for Establishment of Canara Industrial Area In Villages Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu of Taluk Bantwal, District Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka
Schedule 7(c) – Industrial Estates / Parks/ Complexes/ Areas, EPZs, SEZs, Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes & Category ‘A’ tor compliance TOR COMPLIANCE
COMPLIANCETOTERMS OF REFERENCE ISSUED BY EXPERT APPRAISAL COMITTEE, MoEF&CC (Ref:F.No21‐135/2015‐IA.III dated12.11.2015) S.No. Terms of Reference Compliance 1 Reasons for selecting the site with details The details of the Site Selection of alternate sites examined / rejected / Criterion are given in the Chapter selected on merit with comparative 5. statement and reason / basis for selection. The examination should justify site suitability in terms of environmental damage, resources sustainability associated with selected site as compared to rejected sites. The analysis should include parameters considered along with weightage criteria for short‐listing selected site. 2 Submit the details of the land use break‐ Please refer Table No. 2.1, Chapter up for the proposed project. Details of – 2 for the land use break up. land use around 10 km radius of the Details of the land use around 10 project site. Analysis should be made km radius from the project site based on latest satellite imagery for land are briefed on Chapter 3, section use with raw images. 3.9. 3 Submit details of environmentally The Environmental Sensitivity of sensitive places, land acquisition status, the project site is given in the rehabilitation of Communities / villages Table 2.2. and present status of such activities. KIADB has acquired land as per KIADB Act 1966, currently land is under possession of KIADB. Appropriate compensation is paid to land losers. 4 Examine the impact of proposed project The project site is considerably on the nearest settlements. remote area. There are no major settlements within 500 m radius from the project boundary. Please refer fig. 2.3, Topo map of the project site. 5 Examine baseline environmental quality Please refer Chapter 3, along with projected incremental load Description of the Environment. due to the project taking into account of
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the existing developments nearby. 6 Environmental data to be considered in Please refer Chapter 3, relation to the project development Description of the Environment. would be (a) land, (b) groundwater, (c) surface water, (d) air, (e) bio‐diversity, (f) noise and vibrations, (g) socio economic and health. 7 Submit a copy of the contour plan with Drainage Map of the 10 km radius slopes, drainage pattern of the site and given in the Fig. No. 3.18. surrounding area. 8 Details regarding project boundary The proposed project is not passing through any eco‐sensitive area located within 10 km from any eco and within 10 km from eco‐sensitive – sensitive area. area. 9 Green buffer in the form of green belt to a KIADB will provide 15 m buffer all width of 15 meters should be provided all along the site boundary & same along the periphery of the industrial area. has been marked in the site The individual units should keep 33% of layout. Please refer Fig 2.2 for the the allotted area as a green area. Master Layout. 10 Submit the details of the trees to be At this stage we cannot envisage felled for the project. number of trees to be felled. While establishment any trees felled we will do compensatory plantation.
11 Submit the details of the infrastructure Please refer point 2.1 Project Back to be developed. ground of Chapter 2. 12 Submit the present land use and The present land use is Govt. land permission required for any conversion converted into Industrial use. A such as forest, agriculture etc. patch of forest land having extent of 59 Acres is located within project site. The forest land will not be used for any of the project activity, as well as all possible precautionary measures will be taken for protecting the forest.
13 Submit details regarding R&R KIADB has acquired the land for involved in the project. proposed project as per KIAD Act 1966. The acquired land is barren
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land & area is devoid of any residential settlements. KIADB has paid compensation to land losers as per KIAD Act, 1966. 14 Zoning of the area in terms of 'type of After obtaining Environmental industries' coming‐up in the industrial Clearance, KIADB will allot area based on the resource requirement industrial plots. While allotting along with likely pollutants with quantity plots depending upon the probable from the various industries. occupiers, proponent will do zoning based on the resource requirement & pollution potential. 15 The project boundary area and study area Please refer Fig 2.1 for the project for which the base line data is generated boundary and 10 km study area. should be indicated through a suitable Please refer Chapter 3, Point No. map. Justification of the parameters, 3.10 onwards. frequency and locations shall be discussed in the EIA. 16 Submit Legal frame work for the Please refer Table 1.2 Legal implementation of Environmental framework. Clearance conditions ‐ to be clearly spelt out in the EIA report. 17 Submit Roles and responsibility of the A separate EMP cell equipped developer etc for compliance of with lab facilities will be set up to environmental regulations under the carry out the Environment provisions of EP Act. Management & Monitoring functions.
18 Site justification of the identified industry After obtaining Environmental sectors from environmental angle and the Clearance form MoEF&CC, KIADB details of the studies conducted if any. will allot Industrial plots. During plot allotment respective industry will carry out such studies if necessary. 19 Ground water classification as per the As per CGWA classification the Central Ground Water Authority. proposed project site comes under safe zone.
20 Submit the source of water, requirement Please refer chapter 2 section 2.8 vis‐à‐vis waste water to be generated Water Supply, along with treatment facilities, use of
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treated waste water along with water balance chart taking into account all forms of water use and management.
21 Rain water harvesting proposals should Geotechnical Study has been be made with due safeguards for ground carried out for the proposed water quality. Maximize recycling of project & based on the findings of water and utilization of rain water. the same rain water harvesting Examine details. proposed. Please refer section 4.4.3 Water Environment.
22 Examine soil characteristics and depth Geotechnical Study has been of ground water table for rainwater carried out for the proposed harvesting. project & based on the findings of the same rain water harvesting proposed. Please refer 4.4.3 Water Environment, page no. 86 onwards
23 Examine details of solid waste Please refer chapter 2, section 2.10 generation treatment and its disposal. solid waste generation, collection, transport & disposal.
24 Examine and submit details of use of Solar street lamps will be utilized solar energy and alternative source of for the proposed project as well as energy to reduce the fossil energy KIADB will insist member consumption. industries to use non‐ conventional sources of energy.
25 In case DG sets are likely to be used A 1000 KVA DG set will be during construction and operational operated to meet the emergency phase of the project, emissions from DG power requirements. Adequate sets must be taken into consideration stack height will be provided. while estimating the impacts on air environment. Examine and submit details.
26 Examine road/rail connectivity to the Please refer chapter 2, section 2.5 project site and impact on the traffic due connectivity to the project site. to the proposed project. Present and Traffic Study has been appended
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future traffic and transport facilities for as Annexure II. the region should be analyzed with measures for preventing traffic congestion and providing faster trouble free system to reach different destinations in the city.
27 A detailed traffic and transportation Traffic Study has been appended study should be made for existing and as Annexure II. projected passenger and cargo traffic. 28 Examine the details of transport of Mainly KIADB will develop roads, materials for construction which should sewerage network, storm water include source and availability. drain, water supply pipelines, STP etc. The raw material will be procured from nearest available source within 50 km from project site. Fly ash will be utilized for construction.
29 Examine the details of National SH 101 connecting Surathakal to Highways/State Highways/ expressways Kabaka is 8.6 km on East falling along the corridor and the impact direction, NH 48 Mangalore of the development on them. Bangalore Highway is about 8 km on North direction. Additional traffic will be added but overall impact on the level of Service will not be adverse as Level of Service will remain fair. Please refer Annexure II ‐ Traffic Study.
30 Examine noise levels ‐ present and For existing noise level, please future with noise abatement measures. refer Table 3.15 Ambient Noise Levels Recorded in the Study Area. Please refer 4.4.4 Impacts & Noise abatement measures.
31 Identify, predict and assess the Please refer Chapter 4 for various environmental and sociological impacts impacts and mitigation measures. on account of the project. A detailed For Corporate Social
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description with costs estimates of CSR Responsibility, refer chapter 8, should be incorporated in the EIA / EMP section 8.5. report. 32 Examine separately the details for Please refer Chapter 6 for construction and operation phases both Environmental Monitoring Plan & for Environmental Management Plan and Chapter 10 Environment Environmental Monitoring Plan with cost Management Plan. and parameters. 33 Submit details of a comprehensive Please refer Chapter 7 Additional Disaster Management Plan including Studies, section 7.3 for Disaster emergency evacuation during natural and Management plan. man‐made disaster. 3 4 Any further clarification on carrying out We have referred the said manual the above studies including anticipated while preparing EIA report. impacts due to the project & mitigative measures, project proponent can refer to the model TOR available on Ministry website “http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Industrial Estate”
VI index TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 11 1.1 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 11
1.2 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 12
1.3 REGULATORY FRAME WORK ...... 12
1.4 EIA CONSULTANT ...... 14
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT ...... 15
1.6 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY ...... 16
1.7 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY ...... 16
1.8 APPROVED TOR FOR EIA STUDY BY MOEF&CC ...... 17
1.9 PLAN OF ACTION ...... 17
1.10 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT ...... 18
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 19 2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 19
2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE SELECTION OF PROJECT SITE ...... 22
2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT SITE ...... 22
2.4 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 23
2.5 CONNECTIVITY TO THE PROJECT SITE ...... 28
2.6 OCCUPANCY DETAILS ...... 28
2.7 POWER REQUIREMENT ...... 28
2.8 WATER SUPPLY ...... 30
2.9 SEWAGE GENERATION ...... 31
2.10 SOLID WASTE GENERATION, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT & DISPOSAL ...... 33
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 35 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 35
3.2 SCOPE OF THE BASELINE STUDY ...... 35 i TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.3 TEMPERATURE ...... 37
3.4 WIND PATTERN AT PROPOSED SITE ...... 41
3.5 RAINFALL...... 44
3.6 RELATIVE HUMIDITY ...... 45
3.7 NATURAL HAZARD VULNERABILITY ...... 46
3.8 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE ...... 47
3.9 EXISTING LAND USE ...... 48
3.10 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 50
3.10.1 Selection of sampling location ...... 50
3.10.2 Instruments for Sampling ...... 51
3.10.3 Sampling and Analytical Technique ...... 51
3.10.4 Calibration ...... 52
3.10.5 Presentation of Data ...... 52
3.10.6 Observations ...... 54
3.11 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 55
3.11.1 Identification of Sampling Location ...... 56
3.11.2 Instrument Used For Monitoring ...... 57
3.11.3 Method of Monitoring ...... 5 7
3.11.4 Presentation of Result ...... 58
3.11.5 Observation ...... 58
3.12 WATER REQUIREMENT ...... 59
3.12.1 Selection of Sampling Location ...... 59
3.12.2 Water Sampling Location ...... 59
3.12.3 Presentation of Result ...... 61
3.12.4 Observations ...... 67
ii TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.13 SOIL ENVIRONMENT ...... 67
3.13.1 Data Generation...... 68
3.13.2 Soil Sampling ...... 68
3.13.3 Presentation of Result ...... 69
3.13.4 Baseline Soil Status ...... 72
3.14 GEOLOGY & HYDRO GEOLOGY ASPECTS ...... 72
3.14.1 Geomorphology ...... 72
3.14.2 Soil ...... 73
3.14.3 Surface water ...... 73
3.14.4 Hydrogeology ...... 74
3.15 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 75
3.16 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY ...... 78
3.17 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE ...... 78
3.17.1 Methodology ...... 78
3.17.2 Source of Information ...... 79
3.17.3 Social Profile ...... 79
3.17.4 Settlement Pattern ...... 79
3.17.5 Population ...... 79
3.17.6 Summary of the Demographic Structure in the Study Area ...... 82
3.17.7 Economic Structure ...... 83
3.17.8 Industrial Profile ...... 84
3.18 EXISTING INDUSTRIES IN DAKSHIN KANNADA DISTRICT ...... 84
4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 86 4.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 86
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT AND IMPACT ANALYSIS ...... 86
4.3 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 87 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.3.1 Land Environment ...... 87
4.3.2 Impact on Air Environment ...... 88
4.3.3 Impact on Water Environment ...... 89
4.3.4 Noise Environment ...... 89
4.3.5 Health and Safety ...... 90
4.3.6 Fugitive Emission ...... 90
4.3.7 Solid Waste ...... 90
4.3.8 Impact on Socio‐economic Environment ...... 91
4.4 IMPACT DURING OPERATION PHASE ...... 91
4.4.1 Land Environment ...... 91
4.4.2 Air Environment ...... 91
4.4.3 Water Environment ...... 92
4.4.4 Noise Environment ...... 96
5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 97 5.1 SITING CRITERIA ...... 98
5.2 Site Selection...... 98
5.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 99
5.4 Alternative Energy ...... 99
6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 100 6.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 100
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM...... 100
6.3 SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 101
6.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN TO IDENTIFY IMPACTS ON VECs ...... 101
6.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF WORKERS ...... 102
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT ...... 102
6.7 SCHEDULE OF MONITORING DATA ...... 102
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS
7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 103 7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 103
7.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ...... 103
7.2.1 Safety Management Plan ...... 103
7.2.2 Hazard Identification and Evaluation ...... 104
7.3 DISASTER MANGEMENT PLAN ...... 105
7.3.1 Onsite DMP ...... 106
7.3.2 Offsite DMP ...... 107
7.4 RISK AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN ...... 108
7.5 HAZARDOUS CONTROL MEASURES...... 109
7.6 PUBLIC HEARING ...... 111
8 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 117 8.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 117
8.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 117
8.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE...... 117
8.4 OTHER BENEFITS ...... 118
8.5 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ...... 118
8.5.1 Introduction ...... 118
8.5.2 Planning ...... 119
8.5.3 Identification ...... 119
9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANANLYSIS ...... 121 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 122 10.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 122
10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ...... 122
10.3 ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 123
10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 124
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10.4.1 Air Quality Management ...... 124
10.4.2 Water Quality Management ...... 124
10.4.3 Noise Quality Management ...... 124
10.4.4 Land Quality Management ...... 125
10.4.5 Solid Waste Management ...... 125
10.4.6 Drainage ...... 125
10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE ...... 125
10.5.1 Air Quality Management ...... 125
10.5.2 Noise Quality Management ...... 126
10.5.3 Water & Wastewater Quality Management...... 127
10.5.4 Rain Water and Storm Water Management ...... 127
10.5.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management ...... 127
10.5.6 Green Belt Development ...... 128
10.5.7 Avenue/Roadside Plantation: ...... 129
10.5.8 Traffic Management ...... 131
10.5.9 Fire Safety Measures ...... 131
10.5.10 Human Health and Safety Management ...... 132
10.6 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT ...... 132
10.7 BUDGETARY PROVISION ...... 132
11 . SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ...... 134 11.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 134
11.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE SITE ...... 134
11.3 SITE CONNECTIVITY ...... 135
11.4 PROJECT SITE AREA ...... 135
11.5 WATER REQUIREMENT OF THE SITE ...... 136
11.6 WASTEWATER GENERATION ...... 136 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
11.7 POWER REQUIREMENT ...... 137
11.8 BASELINE STUDY ...... 137
Noise Environment ...... 138
Water Environment ...... 138
Soil Environment ...... 138
Demography & Socio‐ Economics ...... 139
11.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 139
11.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 139
11.11 CONCLUSION ...... 140
12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ...... 141 12.1 Introduction ...... 141
12.2 The Consultant: ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited ...... 141
12.3 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited ...... 142
12.4 Sectors accredited by NABET ...... 143
12.5 Study Team ...... 144
vii LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF TABLES Table 1. 1 Project Details ...... 11 Table 1. 2 Legal Framework ...... 12 Table 2. 1– Land Use Breakup Details ...... 19 Table 2. 2 – Environmental Settings of the Project Site ...... 22 Table 2. 3– Waste Water Characteristics ...... 31 Table 2. 4‐ Final Treated Wastewater Characteristics ...... 31 Table 2. 5 –General Standards for discharge of environmental pollutants ...... 32 Table 2. 6 – Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Canara Industrial Area ...... 34 Table 3. 1 Various Environmental Attributes……………………………………………………………………………………...35 Table 3. 2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology ...... 36 Table 3. 3: Site Specific Metrological data for October 2015 ...... 37 Table 3. 4: Site Specific Metrological Data for November 2015 ...... 38 Table 3. 5Site Specific Metrological Data for December 2015 ...... 39 Table 3. 6 Temperature (oC ) data from 2011 to 2015 ...... 40 Table 3. 7: Wind Data (2015) ...... 41 Table 3. 8 Rainfall data from 2011 to 2015 ...... 45 Table 3. 9 Humidity data from 2011 to 2015 ...... 45 Table 3. 10 Land Use Pattern of the district ...... 48 Table 3. 11 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 50 Table 3. 12 Techniques for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ...... 52 Table 3. 13 Summary of Ambient Air Monitoring ...... 53 Table 3. 14Noise Monitoring Locations ...... 56 Table 3. 15 Ambient Noise Levels Recorded in the Study Area dB(A) ...... 58 Table 3. 16 Ambient Noise Standards [dB (A)] ...... 58 Table 3. 17 Water Sampling Locations ...... 60 Table 3. 18Results for Ground Water Analysis ...... 62 Table 3. 19Results for Surface Water Analysis ...... 64 Table 3.20 Soil Sampling Locations ...... 68 Table 3. 21 Soil Analysis Results ...... 70 Table 3. 22Standard Soil Classification ...... 71 Table 3. 23 Flora and Fauna Composition in the Study Area...... 76 Table 3. 24 Socio – Economic Status of the Study Area as per Census 2011 ...... 80 Table 3.25 Existing industrial status of district ...... 84 Table 3. 26 List of large scale industries in Dakshina Kannada district ...... 85 Table 4. 1 ‐ Activity‐Impact identification matrix ...... 87 Table 4. 2 – Rain water Harvesting Potential of the site ...... 944
viii LIST OF TABLES
Table 5. 1 Site Selection Criteria: Areas to be avoided ...... 97 Table 5. 2 Siting Criteria of the Proposed Project ...... 98 Table 6. 1 Environmental Monitoring Schedule ...... 101 Table 6. 2 List of Equipment proposed for Environmental Laboratory ...... 102 Table 7. 1 List of Equipment proposed for Environmental Laboratory...... 105 Table 10. 1Environmental Management Group.………………………………………………………………………………….123 Table 10. 2 Air Pollution Control Measures……………………………………………………………………………………..126 Table 10. 3 List of species suitable for plantation in the proposed Industrial Area……………………………….130 Table 10. 4 Environmental Management Cost……………………………………………………………………………………133 Table 11.1 Site Salient Features ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..134 Table 11.2 Details of the site connectivity………………………………………………………………………………………….135 Table 11.3: Land use Breakup of the proposed project……………………………………………………………………….135 Table 11. 4: Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Canara Industrial Area…………………………………………..137 Table 11. 5: Environmental Monitoring Program……………………………………………………………………………….139
ix LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1 5 Km and 10 Km Radius of the Project Site ...... 21 Figure 2. 2 Master Layout of the Project ...... 25 Figure 2. 3 Topo map of the Project ...... 26 Figure 2. 4 Flood Plain map of the Netravati River ...... 27 Figure 2. 5 Connectivity to the Project Site ...... 29 Figure 2. 6 Water Balance Diagram ...... 30 Figure 3. 1 Temperature Data From 2011‐2015 ...... 41 Figure 3. 2 Wind rose diagram for October 2015 ...... 42 Figure 3. 3 Wind rose diagram for November 2015 ...... 43 Figure 3. 4 Wind rose diagram for December 2015 ...... 44 Figure 3. 5 Rainfall Data From 2011‐2015 ...... 45 Figure 3. 6 Humidity Data From 2011‐2015 ...... 46 Figure 3.7 Seismic Zone Map of India...... 47 Figure 3.8 Land Use Map ...... 49 Figure 3. 9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 51 Figure 3. 10 Graphical Representation of PM10& PM2.5 ...... 54 Figure 3.11 Graphical Representation of SO2 & NOx ...... 55 Figure 3. 12 Noise Monitoring Locations...... 57 Figure 3. 13 Graphical Representation of Noise Levels ...... 59 Figure 3. 14 Water Sampling Locations ...... 61 Figure 3. 15 Soil Sampling Locations ...... 69 Figure 3. 16 Texture Classification of Soil Samples ...... 71 Figure 3.17 nutrient contents of the soil samples ...... 72 Figure 3. 18 Drainage Map of the project site ...... 74 Figure 3.19 Literacy rate representation ...... 82 Figure 3. 20 Population Details of the study area ...... 83 Figure 3. 21 Distribution of Work force in the study area ...... 84 Fig.4. 1 Rain water Harvesting Pit ...... 95 Fig.4. 2 Impact Network on the Noise Environment ...... 96 Figure 10.1Environmental Management Cell….………………………………………………………………………………… 123 Figure 11.1 Water Balance Flow Sheet ...... 136
ANNEXURE Sl. No. Particulars 1 Annexure I – Terms of Reference 2 Annexure II – Traffic Study 3 Annexure III – Water NOC 4 Annexure IV – Public Hearing Proceedings 5 Annexure V – Forest NOC 6 Annexure VI – Organic Waste Convertor 7. Annexure VII – Layout Map of Industrial Area
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chapters INTRODUCTION
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) is a wholly owned infrastructure agency of Government of Karnataka, set up under Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Act of 1966.This Board functions as per statutory provisions, rules and regulations enacted there under The Board comprises of senior government officers in their ex‐officio capacities. KIADB holds pride in being the first government organization in Karnataka to obtain ISO 9001 certification in the year 1997.
KIADB has also acquired lands to cater the specific needs of individual industrial units (Single Unit Complexes). The Board also acquires land for infrastructure projects of the Government. They promote projects of public importance in joint venture with organizations of international repute. The vision of KIADB and world class infrastructure has made investors all over the world take notice of Karnataka as the premier destination for their start‐ups and ventures.
KIADB has so far developed 160 industrial areas in 29 Districts in the State covering an extent of 76,136 acres and acquired land for nearly 473 Single Unit Complexes covering an extent of 73,288 Acres ensuring balanced industrial development in all regions with well thought of infrastructures and unique features. KIADB has now proposed to develop Canara Industrial Area over an extent of 236.93 Hectares (585.66 Acres) at Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu village, Bantwal Taluk, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. The project details are given below
Table 1. 1Project Details Sl. No Particular Details
1. Project Proponent Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) 2. Project Name Establishment of Canara Industrial Area 3. Project Location At Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu Village, Bantwal Taluk, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka.
11 INTRODUCTION
4. Land Requirement 236.93 Hectares (585.66 Acres) 5. Schedule & Category 7 (c) &“A” category 6. Total Cost of the project Rs. 330 Crores
1.2 PROJECT LOCATION The proposed project site is located Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu Villages, Bantwal Taluk, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. The area lies in the northern latitude of the 12°49'01.1" & eastern longitude of 74°58'58.0".
1.3 REGULATORY FRAME WORK As per EIA Notification 2006 & its subsequent amendments the proposed project falls under Schedule 7(c) & category “A” as the Interstate boundary of Kerala is about 2.68 km on SSE direction from the proposed site. Hence the project requires Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). Public hearing has been conducted for the project as per provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 on 09.08.2018 at the project site and the issues raised by the public are addressed in the 7th chapter. More Applicable laws rules and acts: Table 1. 2Legal Framework
S. No Act Purpose Objective 1 The Environment New, Expansion, Providing protection and (Protection) Act, 1986 Modernization improvement for the amended in 1991 Activities in environment and preventing industries environmental pollution. 2 The Water (Prevention New, Expansion, For the prevention and control and Control of Pollution) Modernization of water pollution. To ensure Act, 1974 activities in discharge of wastewater is amended in 1988 industries done as per norms. 3 The Air (Prevention and New, Expansion, To control, reduce air pollution. Control of Pollution) Act, Modernization 1981 amended in 1987 activities in industries 4 EIA Notification 2006 New, Expansion, Protection of the Environment and its subsequent Modernization and ensuring that all amendments. activities in environmental impacts are industries mitigated appropriately.
12 INTRODUCTION
S. No Act Purpose Objective 5 The Environment New, Expansion, Areas to be avoided for siting (Siting for Industrial Modernization of industries, precautionary Projects) Rules, 1999 activities in measures to be taken for site industries selection. So the aspects of environmental protection which should have been incorporated during the implementation of the industrial development projects. 6 The Noise Pollution New, Expansion, To protect workers and public (Regulation and Modernization in the surrounding from noise Control)(Amendment) activities in pollution Rules, 2002 industries 7 The Ozone Depleting New, Expansion, Regulation of production and Substances (Regulation Modernization consumption of ozone and Control) Rules,2000 activities in depleting substances industries which include ozone depleting substances 8 Hazardous and other New, Expansion, Prevention, Control and safe wastes Management, Modernization handling of hazardous wastes. Handling and Trans activities in boundary Movement industries Rules 2016 which include Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement of Hazardous waste 9 The Municipal Solid New, Expansion, Prevention, Control and Wastes (Management Modernization handling of Municipal Solid and Handling) Rules, activities in wastes. 2016 industries which include Management, Handling,
13 INTRODUCTION
S. No Act Purpose Objective treatment and disposal of municipal solid wastes. 10 The Chemical Accidents New, Expansion, Preparedness and response, (Emergency Planning, Modernization during operation of on‐site and preparedness, and activities in Offsite Emergency Plans during Response)Rules, 1996 industries. chemical disaster. 11 Charter on Corporate New, Expansion, Guidelines to be followed for Responsibility for Modernization Corporate Responsibility for Environmental activities in Environmental Protection Protection industries. 12 The Factories Act, New, Expansion, An Act to amend the law 1948. Act No. 63 of Modernization regulating / promoting safety, 1948. (Amendment for activities in protecting against occupational 2016) industries. diseases and promoting health and hygiene in the workplace/ Factories 13 Indian Boiler New, Expansion, An act to regulate the boiler (Amendment) Modernization standards and its Regulations, 2015. activities in specifications. industries. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. (Amended 1988) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977. (Amended 1991) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. (Amended 1987) The Environmental (Protection) Rules 1986. (Amended 2002) The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986. The hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 Under E.P.A. Act, 1986 (Amended 2000; 2003, 2008& 2016) E‐ Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016
1.4 EIA CONSULTANT As per EIA notification 2006 & its subsequent amendments it is mandatory to evaluate the possible environmental attributes and their associated impacts that will occur due to proposedproject and to delineate the management plan to prevent, control, mitigate 14
INTRODUCTION
or minimize the adverse environmental impacts envisaged. In this regard, the applicant has engaged M/s. ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited, Chennai, who is accredited by National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET), Quality Council of India (QCI), New Delhi to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment Study & prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate any adverse impacts to the Environment.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT Every anthropogenic activity has some impact on the environment that often has a harmful effect on the environment. However, mankind as it is developed today cannot live without taking up these activities for their food, security and other daily needs. Therefore, harmonious developmental activities with proper environmental consideration are essential for any developmental activity. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important tool and essential technique available with the planners by which information about the environmental effects of a project is clearly understood. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study undertaken is mainly focused on identification of environmental aspects of the project site, its impact on pre and post commissioning. A detailed prediction of all environmental impacts associated with the various activities during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project and suggesting suitable measures to navigate the observed adverse environmental impacts.
In other words, we can say that the purpose of an EIA is to determine the potential environmental, social and health effects of a proposed development. It is a systematic examination of the environmental consequences of projects, policies, plans and programs. Its main aim is to provide decision‐makers with an account of the implications of alternative courses of action before a decision is made.
The Ministry of Environment, Forest& Climate Change (MOEF&CC), Government of India in its Notification (dated 14th September, 2006) on EIA directs that from the date of publication of this notificationnew projects or activities or the expansion or modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the schedule should undertake the EIA/EMP study before starting construction work/project activity. 15
INTRODUCTION
1.6 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The objectives of the study are: To establish the existing environmental setting of the project area based on information obtained from primary data and compilation of secondary data from published literature. To evaluate potential environmental impacts from the project during construction and operational phases and identify appropriate mitigation measures. To prepare an effective Environment Management Plan for proper implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures. To develop post Environmental Clearance Monitoring programme.
1.7 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY Preparation of relevant application in consultation with the client and submission of Form 1 & Pre‐feasibility study to MoEF&CC to obtain Terms of Reference. Presentation before EAC for approval of the Terms of Reference in connection with the application submitted. Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies bycollecting the baseline data on environmental parameters like air, water, noise level, land use pattern, soil, micrometeorological, existing level of traffic and communication, biological and archaeological components of study area and socio economic data in the study region. The normal practice is to carry out the study for a period of one season except monsoon. (i.e., Three Months) Preparation of draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report after Identification of areas of concern and measures of their possible impact for the proposed project &proposing appropriate Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan Submission of draft EIA report to KSPCB to conduct public consultation. Submitting the Final EIA Report by incorporating proceedings of the public consultation to the MoEF&CC for Environmental Clearance; and Final presentation before EAC for obtaining Environmental Clearance. 16
INTRODUCTION
1.8 APPROVED TOR FOR EIA STUDY BY MOEF&CC The application for the scoping of the said project has been submitted to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC),New Delhi. Presentation for the scoping of the project Terms of Reference (TOR) approval for EIA study was held on 09 September2015.MOEF&CC has issued the TOR for the EIA study on 12November2015.Copy of the issued TOR has been annexed as Annexure – I.Due to delay in conducting Public Hearing the ToR validity expired on 11 November 2018, hence we sought ToR Extension for one more year i.e. up to 11 November 2019.
1.9 PLAN OF ACTION The following is the broad work plan of the consultant. Collection and collation of relevant data / information relating to the project from the concerned departments, agencies and identification of information gaps if any. Review and analysis of secondary data collected as above to delineate the baseline status of various environmental components and socio economic parameters. During the EIA study the applicable legal, policy and institutional frameworks will also be addressed. Additionally the environmental standards pertaining to air quality, water quality, noise emission and sewage/effluent discharge will be considered for selection of appropriate mitigation measures to maintain the assimilative capacity of environment. In a nutshell such standards will be used as a control mechanism to limit the possible impacts to environment. Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise and Soil Quality at different locations within 10 km radius of the project site leading to the firming up of information on the identified issues / constraints and possible mitigation measures thereof. Discussions with various stake holders in the project to identify their views / concerns/expectations, their knowledge base with respect to the proposed project, their roles, etc. The outcome of such discussions would be complied and consolidated for incorporation in the report.
17
INTRODUCTION
Based on the assessment of impacts, proper mitigation measures shall be incorporated for the construction and operation phase of the project, along with Management plan, Monitoring plan and budget provisions for various Environmental aspects of the project.
1.10 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT The EIA report is prepared by taking into consideration the generic structure of EIA report given in the EIA Notification 2006. Chapter 1:‐ INTRODUCTION Chapter 2:‐ PROJECT DESCRIPTION Chapter 3:‐ DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Chapter 4:‐ ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Chapter 5:‐ ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Chapter 6:‐ ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Chapter 7:‐ ADDITIONAL STUDIES Chapter 8:‐ PROJECT BENEFITS Chapter 9:‐ ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Chapter 10:‐ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Chapter 11:‐ SUMMARY & CONCLUSION Chapter 12:‐ DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
The proposed project is about the establishment of Canara Industrial Area at Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu village, Bantwal Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District over an extent of 236.93 Hectares (585.66 Acres). Satellite image showing 5km and 10km radius from project location is given in Figure 2.1 and the layout of the project is given in Figure 2.2& Topo map of the project site is given in the Figure 2.3. The land use break up pertaining to the project site is given below in Table 2.1.Within the proposed site layout a patch of forest land is coming which will not be disturbed. The No Objection Certificate from the Karnataka Forest Department is obtained which is annexed as Annexure IV. All the conditions given by Forest Department will be obeyed. The Netravati River flows at 4km distance on northern side of the project side. The proposed project site is located at comparatively higher altitude as well quite away from the flood plain of the Netravati River. The flood plain map of the Netravati River is appended as Figure 2.4. Table 2. 1 Land Use Breakup Details
S. No. Description Acres Hectares % of Land Use 1 Industries 404.60 163.70 69.10 2 Park/ Buffer Zone 65.21 26.38 11.13 3 Transport & Parking 29.28 11.84 5.00 4 Roads 34.46 13.94 5.88 6 Amenities & Utilities 29.28 11.84 5.00 7 Commercial Area 7.17 2.90 1.22 8 Land in slope & encroached 15.66 6.33 2.67 by Forest Dept. Total Area 585.66 236.93 100.0
The proposed industrial area will include following infrastructure facilities:
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Industrial Plots STP Internal roads with storm water drains Solid Waste Disposal Power supply and street lighting Rain Water Harvesting System Water supply network Public utilities Parking/Buffer zone area. Green Belt Development
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Figure 2. 1 5 Km and 10 Km Radius of the Project Site
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
NEED FOR THE PROJECT In order to improve the socio‐economic status of the country, it is necessary to develop industries. The following benefits are identified due to the proposed development of Canara Industrial Area. More employment opportunities will be generated. There will be positive impacts on the socio economic status of the surrounding areas. Physical infrastructure development such as improvement to roads, UGD lines, street lights etc., will take place.
2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE SELECTION OF PROJECT SITE
The creation of new industries in Bantwal Taluk, Dakshina Kannada district leads to industrialization and there will be substantial increase in population.The project will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local people. The project will create additional employment during construction & operational phase.Additionally, certain works like security will be outsourced on contract. The secondary employment in the form of providing services to the employed manpower will also be developed in the neighboring villages. Raw materials can be sourced locally. Hence the cost for procurement is less. Increase in Market & Business Establishment facilities. The State Government will benefit through revenue generation.
2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT SITE
The project site is considerably remote area. There are no dense residential settlements within 500 m radius from site boundary. The environmental setting of the project site is given in Table 2.2. Table 2. 2 Environmental Settings of the Project Site S. No. Particulars Details 1 Geographical Location Latitude : 12°49'01.1"N Longitude: 74°58'58.0" E
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
S. No. Particulars Details 2 Elevation above MSL 133 m AMSL 3 Climatic Conditions Maximum Temperature ‐ 36.6 °C Minimum Temperature ‐ 26.1 °C Average Rainfall – 3789.9 mm 4 Land Availability 236.93 Hectares (585.66 acres) 5 Nearest Highway NH 48 ‐ Mangalore Bangalore Highway ≃ 8 km ‐ N SH 101‐Surathakal Kabaka ≃8.6 km – E 6 Nearest Railway station Bantwal Railway station ≃ 8.9 km –NE 7 Nearest Airport Mangaluru International Airport ≃ 17.5 Km –NW 8 Nearest Town/City Bantwal ≃ 8.9 –NE 9 Topography Undulating terrain 10 Archeologically important Nil within 15 km radius places 11 National parks / Wildlife Nil within 15 km radius Sanctuaries 12 Water bodies / Rivers Netravati river ≃ 4.0 km –N Uppala river ≃ 5.5 km – SE Padar Lake ≃ 8 km ‐SE 13 Reserved / Forests Kalanjimale Reserved Forest ≃ 6.3 km –SSE Virakhamba Reserved Forest ≃ 9.4 km –E 14 Seismicity Seismic zone‐III (Moderate) 15 Defense installations Nil within 15 km radius
2.4 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE a) Infrastructure ‐ Major industries in Dakshina Kannada are concentrated around Mangalore and major information technology has started locating their facilities around Bantwal taluk.
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Church of St.Thomas ‘The Apostle’ Sheikh Moulavi Darga Sharief & Masjid Shri Vinayaka Shankaranarayana Durghamba Kshethra b) Key Industries Canara Workshops Ltd Ruchi Soya Industries Limited Infosys Technologies c) Educational Institutions DKZHP School Mangalore University Suraj Educational and Charitable Trust P A College of Engineering Bearys Institute of Technology Shrinivas College of Pharmacy P A Polytechnic College Sahyadri Educational Institutions and Engineering College SVS College Kairangala Kannada School
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Figure 2. 2 Master Layout of the Project
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
s Figure 2. 3 Topo map of the Project
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Figure 2. 4 Flood Plain map of the Netravati River
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.5 CONNECTIVITY TO THE PROJECT SITE The project site is located at Bantwal Taluk and Dakshina Kannada District. The project site is well connected by road, rail and air. Mangalore International Airport is around 17.5 km North West from the project site. The SH 101 connecting Surathakal to Kababa is 8.6 km on East direction, NH 48 Mangalore Bangalore Highway is about 8 km on North direction.Bantwal Railway Station is about 8.9 km on North East direction from the site. The road connectivity map is given in Figure 2.5.Traffic study of the project area is given as Annexure II.
Existing Road Connectivity The site is well connected with National Highway & State Highways. Mudipu‐Chelur‐ Panemangaluru road and Mangalore‐Mudipu‐Bakrabali road is passing adjacent to the site.
2.6 OCCUPANCY DETAILS A total number of 250 persons will be required during construction phase, inclusive of workmen, supervisors, engineers, architects and managers.
2.7 POWER REQUIREMENT The power requirement for the proposed development is 34.20MW. The source of power will be from Mangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (MESCOM). A 100 KVA DG set will be operated to meet the emergency power requirements with fuel (HSD) assumption of 80 lit/hr.
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Figure 2. 5Connectivity to the Project Site
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.8 WATER SUPPLY The estimated water demand during the construction phase is 125 KLD (approx.), 25 KLD for labors and 100 KLD for construction activities and water demand during the operation phase is 4 MLD. During construction phase the water required will be sourced from tanker supply and the water for the operation phase will be sourced from the Netravati River through Irrigation Department. Approval letter from the Mangaluru Municipal Corporation for the same is attached as Annexure III. Water Balance for the proposed project is given in Figure 2.6. The source of water for the proposed development of Canara industrial area is from Netravati River. The major part of the water will be supplied to industries and the minor part of water will be supplied for domestic purposes.
Figure 2. 6 Water Balance Diagram
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.9 SEWAGE GENERATION Quantity of sewage generated during the construction phase will be 18.6 KLD. During operation phase sewage generated will be treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant of the respective industry. The estimated sewage generation during operation phase will be 1.2 MLD. The treated water shall be reused for toilet flushing, gardening etc. and the wastewater generated from the industries is 3.314 MLD, which is treated in their respective Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP). The treated water will be reused for industrial purposes like cooling, heat exchangers, boilers, cleaning equipment’s etc. The location of the STP and ETP are marked in the layout map of the industrial area which is enclosed in Anexure VII. a) Design Parameters – Raw Sewage Quality Table 2. 3 Wastewater Characteristics
Industrial Waste S.No. Parameter Sewage Unit Water 1. pH 6.5 – 8.0 6.5 – 8.0 ‐‐‐ 2. Oil & Grease 25 50 mg/l
3. Biological Oxygen Demand 200 ‐ 275 2000 ‐ 2500 mg/l (BOD5) 4. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 300 ‐ 400 3000 ‐ 3500 mg/l 5. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 500 5000 mg/l 6. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 1000 10,000‐12,000 mg/l b) Treated Water Quality The treated effluent quality to be guaranteed as per the standards prescribed by CPCB is as below: Table 2. 4 Final Treated Wastewater Characteristics Industrial S.No Parameter Unit STP Individual ETP 1. pH ‐‐‐ 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 8.0 2. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/l <30 <20 3. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l <250 <50
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/l <100 <30 5. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l <2100 <1000
Table 2. 5General Standards for discharge of environmental pollutants [Concentration in mg/l except pH & Temperature] On Land S.No Parameters Into inland for Marine Coastal Areas surface waters Irrigation 1 pH 5.5‐9.0 5.5‐9.0 5.5‐9.0 2 BOD (3days at 27°C) 30 100 100 3 Oil & Grease 10 10 20 4 Temperature Shall not exceed ‐ 45 °C at the point of 40 °C in any discharge section of the stream within 15 meters down steam from the effluent outlet 5 Suspended solids (a) For process waste water‐ 100 (b) For cooling 100 200 water effluent, 10% above total suspended matter of effluent cooling water 6 Dissolved 2100 2100 ‐ Solids(inorganic) 7 Total residue chlorine 1.0 ‐ 1.0 8 Ammonical 50 ‐ 50 nitrogen(asN) 9 Total Kjeldahl 100 ‐ 100 nitrogen(as N) 10 Chemical Oxygen 250 ‐ 250 Demand 11 Arsenic(as As) 0.2 0.2 0.2 12 Mercury(as Hg) 0.01 ‐ 0.01 13 Lead (as Pb) 0.1 ‐ 1.0 14 Cadmium (as Cd) 1.0 ‐ 2.0
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
[Concentration in mg/l except pH & Temperature] On Land S.No Parameters Into inland for Marine Coastal Areas surface waters Irrigation 15 Total Cadmium (as Cr) 2.0 ‐ 2.0 16 Copper(as Cu) 3.0 ‐ 3.0 17 Zinc(as Zn) 5.0 ‐ 15 18 Selenium(as Se) 0.05 ‐ 0.05 19 Nickel (as Ni) 3.0 ‐ 5.0 20 Boron (as B) 2.0 2.0 ‐ 21 Percent Sodium ‐ 60 ‐ 22 Cyanide (as CN) 0.2 0.2 0.2 23 Chloride (as Cl) 1000 600 ‐ 24 Fluoride (as F) 2.0 ‐ 15 25 Sulphate (as SO4) 1000 1000 ‐ 26 Sulphide (as S) 2.8 ‐ 5.0 27 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent 28 Phenolic compounds(as 1.0 ‐ 5.0 C6H5OH) Note: All efforts should be made to remove color and unpleasant odor as far as possible.
2.10 SOLID WASTE GENERATION, COLLECTION, TRANSPORT & DISPOSAL a) General The industries involved in the manufacturing/ production sections will produce the Industrial fraction of waste and the non‐production sections such as administration buildings, green spaces, roads and the working population will generate the Municipal Solid Waste. The quantities of waste likely to be generated from the proposed project have been estimated on the basis of population and land use characteristics. For management of industrial waste individual units may consider having an agreement with the nearest Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility (TSDF) operator to dispose the hazardous waste and 4.93 Acre is provided for Solid Waste Disposal for operational phase.
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The industries generating solid waste have to manage such waste by themselves and are required to seek authorizations from Karnataka Pollution Control Boards under relevant rules. b) Waste Quantification The quantities of waste likely to be generated from the manufacturing and non‐ manufacturing phases have been estimated on the basis of population and land use characteristics. Table 2.6 presents the estimated solid waste quantities from the proposed project. Table 2. 6 Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Canara Industrial Area Solid Waste Area in Unit Demand Type of Land Use Population Generation Acres kg/cap/day kg/cap/day Industries 404.60 25287.5 0.2 5057.5 Commercial 7.17 717 0.2 143.4 Civic Amenities & 29.28 2928 0.2 585.6 Utilities Park & Buffer zone 65.21 0 0.1 6.5 Transport & Parking 29.28 0 0.1 292.8 Area Roads 34.46 0 0.1 3.4 Total 570.00 28932 ‐‐‐ 6089
The industries which generate solid waste have to be managed by the respective industry itself and it requires authorization from Karnataka Pollution Control Board under relevant rules. The Canara Industrial area development will also generate Solid Waste from Non‐Manufacturing/ non‐production sections of the Industrial Units such as Administration blocks, Canteen, Toilets, Utilities, etc. The total quantity of solid waste generated is 6089 Kg/day and the sludge generated from STP is 14 Kg/day. The solid waste will be treated using Organic Waste Converter. The details of the Organic Waste Converter are given as AnnexureVI.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 INTRODUCTION Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted within the project site to determine the existing status of various Environmental attributes viz., Climatic and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydro geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio‐Economical environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project.
3.2 SCOPE OF THE BASELINE STUDY An area of 10 km radius around the project site is considered as the study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio‐ Economic data were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi‐Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various environmental attributes.
Table 3. 1 Various Environmental Attributes
S. Attribute Parameter Source of Data No. 1 Land Use Trend of land use change for Topo sheet different categories 2 Water Physical, Chemical and Biological Water samples are collected Quality parameters at seven locations during the study period 3 Ambient Air PM2.5, PM10, SO2,NOx, CO, NH3& Ambient air quality Quality VOCs monitoring at six locations 4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Noise level monitoring at six locations
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
5 Ecology Existing terrestrial flora and Secondary sources and Field fauna within the 10 km radius of survey project influence area 6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources 7 Soil Soil types and samples analyzed Data collected from for physical and chemical secondary sources and soil parameters. sample analysis at six locations 8 Socio Socio‐economic characteristics of Based on field survey and economic the affected area data collected from Aspects secondary sources
Table 3. 2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology
Sampling Measurement Attributes Remarks Network Frequency Method A. Air Environment Particulate Matter Requisite Gravimetric As per (PM10) locations in the (High‐ Volume CPCB project with Cyclone) standards 24 hourly Particulate Matter (PM influence area Gravimetric under 2.5) (High‐ Volume November with Cyclone) 18th 2009 Oxides of Sulphur (SO2) Requisite EPA Modified Notification locations in the West & Gaeke for NAAQS project method 24 hourly NOx Arsenite influence area Modified, Jacob &Hochheiser B. Noise Hourly equivalent noise Requisite Once Instrument : IS: 4954 levels locations in the Noise 1968 project level meter influence area C. Water Parameters for water Set of grab Once Samples for quality: pH, temp, samples At water quality turbidity, Total requisite collected and hardness, total locations for analyzed as per
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
alkalinity, chloride, ground and IS : 2488 (Part sulphate, nitrate, surface water 1‐5) methods for fluoride, sodium, sampling and potassium, Electrical testing of Conductivity, Industrial Ammonical nitrogen, effluents Nitrate‐Nitrogen total Standard phosphorus, , BOD, methods for COD, Calcium, examination of Magnesium, Total water and Dissolved Solids, Total wastewater Suspended Solids analysis published by American Public Health Association. D. Land Environment Parameter for soil Requisite soil Once Collected and quality: pH, texture, samples be analyzed as per electrical conductivity, collected as soil analysis organic matter, per BIS reference book, nitrogen, phosphate, specification M.L.Jackson sodium, calcium, within project potassium and influence area Magnesium.
3.3 TEMPERATURE Higher rates of relative humidity observed between October to December i.e.55 to 86 %. During summer the temperature ranges between 21°C to 36°C and winter temperature ranges between 18 °C to 36 °C.The minimum and maximum temperature for study period is 19 °C &36°C. The site specific meteorological data for the study period of October 2015 to December 2015 is given in Table 3.3, 3.4, & 3.5. Table 3. 3: Site Specific Metrological data for October 2015 Summary Air Temp. (oC ) Relative Wind Speed Wind Max Min Humidity (%) (kmph) direction 1.10.15 30 23 87 7 WSW 2.10.15 32 23 79 8 SW 3.10.15 31 24 86 5 N
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
4.10.15 30 24 86 9 SE 5.10.15 29 24 94 5 W 6.10.15 29 22 89 9 SE 7.10.15 30 23 88 11 SE 8.10.15 29 23 87 9 SE 9.10.15 29 23 89 9 ESE 10.10.15 30 23 85 10 ESE 11.10.15 31 23 80 9 SE 12.10.15 31 24 82 7 WSW 13.10.15 31 24 83 6 NW 14.10.15 32 23 81 6 E 15.10.15 32 24 78 5 W 16.10.15 32 24 84 3 N 17.10.15 32 25 82 4 N 18.10.15 33 25 78 5 N 19.10.15 33 25 77 7 SE 20.10.15 33 24 80 5 ESE 21.10.15 32 24 82 7 E 22.10.15 31 22 81 5 E 23.10.15 32 24 82 4 N 24.10.15 33 24 73 7 E 25.10.15 34 23 72 6 E 26.10.15 33 23 79 5 N 27.10.15 29 23 84 5 ESE 28.10.15 32 23 81 7 ESE 29.10.15 31 22 79 8 ESE 30.10.15 32 23 78 6 E 31.10.15 34 23 75 8 ESE
Table 3. 4: Site Specific Metrological Data for November 2015 Summary Air Temp. (oC ) Relative Wind Speed Wind Max Min Humidity (%) (kmph) direction 1.11.15 31 23 85 7 ESE 2.11.15 32 23 83 9 ESE 3.11.15 31 23 80 8 W 4.11.15 31 23 82 7 W 5.11.15 30 24 89 4 W
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Summary Air Temp. (oC ) Relative Wind Speed Wind Max Min Humidity (%) (kmph) direction 6.11.15 32 23 81 4 NNW 7.11.15 33 23 71 7 W 8.11.15 32 24 75 4 N 9.11.15 30 23 80 3 N 10.11.15 32 23 74 4 NNW 11.11.15 28 23 84 3 SSE 12.11.15 33 23 76 7 SW 13.11.15 32 23 81 17 N 14.11.15 33 23 69 5 E 15.11.15 30 22 71 4 N 16.11.15 32 23 72 4 E 17.11.15 33 23 67 8 E 18.11.15 33 25 67 5 N 19.11.15 32 25 69 6 W 20.11.15 32 24 77 7 E 21.11.15 33 22 77 7 N 22.11.15 34 23 74 8 ESE 23.11.15 34 25 72 5 N 24.11.15 33 24 85 13 N 25.11.15 34 23 70 7 E 26.11.15 33 21 67 9 ESE 27.11.15 33 21 68 5 N 28.11.15 33 24 75 8 N 29.11.15 33 22 64 7 E 30.11.15 34 24 75 6 E
Table 3. 5Site Specific Metrological Data for December 2015 Summary Air Temp. (oC ) Relative Wind Speed Wind Max Min Humidity (%) (kmph) direction 1.12.15 33 23 72 19 N 2.12.15 33 24 71 6 N 3.12.15 33 24 73 5 N 4.12.15 34 23 64 6 ESE 5.12.15 34 22 57 8 E 6.12.15 34 24 57 7 E 7.12.15 34 24 65 5 N
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Summary Air Temp. (oC ) Relative Wind Speed Wind Max Min Humidity (%) (kmph) direction 8.12.15 31 24 69 7 ESE 9.12.15 34 23 67 6 N 10.12.15 34 23 72 4 E 11.12.15 33 24 74 7 ESE 12.12.15 34 24 75 5 N 13.12.15 32 24 80 6 WNW 14.12.15 31 24 82 7 ESE 15.12.15 32 23 80 4 N 16.12.15 32 23 77 5 ESE 17.12.15 33 23 77 5 SE 18.12.15 33 23 71 7 E 19.12.15 33 22 73 6 E 20.12.15 34 22 73 9 ESE 21.12.15 32 23 75 7 ESE 22.12.15 34 22 73 7 N 23.12.15 34 22 69 7 SE 24.12.15 34 22 70 7 E 25.12.15 34 21 66 7 ESE 26.12.15 33 22 64 9 ESE 27.12.15 34 21 54 8 N 28.12.15 34 22 65 8 E 29.12.15 35 19 52 6 E 30.12.15 36 20 53 7 E 31.12.15 35 20 47 5 E
Table 3. 6 Temperature(oC )data from 2011 to 2015
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2011 26 28 28 28 29 26 25 25 24 27 28 28 2012 27 28 29 29 25 26 28 25 27 28 27 33 2013 27 28 29 29 29 26 25 26 26 27 28 27 2014 27 28 29 30 29 28 26 25 26 28 28 27 2015 27 28 29 28 28 27 26 26 27 28 28 28
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Temperature 2011‐2015 35 30 oC
25 2011 20 2012 15 2013 10
Temperature 2014 5 2015 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
Figure 3. 1 Temperature Data From 2011‐2015
3.4 WIND PATTERN AT PROPOSED SITE Meteorological datacollected from the nearest Mangalore IMD station to understand the wind pattern of the area. Predominant wind direction and wind speed data, based on observation at nearest Mangalore IMD stations for the period 12 months, is given in Table 3.7 Table 3. 7Wind Data (2015) Month Mean wind speed Month Mean wind speed (kmph) Annual (kmph) Annual January 7 July 5 February 8 August 6 March 8 September 7 April 7 October 7 May 7 November 7 June 9 December 7 Source: IMD Mangalore Mean wind speed and wind directions are as under, 5 kmph ‐min (July) 9 kmph ‐max (June) Wind rose for the month of October to December 2015 is given in Figures 3.2, 3.3 & 3.4.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Figure 3. 2 Wind rose diagram for October 2015
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Figure 3. 3 Wind rose diagram for November 2015
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Figure 3. 4 Wind rose diagram for December 2015 In the month of October – 2015, pre dominant wind direction was WNW and average wind speed was about 6.7 m/s.
In the month of November– 2015, pre dominant wind direction was west and average wind speed was about 6.7 m/s.
In the month of December – 2015, pre dominant wind direction was west and average wind speed was about 6.7 m/s.
3.5 RAINFALL Dakshina Kannada district on the West Coast of India experiences a typical maritime climate. The district is marked by heavy rainfall, high humidity and oppressive weather in hot season. Generally, the weather is hot and humid throughout the year. In the
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
eastern part of the district i.e., along the Western Ghats, the weather is comparatively cooler than in the western coastal areas.5 years rainfall data is given in below Table 3.8. Table 3. 8 Rainfall data from 2011 to 2015
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2011 0 0.8 3.1 83.6 98.6 1049.0 1081.9 959.6 525.7 272.0 149.7 0.0 2012 0 0.3 1.1 113.0 37.4 749.9 680.8 1127.3 423.8 150.2 90.1 0.9 2013 0.7 25.3 32.5 33.5 102.5 1228.1 1445.5 653.5 379.7 288.3 78.2 16.8
2014 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.98 1.52 198.36 560.55 504.17 177.29 14.22 15.23 6.35
2015 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.69 329.44 478.77 278.64 110.48 56.13 92.72 0.25
Rainfall Data 2011‐2015 1600 1400 1200 mm
2011 1000 in 800 2012 600 2013 400 Rainfall 200 2014 0 2015 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
Figure 3. 5 Rainfall Data From 2011‐2015
3.6 RELATIVE HUMIDITY Table 3. 9 Humidity data from 2011 to 2015
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2011 62 66 68 71 87 89 88 85 79 73 65 74 2012 61 66 67 69 72 85 91 87 83 79 69 62 2013 70 65 65 73 71 84 88 91 80 74 65 59 2014 63 66 64 69 75 85 90 89 83 78 71 64 2015 66 60 71 64 74 86 88 86 84 83 79 62
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Figure 3. 6 Humidity Data From 2011‐2015
3.7 NATURAL HAZARD VULNERABILITY a) Seismicity The Geological Survey of India has identified Dakshina Kannada District as Moderate earthquake‐prone region and categorized in Seismic III Zone. The Seismic zone map of India is given in Figure 3.7.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Figure 3.7 Seismic Zone Map of India
So it is clear that the proposed site is not prone to earthquake & it is in stable zone.
3.8 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SITE The topography of the district varies from plain to undulated terrains at various locations. An interesting feature of the coastal strip and the middle belt is that, it is not a plane but a series of estuarine low lands separated by numerous hill ranges. The coastal tract is the most densely populated part of the district and is the most fertile belt. The middle belt again has an undulated topography with hills and dales. The district is characterized by sandy soil along the coastal belt and lateritic soil in other parts with high iron and aluminum contents. Laterites stones are available more in the high plain of interior district which are useful for construction purpose. There is rich deposit of alluvial soil in the valleys and ravine bases. To the east of the coastal region the soil is suitable for growing Arecanut, Banana, Cocoa and Rubber.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.9 EXISTING LAND USE Dakshina Kannada is a maritime district located in the south‐western part of Karnataka adjoining the Arabian Sea. The geographical area is 4770 sq. km extending between 12°,30’00’’ & 13°,11’00’’ North latitude and 74°35’00’’ & 75°33’30’’ East longitude. Mangalore town is the district headquarters. Administratively, the district is divided into five taluks viz. Bantwal, Belthangady, Mangalore, Puttur and Sulya. The district is drained by Netravathi, Gurupur, Mulki, Kumaradhara, Payasvini and Shambhavi rivers which originate in the Western Ghats and flow westwards to join the Arabian Sea. Table 3. 10 Land Use Pattern of the district
Land use pattern of the district Area (ha) (latest statistics) Geographical area 477149 Forest area 128476 Land Non‐Available for Cultivation 23323 Uncultivated Land 14699 Fallow Land 957 Net Cultivated Area 27710 Gross Cropped Area 34720
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Figure 3.8 Land Use Map
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.10 AIR ENVIRONMENT The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area during the construction and operation phase of the proposed project. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of ambient air monitoring carried out during the study period in the month of October, November and December 2015given below. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to NAAQ standards.
3.10.1 Selection of sampling location The baseline status of the air quality in the study area has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance has been based on the following considerations; Meteorological conditions Topography of the study area Locations where air quality is likely to be impacted as a result of localized activities or disturbances & site specific conditions
Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring stations were set up at Six locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The locations of the selected stations are given inTable 3.11and shown in Figure 3.9 Table 3. 11 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Location Latitude & Distance Elevation Location Direction* Code Longitude in Km* in AMSL N‐12°49’09.10” AAQ1 Project Site ‐ ‐ 424 E‐74°59’14.95” N‐12°50’00.00” AAQ2 Boliyar NW 2.55 68 E‐74°58’07.07” N‐12°47’31.39” AAQ3 Kairankala SW 3.79 330 E‐74°57’59.03” N‐12°48’17.65” AAQ4 Mudipu WSW 3.16 362 E‐74°57’43.73” N‐12°48’58.40” AAQ5 Manchi E 4.67 243 E‐75°01’48.64” AAQ6 Bakrabail N‐12°46’36.84” S 4.74 231
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Location Latitude & Distance Elevation Location Direction* Code Longitude in Km* in AMSL E‐74°59’31.53”
Figure 3. 9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3.10.2 Instruments for Sampling Respirable Dust Samplers APM 460 BL of Envirotech was used for monitoring
Particulate matter (PM10) and Fine Particulate Samplers APM 550 of Envirotech was used for monitoring (PM2.5). For gaseous pollutants APM 411 has been used along with APM‐460.
3.10.3 Sampling and Analytical Technique The air inlet has a circular symmetry so that air entry is unaffected by wind direction and is designed to keep out rain, insects and very large particles. The inlet section immediately leads to an impactor stage designed to trap particles with an aerodynamic diameter larger than 10 microns. Thus the air stream in the down tube consists of only medium and fine particulates. The streamlined air flow of the down tube is accelerated
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through the nozzle of the well‐shaped impactor/designed to trap medium size particulates with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 microns. To avoid sampling errors due to the tendency of small particles to bounce off the impaction surface a 37mm diameter GF/A paper immersed in silicone oil is used as an impaction surface. The air stream leaving the WINS impactor consists of microns. These fine particles are collected on a special Teflon membrane filter of 47 mm diameter. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS – 5182 part – II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of
SO2 and Arsenite Modified Jacob &Hochheiser has been adopted for estimation of NOX.
3.10.4 Calibration Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants. The calibration is carried out whenever new absorbing solutions are prepared and used.
Table 3. 12 Techniques for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
S.No Parameter Test Methods Limits
1 Particulate Matter(PM10) µg/m3 IS: 5182 P23 100
2 Particulate Matter(PM2.5) µg/m3 EPA‐40 CFR (PART‐50) 60 3 Sulphur Dioxide µg/m3 Improved West and Gaeke 80 4 Nitrogen Oxide µg/m3 Modified Jacob &Hochheiser 80 5 Carbon Monoxide mg/m3 By Electro Chemical Sensor 2
3.10.5 Presentation of Data Various statistical parameters like the average maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for residential and Industrial zone. Pollutant specific monitoring results indicating levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx& CO with respect to applicable standards are presented in Table 3.13.
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Table 3. 13 Summary of Ambient Air Monitoring
PM10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOX CO Code Location 98 98 98 98 Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Per Per Per Per Project AAQ1 38 51 44.8 50.6 14 21 17.2 20.7 5.0 5.5 5.3 5.4 7.6 9.7 8.6 9.5 Site AAQ2 Boliyar 40 54 47.6 53.6 16 23 19.1 22.7 5.3 6.2 6.1 5.6 8.4 10.5 9.3 10.3
AAQ3 Kairankala 37 48 42.8 47.8 13 20 16.7 19.8 5.0 6.0 5.6 5.9 9.1 11.4 10.2 11.2 BDL(<1) AAQ4 Mudipu 44 56 49.7 55.4 18 25 21.7 24.6 5.4 7.1 6.2 7.0 10.5 13.7 12.6 13.4
AAQ5 Manchi 35 44 39.7 43.6 13 18 15.5 17.3 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.6 8.3 10.6 9.5 10.4
AAQ6 Bakrabail 46 57 51.6 56.6 17 27 22.3 26.4 5.3 6.7 6.0 6.6 9.7 12.8 11.6 12.5
CPCB / MoEF&CC Standards
Industrial
/Residential / 100 60 80 80 02 Rural and Other
Area * 3 3 PM10, PM 2.5, SOx &NO2 values are expressed in µg/m and CO values are expressed in mg/m
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.10.6 Observations PM10 – A maximum value of 57µg/m3 was observed at Bakrabail (AAQ6). A minimum of 35µg/m3 was observed at Manchi (AAQ5).The 24 hours applicable limit for industrial/residential/rural area is 100µg/m3, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
PM2.5 – The maximum value of 27µg/m3 was observed at Near Bakrabail (AAQ6). A minimum of 13µg/m3 was observed at Kairankala (AAQ3) and Manchi (AAQ5). The 24 hour’s applicable limit is 60µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
SO2 ‐ The maximum value of 7.1µg/m3 was observed at Near Mudipu (AAQ4). A minimum of 5.0µg/m3 was observed at project site (AAQ1) and Kairankala (AAQ3). The 24 hours applicable limit is 80µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
NOX ‐ The maximum value of 13.7µg/m3 was observed at Mudipu (AAQ4). A minimum of 7.6µg/m3 was observed at project site (AAQ1). The 24 hours applicable limit is 80µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
CO – Carbon Monoxide values found below detectable limit.
Graphical Representation of PM10 & PM2.5
60 3 50 40 µg/m 30 in 20 10 0 Values Project Site Boliyar Kairankala Mudipu Manchi Bakrabail (AAQ1) (AAQ2) (AAQ3) (AAQ4) (AAQ5) (AAQ6) Sampling Locations
PM 10 Max PM 10 Min PM 2.5 max PM 2.5 Min
Figure 3. 10 Graphical Representation of PM10& PM2.5
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Graphical Representation of the SO2 & NOx
3 15 µg/m 10 the
in
5 Values 0 Project Site Boliyar Kairankala Mudipu Manchi Bakrabail (AAQ1) (AAQ2) (AAQ3) (AAQ4) (AAQ5) (AAQ6) Sampling Locations
SO2 max SO 2 min NOx max NOx min
Figure 3.11 Graphical Representation of SO2 & NOx
3.11 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The most common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’ weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). The Environmental Impact Assessment of noise from the construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses and annoyance and general community responses. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on: Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness; The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.
Noise survey was conducted at 6 locations in the study area to assess the background noise levels in different zones viz., Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated in
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
the surrounding areas by the proposed project. The methodology involved in monitoring noise is given below. 3.11.1 Identification of Sampling Location A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. The noise monitoring has been conducted at six locations in the study area. The environmental setting of noise monitoring locations is given in below Table 3.14 and shown in Figure 3.12. Table 3. 14Noise Monitoring Locations
Distance Direction Location Latitude & w.r.t. Environmental Location w.r.t. project Code Longitude project Setting site site N‐12°49’09.10” Empty land N1 Project Site ‐ ‐ E‐74°59’14.95” N‐12°50’00.00” N2 Boliyar NW 2.55 Residential Area E‐74°58’07.07” N‐12°47’31.39” N3 Kairankala WSW 3.79 Residential Area E‐74°57’59.03” N‐12°48’17.65” Industrial/Residenti N4 Mudipu SW 3.16 E‐74°57’43.73” al Area N‐12°48’57.20” Rural/Residential N5 Kurnad WSW 1.91 E‐74°58’13.47” Area N‐12°48’41.22” Rural/Residential N6 Ira SE 1.25 E‐74°59’43.19” Area
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Figure 3. 12 Noise Monitoring Locations
3.11.2 Instrument Used For Monitoring Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter measures the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), the Maximum Sound Pressure Level (max) and the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the corresponding function mode. 3.11.3 Method of Monitoring Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were taken at all locations, with an interval of 1 minute over a period of one hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night noise levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in the study area. Noise levels were recorded every one minute in the following manner. To obtain noise levels at 8 AM, noise readings, with setting at ‘A’ response – slow mode, were recorded continuously for 60 minutes. All the readings
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were obtained for 24 hours. These readings were later tabulated and the frequency distribution table was prepared.
Lday: Average noise levels between 6.00 hours to 22.00 hours.
Lnight Average noise levels between 22.00 hours to 6.00 hours. 3.11.4 Presentation of Result The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like Lday and Lnight, for all the sampling locations are presented in Table 3.15 and compared to the standards specified by CPCB mentioned below in Table 3.16 Graphical representation of the Noise levels is indicated in Figure3.13. Table 3. 15Ambient Noise Levels Recorded in the Study Area dB(A)
Location Code Location Lday dB(A) Lnight dB(A) Leq dB(A) N1 Project Site 46.2 39.7 44.8 N2 Boliyar 47.4 41.2 46.1 N3 Kairankala 46.8 40.4 45.5 N4 Mudipu 48.7 41.6 47.3 N5 Kurnad 45.8 39.7 44.5 N6 Ira 45.5 39.2 44.4
Table 3. 16Ambient Noise Standards [dB (A)]
Ambient Noise Standards L day L night Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40 3.11.5 Observation Day Time Noise Level:‐Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 45.5 – 48.7 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 48.7 dB (A) at Mudipu (N4) and a minimum of 45.5 dB (A) was observed at Ira (N6). The monitored locations during the Day time are under the prescribed limit.
Night Time Noise Levels: ‐Noise levels observed to fall in the range 39.2‐ 41.6 dB (A) during the night time. Maximum noise level of 41.6 dB (A) was
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observed at Mudipu (N4) and a minimum of 39.2 dB (A) at Ira (N6). The monitored locations during the night time are under the prescribed limit.
Graphical Representation of Noise level during day & Night time 60 50 40 30 dB(A) 20 10 0 Project Site Boliyar Kairankala Mudipu Kurnad Ira
Sampling Locations
Lday dB(A) Lnight dB(A)
Figure 3. 13Graphical Representation of Noise Levels
3.12 WATER REQUIREMENT Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within the study area have been considered for assessing the water environment. To assess the water quality of the study area, five ground water sampling locations & two surface water sampling locations were selected.
3.12.1 Selection of Sampling Location Some general criteria for selecting appropriate surface water sampling sites will be summarized under the following points: Always have a reference station up‐stream of all possible discharge points. The usual purpose of a monitoring exercise is to determine the degree of man induced pollution and the damage that is caused. The reference station serves to assess the situation with respect to background water quality and biological aspects, Sampling stations should be located upstream and downstream of significant pollution outfalls. 3.12.2 Water Sampling Location Water samples were collected from 5 Ground Water sampling locations& two surface water samples. These samples were collected as grab samples and were analyzed for
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various parameters. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table 3.17 and shown in Figure 3.14. Table 3. 17 Water Sampling Locations
Location Location Geographical Direction* Distance* Type of Code Location water N‐12°48’21.50” GW1 Near Project Site SW 1.94 Ground Water E‐74°58’30.68” N‐12°49’58.52” GW2 Boliyar NW 2.57 Ground Water E‐74°58’05.77” N‐12°47’32.12” GW3 Kairankala SW 4.00 Ground Water E‐74°57’46.00” N‐12°48’19.14” GW4 Mudipu WSW 3.24 Ground Water E‐74°57’38.68” N‐12°49’04.16” GW5 Manchi E 4.71 Ground Water E‐75°01’49.81” Sajipapadu N‐12°51’16.08” SW1 NNW 4.46 Surface Water (Netravati River) E‐74°58’04.67” N‐12°45’04.19” SW2 Anekallu S 7.54 Surface Water E‐74°59’40.80” *with respect to the project site
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Figure 3. 14 Water Sampling Locations
3.12.3 Presentation of Result The water sampling results are given in Table 3.18. The analysis results are compared with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500 –2012“Specification for drinking Water”.
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Table 3. 18Results for Ground Water Analysis
S. Limit as per No Parameters Unit Test Method IS 10500 : GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 2012 1 Colour APHA 22nd Edition 5 Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil 2 Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour ‐ APHA 22nd Edition Unobjectionable Observed Observed Observed Observed Observed 3 pH at 25°C IS : 3025 Part 11‐ 1983 ‐ 6.5‐8.5 6.74 7.05 6.34 6.96 7.22 (Reaff: 2002) 4 Electrical μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14‐ 1984 Not Specified 474 713 416 683 1012 Conductivity, (Reaff: 2002) 5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10‐1984 1 BDL(<0.5) 0.5 0.9 BDL(<0.5) BDL(<0.5) (Reaff: 2002) 6 Total mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16‐1984 Dissolved 500 272 412 228 360 612 (Reaff: 2003) Solids 7 Total mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21‐1983 Hardness as 200 160 236 102 194 310 (Reaff: 1998) CaCO3 8 Total mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23‐ Alkalinity as 200 122 210 110 182 280 1986(Reaff:2003) CaCO3 9 Chloride as mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32‐1988 250 71 102 55 94 145 Cl (Reaff: 2003) 10 Sulphate as mg/l APHA 22nd EDI‐4500‐ 200 16 28 10 14 66
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
SO4 SO42‐ E 11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22nd EDI‐4500‐F 1.0 0.23 0.41 0.33 0.33 0.71 B&D 12 Nitrate as mg/l APHA 22nd EDI‐4500‐ 45 3.6 4 7.6 11 24 NO3 NO3‐ B 13 Ammonia as mg/l APHA 22nd EDI‐4500‐ 0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) N NH3 B&C 14 Sodium as mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45‐1993 38 Not Specified 61 43 67 98 Na (Reaff:2003) 15 Potassium as mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45‐1993 1.1 Not Specified 2.3 1.1 1.7 2.9 K (Reaff:2003) 16 Calcium as mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40‐1991 37 49 32 75 51 72 Ca (Reaff:2003) 17 Magnesium mg/l 16.4 27.5 7.8 APHA 22nd EDITION 30 16.1 31.5 as Mg 18 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53‐2003 1 0.17 0.46 BDL(<0.05) 0.16 0.56 19 Manganese mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3500‐ 0.1 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) as Mn Mn D 20 Phenolic mg/l APHA 22nd EDN 5530 compounds B,C,D 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) as Phenol 21 Copper as Cu mg/l IS:3025 Part 42 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) (Reaff:2003) 22 Mercury as mg/l nd APHA 22 EDN ‐3112B 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) Hg 23 Cadmium as mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 Cd 0.003 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) B
24 Selenium as mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)
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Se 25 Total mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 Arsenic as As 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) B 26 Cyanide as mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐4500‐ 0.05 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) CN CN E 27 Lead as Pb mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) B 28 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3111 5 0.05 0.11 0.31 0.08 0.22 B 29 Total mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 Chromium 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) B as Cr 30 Nickel mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 0.02 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) B 31 Aluminium mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3500‐ 0.03 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) as Al Al‐B 2012 BDL‐Below Detection Limit
Table 3. 19Results for Surface Water Analysis S.No Parameters Unit Test method SW1 SW2 1 Colour Hazen APHA 22ND EDITION 7 10
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S.No Parameters Unit Test method SW1 SW2 2 Odour ‐ APHA 22ND EDITION Odour Observed Odour Observed 3 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10‐1984 (Reaff: 2002) 1.7 3.2 4 pH at 25°C ‐ IS : 3025 Part 11‐ 1983 (Reaff: 2002) 7.94 7.36 5 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14‐ 1984 (Reaff: 2002) 192 325 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16‐1984 (Reaff: 2003) 103 172 7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21‐1983 (Reaff: 1998) 42 76 8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23‐ 1986(Reaff:2003) 60 82 9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32‐1988 (Reaff: 2003) 30 47 10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION ‐4500‐ SO42‐ E 2 14 11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION ‐4500‐F B&D 0.23 0.64 ND ‐ 12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22 EDITION ‐4500‐ NO3 B 1 2.3 13 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION ‐4500‐ NH3 B&C 0.11 0.26 14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31‐1988 (Reaff:2002) 0.05 0.25 15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45‐1993 (Reaff:2003) 19 27 16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45‐1993 (Reaff:2003) 2.1 3.7 17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40‐1991 (Reaff:2003) 8.2 18 18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION 5.2 7.5 19 Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part 53‐2003 0.27 0.63 20 Manganese as Mn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3500‐Mn D BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 21 Phenolic compounds as Phenol mg/l APHA 22nd EDN 5530 B,C,D BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) 22 Copper as Cu mg/l IS:3025 Part 42 (Reaff:2003) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) 23 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3112B BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 B BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001) 25 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) 26 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) 27 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐4500‐CN E BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 28 Lead as Pd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)
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S.No Parameters Unit Test method SW1 SW2 29 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3111 B 0.09 0.36 30 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 B BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) 31 Nickel mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3113 B BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) 32 Aluminum as Al mg/l APHA 22nd EDN ‐3500‐Al‐B 2012 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) 33 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 17‐1984 (Reaff: 2002) 4 12 34 Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025)
35 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l IS:3025:Part‐38:1989 (Reaff:2003) 7.9 7.1 36 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part‐58:2006 8 21 Bio‐Chemical Oxygen Demandat 37 mg/l IS:3025:Part‐44:1993 (Reaff:2003) <1 2.3 27°C for 3 days MPN/ 38 Total Coliform IS 10500 – 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2014) 26 300 100ml MPN/ 39 E coli IS 10500 – 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2014) 4 40 100ml
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.12.4 Observations The pH limit fixed for drinking water samples as per BIS 10500 (2012) Standards is 6.5 to 8.5 beyond this range the water will affect the mucus membrane and or water supply system. During the study period, the pH values of ground water were found to be within the range of 6.34 to 7.22 in 10 km radius from the proposed project. The pH values for surface water are found to be 7.94 and 7.36. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the limits.The requirement (Desirable Limit) of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is 500 mg/l whereas the permissible limits in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/l as per BIS 10500 (2012) standards, beyond this palatability decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irritation. In ground water samples collected from the study area, the Total Dissolved Solids are varying from 228 mg/l to 612 mg/l. In surface water, TDS found to be 103 to 172 mg/l. The standard value of Chloride is 250 mg/l as per BIS 10500 (2012) Standards, beyond this limit taste, corrosion and palatability are affected. The Chloride levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging from 55 mg/l to 145 mg/l. Chloride levels in Surface water is found to be 30‐47 mg/l. All are within the desirable limits. The upper limit of hardness is 200 mg/l as per BIS 10500 (2012) Standards, beyond this limit encrustation in water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use will be observed. In the ground water and surface water samples collected from the study area, the hardness is varying from 42 mg/l to 194 mg/l.Fluoride is the other important parameter, the standard limitis 1 mg/l ‐ 1.5 mg/l as per BIS 10500 (2012) Standards; the values are observed between 0.23 to 0.71 mg/l in ground water & for surface water it was 0.23 mg/l & 0.64 mg/l.If the fluoride content is less than 0.6 mg/l it causes dental carries, above 1.5 mg/l it causes staining of tooth enamel, higher concentration in range of 3 ‐ 10 mg/l causes fluorosis.
3.13 SOIL ENVIRONMENT It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also predict impacts due to the proposed construction. Accordingly, a study of assessment of baseline soil quality was carried out.
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3.13.1 Data Generation For studying soil quality of the region, six sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical and chemical concentrations were determined. The samples were collected from these different depths viz., 30cm, 60cm and 100cm.
The present study of the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the proposed project. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives: To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics and To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.
Six locations in the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30cm, 60cm, and 100cm below the surface. The samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for Physio‐ Chemical parameters. 3.13.2 Soil Sampling The details of the sampling locations selected for soil sampling are given in Table 3.20 and the map showing the same given below in Figure 3.15.
Table 3.20 Soil Sampling Locations Location Location Latitude & Longitude Direction* Distance* Code N‐12º49’09.10” S1 Project Site ‐ ‐ E‐74º59’14.95” N‐12º49’57.86” S2 Boliyar NW 2.62 E‐74º58’03.08” N‐12º47’23.91” S3 Kairankala SW 4.44 E‐74º57’37.22” N‐12º48’24.92” S4 Mudipu WSW 3.26 E‐74º57’38.52”
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N‐12º48’53.77” S5 Manchi E 4.60 E‐75º01’46.99” N‐12º46’28.87” S6 Bakrabail S 4.98 E‐74º59’27.52”
Figure 3. 15 Soil Sampling Locations 3.13.3 Presentation of Result The results of the soil analysis are tabulated in Table 3.21and Standard soil classification is given in Table 3.22.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Table 3. 21 Soil Analysis Results
S .No Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 1 pH (1:5 Soil Suspension) 6.74 7.05 6.52 7.36 6.65 6.74 2 Bulk Density, g/cc 1.36 1.41 1.28 1.35 1.30 1.29 Electrical conductivity, mS/cm 3 0.066 0.112 0.084 0.051 0.178 0.068 (1:5 Soil Suspension) 4 Available Nitrogen, kg/ha 245 368 411 366 307 286 5 Available Phosphorous, kg/ha 46.2 37.1 54.8 66.8 45.7 69.4 6 Available Potassium, kg/ha 202 236 197 275 260 312 7 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, m.eq/100g 9.84 8.56 10.1 7.27 9.44 12.7 8 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, m.eq/100g 4.73 2.52 5.84 3.85 4.74 5.28 9 Exchangeable Sodium as Na, m.eq/100g 0.37 0.65 0.77 0.44 1.06 0.52 10 Organic matter (%) 0.85 0.55 0.92 0.68 0.58 0.74 11 Texture Classification Clay Loam Loam Clay Loam Loam Loam Sandy Clay Loam 12 Sand (%) 27.1 38.2 22.8 37.2 32.5 49.2 13 Clay (%) 38.4 24.6 33.6 24.1 27.5 26.4 14 Silt (%) 34.5 37.2 43.6 38.7 40 24.4
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Table 3. 22Standard Soil Classification Chemical Ranking Parameters Very Low Low Moderate High Very High pH <4, very 4‐5, Strongly 5‐8, Ideal for 8‐9 Strongly >9 Very Strongly Acidic Plant Growth Basic Strongly Basic Acidic Electrical <2000, 2000‐4000 4000‐8000 8000‐16000 >16000 conductivity Non saline Saline Moderately Highly Extremely (μS/cm) Saline Saline Saline Total <0.05 0.05‐0.15 0.15‐0.25 0.25‐0.5 >0.5 Very Nitrogen (%) Very Low Low Moderate High High Total <5 5‐10 Low 10‐30 30‐60 High >60 Very Phosphorous Very Low Moderate High (mg/kg) Sodium ‐ <200 Non 200‐500 >500 (mg/kg) Sodic Moderate Sodic Potassium ‐ <150 Low 150‐250 250‐800 >800 Very (mg/kg) Moderate High High Calcium ‐ <1000 Low 1000‐2000 >2000 High ‐ (mg/kg) Moderate Magnesium <40 Very 40‐100 Low 100‐300 >300 High ‐ (mg/kg) Low Moderate % Organic 0.5‐1.0 1.0‐2.0 Low 2.0‐3.0 3.0‐5.0 >5 Very High Matter Very Low Moderate High
Texture Classification
100 80 (%)
60 40 20 Percentage 0 Project Boliyar Kairankala Mudipu Manchi Bakrabail Site (AAQ2) (AAQ3) (AAQ4) (AAQ5) (AAQ6) (AAQ1) Sampling LOcations
Sand Clay Silt
Figure 3. 16 Texture Classification of Soil Samples
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Nutrient Contents 450 400 350 300 Kg/Ha 250 200 150
Nutrients 100 50 0 Project Site Boliyar Kairankala Mudipu Manchi Bakrabail (AAQ1) (AAQ2) (AAQ3) (AAQ4) (AAQ5) (AAQ6) Sampling Locations
Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium
Figure 3.17Nutrient contents of the soil samples
3.13.4 Baseline Soil Status The Graphical representations of the Soil texture, Nutrient content are represented in above graphs. It has been found clay loam soil observed & the pH of the soil ranges from 6.52 ‐7.36 indicating that the soil is ideal for plant growth. The nitrogen values are in the range of 50.8 – 72.6 mg/kg and the potassium values range between 197 ‐312 mg/kg, which indicate that the soils have moderate quantities of potassium. The soil from the study area shows moderately fertility.
3.14 GEOLOGY & HYDRO GEOLOGY ASPECTS 3.14.1 Geomorphology Geomorphologically Dakshina Kannada District can be divided broadly into three well‐ defined physiographic units viz. i) Coastal plain ii) Upland pediplain area iii) Eastern hilly area forming part of the Western Ghats. The Coastal plain is a narrow, thickly populated and intensely cultivated area adjoining the coast. There is considerable extent of barren land along the coast partly because it is sandy, rocky, and marshy. The area near sea is covered with coconut gardens. The Upland pediplain area interspersed with low hills between the Western Ghats and the coast, which is moderately cultivated with a considerable extent of fallow land, which can be put to agricultural use. The Eastern hilly area in the eastern part of the district is hilly with thick forest cover, which forms part of the Western Ghats. The hills of the area range in elevation from 1200 to 1500m a.m.s.l. and are capped with laterite, which form plateau usually of oval or elongated configuration. The hill ranges are dissected by numerous streams and
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
rivulets. The prominent peaks in the area are Balihalli (1240m), Amadikul betta (1298m) Attiberi Gudda (1522m), Banganabagile Gudda (1513m) etc. 3.14.2 Soil The soil in the district is mostly lateritic type, found distributed in the Pediplain area characterised by high iron and aluminium content. Lateritic soil is mostly red in color and yellow loamy, pale to bright red colours are also seen. Lateritic soil is suitable for Paddy, Sugarcane, Arecanut and Plantation crops, viz. crops like Cardamom & plantains. Loamy red soils are distributed in the lower reaches of valleys. Red lateritic soil is the most dominant soil type in the area. The texture of the soil varies from fine to coarse. The soil in valleys and intermediate slopes is rich in loam whereas in upper slopes it is much coarse in nature. The soil responds well to irrigation and other soil ‐ management practices. Silty and loamy soils are of transported origin and are found mostly along river banks and in valley plains. They have good infiltration capacity and are well‐ suited for agriculture due to their fertility. There are no major or medium irrigation projects in the district. One vented‐dam has been built across the river Netravati at Tumbe near Mangalore, to cater to the drinking water need of the town. MI tanks, LI schemes and temporary Mudkattas are the other types of surface water utility structures. 3.14.3 Surface water There are no major or medium irrigation projects in the district. One vented‐dam has been built across the river Netravati at Tumbe near Mangalore, to cater to the drinking water need of the town. MI tanks, LI schemes and temporary Mudkattas are the other types of surface water utility structures. Spring: Seasonal and perennial springs are located in the foothills of hillocks and forests in the district. Thermal spring which is of very rare occurrence in south India has been found in the district. This is the lonely thermal spring of Karnataka. It is called as ‘Bendru Teertha” and located at Irde on Puttur‐Panaje road at a distance of 13 km from Puttur. The rock formations exposed in and around the spring are gneisses traversed by veins of quartz and pegmatite on the southern banks of Badantadka river. The temperature of water varied from 35∘C – 38∘C. In the centre of the spring the temperature varies from 37∘C to 38∘C. The chemical analysis data of spring water shows
T.D.S. of 424 ppm, SiO2, 80.0 ppm, Cl 60 ppm, HCO3 196 ppm, Mg 21 ppm, SO4 61 ppm,
CaCO3 121 ppm, Na 81 ppm, K 7.0 ppm and pH 8.2.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Figure 3. 18Drainage Map of the project site 3.14.4 Hydrogeology Weathered and fractured gneiss, granite and schist are the major water bearing formations. Alluvial formation of limited thickness and aerial extent is found along the courses of major rivers. Groundwater occurs under phreatic (water table) condition in weathered zones of gneiss, schist and granite and under semi‐confined to confined conditions in joints and fractures of these rocks at deeper levels. Weathered and fractured gneiss is the predominant aquifer found in the district followed by schistose and granitic aquifers, which occur as isolated patches in some taluks. The depth to water level during pre‐monsoon (May 2006) ranges from 1.85mbgl to 15.17 mbgl. During post‐monsoon it ranges from 1.65 m bgl to 9.40 mbgl The seasonal fluctuation data reveals that 36.5% of the wells show rise while, 63.5% of the wells show a fall in water level. The rise in water level ranges from 015 m to 16.0 m while, the fall ranges from 0.65 m to 4.62 m. Analysis of the long‐term water level trend in the last 10 years (1997‐2006) reveals that 58% of the wells show a rise in water level ranging from 0.014 m to 0.12 m, whereas, the remaining wells (42%) show a fall in the range of 0.01m to 0.19 m.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Bore wells drilled under Groundwater Exploration Programme of CGWB ranged between 16 and 200m.These wells have yielded from less than an lps to 19.9 lps. Though the Transmissivity ranged from 3 to 476 m2/day, it generally ranges from 3 to 20 m2/day. Good yield can be encountered by scientifically pin‐pointing the bore well site. As per the ‘Ground Water Resource Estimation (GEM‐1997)’, the annual ground water availability is 51632.08 Ham; the existing gross groundwater draft for all uses is 31289.77 Ham; after allocating a resource of 5307.30 Ham for future industrial and domestic uses, the net groundwater availability for future irrigation development is 18789.07 Ham. This balance resource can create a ground water irrigation potential of 25079.18 Ha. The ground water development in the district varies from 45.43% (Sulya taluk) to 88.5% (Bantwal taluk) with an average development of 59.5% for the district.
3.15 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The ecological survey has been done to establish the baseline ecological conditions of the study area to assess the potential ecological impacts of the proposed project on ecology, to develop adequate and feasible mitigation measures to keep ecological impacts within acceptable limits, and to prepare comprehensive management plan.
There are no wild life sanctuaries/parks within 15 km radius of the project site. The area did not record the presence of any critically threatened species. The records of Botanical Survey of India and Forest Department also did not indicate presence of any high endemic or vulnerable species in this area. a) Methodology Assessment of the existing vegetation types in the core and buffer zones has been done using standard procedures. The terrain of the impact zone is chiefly plain and in some places gentle undulations are observed. The Biodiversity studies were already carried out in the entire study area. The study of flora is conducted as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India (Anonymous 1994), with respect to the scope and objectives. The study involved in collection of primary data by conducting survey in the field, examination of floral and faunal records in previously published reports and records and analysis of the information in view of the possible alteration in environment of the
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
proposed project site. For the survey of fauna both direct and indirect observation methods were used. b) Biological Environment Table 3. 23Flora and Fauna Composition in the Study Area Flora at study area S. No. Botanical Name Common Name 1 Acacia auriculiformis Earpod Wattle 2 Areca catechu Betel Nut, Aḍike 3 Eucalyptus maculata Safeda forest red gum 4 Grevillea robusta Silver Oak 5 Cassia fistula Amaltas (Yellow) 6 Lagerstroemia speciosa Jarul 7 Peltophorum pterocarpum Copper pod 8 Schleichera oleosa Kusum 9 Terminalia arjuna Arjun 10 Nerium oleander Kanigale 11 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea 12 Syzygium cumini Jamun 13 Acacia nilotica Babul
Fauna at study area S. No. Zoological Name Common Name Mammals 1 Funambulus palmarum Squirrel 2 Rattus norvegicus Field mouse 3 Rattus rattus House rat 4 Herpestes edwardsii Common mongoose Amphibians 5 Rana tigrina Common Frog 6 Bufo melanosticus Toad Reptiles 7 Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard 8 Ptyas mucosus Indian rat Snake Birds 9 Corvus splendens House crow 10 Saxicoloides fulicatus Indian Robin 11 Merops orinetalis Common Bee Eater 12 Halcyon smyrnensis White breasted Kingfisher 13 Anas poecilorhyncha Spot‐billed Duck
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14 Ibisleucocephala Painted Stork Insects 15 Papilio helenus Linnaeus Red Helen 16 Papilio polytes Common Mormon 17 Papilio dravidarum Malabar Raven 18 Papilio polymnestor Blue Mormon
Observed flora at study area
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.16 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY Proposed project site falls under the survey of India Topo‐sheet no. ND‐43‐15. As per MoEFCC guideline, 10 Km radius from the project site is considered as study area for evaluating environmental sensitivity. The description of the environmental sensitivity of the proposed site is given below; I. National park and wild life sanctuary There is no wild life sanctuary, national park or bird sanctuary with in the 15 km radius of the project site. II. Reserve Forest There are two Reserve Forests within the 15 km radius of the proposed project site namely Kalanjimale Reserved Forest ≃ 6.3 km –SSE Virakhamba Reserved Forest ≃ 9.4 km –E
3.17 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE Socio‐ Economic status of the population is an indicator for the development of the region. Any developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the living conditions and on the economic base of population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly, the proposed activities will have its share of socio‐economic influence in the study area. The section delineates the overall appraisal of society relevant attributes. The data collection for evaluation of impact of proposed project on socioeconomic aspects in the study area has been done through primary household survey and through the analysis of secondary data available for study area. 3.17.1 Methodology The methodology adopted in assessment of socio‐economic condition is as given below;
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
To assess socio‐Economic conditions of the Population. Analysis of the identified social attributes like population distribution, availability of public utilities etc., through CD of Census of India 2001 and Census 2011. Primary household survey to assess the present status of population of the study area. 3.17.2 Source of Information As per the scope of this study, the information on socio‐economic aspects has been gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluk Office, Collectorate, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water Board, Directorate of Census Operation, Karnataka etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from the CD of Census of India 2011. The socio‐economic details are briefly described in following sections.
3.17.3 Social Profile Sociological aspects include human settlement, demographic and socio‐economic aspects and infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include agriculture and occupational structure of workers. The Proposed project site for development Industrial Estates is located in an area of585.66 Acres which falls in Bantwal Taluk, Dakshin Kannada District, Karnataka. This Integrated Industrial Estates proposes to have all basic infrastructure facilities like separate Sub‐Station for power supply, separate telephone exchange and High Speed Data Connectivity.
3.17.4 Settlement Pattern The proposed project site is located at Dakshin Kannada District, Karnataka. The study area is decided as an area within 10 km radius from the proposed area.
3.17.5 Population The total population in the district is 20,89,649 (as per 2011 census), the schedule caste population constitutes 148178 and the schedule tribe population constitutes 82268. The sex ratio in the study area district is 1019 females for every 1000 males. The literacy rate is 88.57 %.
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Table 3. 24 Socio – Economic Status of the Study Area as per Census 2011
No. Agricultural Workers in HH Village Population SC Population ST Population Sex Total Cultivators of Literates Laborers industries Ratio Workers HH Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Villages within 0 ‐ 5km radius Boliyar 1036 5753 2854 2899 98 108 13 12 1016 4272 2976 68 19 89 19 71 922 Manchi 1485 8017 4019 3998 95 97 251 253 995 6289 4136 245 66 190 27 133 1276 Ira 1298 7376 3648 3728 154 165 52 61 1021 5665 3866 104 18 64 9 83 1222 Kurnad 571 2718 1369 1349 56 59 7 8 985 2186 1443 23 12 18 2 37 267 Balepuni 1065 5619 2868 2751 178 170 58 62 959 4527 2728 42 20 18 6 29 855 Sajipapadu 369 2036 1023 1013 80 70 1 1 990 1568 1125 60 34 11 9 35 363 Chelur 221 987 483 504 30 26 0 0 1043 804 618 19 14 45 21 13 160 Salethur 486 2698 1382 1316 133 112 103 111 952 2023 1358 15 0 5 1 0 1 Pavoor 1147 5987 2954 3033 122 120 5 4 1026 4538 2924 37 10 34 4 66 904 Phajeer 1267 6550 3288 3262 74 72 18 21 992 5084 3217 142 37 170 46 135 646 Kairangala 960 5788 3002 2786 73 76 6 4 978 4669 2597 12 4 39 17 23 517 Sajipamuda 1482 7609 3776 3833 45 53 104 109 1018 5767 4350 142 75 278 27 216 1586 Konaje 362 1778 858 920 49 59 8 10 1072 1299 936 6 11 0 0 0 4 Adyar (CT) 1413 7034 3488 3546 143 159 34 35 1017 5587 3365 39 11 32 14 91 770 Amblamogru 905 4941 2425 2516 59 57 11 10 1038 3633 2525 69 60 55 16 61 734 Arkula 965 5077 2554 2523 62 75 6 9 988 4123 2464 72 8 9 6 61 533 Kodman 373 1665 825 840 56 44 16 10 1018 1291 1034 37 11 42 10 4 130 Villages within 5‐10 km radius Konaje 362 1778 858 920 49 59 8 10 1072 1299 936 6 11 0 0 0 4 Adyar (CT) 1413 7034 3488 3546 143 159 34 35 1017 5587 3365 39 11 32 14 91 770 Amblamogru 905 4941 2425 2516 59 57 11 10 1038 3633 2525 69 60 55 16 61 734 Arkula 965 5077 2554 2523 62 75 6 9 988 4123 2464 72 8 9 6 61 533 Kodman 373 1665 825 840 56 44 16 10 1018 1291 1034 37 11 42 10 4 130 Kallige 910 4205 2034 2171 56 55 8 12 1067 3262 2469 51 25 56 26 45 691 Thumbe 1200 6230 3123 3107 41 52 7 9 995 4879 3098 23 6 25 16 57 915 Pudu 2315 13533 6726 6807 151 150 25 30 1012 10321 6399 67 25 83 17 118 1619 Bantval 7939 40155 19932 20223 483 480 226 237 1015 32448 18548 268 52 141 42 503 4058 Munnur 1786 8919 4397 4522 78 78 35 10 1028 7342 3956 95 10 23 3 39 704 Amtoor 671 3115 1528 1587 171 186 48 32 1039 2409 1798 42 13 31 7 72 601 Bolanthuru 732 4225 2152 2073 118 125 60 58 963 3150 2263 47 49 5 4 22 137 80
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
No. Agricultural Workers in HH Village Population SC Population ST Population Sex Total Cultivators of Literates Laborers industries Ratio Workers HH Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Kolnadu 2273 12201 6035 6166 470 462 289 265 1022 9333 6818 86 77 64 7 20 66 14522 Sulya 32074 72126 73101 9949 10338 5832 6009 1014 113415 69038 446 284 108 64 401 4001 7 Yenmooru 364 1679 820 859 158 171 27 26 1048 1210 864 2 0 1 0 4 89 Belma 1058 6452 3109 3343 71 70 11 14 1075 5023 2552 35 8 19 5 48 495 Koliyoor 496 2743 1397 1346 23 15 5 5 963 2173 1265 5 4 1 1 44 192 Vorkady 1737 8787 4350 4437 149 150 59 57 1020 6806 4160 174 25 140 15 41 617 7297 17869 Total 359,599 180904 13794 14248 7400 7558 1014 281029 175214 2697 1089 1934 487 2689 27246 8 5
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.17.6 Summary of the Demographic Structure in the Study Area Study Area Details(10 km S. No. Demographic Parameters radius) 1 Name of States Karnataka, Kerala 2 Name of District Dakshina Kannada, Kasargod 3 No. of Tehsil Two 4 No. of Total Villages 35 5 Total No. of Households 72978 6 Total Population 359,599 7 Density of Population (km2)544 Sex ratio(N0. of female\ 1014 8 1000 males) 9 Scheduled castes 28042 (7.8 %) 10 Scheduled Tribe 14958(4.2%) 11 Literates 281029(78.15%) 12 Cultivators 3786(1.05%) 13 Agricultural Laborers 2421(0.7%) Workers in the HH 14 29935(8.32%) Industries
Literacy is an important indicator to assess the Human Development Index of the area. Overall literacy rate for the villages in study area of 10 Km radius is presented in Figure 3.19.
LITERACY RATIO
Female Literates 43% Total Literates 78%
Male Literates 57%
Figure 3.19 Literacy rate representation
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Population Details 400000 350000 359,599 300000 250000 200000 150000
Population 178695 180904 100000 50000 28042 14958 0 Total Male Female SC Population ST Population Population Population Population Demographic Characters
Figure 3. 20 Population Details of the study area
3.17.7 Economic Structure Economic aspects of the study area include the economical structure of the people of the surrounding area. The geographical location, natural resources, business and employment, industries and manpower play vital role in the economic development of any region. It can be predicted that economic structure of the study area will be improved with time, due to the proposed Industrial area development, which will provide employment opportunities. The population can be divided into two groups in terms of employment. Workers and Non‐workers Workers are further categorized into Main workers and Marginal workers. Main worker is a person who has worked last year for six months or more. Marginal worker is a person who has worked last year for less than six months. Non‐worker is a worker who did not work at all during the reference period of one year. The distribution of workers is given in Figure 3.21.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Work force Distribution
30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Cultivators Cultivators AL Male AL Female Workers In Workers In Male Female HH HH industries industries Male Female
Figure 3. 21 Distribution of Work force in the study area
3.17.8 Industrial Profile Dakshina Kannada district is located in southern part of Karnataka. This district is key transport link to north Bangalore due to origin of several national highways and regional transport and educational hub. Paddy, being a major food crop grown in the district, there is scope for few units manufacturing items such as beaten rice and Rice Rotti. Coconut, Areca and Cashew are the major plantation crops in the district.
3.18 EXISTING INDUSTRIES IN DAKSHIN KANNADA DISTRICT Table 3.25 Existing industrial status of district
Prevailing Land Name of Land rate per No of No of No of No. of S acquired the Ind. Developed Acre Plots allotted Vacant units in No. (In Area (In Acres ) (In developed Plots Plots production Acres) Rs.lakhs) 1 Baikampady 937.36 541.49 100.00 507 507 Nil 487 2 Karnad 65.85 65.85 15.00 90 90 Nil 87 3 Puttur 21.40 21.40 0.52 35 35 Nil 34 4 Tannirbhavi 124.50 ‐ 100.00 ‐ 7 ‐ 2 5. EPIP 205.16 205.16 40.00 39 39 11 9 6. ITSEZ 81.19 50.00 2 2 ‐ 1 517.93 7. Non‐SEZ 64.935 50.00 15 15 ‐ ‐ 8. Canara 585.66 585.66 50.00 ‐ 3 48 ‐
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Table 3. 26 List of large scale industries in Dakshina Kannada district Total Year of Name & Address End S.N0 Constitution Inv.(Rs. in Employment Commencement of the Unit Product Crores of Production 1 Mangalore Refinery Crude, Public sector 7424.05 1248 1996 & Petrochemicals LPG, MS Ltd., (M R P L), (Petrol)
Kuthettur Post, Katipalla, Mangaluru– 30. 2 Kudremukh Iron Pellets Public sector 1501.14 509 1976 Ore Projects, Panambur, Mangaluru. 3 Mangalore Ammonia, Limited 581 808 1966 Chemicals & Urea, Fertilizers, Sulphuric Panambur, Acid Mangaluru.
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ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental impact can be defined as “any alteration of environmental conditions orcreation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration”. In this chapter the environmental impacts associated with the proposed development of Canara Industrial area are identified, characterized and evaluated systematically. The prediction of impacts on various environmental parameters during construction and operational activities helps to identify the mitigation measures to minimize the adverse effects on environment. The prediction of environmental impact can be done with the help of baseline data collected, which derives the environmental quality to derive the environmental scenario.The major impacts that could result from the implementation of the project are felt on land, air, water, biological, socio‐economic and aesthetic environments. Each impact is classified by different categories as follows: Based on the nature of the impact (primary or secondary) Duration of impact (long term or short term) Type of impact (positive or negative) Degree of impact (significant or insignificant)
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT AND IMPACT ANALYSIS The environmental impacts caused due to the development of the project can be categorized asprimary (direct) and secondary (indirect) impacts. Primary impacts are those which are induceddirectly by the project whereas the secondary impacts are those which are indirectly inducedand typically include the associated investment and changing patterns of social and economicactivities due to the proposed action.
Interaction of the project activities with environmental attributes is presented asActivity‐Impact matrix in Table 4.1.
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Table 4. 1‐ Activity‐Impact identification matrix
Impacts on Biological Physical Environment Geology Topography S.No Activities Environment Natural Air Water Noise Flora Fauna Soil Drainage A. Construction Phase 1. Labour camp activities ‐ve/t Material transport 2. ve/t ‐ve/t &storage 3. Earthwork ‐ve/p ‐ve/t 4. Pavement works ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/p Construction equipment 5. ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t use 6. Plantation +ve/p +ve/p +ve/p 7. Drainage works +ve/p 8. Culvert ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/p 9. Stripping of top soil ‐ve/t 10. Debris Generation ‐ve/t ‐ve/t 11. Oil & Grease ‐ve/t Construction in rivers & 12. ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/t ‐ve/p ‐ve/p canal B. Operational Phase 1. VehicularMovement ‐ve/p ‐ve/p ‐ve/p ‐ve/p
4.3 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Construction phase includes site clearance, site information, infrastructure provision, Building works and allied activities. The impacts of the construction phase of commercial and industrial complexes will be mainly on air, water, noise, land, socioeconomic and biological environment.
4.3.1 Land Environment Impacts The proposed construction activities will change the land use pattern to accommodateInfrastructure and other facilities. This includes site clearing which will lead to loss of vegetation and wildlife habitation, modification of drainage pattern and erosion of clearedareas. Also there will be surface disposal equipment relatedwaste which will render the soil useless. There will be loss of top soil which is rich in organiccontent and loss of vegetation. Change in the topography i.e. elevation and leveling will causewater logging within the site and prevent recharging of surface water bodies.
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Mitigation Measures Top soil helps to improve water holding capacity of soil and promote healthyvegetation. This top soil can be stored separately and used in landscaping areas. Promotion of green belt can control the destruction of native species. Rain water harvesting prevents the flooding of low‐lying areas. A proper layout will be set up for storm water drains within the site to prevent waterlogging within the site. If water gets accumulated during excavation, then it should be pumped out and disposed into the municipal drain. 4.3.2 Air Environment Impacts The various activities that affects ambient air quality during construction phase is site clearing. Preparation of approach roads, excavation, drilling foundation, tunneling, deployment of machinery, erection, transportation, dumping will cause dust and gaseous emissions. The pollutants released during the construction activities may cause immediate effect on the construction workers directly exposed to them. The transportation of large quantities of construction materials in unleveled roads willcause air pollution. The emissions from the vehicles can change the ambient air quality.
Mitigation Measures Sprinkling of water regularly will avoid dust particles entering into theatmosphere and the sprinkling of water will be increased during windy days. All the vehicles used for the transportation of raw materials will be covered withtarpaulin/plastic sheet. Plantation of trees will create barrier for noise pollution as well as air pollution. Temporary tin sheets will be erected around the proposed construction to control dust.
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Stack height of DG sets to be kept in accordance with CPCB norms, which prescribes the minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set to be calculated using the following formula: H = h +0.2×√KVA H= Total height of stack in meter h= Height of the building in meters where the generator set is installed KVA= Total generator capacity of the set in KVA 4.3.3 Impacts on Water Environment A large quantity of water will be used for construction activities such as earth works, crushing of stones, cutting and modification of the terrain, alteration of drainage systems and soil erosion. The construction materials stored without cover will cause pollution of local water bodies and surface water during rainy season. Also the surface runoff will increase the level of suspended solids in surface water. This will adversely affect the aquatic life which depends completely on surface water Mitigation Measures Excavated area will be covered to prevent runoff during monsoon season. Check dams shall be constructed to prevent construction runoff entering intosurrounding water bodies. Leak proof containers will be used for storing oil/grease to prevent surfacewater and ground water contamination. 4.3.4 Noise Environment The major activities which cause noise pollution are foundation works, construction activities and movement of vehicles and operation of equipment. Some of the activities which cause noise pollution during construction phase are drilling, welding, cement concrete mixing and pulverizing. The vehicles used for the transportation of construction materials will affect the noise environment. Mitigation Measures Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds should be restrictedto normal working hours. All the vehicles entering the project area will be informed not to blow horns,unless it is required. Workers operating noise generating equipment will be provided ear muffs.
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Barricades will be provided around the construction site to confine noise withinthe site. Noise generating equipment will be used during day time and will not be used during night time. 4.3.5 Health and Safety The equipment’s used for construction will generate noise during operation and it will affect the workers by damaging their ear drums. The vehicles used for the transportation of construction materials will cause air pollution that can cause respiratory problems to the workers. The dust generation during construction phase also can affect the workers and cause asthma and bronchitis. The solid waste generated during construction will affect surface water and can cause health problems to workers. Mitigation Measures The workers involved in operating major noise generating equipment will beprovided with ear muffs. All the workers will be provided with masks to get rid of asthma and bronchitis which can be caused due to air pollution. All the workers will be provided with safety equipment during work. Water used for drinking purposes and other domestic uses will be treated properly before using it for domestic activities. 4.3.6 Fugitive Emission During constructional stage, the site will not be overtaken completely by fugitive emissions as there are only construction activities and vehicular emission. Dust generation during construction activities will not pollute the environment severely. The other source of fugitive emission during construction stage is vehicular emission. There will be no greater impact on the environment because of fugitive emissions. Mitigation Measures The workers will be provided with face masks to get rid of fugitive emission. Steps will be taken to control vehicular emission. Steps will be taken to safeguard the surface water quality or any significant areafrom dust. 4.3.7 Solid Waste A large quantity of solid waste will be generated during construction phase and it will be treated in an environmentally acceptable manner. The major source of solid waste
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will be excavation and vegetation. These wastes can affect ground water and surface water. Mitigation Measures Leveling work and filling up low‐lying areas will minimize solid waste. Solid waste will be segregated into different heaps and it will be sold or will beused for land filling. The solid waste generated during construction phase will be used for leveling andfilling up of low lying areas. 4.3.8 Impact on Socio‐economic Environment Up‐liftment of the area economically. Literacy rate will improve. Increase in land prices, labor rates and room rents. There will be increase in demand for hotels and public transport. The number of hospitals, schools, banks, workshops and retail shops will beincreased.
4.4 IMPACT DURING OPERATION PHASE 4.4.1 Land Environment Dumping of municipal and industrial waste on the land will affect the soil quality. Poor Garbage management will lead to unsanitary conditions including vermin, odor and fly infestation. The spillage of waste oil from DG sets will also affect the land. Mitigation Measures The wastes generated will be treated and disposed properly. Toxic waste from industries will not be disposed on land without treating it in aproper manner. Generation of waste will be minimized during all the processes. 4.4.2 Air Environment The impact on air environment depends on the raw materials of member industries. SOx & NOx are anticipated during the usage of DG sets and boilers. The vehicles used for transportation of raw materials will cause air pollution.
Mitigation Measures Use of low Sulphur fuel will minimize the emission from diesel generators.
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Development of green barrier will reduce the level of particulate matter. The emission standards fixed by government authorities will be followed. Vehicles will be maintained properly. Green belt development
Pollution abatement via green belt development is one of the vital components for any Industrial activity. The main objectives of green belt development plan in any area are: 1. Aesthetic Enhancement. 2. Reduction of impacts of air pollution, dust& noise pollution. 3. Arrest soil erosion 4. Climatic amelioration. Selection of species and trees: The planting species are selected based on the physical growth characteristics of tree like form and shape, foliage pattern, growth rate, branching pattern, soil characteristics, water conditions and climatic conditions of the area. 4.4.3 Water Environment During the operation phase water will be sourced from Netravati River. The liquid effluents which are supposed to be discharged out may cause severe problems to the environment when compared with the waste water generated by domestic activities. The members industries are responsible for treating effluent from industries. Mitigation Measures The wastewater generated by domestic activities will be treated in STP.Industrial effluents having different properties will be treated properly in ETP of respective industry.KIADB will mandate all member industries to provide treatment system for sewage/effluent generated during operation phase.
4.4.3.1 Strom Water Management and Rain water Harvesting
Storm water drains will be provided to collect water during rains. It would be sized adequately to prevent flooding of the site. It is proposed to have rain water harvesting structures for recharge of roof top rain water and rainwater of paved surface at respective buildings. The storm water drains will be acting as recharge trench and intermittent check dams will be provided in the storm water drains to infiltrate maximum amount of water into the ground. The rainwater harvesting potential for the entire site area is given below: 92
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i. Significance of the Rain water Harvesting Rainwater harvesting and re‐charging in to ground water provides increase of ground water table. Rainwater harvesting prevents the flooding of low‐ lying areas in the campus, Salinity of ground water is reduced. ii. Runoff co‐efficient of various surfaces as per CPWD
S.No Various Surface Area Co‐Efficient 1 Roof Catchment 1.1 Tiles 0.8‐0.9 1.2 Corrugated Metal Sheets 0.7‐.9 2 Ground Surface Covering 2.1 Rocky material catchment 0.2‐0.5 2. 2 residential complex in 0.5‐0.7 suburban areas apartment 2.3 Parks, cemeteries 0.10‐0.25 2.4 Unimproved land areas 0.10‐0.30 2.5 Asphaltic or concrete 0.7‐0.95 pavement 2.6 Brick pavement 0.70‐0.85 2.7 Play ground 0.2‐0.35 iii. Land Use Breakup S.No Description Acres Sq.m 1 Industries 404.60 1637416.20 2 Commercial Area 7.17 29016.99 3 Roads 34.46 139459.62 4 Amenities & Utilities 29.28 118496.16 5 Park/ Buffer Zone 65.21 263904.87 6 Transport & Parking 29.28 118496.16 Land in slope + 5.05A encroached by 15.66 63376.02 Karnataka Forest Department Total Area 585.66 2370166.02
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Average annual rain fall in Bantwal =3700 mm Total area = 2370166.02 Sq.m Average rainy days are 126. In Bantwal peak hourly rainfall 120 mm. The capacity of recharge tank is designed to retain runoff for at least 15 minutes of rainfall Peak intensity of rainfall in Bantwal= 30mm.
Table 4. 2– Rain water Harvesting Potential of the site
Runoff at hourly Rain Normal Total runoff Runoff FallIntensity S. rainfall available in Area type Area in Sqm Co‐ (50 Year frequency in India) No in mtr cubic efficient of 120 mm/hour. 15 minutes /annum mtr/annum of rainfall intensity is 30 mm
1 Roof 1666374.06 3.7 0.85 5240746.40 42492.54 Area 2 Paved 257946.63 3.7 0.75 715801.90 5803.80 Area 3 Unpaved 445761.24 3.7 0.2 329863.40 2674.57 Area Total 2370081.93 6286411.70 50970.91
Runoff at 15min Rain Fall Intensity = 50971 m3/15 min Volume of the pit (2m*3m*4*40% filtrated material) = 14.4 m3 Total No. of Rain water harvesting Pits = 50971/14.4cu.m =3540 Nos. Total 3540 number of rain water harvesting pits will be provided.
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Figure ur4. 1Rain water Harvesting Pit
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4.4.4 Noise Environment During operation phase, noise pollution will be aroused due to DG sets, VehicularMovements and machineries in industries. There will not be much noise duringOperation phase when compared to construction phase.
Figure 4. 2 Impact Network on the Noise Environment
Mitigation Measures Proper acoustic measures will be provided to reduce the noise generated by DG sets and isolation of DG will reduce the noise at receiver’s end. Green belt development will also reduce noise. Employees will be provided with ear plugs, ear muffs etc.
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5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has framed broad guidelines for siting of an industry/proposed projects to help the concerned authorities and entrepreneurs. The broad environmental guidelines recommend for siting of industries/proposed project to ensure optimum use of natural and manmade resources in sustainable manner with minimal depletion, degradation and destruction of environment are given in Table 5.1. Table 5. 1Site Selection Criteria: Areas to be avoided
Sufficient land to meet the demand of green Land Procurement belt development, reuse of treated water, storing of solid waste before final disposal Coastal Areas At least 500m from high tide line. At least 200m away from the estuary Estuaries boundaries. At least 500m from flood plain or modified Flood plains of the Riverine system flood plain, or by flood control systems Transport /Communication system At least 25km from highway and railway At least 25 km from the project growth Major Settlements boundary of the settlement (3 lakh population) At least 5 km (Archeological monuments, Ecologically Sensitive Area National parks and Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Hill resorts, Scenic areas, etc Ecologically and / or otherwise sensitive areas include: 1) Religious & historic places 2) Archeological monuments 3) Scenic areas 4) Hill resorts 5) Beach resorts 6) Health resorts 7) Coastal areas rich in coral, mangroves, breeding grounds of specific species 8) Estuaries rich in mangroves, breeding ground of specific species 9) Gulf areas 10) Biosphere reserves 11) National parks and Sanctuaries 12) Natural lakes, swamps 13) Seismic zones 14) Tribal settlements 15) Areas of scientific and geological interest 16) Defense installation, specifically those of security importance and sensitive to pollution 17) Border areas (International) 18) Airports 19) Tiger Reserves/Elephant Reserves/Turtle nestling grounds 20) Habitat for migratory birds 21) Lakes/reservoirs/dams
During siting of the proposed development of Canara Industrial Area care will be taken to minimize the adverse impact of the proposed project on the immediate neighborhood as well as distant places. Some of the natural life sustaining systems and some specific
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5.1 SITING CRITERIA The proposed development of Canara Industrial Area is located at Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu village, Bantwal Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District. The details of siting criteria of the proposed project are as follows: Table 5. 2Siting Criteria of the Proposed Project
Proposed Development of Canara Industrial Area in Details Siting Guidelines Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka Ecologically sensitive At least 5 km Nil Areas Coastal Areas ½ km from high tide line Nil Flood plain of Riverine ½ km from flood plain Nil system Transport & ½ km from highway and Nil Communication Railway Rehabilitation & KIADB acquired land as per ‐‐ Resettlement issues the statutory norms Avoid prime Agriculture Type of Land Barren land land
5.2 Site Selection Overlooking the environmental factors during site selection at the project initiation stage will generally increase the project cost due to the increase in the compliance to environmental regulations and also will make the project vulnerable to opposition from the public. The selected site is best suited for industrial activities. Hence no other alternative sites have been proposed. Site selection for the development was made keeping the following points in view: Air shed and topography of the region. Watershed, drainage patterns and the hydrogeology of the region. Meteorological conditions that favor the dispersion of air emission. Major water bodies and downstream users within the study area.
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5.3 Mitigation Measures Appropriate mitigation measures adopted such as STP, Municipal and Hazardous waste management, Storm water management and Rain water harvesting system to mitigate the impacts on air, water, land, noise and biological environment. Hence there will be no need of alternative site for the development of Canara Industrial Area.
5.4 Alternative Energy Solar energy is proposed as an alternative energy. Solar street lights are proposed to be used and the upcoming industries would be asked to install solar water heaters to feed pre heat water to process. This will help in saving the electrical energy. However, solar energy can be saved only during summer days.
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6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
6.1 INTRODUCTION An Environmental Monitoring Plan provides feedback about the difference between actual environmental scenario and the impacts of the project on the environment and helps to judge the adequacy of the mitigation measures in protecting the environment. It would be ensured that a well‐defined Environmental Monitoring Program with trained and qualified staff supervisors, sampling and monitoring of ambient air, DG set and Boiler stack gases, sewage and trade effluents, noise, etc would be followed for the proposed project. The monitoring program will be done in both the phases’ i.e. Construction and operation Phase.The three types of environmental monitoring are associated with the projects, which includes: i. Baseline Monitoring: It deals with the measurement of environmental variables during a pre‐project period to determine existing conditions and ranges of variation. ii. Effects/Impacts of Monitoring: It involves measurements of environmental variable during construction and operation phase of the project to assess the impact that may be caused by the project. iii. Compliance Monitoring: It takes the form of periodical sampling and continuous measurements of level of pollutant emission in the air, water discharge on land or water, level of noise to ensure that standards are met.
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM The basic objectives of the environmental monitoring program are: To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during project implementation To provide feedback to the decision makers about the effectiveness of their actions To identify the need for enforcement action before irreversible environmental damage occurs To provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a given set of human activities and mitigation measures
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6.3 SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN As per the guidelines of MoEFCC, Environmental monitoring shall be required during construction and operation phases. The schedule for monitoring ambient air quality, ambient noise quality,ground water quality and waste water quality both during construction and operation phases of the project is given in Table 6.1.
Table 6. 1 ‐ Environmental Monitoring Schedule Monitoring Duration of Monitoring S. No Particulars Frequency Sampling Parameters 1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring PM10, PM2.5, SO2, a Project site Once in 3 months 24 hour NOx and CO 2 Stack Monitoring SO2, NOx, SPM, a DG set Once in 3 months 30 min CO, CO2 3 Ambient Noise Level 8 hr a Near DG set Once in 3 months continuously Noise level (dB) with 1hr interval 4 Ground / Drinking water Quality Parameters Ground water at a Once in 3 months Grab Sampling specified under project site ISO: 10500, 1993 5 Sewage Quality Monitoring Physical, a STP Inlet Chemical and Biological Once in a month Grab Sampling parameters b STP Outlet specified under IS: 2490:1982 6 Soil Quality Samples pH, texture, EC, collected from organic matter, three different nitrogen, At the green belt a Once in a year depths viz., phosphate, area 30cm, 60cm and calcium, 100cm below potassium and the surface. magnesium. 6.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN TO IDENTIFY IMPACTS ON VECs The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed project has been developed in view of the institutional, scientific and fiscal issues pertaining to the project. For developing the monitoring plan, appropriate Value Ecosystem Components (VECs)
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which are likely to be affected have been identified. For each component, suitable measurable environmental indicators which are appropriate to the impact mechanism and scale of disturbance and have a low natural variability, broad applicability and an existing data series have been defined.
6.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF WORKERS Regular health checkups for the labors are conducted periodically to monitor the health conditions and also to identify the impacts of the project on the health of the employees if any. Subsequently necessary actions will also be taken to mitigate them by providing proper medical facilities.
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT The proposed project may propose and maintain an in‐house environmental laboratory for the routine monitoring/sampling of air, water, soil, meteorology and noise. For monitoring / sample analysis, the member industries/developer may utilize the services of in‐house environmental laboratory and external laboratories as third party monitoring/sampling/analysis for compliance. The in‐house laboratory equipment required for monitoring/sampling/analysis is listed in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 List of Equipment proposed for EnvironmentalLaboratory S. No. Name of the Equipment Gaseousstack monitoring kit for SO2, NOx, Flue gas volume, 1 Temperature and conventional monitoring kit for particulates 2 Air samplers with PM<10 µm & PM<2.5µm provision 3 Portable flue gas combustion analyzer 4 Portable noise level meter 5 Portable waste water analysis kit 6 Electronic balance
6.7 SCHEDULE OF MONITORING DATA The environmental monitoring cell will co‐ordinate all monitoring programs at the site and the report generated will be forwarded to the state regulatory agencies regularly. The frequency of monitoring will be done on the basis of statutory requirements to the local state PCB officials and to the regional office to MoEFCC. The Environmental audit reports shall be prepared for the entire year of operations and it will be submitted to regulatory authorities.
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7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may lead to disasters affecting public health and safety. An emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the consequences. Industrial accidents will result in great financial and personal loss. Over exertion, ergonomic injuries and illness caused due to repetition motion and manual handling are among the most common problems that can be raised during construction of the proposed development of Canara Industrial area. Risk analysis requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of populations etc. Based on the risk assessment, disaster management plan has to be prepared. The major hazards anticipated in the proposed project are illustrated below: Fire in diesel storage areas, garbage storage areas and disposal areas Natural disasters such as Earthquakes, flooding, etc. Electrical accidents Disasters from manmade sources
7.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Hazard identification has been given primary importance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving various processes. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is the characteristic of a system/plant/process that gives potential to an accident. To reduce the impacts of hazards, it should be evaluated and safety management plan should be prepared.
7.2.1 Safety Management Plan Steps involved in the prevention and control of risk are as follows: Implementation of good house‐keeping practices, such as sorting and placing loose construction materials or demolition debris in identified areas away from foot path. A fall protection plan will be implanted for the persons who will work in heights and also depending on the nature and aspects of the fall hazard.
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Appropriate measures will be taken for the prevention and control of hazards caused by moving objects and machinery. Suitable dust suppressing measures will be implemented to suppress dust generated from moving vehicles and construction activities.
7.2.2 Hazard Identification and Evaluation A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out to identify the major hazards associated with storage and processing of member industries. This is followed by consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Physical and Health Occupational Hazards in any Industry can be broadly classified into the following categories: a) Electrical Hazards Electrical hazards leading to fire and explosion in switchgear and other equipment mainly due to failure of circuit breakers, insulators, fuses and poor maintenance etc. Nevertheless, all these hazards lead to localized accidents only. b) Fire Hazards There could be other areas in the plant that have a potential for fire hazard and require adequate firefighting equipment for example, the raw material storages. These are considered here since uncontrolled fire may trigger the above emergencies due to domino effect. c) Toxic release The member industries may use corrosive and toxic materials. If those materials are not handled properly, it will lead to burns and toxicity. Self‐contained breathing apparatus will be made available. d) Corrosive/ Reactive/Radioactive Chemical Exposure Risks: The upcoming member industries may use hazardous chemicals which are toxic and flammable, which will be used as raw material for manufacturing. Separate storage will be provided for these chemicals and it will be handled with at most care by following the safety norms for handling of hazardous chemicals. e) Mechanical Risks: The failure of mechanical equipment’s causes injury to workers and other harmful effects.
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Table 7. 1List of Equipment proposed for Environmental Laboratory
S.No Block/Area Hazards Identified 1 Flammable Chemical Storage Fire, Spontaneous Combustion Fire in cable galleries, short circuits in 2 DG set control rooms and switch gears Fire in cable galleries and switch 3 Switch – yard control room gear/control room Fire due to accidental spill, leakages of 4 Process reaction vessels flammable raw material from the equipment 5 Power Transformer Explosion and Fire
7.3 DISASTER MANGEMENT PLAN Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accident. An appropriate disaster management plan (DMP) shall be prepared in consultation with the project proponent, architect, service consultant and maintenance staff. a) Preventive Action Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure. The project in‐charge, responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipment’s, materials, labor and expertise for use during emergency. The project in‐charge should notify the officer for the following information: Exit points for the public Safety areas Nearest medical facilities b) Communication System An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities involving police and fire department, hospital department considering the following points: Identify the relevant officials and institutions to be involved for the first, second and third level of information; Preparation of the telephone directory of these officials and making available to all concerned person;
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Allotment of toll free number to a central communication centre. Provide wireless communication tools to safety and security and communication officers; Empowering central communication centre with latest communication equipment and tools. c) Emergency Action Committee To ensure co‐ordinate action, an emergency action committee shall be constituted. An emergency evacuation plan based on local needs and facilities available will be prepared. The broad content of plan will include the following: Demarcation of the areas to be evacuated with priorities Safe area and shelters Security of property behind in the evacuated areas Functions and responsibilities of various members Setting up of joint control action An elaborate firefighting arrangement will be designed for the proposed project. Functions and responsibilities of various members. 7.3.1 Onsite DMP Onsite Disaster: If an accident/incident takes place within the industrial area and its effects are confined to the premises, involving only the persons working in industrial area and property inside the industrial area. Important elements of Onsite Emergency Plan Protection of vital records Emergency action Light and Power Protective and Rescue equipment Public Relation Periodical revision of plan Source of energy control Leadership and Administration
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Functions
Control center is the main center from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. Facilities such as communication, pollution records, storage records of hazardous materials, manufacturing records and contact details of key personnel would be made available in the control center.
Assembly point is the safest place which should be pre‐determined, all the personnel evacuated from the affected areas to the assembly point where in case of emergency. The works main controller who acts as the General Manager of the plant will declare the emergency and he will instruct gate office to operate the emergency siren after assessing the gravity of the situation.
The work incident controller is designated as the supervisor and he is the next responsible person after main controller. He will rush to the affected area and report the situation to the main controller. The other key personnel responsible for handling the emergency are communication officer, Fire and Safety Officer, Telephone operator, Medical officer and Administrative Officer.
Onsite Emergency Plan should contain:
Site plan and topographic plan. Plan showing firefighting facilities. Plan showing hazardous and material storage area. Material safety data sheets for hazardous chemicals. List of emergency and safety equipment’s. Contact details of key personnel 7.3.2 Offsite DMP Offsite Disaster: If the effects of the accident inside the industrial area uncontrollable and it may spread outside the premises, it is called offsite disaster. Objectives of Offsite Emergency Plan To save lives and injuries. To prevent or reduce property loses and To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.
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There are three groups which play a vital role in preparing off‐site emergency plan. They are State Crisis Group, District Crisis Group and Local Crisis Group. Chemical accidents(Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) rules, 1996 prescribes for the constitution of the State crisis group as apex body at the state level to deal with major chemical accidents and to provide expert guideline for handling major chemical accidents. The composition of the district crisis group has been prescribed under the chairpersonship of district collector and local crisis group under the chairpersonship of sub‐divisional magistrate. The district crisis group shall meet every forty five days and send a report to the state crisis group. The local crisis group shall meet every month and forward a copy of the proceedings to the district crisis group.
7.4 RISK AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN Emergencies can occur at any time usually without warning. When an emergency occurs, the safety and prompt recovery of the project site depends on the preparedness and careful response of our workers, peoples and visitors. The information listed below provides basic emergency information to help individuals respond thoughtfully in an emergency event. a) Building Evacuation In the event of an emergency, all occupants must vacate the building immediately. When notification occurs, all building occupants must evacuate from the nearest marked exit place and alert others within close proximity to do the same. Assist mobility to impaired persons to the closest “area of rescue assistance”. Use staircases to exit from the building. Do not use elevators in the event of fire, earthquake or other emergencies where you could become confined inside. Provision for individuals with disabilities. b) Training There is a proved fact that human beings when faced with adverse situations, tend to react in the way for which they have trained and practiced. Emergency preparedness coordinator should have regular meetings with people in their building to let them know what to do and what to expect as much as possible. The project proponent will conduct mandatory Emergency Preparedness Training sessions annually, in person or web based. The training will be conducted through a collaboration of the office of the 108
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Associate vice president for administration, campus operation and campus safety. Any change in the Emergency preparedness coordinators should be immediately reported to both the Environmental Management Cell and the Environmental Safety Officer. The emergency preparedness training should be on fire fighting, the equipment’s used for firefighting should be checked periodically and mock drills should be conducted.
7.5 HAZARDOUS CONTROL MEASURES a) Fire: To prevent fire mishaps and to manage the emergency situation during fire in the proposed project the following activities and precautions are proposed.
• Emergency evacuation plan is important for all projects, and the same will be prepared as per Fire & Safety rules. • Regular mock drills will be carried out to create awareness on procedures to be followed in times of emergency situation/evacuation. • It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks to prevent smoke inhalation especially for those with respiratory disorders for whom smoke inhalation can be very dangerous. • Plant manager will be advised to ensure that the firefighting equipment’s are in good working conditions. • The plant will be provided with sufficient firefighting equipments (water, soil, cylinders, etc). Simple steps to be followed during emergency are as follows. Call the fire rescue department: During fire in plant, leave the premises by nearest available exit. Call fire department and do not assume anyone else has called the fire department. If your cloth catches fire, do not get panic or run, stop, drop and roll. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet clean cloth: Stay calm cover your nose and mouth with a wet, clean cloth to prevent smoke inhalation injury and choking. Never jump off or attempt to climb down the side of tall structures as it will mean certain death. Do not run: During a fire, smoke containing poisonous gases such as CO tends to rise up. When you run in a smoke filled room, you tend to inhale the smoke faster. CO dulls the senses and prevents clear thinking, leading to panic. To prevent being asphyxiated, dip tissues or cloth in water and cover your noise with it.
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Head‐count of the occupants: During an emergency, make good use of the evacuation procedure and help each other to reach out of plant/building safely. Ensure nobody is left behind by doing a head‐count of occupants. Visitors should read and understand the evacuation plan before going into the plant/building area and ensure their safety. b) Natural Disasters Natural disasters occur without notice. Most disasters are natural such as earthquake, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, landslides, tsunamis and volcanoes. We have no way of stopping them, but we can learn to deal with the difficult situations that arise due to them. During disasters like floods, fire, earth quake, landslides, rescue beings at site. Even before external help arrives, people affected by the disasters help each other. The government and many voluntary organizations send teams of workers trained in rescue operations to disaster‐affected areas. These teams join hands with the local community helpers such as doctors, nurses, social workers and policemen. Temporary shelters are built for displaced people. Doctors and nurses provide medical aid. They treat the wounded and work to control epidemics. Social workers collect food and cloth from all over the country for the disaster‐affected people. The police maintain law and order. Media –persons help in spreading news about the victims and their conditions. They also post advertisements that urge people to donate for victims. In extreme conditions, the army and Air force organize rescue operations. They clear roads, send medical teams and help to move people to safer places. The air force drops food, water and clothes in the affected areas. Organization like UN helps in providing aid during massive disasters. Individually, people from all over the world also come forward to help during a disaster. They donate blood while many donate money. Some even reach the disaster affected places to give an extra hand in the rescue operation. Families adopt children who have lost their parents and thus give them a new home. c) Electrical Accidents Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks and electrocution which can lead to serious injury and even death. When dealing with potentially serious electrical hazards stop and think, Instead of taking a chance and risking your personal safety, call trained professionals to handle problems. Many times people prefer to take electrical matters into their own hands. Other small aspects of electrical repair in a business setting may 110
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be taken care of without needing professional service technicians. If you do decide to take matters into your own hands, safety precautions can avoid injuries and other losses. i. Prevention of Electrical Accidents Flexible cords connected to appliance should be wired to confirm to the international Colour code. Colour of the insulation on the wire is • Brown represents live wire, • Blue represents neutral wire and • Green/yellow stripes represent earth wire. What you should look for when selecting an electrical appliance is given below: a) The appliance should be suitable for operation on local electrical supply of 240 volts AC and frequency of 50 Hz. b) The appliance should preferably be tested and certified by a national or reputed standards testing authority. c) Look for certified plugs on the flexible cords connected to the appliances. If the appliance is double insulated and has a 2‐pin plug, then it should be fitted with a suitable certified plug. d) An essential formality when buying any appliances is a duly completed guarantee card with the dealers/retailer's official stamp and details of the appliance (serial number, etc.). Safety precautions to be taken when using electrical appliances a) Avoid using handheld appliances when your hand and/or body is wet. b) Do not use or leave appliances where liquid can splash on to them. c) Flexible cords connecting the appliance and the plug should be in good condition, if the cord is frayed, chaffed, cut or melted, have the entire cord replaced by a competent person. d) Check accessories such as plugs attached to appliances for cracks and burnt marks and have them replaced. If undue overheating occurs or burnt marks appear in any electrical appliance, have it checked.
7.6 PUBLIC HEARING Public Hearing has been conducted for proposed development of “Canara Industrial Area” over an extent of 236.93 Ha at project site on 09.08.2018. The public hearing
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notice was published in 2 leading state level newspapersone in English (Times of India) and one in vernacular language –Kannada (Udayawani). KSPCB Mangalore had issued notification on 10.07.2018 in local leading newspaper “Vartha Bharati”. The public hearing was conducted in line with the EIA notification dated 14th September 2006. The notices and photographs of the public hearing are given below. A copy of the Proceedings is attached as AnnexureVand time bound action plan towards the issues raised during the public hearing is given in the table below.
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Sl No Queries raised Reply 1 Shri. Kamruddhin, Resident, Balepuni Sri. K C Shiva Kumar, DO and Sri. Village asked the authorities what type of Kumarappa K.S. DDO from KIADB, industries will be established in the Mangaluru replied that as of now there proposed industrial area and requested to is no proposal came to their take village Panchayat in confidence prior department for the setting up of to allotting the site for industries and not industries in the proposed site and allow any hazardous or polluting industries allotment of the land for the industries in the proposed area. He said that this area will be taken up in the District single is considered as dry area and requested to window agency Committee headed by supply water for the nearby villages and Deputy Commissioner. Regarding the also to allot 5 acre land for Moolur type of industries he said that there Government School for playground will be zoning for different type of activities. industries and the plots will be allotted accordingly. Regarding the allotment of land for School Sri. Kumarappa, DDO from KIADB, Mangaluru said that as there is a guidelines to reserve the area for industries in any industrial area hence, reserved area for the industries cannot be given for school activities but the land reserved for other facilities in the area can be allotted for school activities. If any such proposal comes in this regard a suitable decision will be taken in this regard as per the guidelines. Regarding the water supply to this area was considered as dry area, for this Deputy Commissioner informed that this is a huge industrial area will require large amount of water and during finalizing the proposal for supply of water the village will be considered to get the water supply from it. 2 Shri. Jagadeesh Alva, Mudipu informed that With related to the jobs for locals Sri. in this area there are many companies Kumarappa, DDO from KIADB, including Infosys are working but they Mangaluru said that although it is not
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failed to fulfil the assurance of giving jobs coming under KIADB purview and per to the locals and requested to give priority the information available, MESCOM for the local people for giving employment. official drawing electricity line from Further he demanded that no wastewater alternate route as there is some should flow into the nearby village problem in two villages with respect to generated from the Industries and he urged laying of electricity line to the authorities to develop the connecting At this point Deputy Commissioner road from the project site to Mudipu. informed the public that now only he came to know the issue regarding the electricity supply to this project area, he will call the MESCOM official to next District single window agency meeting to discuss the issue and assured the issue with MESCOM officials in the matter. 3 Shri. Fayaz of Belepuni village representing Regarding the land acquisition Shri. Abdulla of Mudipu Village asked about problems raised by the public with the details of land acquisition related to respect to project area Shri. Sy.No. 26/3 of Mudipu village belongs to Kumarappa, DDO from KIADB, Shri. Abdulla, here requested not to acquire Mangaluru said that he will give all the said land as the resident of that land are information regarding this issues after very poor and they are running a shop for discussing with land acquisition the livelihood and if land is acquired they officials of KIADB and asked the public have no way to lead their life as they are to contact him directly to get the not so affluent to construct a new house information. and the compensation given also is meager hence he requested not to acquire the land Sy. No. 26/3 of Mudipu village belongs to Shri. Abdulla. 4 Shri. Radhakrishna Rai, Balepuni also The allotment committee while informed that there are about seven to allotting industrial plots will prefer eight residential houses are facing the land green industries. The houses area are acquisition problems in the Mudipu area already acquired by the KIADB. and demanded that the authorities to solve the problem. Further he asked not to allow environmental hazard industries in the proposed project. 5 Shri Abdul Khadar, Mulur requested to We have requested Sri. Abdul Khadar provide a copy of technical presentation to collect a copy of the technical made in the hearing. presentation made in the hearing from K.S.P.C.B., Mangaluru office.
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6 Shri Abdul, President, Ira Grama The electricity cable laying work for Panchayath requested the authorities to providing electricity to the said take Gram Panchayat for confidence for the industrial area is in progress with the development of the proposed project and help of district administration. give maximum employment to the local Action is being taken as per terms and villagers. He informed that there is a conditions of the lease cum sale problem in laying Electricity line to the said agreement of the board to provide project in Salettur village and Kukkaje employment to the land losers. village and urged to rectify the said The water will be supplied from problem. Nethravathi river to Canara Indl. Area Referring to the 20 acre of land acquired in for which pipe line is to be laid from the Ira village, he informed that previous Mittakodi booster pumping station to Deputy Commissioner has ordered to the Canara indl. Area. The Allotment release the fund received during land committee will prefer green acquisition to Farm Forestry development industries/less polluting industries. which is against the Panchayath Raj Act, hence requested to allot the fund to Grama Panchayath for village development as per the said Act. He requested to improve the water supply to the area and not to allow environmental pollution industries in the project area. 7 Gaurav Hegde, President, Canara Small In addition to this the KIADB is Scale Industries Association, Baikampady, reserved the land for development of Mangaluru said that it is good that an STP & CETP in the proposed industrial industrial area is going to come up in this area. The layout map is enclosed in village area, which will help in the Annexure VII development in the district. He said that it is the duty of individual industries to follow the Rules and regulations to control the pollution and also said that it is good to have local employees for the industries. He requested KIADB to include the STP for sewage treatment and CETP for the Effluent treatment in the proposed project proposal 8 Shri. B.A. Nazeer, KSIA, Baikampady Land is reserved in the layout map for Mangaluru asked whether it is feasible to ESI hospital, KIADB section office and this area to have a common rain water common facility center within the harvesting system and also he requested project area. The layout map is KIADB to provide a building facility for ESI enclosed in Annexure VII and KIADB section office and a common 115
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facility center within the project area to address the problems and issues related to industries and employees immediately 9 Shri. Henry Britto, Industrialist Mangaluru Land is reserved for CETP and Solid asked to provide a separate dumping yard waste management dumping yard in to dispose the solid waste and CETP to the proposed layout. The layout map is manage the effluent waste generated enclosed in Annexure VII within the industrial area managed by KIADB
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8 PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT Dakshina Kannada is one of the most industrialized districts in Karnataka and is known as “The Cradle of Indian Banking”. It has 23 large and medium industries and 21,986 MSME thriving across traditional sectors like Agriculture, Banking and Education as IT, petro‐chemicals, port activities, fisheries, Food and marine processing. In view of the above facts, KIADB has acquired 585.66 acres of land at Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu villages of Bantwal taluk, Karnataka to establish Canara Industrial Area. This project helps to develop infrastructure facilities, providing employment opportunities and improve the economy of the nation. Thus the proposed project is significant and is needed for the development of the area.
8.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE The proposed development of Canara Industrial Area shall lead to direct and indirect employment to the people in the surrounding area. The changes which will be made in the social infrastructure by the development of the proposed area as follows: During the construction period, the people who depend on agriculture and who are not educated will get jobs like ancillary services for a temporary period. Employment opportunities for engineers, labors, security guards, housekeepers, etc will be created after the establishment of Industrial Areas. Due to the development of this industrial area, land value and house rent will be increased. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities in the Industrial Area will improve the social economic condition of the people in the surrounding area. The economic condition of the people in the respective area will be improved and facilities like education, plantation and parks, community, post offices and medical will be developed.
8.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE The proposed industrial area will include all the following infrastructure facilities: Water supply network Public Utilities
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Development of roads and bus stop Improvement in power supply and street lighting Improvement in transportation facilities Rain water harvesting facilities Sewage treatment Green belt development There will be rigorous movement of vehicles during the operation phase of the project and there will be development of roads. Residential, water supply and sewerage improvements will be done.
8.4 OTHER BENEFITS Market and business establishments in the surrounding area will be increased. Cultural and recreation facilities will be improved. Income and employment opportunities will be improved. Rental demand for housing will be increased. The concept of reduce; recycle and reuse will be practiced to conserve the resources and minimize waste.
8.5 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 8.5.1 Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility is a form of corporate self‐regulation integrated into abusiness model. Ideally, CSR focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest by encouraging community growth and development and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sector, regardless of legality. Economic growth is possible only through consumption of inputs available in the environment and society. The harnessing of natural resources has direct impact on the economy, the environment and society at large. CSR is a concept whereby organizations serve the interestof society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and environment in all aspects of their operations. CSR is closely linked with the process of sustainable development. It extends philanthropic activities and reaches out to the integration of social and business goals.
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These activities need to be seen as those which would, in the long term, help secure a sustainable competitive advantage. 8.5.2 Planning Selection of activities under CSR would be made to ensure that the benefits reach the smallest unit i.e. Village, Panchayat, Block or district depending upon the operations and resource capability of the proposed project. The approach to CSR planning will be shifted from an adhoc charity to a long term sustainable approach. The long term CSR plan will match with the long term business plan. This will be broken down into medium term and short term plans. Each of these plans will be clearly specified the following: Requirements relating to baseline survey Activities to be undertaken Budgets allocated Timelines Prescribed Responsibilities and authorities defined Major results expected However, these plans also clearly specify the implementation guidelines and the involvement of implanting agency. The procedures and methodologies prescribed for monitoring shall be highlighted as well as the modalities of the concurrent and final evaluation. Finally, there would be a clear specification will be provided regarding mandatory documentation of the experience. 8.5.3 Identification CSR initiatives will be considered in the following parameters for identification/selection of schemes/projects as per the stipulated guidelines: Thrust will be given wherever possible to areas related to the business of the proposed project as a natural corollary to the business. Investment in CSR would be project bases. Mere donations to philanthropic/charity or other organizations would not come under the category of CSR. CSR activities would generate community goodwill, create social impact and visibility.
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CSR activities also involve the suppliers in order to ensure that the supply‐chain also follows the CSR principles. Project management would take the shoulder responsibility for restoring/Compensating for any ecological damage that is taking place as a result of its operations. Care will be taken to ensure that work towards fulfillment of the National Plan goals and objectives, as well as the Millennium Development Goals adopted by our country, ensure gender sensitivity, skill enhancement, entrepreneurship development and employment generations by co‐creating value with local institutions/people. Project management will define their business continuity plan to factor in Hazards, risks and vulnerabilities. They would also create value in innovative social investments in thecommunity and may focus on the areas of “Preparedness and Capacity Building” in Disaster Management (DM). Public‐Private Partnership between the Government and the Central Public Sector could also be encouraged to leverage the strengths of the latter in Disaster Management needs to network with the Ministries in Government of Karnataka.
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANANLYSIS
As per EIA Notification 2006, this Chapter of the ‘Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis’ is applicable only if it is recommended at the Scoping stage. As per the ToR points issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi vide F.No21‐135/2015‐IA.III dated12.11.2015 for the proposed project the Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis is not applicable and hence has not been prepared.
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10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 INTRODUCTION The Environmental Management Plan should be integrated in overall project process covering all phases of project cycles such as design, location, construction and operation. It is required to ensure sustainable development in the proposed project area. It is an action plan proposed to control pollution at its source level before it gets discharged out to the environment. The most reliable way to ensure that the plan will be integrated into the overall project planning and implementation is to include the plan as an integral component of the project. The company has a well laid down Environmental policy as per the guidelines of environmental protection and management plan of Karnataka Industrial policy. For optimal integration of EMP into the project, there should be link for: Funding: It helps to ensure that the proposed actions are adequately financed. Management & Training: It helps in embedded training, technical assistance and other institutional strengthening items in mitigation measures to implement the overall management plan. Monitoring: It helps to evaluate the success of mitigation measures. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be established to monitor and to ensure the proper functioning of the Proposed Project. The EMS will include the following: Environmental Management Cell Personnel Training on Environmental Awareness Program and Safety Issues
10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL An effective organizational structure should be set up for the effective implementation of the mitigation measures to minimize the impacts due to activities in the industrial area. The responsibilities of Environmental Management Plan are given below: To implement the mitigation measures To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations. To ensure regular operations and maintenance of pollution control measures. To intimate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule.
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Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws. Conducting environmental awareness programs for the patients and employees on safety issues, water management and energy conservation.
10.3 ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT An organizational structure for managing the environment has been recommended for the development of proposed Canara Industrial Area. The general manager (Environment) is directly responsible for environment management of the proposed project. The members of the environmental management group and their qualifications are given in the below Table 10.1. The organizational set up of the Environmental Management Cell is shown in Figure 10.1.
Figure 10. 1– Environmental Management Cell
Table 10.1 Environmental Management Group
S.No Designation Minimum Qualification 1 EHS Manager Post Graduate 2 Site In‐charge M.Tech 3 Supervisor B.Tech 4 Operator ITI/Diploma 5 Electrician ITI/Diploma 6 Mechanic ITI/Diploma 7 Shift Chemist B.Sc (Science) 8 Horticulturist Graduate – Science
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10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 10.4.1 Air Quality Management The impact during construction stage is temporary and it will decrease gradually when the construction activities get over. The works which will be carried out during the construction phase are grading and leveling for the construction of roads, sewerage network, storm water system and places required for the construction of buildings. Most of the materials gained through excavation process will be reused within the industrial area. Some of the control measures proposed to be followed is given below: Temporary tin sheets will be erected around the proposed construction site to control dust generated through construction as well as vehicles. Sprinkling of water on haul roads can control dust and the frequency of sprinkling will be increased during windy days. Plantation of trees at the early stages of construction to control dust. All the vehicles carrying construction materials will be covered with tarpaulin / plastic sheet. 10.4.2 Water Quality Management The waste generated will be segregated based on their nature and will be disposed properly. Solid waste will be recycled and disposed separately. The wastewater generated during construction phase from temporary toilets used by the construction workers will be disposed through septic tank followed by soak pit. The waste water generated by washing construction equipment’s and vehicles used for construction will be directed to the working pit. The runoff water from the proposed site gets collected to working pit and if there is any overflow, it will be diverted to the green belt or other plantation area. 10.4.3 Noise Quality Management The impact due to noise during the constructional stage is temporary. The construction equipment’s which make noise will be used during day time. The proposed project site will be surrounded by thin sheets to control noise. All the vehicles entering the project site will be informed to maintain speed limits and not to blow horns unless it is
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required. The workers in the proposed industrial area will be provided with personal protective equipment’s like ear muffs and helmets covering ears. 10.4.4 Land Quality Management The solid waste generated during construction phase will be segregated and reused. It will not be allowed to settle in working pits as suspended solids. The solid waste generated during excavation process will be used for leveling purposes. All the construction materials will be stored in the respective area and it will not be allowed to damage the properties of soil. 10.4.5 Solid Waste Management The solid waste generated during construction phase will be inert in nature and these wastes does not create any chemical or biochemical pollution. Most of the solid material will be used for filling or leveling of low lying areas. The construction waste generated would be gone under reduce, recycle and reuse processes. These wastes will be segregated into heaps, so that it facilitates reuse process. The reuse of construction material basically depends on their separation and conditions of the separated material. All the waste will be stored within the project site. The local body or a private company will be arranged to provide skip containers/trolleys on hire. The construction waste such as bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings will be reused to the possible extent. 10.4.6 Drainage Drainage system will be provided for the site to avoid flow of runoff to the surrounding properties and roads, especially during the monsoon months. Water accumulated during excavation will be pumped out and disposed either in the municipal storm water drain or into recharge soak pits of dry bore wells.
10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE 10.5.1 Air Quality Management Major pollutants envisaged from the proposed project will be from the Industries and vehicles movement. The major pollutants will be oxides of nitrogen, particulates and sulphur‐dioxide. The following methods of abatement will be employed for the control of air pollution is as follows: Sampling ports will be provided in the stacks according to KSPCB guidelines. .Using clean fuel will reduce emission of pollutants from vehicles.
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.Development of green belt will reduce the level of suspended particulate matter. .The emission from stacks will be monitored regularly for monitoring the exit concentration levels of oxides of nitrogen and Sulphur. Table 10. 2– Air Pollution Control Measures S.No Air Pollutant Source Control At Common Facilities
1 PM10/PM2.5/SO2/NOx & DG Set Stack height and air pollution CO equipment’s meeting MoEFCC/KSPCB regulations At Individual Industry 2 Process emission of Fugitive in Standardization of equipment’s and industries nature accessories (Engineering Standards)
3 PM10/PM2.5/SO2/NOx DG sets and Stack height and air pollution & CO Boilers control equipment’s meeting MoEFCC/KSPCB standards 10.5.2 Noise Quality Management All the noise generating equipment’s in the development of Canara industrial Area must be designed not to exceed the noise levels 85‐90 dB as per Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The equipment’s will be provided with acoustic shields or enclosures to minimize the noise level inside the upcoming industries of the industrial area. Some of the practices proposed for noise attenuation are as follows: Sound levels will be consistent with local government regulations. Ambient noise levels will be monitored periodically monitored to determine compliance with the norms. Noise levels will be monitored at point source for occupational noise exposure and ensuring health risk. Proper maintenance of transportation vehicles. Development of green belt to minimize noise levels. Anti‐vibration pad will be provided to all noise generating machines like pumps, compressors etc.
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10.5.3 Water & Wastewater Quality Management a) Water The source of water for the proposed development of Canara industrial area is from Netravati River. The major part of the water will be supplied to industries and the minor part of water will be supplied for domestic purposes. b) Waste water It is necessary to install a full‐fledged treatment plan for treating the effluents and sewage generated by the industries which is going to be located in Canara industrial area. The upcoming industries may be small, mediumand large. The waste water generated by domestic activities will be treated in STP of capacity 1.5 MLD. Industrial effluents having different properties will be treated in ETP of respective industry. KIADB will mandate all member industries to provide ETP for treatment of effluent generated during operation phase.
10.5.4 Rain Water and Storm Water Management Storm water drains will be provided to collect water during rains. It would be sized adequately to prevent flooding of the site. It is proposed to have rain water harvesting structures for recharge of roof top rainwater and rain water of paved surface at respective buildings. Treatment of silt, oil and grease removal will be provided to rainwater harvesting recharging pit. The overflow from the recharging pit and storm water drains of road will be collected in the road side storm water drains. The storm water drains will be acting as recharge trench as the bottom will not be lined and intermittent check dams will be provided in the storm water drains to infiltrate maximum amount of water into the ground. The excess water will be diverted to the common storm water drain. The improvement of recharging capacity of the aquifer, greenbelt development and construction of check dams along the natural drains will be done under CSR activity.
10.5.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management The waste generated by the member industries are classified as Manufacturing process waste – May fall under the hazardous waste category
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Waste from utilities such as ash, paper, plastic and other packaging waste Pollution control facilities The waste will be collected and segregated with respect to the category and type of waste. It will be then stored in an ear‐marked area. Municipal waste will be collected and stored in an ear‐marked storage yard and further hand over to the authorized facility for treatment and disposal by the industries and by the developer. The following criteria will be taken into account while establishing and maintaining storage facilities: Storage facilities to be set up by the project proponent or any other agency shall be designed in a way that waste stored should not be exposed to open atmosphere but it should be aesthetically acceptable and user‐friendly Storage facilities or bins shall have easy design for operating and transportation of waste. The waste bins used for storing bio‐degradable waste will be painted green, bins used for storing recyclable waste will be printed white and bins used for storing other waste will be printed black. Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If it is unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling will be carried out under proper with proper precautionary steps for the safety of workers. 10.5.6 Green Belt Development In order to comply with the MoEFCC guidelines for greenbelt development within the proposed development of Canara industrial area. KIADB is planning to develop thick green belt of tall and evergreen plants of 30m along the periphery and on the either sides of the roads within the individual industrial units of the proposed project. The width of the shelter belt will vary in different areas depending on the availability of land. All the plants are locally adapted and the present site can support their growth with suitable horticulture practices. Green belt development is one of the most effective environmental pollution control. This is very effective in trapping the pollution causing agents viz. dust and gaseous pollutants. The green belt is being proposed for the following objectives: Mitigation of fugitive emissions Noise pollution control Preventing soil erosion
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Balancing eco‐environment Aesthetics
Green belt development plan The proposed industrial area has dedicated a buffer area of 65.21 acres of total land area. The plantation in this stretch can be done in two rows conveniently and if at all the area accommodates even the third row of plantation can be done. The first row of plantation will consist of small to medium sized ornamental tree species and subsequent rows can be accommodated with shade bearing or ornamental trees alternatively. Number of proposed tress in the green belt area is given in the table below: Distance from embankment 1m away from the toe of the embankment Spacing between plant to plant 3m Spacing between rows 3m Size of the pits 60x60x60 cm (in suitable soils, kankar panes to be broken by augur. In water logged areas, mound with height varying depending on water level) Height of the samplings at the time of 1.5m to 2m planting Survival percentage of plantation 90% at any time
10.5.7 Avenue/Roadside Plantation: The proposed industrial area has dedicated an area of 34.46 acres for the development of road. The plantation in this stretch of area can be done with trees and shrubs species. The selection of species will be done so that it should act as pollution absorber and also should form a screen for traffic and roadside residences. Following points will be taken into consideration while developing green belt 1. Tall trees, with height more than 8 to 10 meter will be planted around the source. 2. Planting of trees will be in appropriate encircling rows, each rows alternating the previous one to prevent further fauning and horizontal pollution dispersion. 129
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3. Since tree trunks are normally devoid of foliage, we will plant small shrubs in front and in between the tree spaces. 4. The open areas between the process installations where trees cannot be planted will be covered with lawn grasses for effective trapping and absorptions of air pollutants. 5. Fast growing trees with thick canopy and perennial foliage will be selected so that the effective tree height with envisaged objective will be attained in minimum span of time. Planting Pattern: A standard horticultural practice involving planting of saplings in pits of substantial dimensions i.e. 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm for big trees and along half of these dimensions for smaller trees and shrubs. The pits then will be filled with earth, sand, silt and manure in predetermined proportions. Saplings planted in such pits will be watered regularly during dry months. The growing plants are then cased at least for the first two years under favourable conditions of climate and irrigation. Nutrients in pits are supplemented and the juveniles provided protection. Hence it is safe to assume that trees and bushes grow as green belt components. For effective removal of pollutants it is necessary that (i) Plants grow under conditions of adequate nutrient supply, (ii) Absence of water log‐ging and (iii) Are well exposed to atmospheric con‐ditions (light and breeze). For roadside avenue plantation, both automobile pollution and industrial pollutants need to be considered. Components of Green Belts on roadside hence, should be both absorbers of gases as well as of dust particles, including lead particulates. Concentration levels of oxides of nitrogen and Sulphur. Table 10. 3 List of species suitable for plantation in the proposed Industrial Area Common Name/Local Vernacular S.No Botanical Name Name I. Trees 1 Lagerstroemia speciosa Jarul 2 Alstonia scholaris Caṭim mara 3 Anthocephalus cadamba Kadam
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4 Cassia fistula Golden shower 5 Delonix regia Gulmohar 6 Pongamia pinnata Karanj 7 Terminalia arjuna Arjun 8 Terminalia bellirica Bahera 9 Butea monosperma Palas 10 Swietenia macrophylla Mahogany 11 Azadirachta indica Neem 12. Tectona grandis Teak 13 Tabebuia rosea Pink trumpet tree 14 Saraca indica Sita ashoka 15 Jacaranda mimosaefolia Neeli Gulmohur II. Shrubs 1 Bougainvellia Kagadada hoovu 2 Tecoma Koranekelar III. Grasses 1 Cymbopogon citratus Lemon Grass 2 Cynodon dactylon Durva
10.5.8 Traffic Management Vehicle movement will be regulated inside the site with adequate roads and parking lots. The layout of the proposed site has been planned to develop an internal road network in such a manner that it integrates the whole proposed project in an interesting composition to build masses and open spaces with a pedestrian dominated movement pattern. An adequate wide drive way to cater one way traffic has been planned inside the project site. Traffic study of the project area is given as Annexure II.
10.5.9 Fire Safety Measures Firefighting system of the proposed building is designed based on the recommendations of NBC 2005. All the member industries that are going to be located in the Canara Industrial Area are expected to have their own unit/site specific for fire protection system and common fire protection system as additional backup and support required any combating eventualities due to fire accident. The following safety measures are envisaged: Automatic detection and Alarm system Manually operated electric fire alarm system Automatic sprinkler system External yard hydrant
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Fire Extinguisher 10.5.10 Human Health and Safety Management The objectives to ensure the health and safety of onsite personnel are proactively managed during the construction stage of the project. The human health and safety of the proposed projects are as follows: Construction site will be readily available with first aid kit for the construction workers and employees. Suitable transport will be available to take the injured person to the nearest hospital immediately. The primary health concern on potential health risk for the construction workers and other employee’s onsite during construction are associated with drinking water quality. The project site will comply with all regulation regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations and safe means of entry and exit. The project will also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used in the form of paste or readymade paint. Facemask will be provided for workers when paint is applied in the form of spray. Workers will be provided with ear plugs, face masks, protective foot wear, goggles, helmets, safety belt to the workers working at higher platforms, gloves to all workers employed in mixing.
10.6 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT KIADB has acquired the land for proposed project as per KIAD Act 1966. The acquired land is barren land & area is devoid of any residential settlements. KIADB has paid compensation to land losers as per KIAD Act, 1966. Moreover land losers can bet employment opportunities also in upcoming industries based on their educational qualification. Hence no R & R issues involved.
10.7 BUDGETARY PROVISION Environmental Monitoring and other mitigation measures as proposed in the above sections shall be implemented by the project proponent during the construction and operation period. The detailed budget provisions are presented in Table 10.4
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Table 10. 4– Environmental Management Cost Operational Cost Capital Cost S.No. Description of Item (Lakhs per (Lakhs) Annum) 1 Construction of STP 60 10 2 Air Quality mitigation measure 10 1.5 3 Greenbelt Development 15 2 4 Energy Conservation measures 12 3 5 Solid Waste Management 14 5 6 Water conservation measures 40 5 7 Environmental monitoring ‐‐‐ 10 Total 151 36.5
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11 . SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
11.1 INTRODUCTION Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has proposed to develop 585.66 acres plot area of Canara Industrial Area at Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu village, Bantwal Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District.
11.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE SITE The proposed site of highlights and salient features is given below in Table 11.1. Table 11. 1Site Salient Features
S. No. Particulars Details 1 Geographical Location Latitude : 12°49'01.1"N Longitude: 74°58'58.0" E 2 Elevation above MSL 133 m AMSL 3 Climatic Conditions Maximum Temperature ‐ 36.6 °C Minimum Temperature ‐ 26.1 °C Average Rainfall – 3789.9 mm 4 Land Availability 236.93 Hectares (585.66 acres) 5 Nearest Highway NH 48 ‐ Mangalore Bangalore Highway ≃ 8 km ‐ N SH 101‐Surathakal Kababa ≃8.6 km ‐ E 6 Nearest Railway station Bantwal Railway station ≃ 8.9 km –NE 7 Nearest Airport Mangaluru International Airport ≃ 17.5 Km –NW 8 Nearest Town/City Bantwal ≃ 8.54 –NE 9 Topography Undulating terrain 10 Archeologically important Nil within 15 km radius places 11 National parks / Wildlife Nil within 15 km radius Sanctuaries 12 Water bodies / Rivers Netravati river ≃ 4.0 km –N Uppala river ≃ 5.5 km – SE Padar Lake ≃ 8 km ‐SE 13 Reserved / Forests Kalanjimale Reserved Forest ≃ 6.3 km –SSE Virakhamba Reserved Forest ≃ 9.4 km –E 14 Seismicity Seismic zone‐III (Moderate) 15 Defense installations Nil within 15 km radius
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11.3 SITE CONNECTIVITY The proposed site is well connected by the roads, rail & waterways and the details of the site connectivity is shown in below Table 11.2. Table 11.1 Details of the site connectivity
Location Ira, Chelur, Balepuni and Kurnadu village Nearest Railway Station Bantwal Railway station ≃ 8.9 km –NE Major roads NH 48 ‐ Mangalore Bangalore Highway ≃ 8 km ‐ N SH 101‐Surathakal Kababa ≃8.6 km ‐ E Nearest Airport Mangalore International Airport≃17.7 Km‐ NW
11.4 PROJECT SITE AREA Land use breakup of the proposed is given in below Table 11.3. Table 11.2: Land use Breakup of the proposed project
S. Description Acres Hectares % of Land Use No. 1 Industries 404.60 163.70 69.10 2 Park/ Buffer Zone 65.21 26.38 11.13 3 Transport & Parking 29.28 11.84 5.00 4 Roads 34.46 13.94 5.88 6 Amenities & Utilities 29.28 11.84 5.00 7 Commercial Area 7.17 2.90 1.22 8 Land in slope & 15.66 6.33 2.67 encroached by Forest Dept. Total Area 585.66 236.93 100.0
The proposed industrial area will include following infrastructure facilities: Industrial Plots STP Approach roads Power Sub‐Stations Internal roads with storm water drains Power supply and street lighting Rain Water Harvesting System
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Water supply network Public utilities Parking/Buffer zone area. Green Belt Development Commercial Residential
11.5 WATER REQUIREMENT OF THE SITE The estimated water demand during the construction phase is 125 KLD (approx.), 25 KLD for labors and 100 KLD for construction activities and during construction phase the water required will be sourced from tanker supply. Water demand during the operation phase is 4 MLDand the water for the operation phase is sourced from Netravati River. Water Balance for the proposed project is given in Figure 11.1.
Figure 11.1: Water Balance Flow Sheet
11.6 WASTEWATER GENERATION Quantity of sewage generated during the construction phase will be 18.6 KLD. The sewage generated will be 1.2 MLD which will be treated in the STP of individual industry. The treated water will be reused in toilet flushing, gardening, etc. and the estimated amount of wastewater generated from the industries will be 3.3 MLD, which will be treated in their respective Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP). KIADB will mandate
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member industries to adopt ZLD concept.The treated water will be reused for industrial purposes like cooling, heat exchangers, boilers, cleaning equipment’s etc. Table 11. 3: Estimated Solid Waste Quantity from Canara Industrial Area
Solid Waste Area in Unit Demand Type of Land Use Population Generation Acres kg/cap/day kg/cap/day Industries 404.60 25287.5 0.2 5057.5 Commercial 7.17 717 0.2 143.4 Civic Amenities & 29.28 2928 0.2 585.6 Utilities Park & Buffer zone 65.21 0 0.1 6.5 Transport & Parking 29.28 0 0.1 292.8 Area Roads 34.46 0 0.1 3.4 Total 570.00 28932 ‐‐‐ 6089
11.7 POWER REQUIREMENT The power requirement for the proposed development is 34.20 MW. The source of power will be from Mangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (MESCOM).
11.8 BASELINE STUDY Baseline Environmental Studies covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site have been conducted for a period of three months from October 2015 to December2015 to determine the existing status of various Environmental attributes viz., climatic and atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydro geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio‐Economical environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project. Air Environment PM10 – A maximum value of 57 µg/m3 was observed at Near Bakrabail (AAQ6). A minimum of 35 µg/m3 was observed at Manchi (AAQ5). The 24 hours standard limit is 100µg/m3, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
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PM2.5 – The maximum value of 27 µg/m3 was observed at Near Bakrabail (AAQ6). A minimum of 13 µg/m3 was observed at Kairankala (AAQ3) and Manchi (AAQ5) The 24 hour’s standard limit is 60µg/m3, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
SO2 ‐ The maximum value of 7.1 µg/m3 was observed at Mudipu (AAQ4). A minimum of 5.0 µg/m3 was observed at Kairankala (AAQ3) as well as at project site. The 24 hours standard limit is 80 µg/m3, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
NOX ‐ The maximum value of 13.7 µg/m3 was observed at Mudipu (AAQ4). A minimum of 7.6 µg/m3 was observed at Project site (AAQ1). The 24 hours standard limit is 80µg/m3, the sampled locations are within the prescribed limit.
Noise Environment Day Time Noise Level:‐
Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 45.5 – 48.7 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 48.7 dB (A) at Mudipu (N4) and a minimum of 45.5 dB (A) was observed at Ira (N6). The monitored locations are under the prescribed limit.
Night Time Noise Levels: ‐
Noise levels observed to fall in the range 39.2 – 41.6 dB (A) during the night time. Maximum noise level of 41.6 dB (A) was observed at Mudipu (N4) and a minimum of 39.2 dB (A) at Ira (N6).The monitored locations were under the prescribed limit.
Water Environment The analytical results of ground water samples indicates that the average pH ranges in between 6.94 – 7.94, TDS of 228 mg/l was found in Boliyar, correspondingly the hardness, alkalinity, chlorides & sulphates were also average. Iron value of BDL, was found in all 5 locations near Project Site, Boliyar, Kairankala, Mudipu & Manchi. The groundwater at project site is comparatively good and with some treatment, can be used for domestic purpose.
Soil Environment It has been observed that the pH of the soil ranges from 6.52 to 7.36 indicating that the soil is ideal for plant growth. The nitrogen values are in the range of 45.2 – 72.6 mg/kg 138
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and the potassium values range between 197 ‐ 312 mg/kg, which indicate that the soils have moderate quantities of potassium. The soil from the study area shows moderately fertility.
Demography & Socio‐ Economics The baseline data includes the socio economic status of the area. The data about the human settlements in and around the project site, health status of the community, existing infrastructure facilities for social welfare, job opportunities, safety and security of the workers and the surrounding population. The positive impact of the proposed project and the socio economic status in the buffer zone is reported.
11.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN The Environmental Monitoring Programme is a vital process in successfully carrying out the Environment Management Plan (EMP) for any construction project. Based on project description, Environmental Baseline Data and Environmental Impacts, the Environmental Management Plans are suggested of the following: Institutional set up for EMP Implementation Construction Safety and Occupational Health Management Rain Water Harvesting Solid waste Management Hazardous waste Management Green Belt Development & Management Disaster Management Plan Risk and Emergency Preparedness Plan Energy Management
11.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Table 11. 4: Environmental Monitoring Program
S. Monitoring Duration of Monitoring Particulars No Frequency Sampling Parameters 1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring a Project site Once in 3 months 24 hour PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO
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2 Stack Monitoring
a DG set Once in 3 months 30 min SO2, NOx, SPM, CO, CO2
3 Ambient Noise Level a Near DG set Once in 3 months 8 hr Noise level (dB) continuously with 1hr interval 4 Ground / Drinking water Quality a Ground water at Once in 3 months Grab Sampling Parameters project site specified under ISO: 10500, 1993 5 Sewage Quality Monitoring a STP Inlet Once in a month Grab Sampling Physical, Chemical and Biological b STP Outlet parameters specified under IS: 2490:1982 6 Soil Quality a At the green belt Once in a year Samples pH, texture, EC, area collected from organic matter, three different nitrogen, depths viz., phosphate, 30cm, 60cm and calcium, 100cm below potassium and the surface. magnesium.
11.11 CONCLUSION Based on the environmental assessment, all possible environment aspects have been adequately assessed and necessary control measures have been formulated to meet with statutory requirements, in the preparation of the EIA‐EMP. The proposed project has positive impacts on the socio‐economic environment of the study area. The unit will provide direct and indirect employment for Technical, Skilled and unskilled personnel to the nearby villages. Thus implementing this project will not have any significant negative impacts. Thus, the proposed project is a welcome development and may be accorded environmental clearance.
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12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
12.1 Introduction
This chapter describes about the environmental consultant engaged in preparation of REIA report for the proposed Canara Industrial Area located Ira, Chelur, Balepuni & Kurnad villages, Bantwal taluk, Dakshin Kannada District, Karnataka.
12.2 The Consultant: ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited
ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (formerly ABC Environ Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) is an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company constantly striving towards newer heights since its inception in 2006. Our Company is dedicated to provide strategic services in the areas of Environment, Infrastructure, Energy, Engineering and Multilab. It is the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant, approved for carrying out EIA studies and obtaining environmental clearance for various sectors such as Thermal Power Plants, Infrastructure, Industrial Estates / Complexes/ Areas, Mining, Township & area development and Building construction projects etc. ABC Techno Labs is equipped with in‐house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India. Since establishment ABC Techno Labs focus on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully completed more than 100 projects of variety of industries, in the field of pollution control and environmental management solutions. The company is also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner production technology. The team of technocrats and scientist are well experienced to deal with the design, Manufacture, Fabrication, Installation, commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater treatment plants, Sewage Treatment plants, and Combined Treatment plants.
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The company is having well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after environmental projects & well equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and our clients.
12.3 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited Environmental Services Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil, Ecology, Socio‐Economic and Demography etc; Environmental Monitoring Socio Economic Studies Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies Ecological Impact Assessment Environmental Management Framework Solid Waste Management Hazardous Waste Management Internship & Training Turnkey projects Water Treatment Plants Sewage Treatment Plant Recycling & Water Conservation Systems Zero Discharge System Other services Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals Pilot Plant studies Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates Laboratory services Chemical Testing Environmental Testing 142
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Microbiological Testing Food Testing Metallurgical Testing
12.4 Sectors accredited by NABET S. No. Sectors Name 1. Mining of minerals (Opencast only) Mining (Open cast and Underground) 2. Offshore Oil and gas exploration, development & productions 3. Irrigation projects only 4. Thermal Power Plant 5. Mineral Beneficiation 6. Metallurgical industries (sec. ferrous only) 7. Petroleum refining industry 8. Leather/skin/hide processing industry 9. Chemical Fertilizers 10. Petro‐chemical Complexes 11. Synthetic organic chemicals industry 12. Distilleries 13. Sugar Industry 14. Oil & gas transportation pipeline 15. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals 16. Airports 17. Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ Areas, export processing zones(EPZs), Special economic zones (SEZs), Biotech parks, Leather complexes 18. Ports, harbours, jetties, marine terminals, break waters and dredging 19. Highways, Railways, transport terminals, mass rapid transport systems 20. Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) 21. Common municipal solid waste management facility (CMSWMF) 22. Building and large construction projects including shopping malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions 23. Townships and Area development Projects
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12.5 Study Team ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited has carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact Assessment, Air & Water pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology & bio‐diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio‐Economic planner. The team members involved in EIA study area: S. No. Name Role EIA coordinator& FAE– Water Pollution, 1. Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan Prevention & Control and Hydrogeology 2. Mr. J. Shrinivasa Rao FAE– Land use FAE – Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling & 3. Mrs. K. Vijayalakshmi Prediction, Noise & Vibration and Risks and Hazards FAE – Air Pollution Prevention & Control , 4. Dr. Muthiah Mariappan Solid Waste Management 5. Dr. N. Sukumaran FAE – Ecology & Biodiversity
6. Mr. Sameer Deshpande FAE ‐ Soil Conservation 7. Mr. Sushil U. Meshram FAE – Socio‐Economic Expert 8. Mr. R. Rajendran Team Member – AQ, SHW 9. Mrs. Supriya P. Bellad Team Member – WP, SHW 10. Mrs. Komal B Team Member 11. Mr. Vikas S Rajput Team Member 12. Mr. Robson Chinnadurai Senior Chemist – Environmental Monitoring
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