DOCSLIB.ORG

UPN Alm.Del - Bilag 92 Offentligt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UPN Alm.Del - Bilag 92 Offentligt Det Udenrigspolitiske Nævn 2019-20 UPN Alm.del - Bilag 92 Offentligt Bilag 1: Rapporter forelagt FN’s Menneskerettighedsråd i perioden 2015-2019 (HRC31-42) Rapporter forelagt i 2019 (HRC40-42) Rapportnummer Titel A/HRC/42/1 Agenda and annotations A/HRC/42/1/Corr.1 Corrigendum A/HRC/42/2 Report of the Human Rights Council on its forty-second session A/HRC/42/3 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Norway A/HRC/42/3/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/3/Add.1/Annex.1 Annex A/HRC/42/4 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Albania A/HRC/42/4/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/5 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Democratic Republic of the Congo A/HRC/42/5/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/6 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Côte d'Ivoire A/HRC/42/6/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/7 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Portugal A/HRC/42/7/Add.1 Addendum - Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by Portugal A/HRC/42/8 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Bhutan A/HRC/42/8/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/9 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Dominica A/HRC/42/9/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/10 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Democratic People's republic of Korea A/HRC/42/10/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/11 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Brunei Darussalam A/HRC/42/11/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/12 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Costa Rica A/HRC/42/12/Add.1 Addendum to the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Costa Rica A/HRC/42/13 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Equatorial Guinea A/HRC/42/13/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/14 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Ethiopia A/HRC/42/14/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/15 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Qatar A/HRC/42/15/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/16 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review - Nicaragua A/HRC/42/16/Add.1 Addendum A/HRC/42/17 Situation of human rights in Yemen, including violations and abuses since September 2014 - Report of the Group of Eminent International and Regional Experts as submitted to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/18 Situation of human rights in Nicaragua - Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/19 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the rights of indigenous peoples A/HRC/42/20 Human rights in the administration of justice - Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/21 Impact of civilian acquisition, possession and use of firearms on civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights - Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/22 Local government and human rights - Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/23 Draft plan of action for the fourth phase (2020–2024) of the World Programme for Human Rights Education - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/24 Expert meeting to discuss good practices, gaps and challenges in the application of a human rights-based approach to the implementation of policies and programmes to reduce preventable maternal mortality and morbidity in humanitarian settings - Summary report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/25 High-level panel discussion on the question of the death penalty - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/26 Summary of the panel discussion on women’s rights and climate change: climate action, good practices and lessons learned - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/27 Intersessional high-level panel discussion on the incompatibility between democracy and racism: identifying challenges and good practices - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/28 Capital punishment and the implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty - Yearly supplement of the Secretary-General to his quinquennial report on capital punishment A/HRC/42/29 Right to development - Report of the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/30 Cooperation with the United Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human rights - Report of the Secretary-General A/HRC/42/31 Role and achievements of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in assisting the Government and people of Cambodia in the promotion and protection of human rights - Report of the Secretary-General A/HRC/42/32 Human rights situation and the activities of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/33 Implementation of technical assistance and capacity building for Yemen in the field of human rights - Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights A/HRC/42/34 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on cooperation with Georgia A/HRC/42/35 Report of the Working Group on the Right to Development on its twentieth session (Geneva, 29 April to 3 May 2019) A/HRC/42/35/Corr.1 Report of the Working Group on the Right to Development on its twentieth session (Geneva, 29 April to 3 May 2019) - Corrigendum A/HRC/42/36 Progress report of the open-ended intergovernmental working group to elaborate the content of an international regulatory framework, without prejudging the nature thereof, to protect human rights and ensure accountability for violations and abuses relating to the activities of private military and security companies on its first session A/HRC/42/37 Rights of indigenous peoples - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples A/HRC/42/37/Add.1 Visit to Ecuador - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples A/HRC/42/37/Add.2 Visit to Timor-Leste - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples A/HRC/42/38 Right to development - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to development A/HRC/42/38/Add.1 Visit to Cabo Verde - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to development A/HRC/42/39 Arbitrary detention - Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention A/HRC/42/39/Add.1 Visit to Bhutan - Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention A/HRC/42/40 Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances - Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances A/HRC/42/40/Add.1 Follow-up on the visits of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances to Peru and Sri Lanka - Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances A/HRC/42/40/Add.2 Visit to Ukraine - Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances A/HRC/42/40/Add.3 Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances on its visit to Ukraine - Comments by the State A/HRC/42/41 Principles on human rights and the protection of workers from exposure to toxic substances - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the implications for human rights of the environmentally sound management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes A/HRC/42/42 Relationship between private military and security companies and the extractive industry from a human rights perspective - Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self- determination A/HRC/42/42/Add.1 Visit to Chad - Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination A/HRC/42/42/Add.2 Visit to Austria - Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination A/HRC/42/42/Add.3 Report of the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and preventing the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination on its visit to Tchad - Note by the State A/HRC/42/43 Enjoyment of all human rights by older persons - Report of the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons A/HRC/42/43/Add.1 Visit to Uruguay - Report of the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons A/HRC/42/43/Add.2 Visit to Mozambique - Report of the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons A/HRC/42/44 Current and emerging forms of slavery - Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences A/HRC/42/44/Add.1 Visit to Italy - Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences A/HRC/42/44/Add.2 Report of the Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences on her visit to Italy - Comments by the State A/HRC/42/45 Promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence A/HRC/42/46 Negative impact of unilateral coercive
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gus Dur, As the President Is Usually Called
    Indonesia Briefing Jakarta/Brussels, 21 February 2001 INDONESIA'S PRESIDENTIAL CRISIS The Abdurrahman Wahid presidency was dealt a devastating blow by the Indonesian parliament (DPR) on 1 February 2001 when it voted 393 to 4 to begin proceedings that could end with the impeachment of the president.1 This followed the walk-out of 48 members of Abdurrahman's own National Awakening Party (PKB). Under Indonesia's presidential system, a parliamentary 'no-confidence' motion cannot bring down the government but the recent vote has begun a drawn-out process that could lead to the convening of a Special Session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) - the body that has the constitutional authority both to elect the president and withdraw the presidential mandate. The most fundamental source of the president's political vulnerability arises from the fact that his party, PKB, won only 13 per cent of the votes in the 1999 national election and holds only 51 seats in the 500-member DPR and 58 in the 695-member MPR. The PKB is based on the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), a traditionalist Muslim organisation that had previously been led by Gus Dur, as the president is usually called. Although the NU's membership is estimated at more than 30 million, the PKB's support is drawn mainly from the rural parts of Java, especially East Java, where it was the leading party in the general election. Gus Dur's election as president occurred in somewhat fortuitous circumstances. The front-runner in the presidential race was Megawati Soekarnoputri, whose secular- nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) won 34 per cent of the votes in the general election.
    [Show full text]
  • Confrontingcomplexity
    106TH ANNUAL MEETING FINAL PROGRAM Confronting Complexity March 28-31, 2012 The Fairmont Washington, D.C. SIL is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, educational membership organization founded in 1906 and chartered by Congress in 1950. The mission of the American Society of International Law is to foster the study of international Alaw and to promote the establishment and maintenance of international relations on the basis of law and justice. ASIL holds Category II Consultative Status to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and is a constituent society of the American Council of Learned Societies. The Society’s 4,000 members from more than 100 nations include attorneys, academics, corporate counsel, judges, representatives of governments and nongovernmental organizations, international civil servants, students and others interested in international law. Through our meetings, publications, information services and outreach programs, ASIL advances international law scholarship and education for international law professionals as well as for broader policy-making audiences and the public. 2223 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20008 Phone +1 202-939-6000 Fax +1 202-797-7133 www.asil.org ©2012 ASIL Annual Meeting Dear Colleague, Contemporary reality is confoundingly complex: it is marked by rapidly evolving technologies, increasing global interconnectedness, rising population, and deepening understanding of science and the environment. New international actors; changes in social, economic, and political dynamics; a multipolar power structure; and novel security threats only add to the complexity. Amidst this confusion, international law can be a source of order and clarity. It can provide frameworks to peacefully resolve disputes, regulate relations between diff erent actors, and clarify rights and obligations.
    [Show full text]
  • Norwegian Nobel Committee, the Norwegian Nobel Institute NO-0255 Oslo, Norway
    Norwegian Nobel Committee, The Norwegian Nobel Institute NO-0255 Oslo, Norway 12 Sept 2018 Dear Members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, 9 December 2018 will mark the 20th anniversary of the UN’s Declaration on Human Rights Defenders (HRDs) 1. It is an ideal and opportune moment to recognise and celebrate the efforts of these extraordinary individuals who despite threats of violence and unlawful imprisonment, harassment, intimidation, torture and assassination, continue to peacefully challenge injustice and call for the implementation and strengthening of the rule of law. Since 1998, over 3000 human rights defenders have been killed for defending the fundamental values enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN. In recognising the increasingly hostile environments globally, in which human rights defenders must work, the late Former Secretary-General to the United Nations, Kofi Annan, recently said: “To stand up for human rights requires courage, perseverance, vigilance and a strong foundation of knowledge and evidence. We need to be vigilant in the protection of human rights defenders, for when the defenders’ rights are violated, all our rights are injured.” 2 In the same vein and emphasising the critical role that human rights defenders play in promoting and fostering stable democracies and sustainable peace, Permanent Representative of Norway to the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Ambassador Steffen Kongstad said: “Threats and attacks against human rights defenders may hamper the realisation of economic, social and cultural rights, undermining social cohesion, and ultimately stability and development.” 3 Despite this recognition and respect at the highest levels of the international community, human rights defenders are killed every day.
    [Show full text]
  • Chair of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (Ms
    GA65 Third Committee Subject to change – Status as of 8 October 2010 Special procedure mandate-holders, Chairs of human rights treaty bodies or Chairs of Working Groups presenting reports Monday, 11 October (am) Chair of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (Ms. Xiaoqiau ZOU, Vice-Chair, on behalf of Ms. Naela GABR, Chair of CEDAW) – oral report and interactive dialogue. Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Ms. Rashida MANJOO – oral report Wednesday, 13 October (pm) Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children, Ms. Marta SANTOS PAIS. Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, Ms. Yanghee LEE - oral report. Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Ms. Najat M’jid MAALLA Monday, 18 October (am) Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedom of indigenous people, Mr. James ANAYA Tuesday, 19 October (am) Chair of the Committee against Torture, Mr. Claudio GROSSMAN – oral report and interactive dialogue. Chair of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, Mr. Victor Manuel RODRIGUEZ RESCIA – oral report and interactive dialogue. Wednesday, 20 October (pm) Independent Expert on minority issues, Ms. Gay McDOUGALL. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Mr. Tomas Ojea QUINTANA. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Mr. Richard FALK. Thursday, 21 October (am) Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Mr. Olivier DE SCHUTTER. Independent expert on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of States on the full enjoyment of human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Facilitating Peaceful Protests
    ACADEMY BRIEFING No. 5 Facilitating Peaceful Protests January 2014 Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Geneva Académie de droit international humanitaire et de droits humains à Genève Academ The Academy, a joint centre of ISBN: 978-2-9700866-3-5 © Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, January 2014. Acknowledgements This Academy Briefing was written by Milena Costas Trascasas, Research Fellow, and Stuart Casey-Maslen, Head of Research, at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (Geneva Academy). The Academy would like to thank all those who commented on an earlier draft of this briefing, in particular Anja Bienart and Brian Wood of Amnesty International, and Neil Corney of Omega Research Foundation. The Geneva Academy would also like to thank the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAE) for its support to the Academy’s work on facilitating peaceful protests, especially the Human Security Division for its funding of the publication of this Briefing. Editing, design, and layout by Plain Sense, Geneva. Disclaimer This Academy Briefing is the work of the authors. The views expressed in it do not necessarily reflect those of the project’s supporters or of anyone who provided input to, or commented on, a draft of this Briefing. The designation of states or territories does not imply any judgement by the Geneva Academy, the DFAE, or any other body or individual, regarding the legal status of such states or territories, or their authorities and institutions, or the delimitation of their boundaries, or the status of any states or territories that border them.
    [Show full text]
  • Holding Corporations to Account for Land and Human Rights Violations
    Making a Killing Holding corporations to account for land and human rights violations Making a Killing: Holding corporations to account for land and human rights violations is published by Trócaire as part of its programme of Policy, Research and Advocacy Acknowledgements: A sincere thank you to all Trócaire partners and human rights defenders who shared their experiences, insights and analysis for this report. Trócaire would like to thank the external and internal reviewers for their valuable inputs on the paper. FRONT COVER: Women from San Pedro Ayampuc & San Jose del Golfo, La Puya, resisting the El Tambor gold mine. Photo: Daniele Volpe. Making a Killing: Holding corporations to account for land and human rights violations | 1 CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 03 Executive Summary 04 Chapters 1. Why a focus on corporate accountability? 07 2. Communities at the frontline 13 3. Corporations: the accountability challenge 29 4. The way forward: legislative and policy opportunities 35 5. Recommendations: action on accountability 45 2 | Making a Killing: Holding corporations to account for land and human rights violations LIST OF ACRONYMS CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CESCR UN Committee on Economic and Social and Cultural Rights CETIM Europe-Third World Centre CFS Committee on World Food Security CIDSE Coopération Internationals Pour le Développement et la Solidarité CRC UN Committee on the Rights of the Child CSW Commission on the Status of Women ENNHRI European Network of National Human Rights Institutions
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Special Procedures
    Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights The Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council are independent JUNE especially women and children in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea human rights experts with mandates to report and advise on Ms. Maria Grazia Giammarinaro Mr. Marzuki Darusman human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective. English, French English The system of Special Procedures is a central element of the [email protected] [email protected] United Nations human rights machinery and covers all rights: civil, cultural, economic, political, and social. As of 1 April 2015, there are Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights 55 Special Procedures (41 thematic mandates and 14 mandates 2015 reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence in Eritrea relating to countries or territories) with currently 77 mandate-holders. Mr. Pablo de Greiff Ms. Sheila B. Keetharuth English, Spanish English, French With the support of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner [email protected] [email protected] for Human Rights (OHCHR), Special Procedures undertake country visits; act on individual cases and concerns of a broader, structural nature by sending communications to States in which they bring Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of Independent Expert on the situation of human rights unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of in Haiti alleged violations to their attention; conduct thematic studies and human rights convene expert consultations, develop international human rights Mr. Gustavo Gallón Mr. Idriss Jazairy standards, engage in advocacy, raise public awareness; and provide English, French, Spanish English, French, Arabic advice and support for technical cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Procedure Mandate-Holders Presenting to the Third Committee
    GA66 Third Committee Subject to change – Status as of 7 October 2011 Special procedure mandate-holders, Chairs of human rights treaty bodies or Chairs of Working Groups presenting reports Monday, 10 October (am) • Chair of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Ms. Silvia Pimentel – oral report and interactive dialogue. • Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Ms. Rashida MANJOO report and interactive dialogue. Wednesday, 12 October (pm) • Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, Mr. Jean Zermatten, – oral report. • Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children, Ms. Marta SANTOS PAIS. • Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Ms. Najat M’jid MAALLA. Monday, 17 October (am) • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Mr. James ANAYA. Tuesday, 18 October (am) • Chair of the Committee against Torture, Mr. Claudio GROSSMAN – oral report and interactive dialogue. • Chair of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, Mr. Malcolm David Evans – oral report and interactive dialogue. • Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of punishment, Mr. Juan MENDEZ Wednesday, 19 October (pm) • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, Mr. Ahmed SHAHEED. • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Mr. Tomas Ojea QUINTANA. • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mr. Marzuki DARUSMAN. Thursday, 20 October (am) • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association, Maina Kiai*
    United Nations A/HRC/26/29 General Assembly Distr.: General 14 April 2014 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-sixth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Maina Kiai* Summary The present thematic report is submitted to the Human Rights Council pursuant to Council resolutions 15/21 and 24/5. In sections I and II of the report, the Special Rapporteur provides an overview of the activities he carried out between 1 March 2013 and 28 February 2014. In section III, he assesses the threats to the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association for groups most at risk. The Special Rapporteur outlines his conclusions and recommendations in section IV. * Late submission. GE.14-13475 A/HRC/26/29 Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–2 3 II. Activities ................................................................................................................ 3–6 3 A. Communications ............................................................................................. 3 3 B. Country visits .................................................................................................. 4 3 C. Participation in various events .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia
    INDONESIA’S TRANSFORMATION and the Stability of Southeast Asia Angel Rabasa • Peter Chalk Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ProjectR AIR FORCE The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rabasa, Angel. Indonesia’s transformation and the stability of Southeast Asia / Angel Rabasa, Peter Chalk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1344.” ISBN 0-8330-3006-X 1. National security—Indonesia. 2. Indonesia—Strategic aspects. 3. Indonesia— Politics and government—1998– 4. Asia, Southeastern—Strategic aspects. 5. National security—Asia, Southeastern. I. Chalk, Peter. II. Title. UA853.I5 R33 2001 959.804—dc21 2001031904 Cover Photograph: Moslem Indonesians shout “Allahu Akbar” (God is Great) as they demonstrate in front of the National Commission of Human Rights in Jakarta, 10 January 2000. Courtesy of AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE (AFP) PHOTO/Dimas. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover design by Maritta Tapanainen © Copyright 2001 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying,
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Human Rights Defenders a Global Crisis
    PoliCY BriEf EnvironmEntal Human rigHts DEfEnDErs A global crisis John H. Knox february 2017 PrEFACE Environmental human rights defenders (EHrDs) are in the past, human rights organisations may have seen individuals and groups who ‘strive to protect and promote environmental advocates as primarily focused on issues human rights relating to the environment.’1 they come that fall outside their mandate; and environmental from many different backgrounds and work in different organisations, while often cognisant of the threats faced ways. some are lawyers or journalists, but many are by EHrDs, have historically been less aware of the ‘ordinary people living in remote villages, forests or relevance of human rights law and institutions. mountains, who may not even be aware that they are acting as environmental human rights defenders.’2 in in recent years, a number of civil society organisations many cases, they are representatives of indigenous and un experts have taken steps to reverse this neglect peoples and traditional communities whose lands and and shine an increasingly bright light on the situation of ways of life are threatened by large projects such as EHrDs. global Witness and other ngos, together with dams, logging, mining or oil extraction. the un special rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, have begun to map and describe this What they all have in common is that they work to protect global crisis. in this report, we draw on and supplement the environment on which a vast range of human rights their work, with the aim of further increasing attention depend. We cannot fully enjoy our rights, including to the problem and identifying possible solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Dafna Dror-Shpoliansky and Yuval Shany ABSTRACT: 'The Same
    DRAFT: Do not copy, cite, or distribute without permission of the authors IT'S THE END OF THE (OFFLINE) WORLD AS WE KNOW IT: FROM HUMAN RIGHTS TO DIGITAL HUMAN RIGHTS – A PROPOSED TYPOLOGY Dafna Dror-Shpoliansky and Yuval Shany ABSTRACT: 'The same rights that people have offline must also be protected online' is used as a prevailing concept in international fora in recent years. But does this "normative equivalency" between 'offline' and 'online' afford fully effective protection for the rights of online users? This is the question at the heart of this Article. We first review the development of human rights in cyberspace as conceptualized in international fora, and critically evaluate the normative equivalency paradigm adopted by international bodies for the application of human rights online. In the latter part of this Article, we attempt to describe the contours of a new digital human rights framework, which goes beyond the normative equivalency paradigm. We propose such a framework should be conceptualized as built upon existing human rights norms, but containing additional protections corresponding to unique features and challenges of actors and activity in cyberspace. After laying down the normative justifications, for recognizing new digital human rights, we offer a typology of three generations in the evolution of digital human rights. I. INTRODUCTION The Cambridge Analytica incident,1 and other high profile incidents2 involving harmful online practices, such as online hate speech,3 propagation of ‘fake news’,4 intrusive 1Rob Price, The UK's privacy watchdog has fined Facebook £500,000 — the maximum amount — over Cambridge Analytica, BUSINESS INSIDER (Jul.
    [Show full text]