybrid vehicles (this was the subject of the 2010 MITEi Symposium1) and hydrogen/fuel-cell vehicles, a longer-term alternative, were not considered. There are three motivations for examining alternative transportation fuels for LDVs: (1) lower life cycle cost of transportation for the consumer, (2) reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of the transportation sector (an important contributor to total US GHG emissions), and (3) improved energy security resulting from greater use of domestic fuels and reduced liquid fuel imports. An underlying question is whether a flex-fuel/bi-fuel mandate for new LDVs would drive development of a robust alternative fuels market and infrastructure versus alternative fuel use requirements. Symposium participants agreed on these motivations. However, in this symposium in contrast to past symposiums, there was a striking lack of agreement about the direction to which the market might evolve, about the most promising technologies, and about desirable government action. -
Tracking the California Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Market Released February 2018
California Green Vehicle Report TM Publication Sponsored By: Tracking the California hybrid and electric vehicle market Released February 2018 TOP SELLING MODELS Top 20 Selling Alternative Powertrain Vehicles in California Rankings based on new retail light vehicle registrations during 2017 Includes hybrid, plug in hybrid, electric, and fuel cell powered vehicles Rank Model Powertrain type New retail registrations 1 Toyota Prius Hybrid 31090 2 Chevrolet Bolt Electric 13487 Best Sellers in California 3 Tesla Model S Electric 11813 4 Chevrolet Volt Plug In Hybrid 11117 Hybrid Toyota Prius 5 Toyota Prius Plug In Hybrid 9645 Toyota RAV4 6 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 8380 Ford Fusion 7 Ford Fusion Hybrid 7989 8 Tesla Model X Electric 6910 Plug In Hybrid 9 Toyota Camry Hybrid 5506 Chevrolet Volt Toyota Prius 10 Kia Niro Hybrid 5165 Ford Fusion 11 Ford Fusion Plug In Hybrid 5093 12 Fiat 500 Electric 4943 Electric 13 Honda Accord Hybrid 4937 Chevrolet Bolt 14 Nissan Leaf Electric 4418 Tesla Model S 15 Toyota Highlander Hybrid 3700 Tesla Model X 16 Volkswagen Golf Electric 3202 Fuel Cell 17 Lexus Ct200H Hybrid 3183 Toyota Mirai 18 Ford C-Max Plug In Hybrid 3183 Honda Clarity 19 BMW I3 Plug In Hybrid 2865 Hyundai Tucson 20 Lexus RX Hybrid 2827 Data Source: IHS Markit. Note: alternative powertrain consists of all non-gasoline or diesel powered vehicles. California Green Vehicle Report Published by: Auto Outlook, Inc. PO Box 390 Exton, PA 19341. Phone 800-206-0102 Email: [email protected] Any material quoted must be attributed to California Green Vehicle Report, published by Auto Outlook, Inc. -
90 Day Taxi Report May Through July 2019
DATE: October 10, 2019 TO: SFMTA Board of Directors Malcolm Heinicke, Chair Gwyneth Borden, Vice Chair Cheryl Brinkman, Director Amanda Eaken, Director Steve Heminger, Director Cristina Rubke, Director Art Torres, Director THROUGH: Tom Maguire Interim Director of Transportation FROM: Kate Toran Director of Taxis and Accessible Services SUBJECT: Second Quarterly Report on Taxi Medallion Rules at San Francisco International Airport: May – July 2019 Introduction The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) is providing a regular quarterly update to the Board regarding the implementation of the new airport taxi rules, which imposed restrictions on the types of taxi medallions that are authorized to provide a taxicab trip originating at San Francisco International Airport (SFO or Airport). The first quarterly report provides background information and tracks the first quarter of implementation of the new SFO rules, February through April 2019. This second quarterly report tracks progress in meeting the policy goals, from the time period from May through July, comparing the three-month time period in 2018 “before” with the same three-month period in 2019 “after” the Airport rule changes. Comparing the same three-month period from year to year helps exclude any seasonal variation, and assures the comparison is for the same number of days in the quarter; both factors can significantly impact taxi ridership. One major continuing issue is with poor data quality sent by the taxicabs, aggregated by color scheme, and transmitted by their dispatch service and/or data provider. The transmittals contain a large amount of data that do not appear to be valid trip or activity records, and inconsistencies vary across different dispatch companies. -
Supported Vehicles List
[en]=> SEO CANsafe P/N 215110xx (U193_51_10) -- 1 -- 2021-09-28 Cars 1) ABARTH 124 SPIDER year: 2016=> 2) ABARTH 595 year: 2016=> 3) ABARTH 695 year: 2017=> 4) ACURA RDX year: 2010=> 5) ACURA RDX year: 2007=> 6) ACURA TL year: 2004=> 7) ACURA TLX year: 2015=> 8) ACURA TSX year: 2009=> 9) ACURA TSX year: 2004=> 10) ALFA ROMEO 159 year: 2005=> 11) ALFA ROMEO BRERA year: 2008=> 12) ALFA ROMEO GIULIA year: 2017=> 13) ALFA ROMEO GIULIETTA year: 2013=> 14) ALFA ROMEO GIULIETTA year: 2010=> 15) ALFA ROMEO GT year: 2005=> 16) ALFA ROMEO MITO year: 2014=> 17) ALFA ROMEO MITO year: 2009=> 18) ALFA ROMEO STELVIO year: 2018=> 19) ASTON MARTIN DB11 year: 2017=> 20) ASTON MARTIN VANTAGE V8 year: 2009=> 21) AUDI A1 (GB) (Start-button) year: 2019=> 22) AUDI A1 (8X) year: 2015=> 23) AUDI A1 (8X) year: 2010=> 24) AUDI A3 (GY) (Start-button) year: 2021=> 25) AUDI A3 (GY) (Automatic-transmission) year: 2021=> 26) AUDI A3 (8V) (Start-button) year: 2017=> 27) AUDI A3 (8V) (Regular-key) year: 2017=> 28) AUDI A3 (8V) (Regular-key) year: 2015=> 29) AUDI A3 (8V) (Start-button) year: 2015=> 30) AUDI A3 (8V) year: 2013=> 31) AUDI A3 / S3 (8P) year: 2010=> 32) AUDI A3 / S3 (8P) year: 2003=> 33) AUDI A4 (F4) year: 2019=> 34) AUDI A4 (F4) year: 2016=> 35) AUDI A4 (FL) year: 2012=> 36) AUDI A4 / S4 (8K) year: 2008=> 37) AUDI A4 / S4 (8E) year: 2005=> 38) AUDI A4 / S4 (8E) year: 2001=> 39) AUDI A5 (F5) year: 2020=> 40) AUDI A5 (F5) year: 2017=> 41) AUDI A5 (AF) year: 2013=> 42) AUDI A5 (8T) year: 2013=> 43) AUDI A5 / S5 (8T) year: 2007=> 44) AUDI A6 (F2) year: 2019=> -
2009 Fuel Cell Market Report, November 2010
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 2009 FUEL CELL MARKET REPORT NOVEMBER 2010 Authors This report was written primarily by Bill Vincent of the Breakthrough Technologies Institute in Washington, DC, with significant assistance from Jennifer Gangi, Sandra Curtin, and Elizabeth Delmont. Acknowledgement This report was the result of hard work and valuable contributions from government staff and the fuel cell industry. The authors especially wish to thank Sunita Satyapal, Nancy Garland and the staff of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fuel Cell Technologies Program for their support and guidance in the preparation of this report. The authors also wish to thank Robert Rose and Robert Wichert of the U.S. Fuel Cell Council, Lisa Callaghan-Jerram of Fuel Cell Today Consulting, Rachel Gelman of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Jennifer Gangi, Sandra Curtin, and Elizabeth Delmont from Fuel Cells 2000, and the many others who made this report possible. Table of Contents List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Financials...................................................................................................................................................... -
FUELING the TOYOTA MIRAI Fueling Your Mirai with Hydrogen Mirai Refueling Tips
FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLE FUELING THE TOYOTA MIRAI Fueling your Mirai with Hydrogen Mirai Refueling Tips Hydrogen Basics Several Factors Affect Refueling Your FCEV Hydrogen (H2) tank capacity is described using mass in kilograms • The design capacity of the station (kg), unlike the volume units for gasoline (gallons, liters, etc.). • The availability of hydrogen fuel at the station 1 kg of H2 has approximately the same energy as 1 gallon of • The ambient temperature (a warmer temperature will increase gasoline. Because FCEVs are about 2x as efficient as gasoline the fueling time) vehicles, less fuel is needed. The Mirai holds approximately 5 kgs. The amount of fuel in the vehicle tank is described as the State of Communication Fills Charge (SOC). Most stations are designed to provide between 95~100% SOC, but may be less during periods of high demand. The Mirai is equipped with infrared communication that allows the After refueling your Mirai, the indicated driving range will be station to provide a "full" vehicle tank, typically between 95-100% SOC, based on two factors, the ending SOC of the fuel tank and the using an H70 nozzle. average past fuel economy. If the infrared communication system between the station and vehicle is not working, then the station will only provide a partial fill. Fueling a Mirai H35 vs. H70 Standards Depending on the design of the station, this will result in 1/2 ~ 3/4 full Fueling the Toyota Mirai is similar to fueling a Some hydrogen fueling stations have two different fueling nozzles: tank indicated on the fuel gauge, and reduced indicated driving range. -
[En]=> (LV-CAN200)
[en]=> (LV-CAN200) year program № from Rear right door Total CNG use CNG level (in kilograms) Ignition Engine is working on CNG Front left door Front right door Rear left door Trunk cover Engine cover (Hood) Charging cable connected Charging the battery Electric engine working Oil pressure / level Washer fluid level indicator turned Low AdBlue level Total mileage of the vehicle (dashboard) Vehicle mileage - (counted) Total fuel consumption Total fuel consumption - (counted) Fuel level (in percent) Fuel level (in liters) Engine speed (RPM) Engine temperature Vehicle speed Acceleration pedal position Total CNG consumption - (counted) CNG level (in percent) 1 ABARTH 124 SPIDER 2016 → 12259 2020-06-30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 ABARTH 595 2016 → 12687 2019-05-30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 3 ABARTH 695 2017 → 12687 2019-05-30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4 ACURA RDX 2010 → 11113 2017-09-01 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 5 ACURA RDX 2007 → 11113 2017-09-01 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 6 ACURA TL 2004 → 11167 2017-09-01 + + + + + + + + + + + + 7 ACURA TLX 2015 → 12363 2019-05-19 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 8 ACURA TSX 2009 → 12578 2019-01-16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 9 ACURA TSX 2004 → 11167 2017-09-01 + + + + + + + + + + + + 10 ALFA ROMEO 159 2005 → 11128 2017-09-01 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 11 ALFA ROMEO BRERA 2008 → 11128 2017-09-01 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 12 ALFA ROMEO GIULIA 2017 → 12242 2019-05-22 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 13 ALFA ROMEO GIULIETTA 2013 → 11127 2019-04-10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 14 ALFA ROMEO -
20 19 Toyota Fleet Guide
2019 TOYOTA FLEET GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS A message from our President Thank you for your support. To our long-standing fleet vehicle partners, we thank you for your support. If this is your first time considering Toyota Canada as your fleet vehicle provider, we welcome the opportunity to showcase our complete lineup of Toyota cars and trucks. Overall cost of ownership is one of the most important factors when considering a fleet vehicle. We are proud of Toyota’s reputation for providing long-lasting value, and of the outstanding recognition we receive year after year for our quality, dependability and safety. Toyota believes, no matter the destination, everyone deserves to arrive safely. This is why the suite of advanced safety features we call Toyota Safety SenseTM (TSS), comes standard on virtually all of our models. Our leadership in advanced technology is a strong demonstration of Toyota’s Thank you. investment in the future of mobility. This commitment to innovation extends to our broad lineup of alternative powertrain technologies – including the Prius Prime plug-in hybrid electric and the soon-to-come Mirai fuel cell electric vehicle. Larry Hutchinson We look forward to working with you, our fleet partners, and to ensuring you President and CEO, Toyota Canada Inc. continue to find the perfect vehicle for your business needs. 3 50+ YEARS OF GROWTH IN CANADA #1 11.5 Canada’s largest vehicle Billion in total investment manufacturer. $ in Canada. 22,300 571,535 Employees in Canada, Vehicles made in Canada. located in every province 210 073 Corolla, 247,633 RAV4, and Yukon. -
Section 3.4 Fuel Cells
2016 FUEL CELLS SECTION 3.4 Fuel Cells Fuel cells efficiently convert diverse fuels directly into electricity without combustion, and they are key elements of a broad portfolio for building a competitive, secure, and sustainable clean energy economy. They offer a broad range of benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions; reduced oil consumption; expanded use of renewable power (through the use of hydrogen derived from renewable resources as a transportation fuel as well as for energy storage and transmission); highly efficient energy conversion; fuel flexibility (use of diverse, domestic fuels, including hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, and methanol); reduced air pollution, criteria pollutants, water use; and highly reliable grid support. Fuel cells also have numerous advantages that make them appealing for end users, including quiet operation, low maintenance needs, and high reliability. Because of their broad applicability and diverse uses, fuel cells can address critical challenges in all energy sectors: commercial, residential, industrial, and transportation. The fuel cell industry had revenues of approximately $2.2 billion in 2014, an increase of almost $1 billion over revenues in 2013.1 The largest markets for fuel cells today are in stationary power, portable power, auxiliary power units, backup power, and material handling equipment. Approximately 155,000 fuel cells were shipped worldwide in the four-year period from 2010 through 2013, accounting for 510–583 MW of fuel cell capacity.2 In 2014 alone, more than 50,000 fuel cells accounting for over 180 MW of capacity were shipped.1 In transportation applications, manufacturers have begun to commercialize fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Hyundai and Toyota have recently introduced their FCEVs in the marketplace, and Honda is set to launch its new FCEV in the market in 2016.