Volume XXXV No. 7 July 1980 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAnOH OF MVHSH RBWm Bl OEAT BRITAm

Margot Pottlitzer it was not to be. According to the Gillmans, there were 55,000 refugees from Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia in Britain in September 1939. Up to then they had been treated with generosity and THE 1940 ^INTERNMENT POLICY compassion. (Lafitfe gives fhe number, probably more accurately, as 70,000 of whom 5,000 re- A Tale of Muddle and Confiasion emigrated by April 1940). What happened after war broke out, is well-known and well-remem­ bered. Tribunals were set up which more or less If, in 1967, the Public Records Office had not disclosure would embarrass individuals or their arbitrarily subdivided aliens in A, B, and C reduced the period, after which ofBcial documents descendants, or would be contrary to the public categories; depending on the knowledge of the become available for inspection, from 50 to 30 interest. The Gillmans foimd tbat, as far as in­ tribunal members, the criteria varied from one years, most of us would probably not live to ternment was concerned, this broad definition had district to the next, and a "B" often denoted no learn what really happened during those crucial been most generously applied. The Public Record more than the fact that a particular refugee lived years at the beginning of the war, when our fate Office therefore contains virtually no Home Office and worked in a particular place where everybody depended on political decisions taken by the documents on intenmient. After strenuous efforts got a "B". At first this did not seem to matter authorities in fhis country. Fortunately, the period and assisted by a helpful ofiicial, they were given very much, except for the unfortunate "A" cases, has been reduced, and anybody who wants to find access fo a number of documents which had never equally arbitrarily selected who were at once out about the events of those days, can now do before been inspected, but even so, none of them intemed. An "A" classification was meant to de­ So, Researchers at all levels have eagerly seized referred to the period between Sepfember 1939 note really dangerous aliens, liable to work and 'he oppKjrtunity. Some books recently published and June 1940 when the things they wanted to spy for the Germans. In the event, they included have revealed quite a lot of startling discoveries investigate, actually happened. To make up for a considerable number of Jews. about fhe policies of various British govemments this vital gap, the Gillmans had to cast their nets which affected Jews in general and refugees in wide. They consulted the national archives of the particular, Jon Kimche, the well-known writer United States, of Canada, and of Australia, the Anderson wrongly blamed and journalist, recently issued a warning that one files of the less secretive ministries in this The Home Office had devised policies and laid should not forget the difficulties Britain faced in country, and they interviewed as many surviving preparations for intemment even before war the Thirties and in the early days of the Second intemees as they could get hold of. They un­ broke out. On the day war was declared. Sir John World War, that some accusations hurled at her covered a story of inter-departmental wrangling Anderson became Home Secretary. When intem­ policies have to be considered in this context, and and of a wide-spread and appalling ignorance of ment reached its summit, it was he whom most that, moreover, most of them are based on the even the most basic facts, of much deep-rooted intemees and anti-internment politicians held re­ same, rather narrow, source material. prejudice and a lack of compassion that is truly sponsible for everything that went wrong. The However, there is one aspect of such policies frightening. Gillmans show fhat he was obviously greatly which concerned most of us in one way or Their book also reveals how little we—or, for wronged. (An anti-internment pamphlet of the another—either as a fact or as a continuing threat that, the general public—knew of what was really time bore the title "Anderson's Prisoners".) When •~and which has only in the last few months been going on and wbat might have happened, if, at he took office, it was agreed that the Home Office •nore thoroughly investigated with shattering re­ one time or another, the war had taken a different should decide who was to be intemed, and the sults: the Intemment of Aliens in 1939/40. In furn. There are few among us former refugees War Oifice should provide the camps and the 1940, Francis Lafitte, a young researcher who had who, when they first came to Britain, did not guards. It was here that the never-ending inter­ himself helped many refugees, wrote a book gratefully recognise unexpected acts of kindness departmental wrangle and the confusion started, which is sfill the standard work on the subject and generosity at all levels of the population, but with quite a few ad hoc committees and MIS "The Internment of Aliens", published as a Pen- who were not, at the same time, sometimes infiuencing future developments, and eventually 6uin Special in November 1940. Nearly all the shocked at the ignorance and lack of the most nobody in possession of all the relevant facts and 50,000 copies, at 6d. (2ip) a time, were almost basic understanding of our particular predicament data. unmediately snapped up. He strongly attacked and our reasons for coming to this country, often However, in September 1939, Viscount Cobham the internment policies, stressing the benefits many by the same people. of fhe War Office informed Parliament that the °i the eminent and also of the less eminent Before the outbreak of war, there was a general Govemment did not want to indulge in mass in­ refugees had brought to their coimtry of refuge consensus among the authorities and people in temment, and that only between 1,000 and 1,500 and cited examples of shocking, and in a ntmiber general, fhat, in case of war, the mistakes of the aliens were to be interned. Sir John Anderson °f cases fatal, ofiicial callousness. Yet, at the First World War should not be repeated. In that declared himself in favour of a liberal intemment time he was only able to judge the practice and war, anti-German feeling had reached such heights policy, but he had apprehensions. In March, 1940, effects of official action, and only now, 40 years that a close relative of the Royal family, the already, he wrote in a letter to his father: "The later, has it become possible to study ifs political father of Lord Moimtbatten, then still Battenberg, newspapers are working up feelings about aliens. hackground. had to resign public office, that German shops I shall have to do something about it or we may be stampeded into an unnecessary oppressive pol­ Peter Gillman, a member of the Sunday Times were attacked and closed down and even dachs­ icy. It is very easy in wartime to start a stunt." 'Insight" team and his wife Leni have done just hunds were stoned because of their German con­ Nevertheless, his liberal policy was allowed to ^hat and unearthed an undreamt-of wealth of new notation. Then, more than 20,000 aliens were continue for another few weeks. 'nformation.* It was no easy job: an unpleasant interned in the Isle of Man; they included, apart surprise awaited them at the start of their re­ from Germans, Turks and Bulgarians, tribesmen The invasion of Belgium and Holland and the search at the Public Record Office. In 1969, the from the Gennan Cameroons. When they held a arrival of thousands of vastly unprepared official Government had decided that, as an act of con­ protest demonstration against overcrowding of and civilian refugees from these countries was to venience fo historians, all records of the Second their billets, five intemees were shot by their confirm his fears. Among the early arrivals from World War should be released by 1972. There was military guard. When that war ended, there was Holland was Sir Neville Bland, British Minister One proviso: The Lord Chancellor or individual general agreement that such nonsensical and, on to the Dutch Govemment. He started the Fifth •iiinisfers can still prevent access to documents for top of it, costly measures must not be repeated in Colunm scare which was to be disastrous, in a * number of reasons such as a presumption that any circimistances. 1,000 word report, written immediately after his In 1939, when another war threatened, govem­ arrival in Britain for the Foreign Secretary, Lord Peter and Leni Gillman, Collar the LotI How Brilain ment spokesmen hastened to stress that they Halifax. In it he maintained that the fall of 'nterned and expelled Its wartime refugees. Quartet Books, London. Melbourne, New Yoik 1980, 334 pp. £8,95. . wished to avoid their predecessors' mistakes. Alas, Continued at column 1, page 2 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION July 1980

owners and waiters, many of whom had been ships had been sent fo Canada, but despite some INTERNMENT 1940 living in Britain for more than thirty years, but theoretical instructions from various authorities, Continued from page I never bothered to take out British nationality. the selection was invariably totally fortuitous. Holland was due to the fact that fhe country had Many had married British wives and had British Neither the names nor the numbers of those been swamped with invisible traitors and con­ children, and had no longer any links with their deported were available anywhere, AH official quered by parachutists. According to this Old homeland, statements seemed fo be pure guess-work, or Etonian and classical scholar who had little Robert Mark, later Chief Commissioner of fhe deliberate lies and attempts to conceal unpalatable knowledge of the real world, the culprit who had Metropolitan Police in London, was a young con­ tmths. However, this was bound to transpire, and betrayed Holland, "was to be found below stable in Manchester at the time. He was sent to once more it was one single document which stairs , . . the paltriest kitchenmaid", he wrote, arrest an Italian, Ernani Landucci who had been eventually led to a total reversal of the policies "not only can be, but generally is, a menace to a waiter at a Manchester hotel for over 30 years employed: a young soldier. Merlin Scott, who bad the safety of the country" and concluded "Every and had a British wife and British-bom daughter. guarded Italian survivors of the "Arandora Star . German or Austrian servant, however superficially In his autobiography, and in a television inter­ was so appalled by the treatment meted out to charming and devoted, is a real and grave men­ view, Mark said this event had been one of the men who not only had suffered terribly, but whom ace. . . , When the signal is given, there will be most formative of his career, Landucci had struck he judged to be too valuable to send away, that satellites of the monster all over the coimtry who him not as an enemy of the country, but as a he described if at great length in a letter to his will at once embark on widespread sabotage and simple, decent and very frightened Italian waiter father, an assistant under-secretary at the Foreign attacks on civilians and the military. . . . ALL who had shared a drink with him cursing the Office. The effect was explosive. It tumed out that Germans and Austrians, at least, ought to be Fascists, He had seen equally unfair treatment of nobody in the Refugee or Prisoners of War Sec­ intemed at once." German and Austrian refugees. tion of the Foreign Office knew that survivors Bland's report was taken very seriously, it vras By then, mass hysteria was as high as duiing from the "Arandora Star" were again being at once submitted to Churchill, by then Prime fhe First World War. Internment became indis­ deported. Minister, all government departments and em­ criminate, German civilian internees, captured Once more, interdepartmental investigations bassies abroad and given to the recently set up merchant-seamen, and Jewish refugees were started. Eventually, the matter came before Parlia' Ministry of Information for general distribution. thrown together. More and more, camp com­ ment, and after an extensive debate, the manage­ On 30 May, Bland repeated his accusations in a manders were surprised to find fhat their charges ment of fhe camps was transferred back to the BBC broadcast, saying that all German nationals were mostly strong enemies of the Nazis, but their Home Office, and a detailed policy of release was should be immediately apprehended. It should be powers of action were limited. Churchill, who embarked upon. At the time, a total of 27,200 noted here that neither the Dutch government wanted to remove all problems interfering with men and women had been intemed, 7,350 deported officials who fled to Britain then, nor subsequent the conduct of the war, decided that all internees overseas and 650 drowned. It proved as difficult research have provided even a shred of evidence should be removed from the British Isles. His to effect the release of those still alive as it ha° for Bland's allegations, A captured German docu­ predecessor Neville Chamberlain, already mortally been fo round them up in the first place. ment revealed that, far from having to rely on ill, hastened to use his powers as overlord of the the military expertise of kitchenmaids, fhe Ger­ In this lengthy review, I have only been able t" "Home Office Defence (Security) Executive" to summarise very broadly the wealth of information man military attach^ af The Hague had personally execute Churchill's wishes. He approached the inspected Holland's defences, on the pretext of with which fhe Gillmans' book is packed. It has Dominions, persuaded Canada to accept 4,000 not been possible to mention some of the interest­ making a tour of the tulip fields, two days before internees and 3,000 Prisoners of War and in­ the invasion took place. CMher sources have shown ing personal stories of surviving intemees. Only 3 formed fhe Cabinet fhat these were the most few of them are refugees, and their stories are less that parachutists played only a very minor and dangerous of all. Australia showed herself eager far from successful part in the invasion. familiar than those of eminent people which have to accept any number of prisoners the Govem­ tumed up in one publication or another whenever However, fhe Bland report had done the frick. ment would care to send. On 21 June, the Cabinet internment is discussed. It is probably right that Govemment departments with shreds of inform­ leamed that the first liner would sail fhat night. a book of fhis kind, dealing with the policies ano ation and lots of mis-information and public On the same fateful day, the Home Office cap­ administration of intemment, should omit to re­ opinion swung round and the cry for intemment itulated almost unconditionally to the demand for peat descriptions of life in the various camp* grew stronger. Lord Vansittart, Chief Diplomatic mass internment. which have occasionally appeared in newspape'' Adviser to the Govenunent, joined the chorus: Tragedy followed rapidly. On the first boat, the articles and biographical notes. Against its dark all male and female aliens should be interned, as background, it should perhaps be mentioned, that the females were often the most dangerous ones. "Duchess of York", one man was shot and ten were wounded by military guards when there was many survivors—for special reasons more often Most of the "B" cases were intemed, and the "C" men than women—have retained a certain nostal' cases were fo follow in due course. The Home a delay in clearing the decks of prisoners. The incident was described in the press as a mutiny gic feeling for their days in camp. This is partly Oflice which still tried to stick to its liberal due to the great number of scholars and artists i" policies, had to give way. In the Isle of Man, quelled. On arrival in Canada, the same thing happened as had happened in many British both men's and women's camps who succeededi following the example of the First World War, against the odds, to create an artistic and Intel' camps were hastily prepared to take the bulk of camps: fhe guards were surprised to find genuine Nazis and refugees mixed together, but it took a lectual life which many intemees had not kno^*^ the intemees, but there was never enough room since before 1933. Others who had been doinS and many remained for long periods in unhealthy long time to sort fhis out. Worse followed—the "Arandora Star" tragedy. The liner, once a luxuri­ badly-paid and uncongenial work, felt relieved i" and vastly inadequate camps from Devon to a kind of no-man's land with no obligations. Fof Scotland. As the Gilhnans conclude: ous cmising liner, had been converted into an armed Prisoner-of-War ship with barbed wire this reason, they were sometimes reluctant when "The elaborate system of internment in con­ barricades. On its voyage to Canada, with 1,564 their time came to be released: once more they hao trolled phases, devised and protected so long by intemees and prisoners of war on board, she was to start afresh and face a world greatly change° fhe Home Office, lay in ruins; power now rested sunk by the last torpedo of the notorious U-boat during their months of absence. The story of tbis with a tiny body of men whose very existence U47, on its joumey home after sinking eight side of the intemment phenomenon remains to be was secret, whose members were not responsible written in a different context. Together witb to Parliament or even to Cabinet, among whom British ships, 470 Italians, 190 Germans, 42 crew members and 37 army guards were killed. Among Lafitte's book, "Collar fhe Lot" will remain the MI5 and the War Office were in clear ascend­ standard work of reference for future students oi ancy." the Italians was Ernani Landucci whom Robert fhe period. In addition, it is extremely wel'" On 10 June, Italy declared war on Britain. This Mark had arrested in Manchester. There was also Piero Salemi, an engineer who had invented a written and easy to read and should be boug" meant, that immediately, the fate of the 19,000 rather than borrowed, if only to appreciate •" Italians in Britain, like that of the refugees, was new transmission device and whose release had been eagerly sought by Beaverbrook's Ministry of ultimate conclusion: now practically in the hands of MI5. Their "Around the world, Britain's former internees equally tragic story has received less publicity Aircraft Production, The "Germans" included a number of Jewish and political refugees. came to terms with their new lives. Returning than that of the refugees from Central Europe, Germans had to adjust to a country divided a"" partly perhaps because there were not so many The survivors, who reached Britain, were almost ravaged by defeat. Deportees who had chosen highly articulate men and women among them. It all put on the "Dunera", a ship that was to to stay in Canada and Australia settled into was, however, just as cruel, and, as a matter of become the centre of a different tragedy. It was to their new countries. Internees who had regained fact, their inclusion into the internment net has take 2,550 men fo Australia, most of them only their freedom in Britain generally forgave the provided the book's title: Churchill, angry at recently intemed among the "C" category intake. British for what fhey saw as a moment of panic- Italy's behaviour and concentrating on the strat­ During their two months in transit, they were ill- few at any rate have remained bitter to this day^ egies of war, refused to listen to the carefully treated and robbed of their belongings by the The British govemment congratulated itself f^J worked out provisional plans for the intemment crew—the only ones not to be robbed being the admitting its mistake and did not point fo any of selected groups of Italians, and issued the terse "Arandora Star" survivors who had no posses­ larger lessons; the episode was a mere aber­ instruction "Collar the Lot". The "Lot" consisted sions left. ration," of a mimber of chefs of all the leading hotels and It became more and more clear that nobody in If the elegance of this summary does not mak^ restaurants in London, and small restaurant authority knew what was happening. Two more readers rush to buy the book, nothing will. AJR INFORMATION July 1980 Page 3 HOME NEWS ^ ^ANGLOJVDAICA AWARD FOR DR. F. A. MANN ROW OVER MAJOR HADDAD Centenary of Reform Synagogue The Birthday Honours List includes fhe award In the House of Lords, Lord Trefgame, speak­ The Bradford Synagogue (Reform), the third of a CBE to Dr. F, A, Mann for services to ing for the Government, said that Major Had- oldest Reform Commimity in the country, cel­ Intemational Law. Dr. Mann, who from 1929- dad's Christian militia in Southern Lebanon were ebrated the centenary of the opening of its 1933 was an Assistant at the Faculty of Law of hampering the UN Interim Force in Lebanon. Bowland Street synagogue. In 1873, the 50-strong Berlin University, is a solicitor of the Supreme Lord Janner said that Lebanon gave the PLO an congregation engaged Aeir first minister, 29-year- Court in London and an Hon. Professor of Law open field to commit atrocities against children old Rabbi Joseph Strauss from Germany who in the University of Bonn, An authority in the and babies in Israel, and that it was time to stop remained their spiritual leader for 49 years, and field of International Law, he has served on blaming Israel for pursuing those criminals into in April 1880, the oldest member, 80-year-old several Committees in this country as well as of Lebanon, which she was entitled to do by inter­ Jacob Uima, laid fhe foundation-stone for the the Council of Europe und has many publications national law. synagogue on land given by Mr. Bemard Cohen, on the subject to his credit. He is a Fellow of the In Dublin, a conference of the 11 nations whose a wealthy local merchant. The congregation British Academy and an Hon. Dr. jur. of Kiel contingents make up the UN Interim Force, largely centred on the families of Hamburg wool University, In 1977, he was awarded the Federal decided to mount a diplomatic campaign in order merchants who settled in Bradford and did much German Grand Cross of Merit, to force Israel to stop supporting Major Haddad to establish the city's wool trade. Between 1927 Dr, Mann has been associated with the AJR whose forces should be removed from Southem and 1940, membership of the congregation since its inception. During the war he was a Lebanon. reached a low ebb, but the influx of refugees brought an infusion of new life. To-day, the member of the panel of lawyers who voluntarily MEETINGS WITH ARAFAT held legal advice hours at ifs oflfice. When fhe Synagogue has about 100 members. At the cel­ After President Tito's funeral last month, both ebration dirmer at the city hall, the Lord Mayor Council of Jews from Germany was founded, he Mrs. Thatcher and Prince Philip met Yasir Arafat, became a member of ifs London Executive, where of Bradford said that the city owed a debt of the PLO leader, and shook hands with him, but grafitude to the Jewish community which, in ad­ his expert knowledge was of particular value spokesmen at Buckingham Palace and Downing when the questions of restitution and compen­ dition to its part in business life, had made a great Street were quick to point out that the meeting contribution to social and cultural institutions. sation were under discussion. He has retained his had been accidental and that only a few words of interest in our activifies fhroughout the years. courtesy were exchanged. We extend our sincerest congratulations to Dr. Britisb Ort's Centenary Banquet Mann on this further recognition of his achieve­ APOLOGY FOR PLO PROPAGANDA Nearly 400 guests attended the centenary ban­ ments. Sir David Hunt, chairman of the Common­ quet of British Ort at the Guildhall which was wealth Institute, who some years ago became addressed by Sir Keith Joseph, Secretary of State JEWISH M.4YOR FOR WESTMINSTER widely known as the brilliant winner of the for Industry, Mr. Chaim Herzog, Israel's former Councillor Donald Du Pare Braham was in­ Mastermind contest on BBC TV, has apologised UN representative, and Lord Goodman. Over stalled as the City of Westminster's third Jewish to the Board of Deputies over the behaviour of £150.000 was raised for the funds of British Ort. Lord Mayor. He is a senior partner of the May- the organisers of the Palestine Folklore Exhibition fair estate agents firm Edward Erdman, where he who distributed PLO leaflets in contravention of Jewish Library at City School started his career as a junior clerk in 1949. 52- the Institute's regulations. After a protest by the A Jewish library, the first in a major non- year-old Mr. Braham is a member of the board of Board of Deputies, the leaflets were removed from Jewish school, was opened in the City of London nianagement of Hampstead Synagogue of which display, but a sign was posted that they would be school which has a large eiu-ohnent of Jewish his grandfather, Mr. Charles Abrahams, was a available on request. A Commonwealth oflBcial pupils. It was the idea of the senior Jewish boy, founder. The synagogue's former minister, the explained that the exhibitors had refused to David Soim, which had the headmaster's backing, Rev. Dr, Isaac Levy will be his chaplain during accede to fhe request fhat, according to the mles, to make parents provide funds to purchase the his year of office. no political literature should be distributed on the books. premises. New Post for Rabbi Hugo Gryn THE JEWISH VOTE IN BRITAIN "COMPETING FOR LIBERTY" Rabbi Hugo Gryn, the senior rabbi of the West Dr. Geoffrey Alderman, lecturer in political At the House of Commons, members of the London Synagogue, was elected chairman of the science at the Royal Holloway College, said in a Union of Jewish Students and of the Student and Council of Refonn and Liberal Rabbis, He also public lecfure on "The Anglo-Jewish Vote" that Academic Campaign for Soviet Jewry, who are made a successful debut on Radio 4's "Any during the 1970s, there had been a relentless move running a "Competing for Freedom Campaign", Questions?" programme, to the right among Jewish voters, ending the once were present when Mr. Peter Blaker, Minister of high-level support for the Labour Party. The State af the Foreign OflSce, launched a travelling Ignaz Maybaum Scholarship statement was based on a survey Dr. Alderman exhibition on Soviet Jewry which will circulate Following the launching of Rabbi Dr. Ignaz had conducted among Jewish voters in Hackney, around campuses in this country and abroad. Maybaum's last book, "Happiness outside the Dford, and Hendon North. He added that, because CARL FLESCH 70 State", reported in our April issue, the council of of social and demographic changes within Anglo- We have only just heard fhat our friend Mr, the Edgware and District Reform Synagogue has Jewry, several Conservative MPs were now Carl Flesch celebrated his 70th birthday on set up a Rabbi Dr. Maybaum Scholarship Fund at "prisoners of Jewish voters", and that, if Jewish 23 June. He has been associated with the work for the Leo Baeck College. Any interested readers voters in Mrs. Thatcher's constituency of North his fellow refugees for many decades. As hono­ may obtain particulars from the Synagogue Sec­ Finchley were to change their minds, her 8»000- rary officer of Self Aid he takes a decisive part in retary, 118, Stonegrove, Edgware, Middlesex. vote majority at the last general election might fhe arrangements of its annual concerts, and he is disappear. also a member of the AJR Executive Committee, A generous Gift where his sound advice has always been of Dr. Immanuel Bierer, the well-known refugee MEETING OF CAMP SURVFVORS greatest value. When his career in the German Harley Street gynaecologist and life-long worker More than 450 survivors of concentration judiciary was cut short in 1933 and he was forced for Israel, offered his entire valuable art collection camps and their families attended the annual fo emigrate, he became an expert in the field of for a lucky draw in aid of the Ben Gurion dinner and ball of the Forty-Five Aid Society at insurance and finances and in this capacity gained University Foundation. Miss Maureen Lipman, the Bloomsbury Centre Hotel. Mr. Ben Helfgott, the confidence and trust of his numerous clients. the TV star, made the draw at the Hamilton one of them, and now chairman of the society, To keep the memory of his father, the famous Gallery, London, which gave each of the 250 spoke of the dilemma faced by all survivors: violinist, alive, he initiated the annual Carl Flesch guests an original painting. "why did we survive while our families per­ Competitions. By his alert mind and, last but not Woman President for Manchester ished?" He recalled the late Leonard Montefiore least, his sense of humour, he has endeared him­ who welcomed the young survivors on behalf of self to his fellow workers who wish him many Mrs, Hilda Cohen was elected president of the the CBF in 1945 and thanked the president, Mr. happy returns of fhe day in health and undimin­ Jewish Representative Council of Greater Man­ H. Oscar Joseph, for his devotion. The society ished vigour, chester, the first woman president in its 61 years presented £5,000 to the CBF and £2,000 to the of existence. Israeli Michao Society for deaf arid dumb chil­ Your House for— Old Age Home Deficit dren. The latter cheque was received by Mrs, FLOOR COVERINGS The Glasgow Jewish Old Age Home for Scotland Weizman, wife of the former Israeli Defence with 24 geriatric patients among ifs 47 residents, Minister who, after serving in the British Forces CURTAINS, CARPETS, faces a deficit of £100,000 in its £400,000 budget during the war had at the time taught some of the SPECIALITY for 1980 survivors who came to Britain. ENGLISH & CONTINENTAL DOWN QUILTS, DUVETS, CAMPS BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE DUVET COVERS & SHEETS 51 Belsize Square, London, N.W.3 INTERN MENT-P.O.W.- ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS FORCED LABOUR-KZ ESTIMATES FREE Our new communal hall is available for I wish to buy cards, envelopes and folded post­ DAWSON-LANE LIMITED cultural and social functions. For details marked ietteis from all camps of both world wars. (established 1946) Please send, registered mail, stating price, to: 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK apply to: Secretary, Synagogue Office. 14 Roselyn HIII, London, N.W.3 Telephone: 904 6671 TeU 01-794 3949 PETER C. RICKENBACK personal allentlon ol Mr. W. Shaekman Page 4 AJR INFORMATION July 1980

SWITZERLAND German Responsible for El Al attack NEWS FROM ABROAD The Swiss police have aimounced that they want to arrest 32-year-old Uwe Rabe from Berlin, UNITED STATES FRANCE said to be responsible for the attempted attack on Can for New Dialogue with Israel "Old Guard Defied" an El Al plane in Zurich. After the attempt, they Mr. Edgar Bronfman, the acting president of Under fhis heading the "Times" of 28 May arrested 26-year-old Andreas Raak from Berlin the World Jewish Congress, has advised setting up describes the tension between the French Jewish who had handed in a suitcase filled with dynamite a new body to open up a new dialogue between establishment, represented by the Chief Rabbi for the flight to Tel Aviv. It was discovered in Israel and fhe Diaspora, He said the Israeli Dr. Jacob Kaplan and members of the Rothschild time by Israeli security personnel. Raak main­ Government's refusal to i?cogiiise that its West family, and the organisation "Renouveau Juif", tained that Rabe had asked him to take the case Bank and new settlement policies was placing headed by 32-year-old Maitre Henri Hadjenberg, to Tel Aviv telling him that it contained diamonds diaspora Jews in an unbearable position, made In a broadcast on Radio Luxemburg, the Chief which he was to deliver in Israel for a handsome this necessary. He added: "I would like to defend Rabbi said that French Jews could demand of fee. If the case had not been discovered, Raak Israel's position whenever and wherever I can. But those for whom fhey voted certain guarantees, would have been among the victims of the ex­ I believe I speak for many when I say that I must, such as that fhe PLo should not receive the plosion timed to take p&ce after departure. to be effective, believe in those positions as well backing of the Government, but that beyond that as in the fundamentals of the Jewish Stafe." "each votes according to his conscience". On the FEWER EXIT PERMTTS FOR RUSSIAN JEWS other hand, at a mass demonstration "Twelve Owing to administrative restrictions, which are Jewish President for Moonies Hours for Israel", Maitre Hadjenberg called for the creation of a Jewish pressure group. Baron on the increase, the number of visas for Israel Forty-year-old Dr, Mose Durst, born a Jew in Guy de Rothschild wamed that such a policy issued by the Dutch Embassy in Moscow which Brooklyn and brought up in a moderately ortho­ would "cut off French Jewry from the French has been looking after Israel's interests since 1967, dox home, has been elected president of Sun nation", and described the group as a minority of has fallen by more than half. This reflects the Myung Moon's Unification Church, whose mem­ extremists. According to Hadjenberg, the quarrel sharply reduced number of exit permits granted bers are popularly known as "Moonies". The new is partly a conflict of generations. fo Jews applying for them. Special restrictions President, who, in 1962, was cultural director of have been placed on Jewish emigration from the small Hillel group at Oregon university and Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa, the whole of the Ukraine now lives in California, said: "I speak Yiddish. I New Sentence for Knesset Member and Moldavia, and most of Byelomssia and read the Torah in English and am interested in Polish-born Knesset member Mr. Flafto-Sharon, Tashkent, Emigration from Kiev has been re­ fulfilling and dedicating fhe Jewish ideal." Many was sentenced in absentia to five years' jail for duced from 900 a month in 1979 to 50 last April, of the young adherents of the cult are Jewish. fraud and a fine. Eight months ago, he received In Riga, 20 families were granted exit permits and an identical sentence in absentia on ofher charges advised to leave before June 5, as after fhat date of fraud, forgery and tax evasion. They stemmed ANNE FRANK CHURCH IN JAPAN emigration would stop for three months. Some from business activities between 1971 and 1973 2,000 Jewish families in Kiev protested collect­ A new church near the town of Osaka, which when he was a French citizen. In 1973, he went ively against fhe restrictions by sending more than has just been consecrated, is to be devoted to the to Israel where the authorities were studying an 20,000 complaints fo party and government memory of Anne Frank. A bronze statue of the extradition request when he was elected to the authorities, 15-year-old girl was placed outside the church. Knesset in 1977 and acquired Parliamentary im­ The minister. Father Reiji Gisuki of the Holy munity, Church of Jesus, is an old friend of Anne's father WARSAW SYNAGOGUE TO BE MUSEUM who lives in Basle, aged 90, Twenty members of a London study group paid AUSTRIA a visit to Poland after finishing their course of JEWISH WOMEN MEET IN ANTWERP The Ex-Nazi Vote lectures on the history of Jews in Poland. They President Kirchschlager of Austria was re­ attended the Shabbat service at fhe Warsaw Beth 246 representatives from 13 countries attended elected with 80 per cent of the vote. Jewish Hamidrash which was attended by 20 elderly men the fourth European Conference of the Inter­ authorities are, however, concerned over the and two women. The only pre-war synagogue not national Council of Jewish Women in Antwerp, 140,000 votes for Dr. Norbert Berger, fhe extreme destroyed by the Nazis is being renovated and under fhe theme "Identity and Integration", The right-wing candidate and chairman of the Na­ will be reopened as a museum. The visitors met British delegation of about 30 was headed by tional German Party. His support is supposed to fhe directorate of the Jewish Historical Institute Mrs, Ruth Winston-Fox, a vice-president of the have come from ex-Nazis and the extreme Right and visited the 200-year-old cemetery, the largest organisation. The greater involvement of Jewish of the Christian Democratic Party. Jewish cemetery in Europe and in urgent need of women in the community and in society at large repair. In Cracow, they visited the Remuh Syna­ was one of the topics discussed. A Letter to Chancellor Kreisky gogue, established in 1557 and the Historical B'nai B'rith Intemational sent an urgent letter Museum in the former 15th century Old HOLLAND SENDS BOOKS TO ISRAEL Synagogue, There are now 600 Jews in Cracow, to Chancellor Bmno Kreisky, imploring him to where 70,000 lived before thc war. Three of the A valuable collection of 600 manuscripts and reconsider his decision fo accord full recognition three-and-a-half million Jews living in Poland in 2,000 books from fhe famous Sephardi Library to fhe PLO. The letter said that there was no 1939 were murdered by the Nazis, Between 6,000 "El Chaim" in Amsterdam has been sent to Israel doubt about Kreisky's genuine desire to bring and 8,000 mainly elderly Jews live in Poland on loan to the Hebrew University for three years. about peace in the Middle East, but he started to-day. In view of the high value of the consignment, it from the wrong angle. To embrace fhe PLO and was transported to Israel under conditions of its leader Yasir Arafat, meant undermining all extreme secrecy. efforts for peace and encouraged terrorism by the PLO and other organisations trained by it. In an interview, published by fhe socialist Arbeiterzeitung in Vienna, the chairman of fhe German Social Democrats, Willy Brandt, said his party was trying to establish useful contacts with the PLO, but would never recognise if like fhe Austrians, because the Federal Republic would only recognise states, not organisations. No Sale of Arms to PLO The Austrian Govemment has categorically denied that Austrian arms manufacturers have been selling arms to the PLO. No licences had been issued for arms exports to Middle East countries. It was also stated fhat the PLO had enough Soviet arms, freely given, and did not need the relatively expensive Austrian weapons, Fights Rust AUSTRIAN HOME FOR SOVIET JEWS Newly developed. Zinc compounds The Vierma Jewish community is opening a are some of the finest rust inhibitors.The home for Soviet Jews who have decided to settle in Vienna, in order to establish contac's between synthetic resin base forms a tough skin, them and the local Jews which have so far been which seals the surface from moisture. non-existent. From all good hardware and accessory stores. Free literature Irom David's ISOPON, FREEPOST Northway House, London N20 9BR

With acknowledgement to the news service of the Jewish Chronicle, tiSH'JJ'f.'l AJR INFORMATION July 1980 Pages

VALLEY OF HOLOCAUST Dr. Arad, director of Yad Vashem, has an­ THE ISRAELI SCENE nounced that a valley of remembrance is to be ISRAEL'S ARMY POPULATION MOVEMENT created in Jerusalem by Yad Vashem, the Martyrs' Mr, Yigal Hurwitz, the Israeli Minister of Jerusalem's population has for the first time and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, as a perma­ Finance, has begun fo implement the Defence topped fhe 400,000 mark. There are 290,000 Jews, nent memorial to fhe 3,500 Jewish communities JJudget cuts which led to the resignation of De­ 100,000 Moslems, and 12,000 Christians living in destroyed in the Holocaust. Their names will be fence Minister Weizman, Israel's standing Army the city. Since the Six Day War in 1967, fhe carved into the rocks in a small valley near the numbers 165,000. Britain, with a population 15 population has grown by 52 per cent. The number Holocaust museum which will be landscaped to limes as large, has an Army only twice that size, of Jews has risen by 49 per cent, fhat of the resemble a map of Europe. The project is part of Israel has more tanks and aircraft than Britain, Arabs by 60 per cent. a master plan which includes a children's mem­ and Britain only spends twice as much on defence. According to an opinion poll, 4,9 per cent of orial park and the Holocaust art pavilion, One Israeli in four is in uniform, 24 per cent of Israelis over 18, almost 100,000 people, are plan­ ROMANIA REBUKED OVER PLO the male labour force work in security, and the ning to leave the country and settle elsewhere, The Israeli Foreign Ministry has asked Defence Ministry wage bill is £400 million, whilst Romania's Ambassador in Jerusalem to convey to the Government's civilian wages bill is about £500 SWASTIKAS AT TECHNION his govemment Israel's profound concern at its million. Without accounting for US military aid, Swastikas and "Death to the Jews" were found readiness to give diplomatic recognition to the Israel spends 15 per cent of its gross national daubed on fhe Haifa Technion building. There PLO. product on defence. have been frequent disputes between Jewish and SAUDI ARABIA HELPS PLO Arab students at nearby Haifa University. King Khalid of Saudi Arabia received Yasir BRmSH ISRAELI TRADE GROWING In Jerusalem, an Arab student was convicted of Arafat, leader of the PLO, in a private audience In 1979, British imports from Israel increased extinguishing a memorial fiame in a dormitory in and promised him total support for the fight of by 20 per cent to £228 million while exports rose fhe Hebrew University on Holocaust Memorial the Palestinians and assistance in Arafat's at­ by 11 per cent to £271 million, making Israel Day. He said he had only been seeking to save tempts to mediate between Iraq and Iran. Many Britain's third largest customer in the Middle energy during day-time. of Arafat's supporters work in Saudi Arabia. East. The Anglo-Israel Chamber of Commerce is BONN ENDOWS JERUSALEM CHAIR following with keen interest the Weizmann In­ SHATTERED DREAMS As a contribution towards the scientific co­ stitute's new interferon factory in Rehovot. Inter­ When Professor Elie Wiesel, chairman of Presi­ operation between Israel and the Federal German feron is one of the world's costliest drugs, show­ dent Carter's Commission on the Holocaust Republic the Bonn Govemment has endowed a ing promise in fighting cancer. received the Zalman Shazar prize for diaspora Chair for Mathematics at fhe Einstein Institute educationalists at President Navon's Jcru.salem of the Hebrew University. The donation amounts M.\YOR KOLLEK'S VISITORS residence, he said, the reality of Israel was a let­ to DM 750,000. Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusalem, received down, compared with the dreams of Israel he and Metropolitan Filaret, a senior official of fhe others had had in their childhood. President ORTHODOX TELEPHONES TAPPED Russian Orthodox Church who made a pilgrimage Navon replied that every lofty dream must change Four prominent rabbis of the ultra-orthodox to Jemsalem. Kollek refused, however, to meet when it is realised. "Making a dream real, can Eda Haredit sect have protested against the tap­ the US Transport Secretary Mr. Neil Gold­ often be more elevating than the dream itself." ping of their telephones which they say was done schmidt, who did not wish fo be guided by him Professor Wiesel was awarded the prize, named by another Orthodox community, the Belz Chas­ On a tour of East Jemsalem. For the same reason, after the late third president of Israel, for his sidim. They have now acquired anti-bugging Kollek refused last year to see Mr. Michael work in inculcating awareness of fhe Holocaust devices. Blumenfhal, then US Secretary of the Treasury, in the post-war generation and in drawing atten­ YESHIVA WEAPONS tion to the plight of Soviet Jews, Jerusalem police have arrested fwo national EX-SPY TEACHER REINSTATED service soldiers who stored arms, grenades, and SAMSON RAPHAEL HIRSCH HONOURED explosives in a dormitory at the Yeshiva Hakotel A former mathematics teacher at Kfar Saba, in the Old City. The material is believed to have Mr, Dan Vered, 35, was released from prison after At Israel's only orthodox university, the Bar- been stolen from an Army base, serving seven years of a fen-years jail sentence. He llan University at Ramat Gan, a Samson Raphael Was one of 30 people, including six Jews, fried in Hirsch Chair was inaugurated, named after the ELECTRIC BLANKETS PERMnTED 1973 for belonging fo a Syrian spy and sabotage 19th cenfury leader of German orthodoxy. It has Rabbi Ovadia Yossef, the Sephardi Chief sang. He denied that information he passed on to been endowed by Mr, and Mrs. Schwalbe of New Rabbi, has ruled that it is permitted to use an the Syrians was intended fo harm Israel's security. York, Mrs, Schwalbe is a great grand-daughter of electric blanket on Shabbat and that electronic The Israeli Education Ministry has rejected an the famous rabbi. The chair will incorporate a wrist-watches may also be worn, provided that application from the Chief of Staff, Lt, General study programme dealing with Hirsch's life and the wearers do not press any buttons to activate Eitan, to ban him from future teaching. teachings. elements on the dial.

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Come and see for yourself Old Oak — Service for cars - and people. Caxton Chocolate Co. MOTOR COMPANY Ltd. OLD OAKLIMITE D 79 WINDMILL.HU ENFIELD EN2 7AG 01-363-226I London N22 6UN Page 6 AJR INFORMATION July 1980 another member of the German Communist Party, whose life was saved in Buchenwald by the courage of a non-Jewish prisoner, alleges: "There JEWISH LIFE IN POST-WAR GERMANY had not been any pogroms in Germany for centuries until certain gentlemen had the idea to Two Views of New Book aryanise". Those who have studied Gennan his­ tory slightly more carefully know that the history of German Jewry is a history of persecutions and pogroms from the days of the Crusades fo the SrmNG ON PACKED TRUNKS? last anachronistic remnants from the period of the "Hep-Hep" pogroms after the so-called wars of often quoted German-Jewish symbiosis and does In 1933 about 600,000 Jews lived in Germany; liberation and the anti-Semitic movements of not believe in a future for the Jewish community at present there are less than 30,000 in the Federal Stocker and his friends—even if German history in Germany—having retumed to his native Ulm Republic and a much smaller number in the books remain silent on this aspect. Carlebach after the war. Arie Goral, incidentally one of the G.D.R. What is life like for them in a country declares his willingness with his comrades in the protogonists of the re-erection of the Heine where only a generation ago trainloads with "international working class movement to fight Monument in Hamburg, states "I am a Jew hundreds and thousands of Jews were rolling every against racism and chauvinism, here in the because of Auschwitz" and as a Jew in Germany day to the gas ovens in the East? When in 1978 country where I was born where I feel at home he does not want "fo forget or forgive anything". Wemer Nachmaim, President of the Central Coun­ and where I know to have friends." One hesitates "I live in Germany, but do not love it any longer. cil of Jews in Germany, gave a declaration white­ fo destroy the illusions of idealists like Carlebach In the house of the hangman one must not talk of washing Filbinger, then Prime Minister of Baden- and the Gingolds, but have they heard of the fact love". WUrttemberg and erstwhile Nazi legal officer, and fhat thousands of Jews are leaving fhe Soviet this declaration was widely regarded as a represent­ Peter Finkelgmen, born in the Shanghai Ghetto Union every year because they are persecuted as ative opinion of surviving German Jewry, two in 1942 as the son of a Jewish father and a Jews? Are the Carlebachs and Gingolds fighting Jews of the younger generation living in the Christian mother, records the history of an anti- against this racism as well? Federal Republic, Henryk M, Broder and Michel Nazi resistance youth group in Cologne, the so- called "Edelweiss-Piraten" which united Jews and For reasons of space this review cannot do R. Lang, decided to find out "what the Jews living justice to numerous other valuable contributions in Germany really think and feel, about what they non-Jews and thirteen of whom were publicly hanged by the SS. Finkelgruen and his friends in fo this work from Jewish inhabitants of the Fed­ worry, with what they can cope, and with what eral Republic of a wide variety of opinions, but they cannot cope". The result is an interesting Cologne are still fighting for their recognition as resistance fighters 35 years after they were mur­ one impression remains clear: The bulk of the paperback giving the impressions of about 40 contributions fo this exciting though depressing people of Jewish origin—some of them only dered by the Nazis as "terrorists". No wonder that Finkelgruen states: "I tried assimilation, but I had paper-back prove beyond any reasonable doubt "half-Jewish" according to Nazi parlance—of fhat in the foreseeable future fhe after-effects of their lives in West Germany or Austria.* The to leam that I did not succeed. Fear re­ mained. . . ." Another "half-Jew", the Christian racialist indoctrination and the trauma of Ausch­ authors state that they tried to get as many voices witz make it impossible even fo think of a and standpoints as possible irrespective of their Democratic member of the Bundestag, Eric Blu­ menfeld, an inmate of Auschwitz and Buchenwald revival of that great proud and tragic period of political or religious complexion; they only refused German-Jewish symbiosis which the Nazis de­ the co-operation of anybody whether on the left or from 1942 to 1945, admits that "for the vast majority of Germans the Jewish fellow country­ stroyed. on the right of the political spectmm who insisted F. HELLENDALL that certain authors of the opposite colour should man is the unknown neighbour". He records that not be allowed to participate in this enterprise. It the Jews in Germany more and more isolate them­ is difficult to imagine that 35 years after the holo­ selves and registers the phenomenon that anti­ A RESPECTFUL POSTSCRIPT caust there are Jews in Germany with such an semitism shows its ugly face again—without there being any Jews. Having been given fhe opportunity to add some illiberal approach whatever may be their political lines to Mr. Hellendall's review I feel inclined to complexion otherwise, and one can only hope that A scientific investigation of the continued exist­ remark fhat it says—pace—both too much and too this was not the reason why no ofiicial represent­ ence of anti-Semitism in the Federal Republic little about the problem the book deals with- ative of any Jewish organisation and no Rabbi in made by Alphons Silbermann, a well-known Too much because it treats it conscientiously like the Federal Republic has contributed to this work. Professor of Cologne University, in 1975 came to any ordinary conventional publication; too little the conclusion that 15 to 20 per cent of fhe West because it fails to characterize the topic as one In an introduction which gives an excellent German population had clear anti-Semitic preju­ summary of the history of Gennan Jewry in a of secular gravity. dices, a further 30 per cent were more or less After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in few pages Bemf Engelmatm concludes: "The Jews "latent anti-Semites". No sign of an alleged "end now living in the Federal Republic have setded 1492 it took three and a half centuries until Jews of a prejudice". Silbermann in his contribution to ventured to settle there again. Even after the ven­ here well even if some of them behave as if they the presenf papwr-back complains bitterly that his were sitting on packed trunks". The majority of ture of re-settlement had been undertaken by a work was virtually ignored by the official repre­ few audacious fore-runners, the number of re- contributors to this paper-back disprove this con­ sentatives of Jewry in Germany and accuses these clusion, Ilse Rewald who with her husband sur­ settlers remained minimal until the Nazi catas­ representatives of exercising caution instead of trophe drove more unhappy fellow-Jews to seek vived "illegally" in Berlin thanks to the courage militancy against such phenomena. Silbermann of Christian friends states "I do not live under refuge wherever available. Contrary to a common summarises the reaction of these representatives misconception there had not been a solemn the illusions which my parents had that Radical­ by saying that they believed themselves "to bc ism on the right has no chance in the Federal Cherem which forbade Jews to return to Spain: secure enjoying citizenship recognised by the state rather was the ban due to a self-imposed aversion Republic"; Professor Flechtheim who returned and the rights bestowed on them . . . one might from the USA to take up academic teaching at the fo go back to the scene of unredeemed shock and almost say the status of Court Jews and with terror. Free University of West Berlin admits fo be yet blinkers on their eyes they are hardly aware of more sceptical now than he was in 1962 when he In the case of Nazism neither the expulsion nor the dangers which could hit them like any ethnic the holocaust cai:sed a similar reaction. Jews did stated: "At any rate my trunks remain packed". minority having regard to the latent prejudices". Michel Lang speaks of "Kofferjuden ("'Jews on return to Germany after the overthrow of Nazism trunks") who always guard against "in case of But blinkers are not confined to the official rep­ —hesitatingly, doubtfully, at first in small, then . , ," Jiirgen Landeck, Chainnan of the Jewish resentatives of German Jewry, or as Professor in larger numbers. Their motives were as varied Library in West Berlin, states "Their distrust is Silbermann characterises them, fhe "Juden- as they were understandable. Most of the re- stronger than ever". Alfred Moos who once funkfionare". On the extreme left a different type emigrants were just vagrant, perplexed people studied law in Heidelberg at the same time as this of blinkers appears: Etti and Peter Gingold, looking for a harbour. Not the slightest blame reviewer admits that he "never fully recovered Jewish refugees in France and members of the should be attached to their decision. from the blow I received in 1933" although one Maquis, returaed to West Germany in 1945. Their But a momentous decision it was. Whoever took might doubt his statement that in that respect he daughter Silvia, born in 1SM7, a member of the it fortuitously without anticipating the formidable differs from the great majority of his fellow- German Communist Party, successfully fought problems with which he was bound to be faced sufferers. Moos, a distant relative of Albert victimisation under an anti-Communist witch hunt must not be surprised if they might threaten to Einstein and a descendant of a family which can in Hesse. The Gingolds concede that their Jewish­ overwhelm him. His proper reaction should have trace its ancestry in South Germany for more than ness would have played an unimportant role in been to weather the storm and keep quieL My pri­ three centuries, considers himself as one of the their lives if the Jews had not had to suffer such mary objection to this collection of individual horrible fate during the Hitler years and ask experiences is that they generally caught their the question: "Why should not the Jews in spite victims in a state of intellectual unpreparedness. of fhe tragic past be completely integrated with Not surprisingly the contributions are extremely *Fremd im eigenen Land; Juden in der Bundesrepublik, our (meaning the Gennan!) people?" The Gin- different in outlook as well as in value. Some are herausgegeben von Henryk M, Broder und Mictiel R, Lang; golds think assimilation to be the most suitable moderate and responsible as—to mention only mit einem Vorwort von Bemt Engelmann. Fischer Taschen- Iwich Verlag GmbH. Frankfurt. 1979, solution of the Jewish problem. Emil Carlebach, one example—that by Eric Blumenfeld, a member AJR INFORMATION July 1980 Page 7 of the Bundestag, some even optimistic as that Friedrich Walter THE DEBATE ABOUT REMARQUE of L6on E. Bieber. But these positive essays are Was Erich Maria Remarque a "serious" or in a minority, and your reviewer docs not give "BESUCH IM HADES" merely an outstandingly successful "popular" them pride of place. The most impressive con­ novelist? The question has been a matter of much tributions leave the reader with the feeling that Im Jahr 1966 untemahm der jetzt nach vielen acrimonious and confused controversy. The latest the precarious attempt at reviving the past has Wanderjahren in Wien lebende SchriftsteUer contribution to the argument* has the great merit sadly failed. They mirror disappointment, re­ Giinther Anders, der sich neben zahlreichen of providing a much-needed scholarly approach. sentment, often bitteraess and animosity towards anderen Biichem durch sein Hauptwerk "Die The authors demonstrate persuasively that most their old-new neighbourhood. In these wholly Antiquiertheit des Menschen" einen Namen of the denigration of Remarque's work is rooted negative essays one would look in vain for a re­ gemacht hat, eine Fahrt nach Auschwitz. Auf der in political or personal animosity; this part of cognition of the German Federal Republic's RUckkehr von dort kehrte er in seine Vaterstadt their treatise in itself makes interesting and in­ generous efforts to make amends to the Nazi Breslau zurUck. Seine Tagebuchaufzeichnungen structive reading. Then, having cleared the ground, victims and to purify the political atmosphere iiber diese Heimkehr. weim man sie noch so nen­ they proceed to apply the yardstick of literary poisoned by their Nazi predecessors. Surely, it is nen kann, hat er jetzt im Verlag von C. H. Beck, criticism as if should be done; that is fo say, they only too manifest that the efforts have not been MUnchen, veroffentlicht.* examine, not what they or other people think entirely successful; worse, fhat fresh signs of Neo- Remarque should have said, but how he said what Nazism show up in the political landscape, so Giinther Anders, 1902 geboren, ist der Sohn des he himself wanted to say. utterly devastated during the years of unspeakable Universitatsprofessors der Psychologie, William infamy. But equally visible is the general ten­ Stem. Seine Aufzeichnungen sind ein schmerzhch Even so, not everybody will agree with the dency of public life towards normalisation and erinnerungsschweres Wiederaufsuchen des Ver­ authors on the very favourable assessment of soundness. That it sometimes appeared in the gangenen—von all den qualvoll zwiesi»lfigen, Remarque's work as a whole. Although they do shape of an exaggerated philosemifism should not widerspmchsvoUen Empfindungen begleitet, wie sie not claim that his prose style was more than very be denied; but to call this misguided, if generally jeder von uns kennt, der seine Heimatstadt nach readable and concede that he was sometimes Well-intended, over-reaction "disgusting" and dem Kriege wieder aufgesucht hat. GUnther guilty of triviality and sentimentality, their final "loathsome", as several authors do, smacks of Anders' Breslau hat sich von Gmnd aus verandert, verdict is that "his novels will live on for many a profound and even malicious misunderstanding. nichts ist mehr da von dem, was einst war, er long year after fhe events he has described so Eric Blumfeld calls it "demonstrative" well-be­ verirrt sich oft in der g^zlich verwandelten Stadt memorably have lapsed into history". This may having, thus suggesting both the positive aspects und findet es gut und richtig so, dass an Stelle des well be tme of All Quiet on the Western Front, in as well as the ambiguities of the phenomenon. Alten etwas ganz Neues und Anderes entstanden which he could draw on his own overwhelming ist. Dennoch sieht er mit fast visionarer, traum­ experience as a young soldier and make highly Michael R. Lang, one of the editors of the book, effective use of his greatest assets as a writer, calls the Jewish functionaries, who are generally hafter Deutlichkeit in der verfremdeten Stadt die vertrauten, verschwundenen Statten seiner Kind­ acute observation and the gift of creating excellent treated with a regrettable lack of empathy, per­ dialogue. But can the same be said of the later sons who are "mentally destroyed". No reproach heit und Jugend wieder vor sich aufsteigen, das Johanneum-Gymnasium, die Spielplatze, die novels of post-war disenchantment, emigration and is intended when it is stated that this sad de­ exile? As a man to whom his first great success scription applied with greater justification to a Strassen und einsfigen Strassermamen, das Eltern­ haus, in dem er aufwuchs, und dessen "hochherr- had brought fame, wealth and security he was no noticeable number of those authors who indulge longer writing as a representative victim of the with unmistakable pleasure in their albeit self- schaftliche" Wohnung. Es sind beschworende Bilder, die ihm vergegenwartigen, was an der Ver­ painful events he described and 1 for one feel chosen, "misfortune" of having retumed to Ger- that his imaginative insight was nof profound niany. The second editor, Henryk M. Broder, gangenheit erbarmungslos verganglich, gnadenvoll bestandig ist. enough to replace the inspiration of immediate entitles his essay "Why I Would Rather Not be personal experience. However, value judgments a Jew, and if There is No Other Choice—^Then Immer wieder aber fUhlt er sich auch gedrangt, are bound fo differ, and that I cannot fully accept Rather Not in Germany"—no comment is re­ sich nach all dem grasslich Geschehenen mit den the appraisal at which Drs. Barker and Last have quired. Lang describes his own constitution as Anschauungen, der Lebensweise seiner hoch- arrived is much less important than the fact that a "nearly neurotic over-sensitivity, an almost assimiUerten, deutsch-jUdischen Familie kritisch their intelUgent critical study has induced me fo niasochistic philosophy of life, an exaggerated auseinanderzusetzen. Ihr "Credo", der Glaube an re-read three of Remarque's books with a keener self-centredness and an indifferent nonchalance ihre Zugehorigkeit zum Deutschtum und seiner understanding than before. towards everything non-Jewish, fhat is to say Kultur, ihr Besfreben und BemUhen, ein Teil 'soyish'". People who like him regard their fellow- LEO KAHN. davon zu sein, will ihm nun, eben weil sie kluge citizens as a "nuisance", who feel they are con­ und gebildete Menschen waren, als unbegreifliche tinually "moving along an abyss, are ins-finctively •Christine R, Barker and R, W, Last: Erich Maria Re­ "Naivitat" erscheinen. Ja, er spricht sogar in lying in ambush with an indefinable, ever-present marque, Oswald Wolff Publishers, £6.50. diesem wie in anderem, entsprechendem Zusam­ anxiety" should never have retumed. If in spite of menhang einmal von der "Dummheit der Klugen, everything they did choose to retum, fhey should von der Blindheit der Scharfsichfigen, von der have kept silent until a measure of psychological Idiotie der Hoffenden". recovery would have restored them to sanity. That CLUB 1943 they did lose their equanimity is not their fault, In die polemische Scharfe und Harte seines Vortraege jeden Montag um 8 p.m. hut they should heed their responsibilities. Herr Urteils kann man, wenn iiberhaupt, nur schwer, im Hannah Karminski House Lang did not only .not keep silent for himself, nur widerstrebend einstimmen, spi^che auch aus 9 Adamson Road, N.W.3 he also lent his cooperation to the collection and dieser polemischen Leidenschaft nicht noch ein 1 Juli Sommerferien bis zum 1 publication of more or less equally unbalanced Ton innerer Ergriffenheit und Trauer. Auf einer August. self-analyses. der ersten Seiten seiner Aufzeichnungen schreibt 4 August Mitgliederversammiung "The Germans have a difficult time with the GUnther Anders einmal: "Selbst nachtraglich I Bericht ueber die Arbeit few Jews among them, and it is true: the co­ verwusfet Hitler noch unser Leben." des Clubs. Kassenbericht. existence is not without its problems". This is Den Aufzeichnungen von 1966 hat er 1979, Diskussion. Neuv/ahi des the way Leon Brandt puts it in his essay entitled gleichfalls in Tagebuchform, ein Nachwort Uber Vorstandes. "An Abnormal Togethemess. An Existence With­ den "Holocaust"—Film angefUgt. Er setzt sich II Dr. K. f^lueger liest eine out Future". "Not without problems"—indeed, bedingungslos fUr ihn und seine Wirkung ein und Geschichte von Hemnann ^d problems are in need of being explored, verteidigt ihn aufs entschiedenste gegen die Ein­ Loens, "Landregen". Dr. F. "Dade intelligible and thus cured from their more wande, die man dem Him wegen der oft "kino- Lesser singt Loens-Lleder zu •Jangerous potentialities. It remains doubtful haften" Behandlung seines Themas gemacht hat. ihrer Guitarre. whether the book under review has done its share "Wer uns hier mit Geschmackskriterien kommt, to further these highly desirable objectives. der ist unmoralisch" schreibt Anders, und: "nur EVA G, REICHMANN. durch fictio kann das factus, nur durch Einzeiraile das Unabzahlbare deutlich und unvergesslich gemacht werden". Er belegt seine Ueberzeugungen BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNBR Annely Juda Fine Art durch eine Reihe oft schwieriger moralphiloso- phischer Argumente, denen eme Radikalitat des Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS 11 Tottenham Mews, London WIP 9PJ Denkens, ein moralischer Rigorismus zugmnde Always interested In purchasing 01-637 5517/8 liegen, die ims hochste Achtung abnotigen, auch well-preserved Instmments wo wir ihnen nicht immer zu folgen vermdgen. CONTEMPORARY PAINTINGS JACQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. AND SCULPTURE 142 Edgware Road, W.2 Tel.: 723 8818/9 Mon-Fri: 10 am-6 pm Sat: 10am-1pm • Ounther Anders: Besuch Im Hades. Auschwitz und Breslau 1966. Beck Verlag Munchen 1979. DM 15,80. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION July 1980

Egon Larsen "•nMES" QUOTES "AJR I?rt^ORMATION" Recently, this journal had the privilege of being used as source material by the "Times". Under the heading "Kosher lesson" the London EHarist A NUCLEAR 1984? writes in the paper's issue of May 28: "I am indebted to fhis month's issue of the publication An Essay in Futurology Information, put out by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain, for the unexpected revelation that the last surviving kosher hotel in Robert Jungk, the son of a well-known Jewish Brighton has been boughf by a Muslim." This In his book, Jungk quotes chapter and verse of news item induced the Diarist to get in touch filmwrifer in pre-Hitler Berlin, retumed to all kinds of evidence for his alarming theory; the with the new hotel owner, Mr. Peter Bawa, and Germany from his exile and made his name with decline of the constitutional into a totalitarian to publish an interview with him. The episode the popular-scientific book. Die Zukunft hat schon nuclear state—a "nuclear 1984"—is, in his view, indicates fhe diligence with which fhe contents of begonnen. It contained the first misgivings about a inevitable if we ignore the political and social "AJR Information" are followed up also by future in which nuclear energy would play an problems involved in the "massive introduction of readers outside our community such as journalists, increasingly powerful role not only in armament nuclear energy first without the knowledge, and parliamentarians and other public personalities, who regularly receive our monthly. and as an industrial factor but in political, eco­ then against the will of a growing number of nomic, and social life. Appointed "Professor of citizens". He devotes a special and particularly JEWS IN LANGEN Futurology" (to use the popular abbreviation of frightening chapter on "atomic terrorists", and he Under the auspices of the municipality of this comparatively new field of research) in Berlin, quotes Dr. Bemard Feld, head of the Atomic and Langen (Hessen), Mr, Gerd J. Grein, with the Jungk had the opportunity of elaborating his High Energy Physics Department at the Massa­ assistance of other residents, published a 60-page wamings. chusetts Institute of Technology: "Geschichte der juedischen Gemeinde in Langen His latest book. The Nuclear State (John Calder, und ihrer Synagoge". The first part deals with the London, paperback £2,95), summarises them thus: "Let me tell you about a nightmare I have. The situation of the Jews in the Rhine-Main district from early beginnings until 1900. The second part, The assurances by govemments and the nuclear Mayor of Boston sends for me for an urgent consultation. He has received a note from a which records the developments in Langen, states industry that nuclear energy is safe are false; the terrorist group telling him that they have fhat fhe first Jews at fhat place were mentioned in record of accidents and security leaks in the peace­ planted a nuclear bomb somewhere in central the second half of the 17fh century. In 1870, when ful exploitation of nuclear power is higher than in Boston. The Mayor has confirmed fhat 20 the town had a population of 3,6(X), the number most other industries; and the health and perhaps pounds of plutonium is missing from govem­ of Jews amounted to 103. They were integrated the lives of all of us whose countries use nuclear ment stocks. He shows me the crude diagram info their environment and took part in public energy are at risk. Even more important, says the and a set of the terrorists' outrageous demands. life. The first synagogue, a converted residential I know that the device would work. . , . What house, was built in 1852. In 1902, a new syna­ author, are the political implications which will should I advise? Surrender to blackmail or risk gogue was consecrated. By 1935, the boycott tum our democratic countries into "nuclear destroying my home town? I would have to had become so intense that it made life of the states"—which, he argues, are incompatible with advise surrender." Jews unbearable. The brochure ends with a list of democracy; and if we persist in our "nuclear 77 Jews, who lived in Langen in 1933, and folly", our civil liberties, including the right of It sounds like a film scetiario, unlikely to describes their fate. Some of them died before the dissent, will rapidly disappear. The greatest become reality. But then, so did the kind of acci­ years of deportations, some left for Frankfurt or ofher larger places, from where they were also danger, of course, is the proliferation of nuclear dent that happened at Harrisburg. To be sure, deported. The number of those who were de­ weapons; today, there are six countries known to Jungk likes to overstate his case, to sensationalise ported from Langen amounted fo 22; to these possess them, but many more may be equipped his arguments. But the more they shock us into have to be added some whose fate could not be with them in the near future. How can we survive awareness of the dangers, the greater the chance ascertained. The publication is enhanced by draw­ the world of tomorrow? that a nuclear 1984 will never happen. ings and photostats of documents. W.R-

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CARL EBERT NEWS FROM GERMANY Carl Ebert, the producer of opera, best known for his work at Glyndeboume together with the conductor Fritz Busch, has died in California, OBERAMMERGAU 1980 LONDONER PROTESTS AGAINST NAZI aged 93, After a successful career in Darmstadt, Despite the fact fhat the Oberammergau village SENTENCE Frankfurt and Berlin, he left Germany in 1933 in council insisted on showing fhe Daisenberger ver­ The city of Aschaffenburg invited its former protest against Nazi cultural politics. In 1934, sion of the passion play which has been widely Jewish citizens all over the world to take part in together with Busch, he helped to launch the first attacked for its anti-Jewish contents, a number of this year's "Aschaffenburg Discussions" which had Glyndeboume Festival, then regarded as a wild alterations were made under the impact of the as their subject "Germans and Jews—wounds, adventure, with "The Marriage of Figaro". Until showing of the "Holocaust" film. Jews and Chris­ realities, ways". 80 accepted the invitation, but the war, the two artists dominated the Glynde­ tians have for a long time objected that the play 68-year-old Erich Rosenthal, now living in Lon­ boume stage and set standards in teamwork and disregards fhe effects of Roman rule in Palestine, don, declined: he did not wish to visit his native production which infiuenced their successors in that it depicts Jesus and his disciples as though town as the son of a convict. In October 1939, fhe decades to come. After the war, Ebert re- they stood outside Jewish tradition, and that his father, the banker Arnold Rosenthal, had been fumed to Glyndeboume, where his productions of nobody who saw the play would ever recognise sentenced to five years penal servitude and a fine "Idomeneo", "Macbeth", and "Rosenkavalier" are Jesus as a Jew, However, the Anti-Defamation of 524,000 marks. Arnold Rosenthal died in remembered to this day. He also ran some vivid League of B'nai B'rith in the United States has Zwickau prison in 1943. In 1958, his son was niaster classes for BBC Television, put forward proposals for further revisions of fhe awarded 105,0(X) marks as restitution, but the text in order fo heighten Christian awareness of sentence was nof annulled. The High Court of religious and historical errors and to help visitors Restitution in Nuremberg found that the sentence DR. EUGEN GUERSTER to detect distortions in the image and death of had not been passed because of the banker's Jesus. Tbe proposals were drafted by Leonard The publicist and author Dr. Eugen Guerster race—even a non-Jew who had done similar died in Munich in his 85th year. A staunch anti- Swidler, professor of Catholic thought and inter­ things to help Jewish friends, would have received religious dialogue at Temple University, Phila­ Nazi, he emigrated in 1933 to Switzerland and, a similar sentence for infringement of the cur­ later, to the US. As cultural attach^ of the Ger­ delphia. They propose inter alia that the play rency laws. Erich Rosenthal had lived in London should avoid giving the impression that most Jews man Embassy in London from 1953 to 1963 he af fhe time of the offence, supporting Jews whom became known to many former refugees in this Wanted the death of Jesus, and that Pilate was an he had helped to emigrate legally and organising innocent and kindly bystander. country. His interest in Jewry and Judaism is children's transports to Britain. His father had reflected in his book "Die Judenfrage eine Chris- Cardinal Ratzinger, Archbishop of Munich, sent him money wrapped in rolls of carbon paper. tenfrage" (Lucerne 1938). E.G.L. Welcomed the changes and said the anti-Christian An Aschaffenburg lawyer. Dr. Hermaim Leeb, has antisemitism of the Third Reich in its abysmal volunteered to take up the case for fhe rehabili­ inhumanity must remain a warning which Chris­ tation of the banker. The local paper had reported WEST GERMAN BISHOPS AND THE JEWS tians could not disregard. The cross as a symbol on his trial in 1939, saying that "the accused was The West German Conference of Bishops has of peace must rule the Christian's relationsliip to a typical example of Jewish trade morals . . , and called on Catholics to reconsider their attitude to the Jewish people. intent on doing big business and damaging fhe the Jewish people in order to "overcome false All performances this summer have been sold cause of the Reich," During this year's discus­ judgements and attitudes within the Church. . . . out. By the end of September, more than 50,000 sions, a woman who had moved to Aschaffenburg We have a special reason in Germany", fhe call people from all over the world will have seen a after the War, circularised a list of signatures for continues "to ask God and our Jewish brethren total of 100 performances of the five-hour play. an appeal to right fhis wrong, for forgiveness." Through silence, indifference and The sale of tickets has brought the village about omissions. Catholics had helped to make Nazi f 20 million in cash. PENSIONER SUSPECT OF CAMP MURDERS crimes possible, and some had even become PROCEEDINGS AGAINST NAZI LAWYER criminals themselves. The Church was sfill preach­ The public prosecutor in Fulda ordered the ing erroneous and distorted views about fhe Jews. Rechtsanwalt Eberhard Engelhardt of Nuern­ arrest of 71-year-old pensioner Hermann E. A berg, who had joined the Nazi Party in 1932, has gipsy and former printer, he was arrested and sent for many years demanded the release of Rudolf to Buchenwald in 1943. He became "Kapo" in an GURS IN SCHOOL CURRICULUM Hess and also requested the Federal Government annex of the camp at Nordhausen, where he is to withhold any contributions towards the cost for alleged fo have collaborated with Polish inmates President Miiller of Karlsruhe has suggested guarding "the Last of Spandau". Recently he took in drowning, suffocating and torturing Jewish that in October, on the 40th anniversary of the an action which, even by neo-Nazi standards, is fellow prisoners. The case has been under in­ deportation of Jews from Baden and Wuerttcm- ''eyond belief. After the journalist Renate Har- berg fo Gurs in France, the event should be vestigation for nearly four years. discussed in all schools of the Land, In view of Precht, a Jewish survivor of Auschwitz, had In Bochum, a member of the Nazi police was stated in a broadcast that relatives of hers had the marry Jews who used to live in Baden, there arrested on suspicion of having been in charge of should be a lof of local inferest for this particular been gassed, Engelhardt wrote to her that a client an execution squad in Russia, having shot of his, a former SS man, felt offended by this part of the Third Reich history. Some 6,000 Jews prisoners and set fire to a school building in were deported to Gurs in the Pyrenees, and last remark. He asked Mrs. Harprecht to let him which a large number of Jews were being held, luiow, when and where her relatives were gassed, April the aimual remembrance service was held whether there were epidemics in the Camp, etc. there and attended by the president and other He threaten^ that, unless he gets a reply, he MAIDANEK COURT'S 13TH TRIP TO government officials. Would report her to the authorities with the view POLAND to having her prosecuted for slander and incite- The Dusseldorf Court which is dealing with UNSUNG HEROINE •nent to hatred and that he would also charge her those responsible for mass murder in Maidanek with DM 174,90 for lawyers fees and expenses. concentration camp, have just concluded their 82-year-old Mrs. Katherine Kluge is the 19th The Nuemberg prosecutor has opened proceed- 13th trip to Poland, in order to hear witnesses Berlin citizen to be awarded the West German 'ngs against Engelhardt, and fhe local chamber of unfit fo travel. Altogether they have made 30 Federal Order of Merit for having hidden two lawyers unanimously decided to apply for crimi­ journeys abroad during the four-and-a-half years Jewish women, Lida Sauer and Cilli Wittenberg, nal investigation and disciplinary action against of the case and heard more than 100 witnesses, in her Zehlendorf flat from 1943 until the end of Engelhardt. in Soviet Russia, Israel, the US, Czechoslovakia, the war. Frau Sauer still lives in Berlin and is in Austria and Australia. So far, the case has cost close contact with her benefactress, whereas Mrs. DAMAGES FOR EXTREME the Federal Republic some £4i million. One of Wittenberg came to Britain after the war and died RIGHT-WINGERS the witnesses heard in Poland, 63-year-old Ryszard two years ago. The Senate of Berlin has honoured Rohde who suffers from a severe lung condition, 700 other citizens who at one fime or another The city of Heilbronn had to pay some £17,000 helped to save Jews from persecution. eration, Ireland. It testifies to the popularity he obtained in the course of this work that, when he left to join E.G. (Jerusalem). HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINE the KKL Head Office in Jerusalem, ahnost every Sir,—/ am doing some research into Homoeo­ local JNF Commission inscribed him and his wife pathic Medicine tts a socitd and historictd phenom­ Rosie into the Golden Book of the JNF. He later PROFESSOR ZEPLER enon. I am interested to know of the possible served with distinction in the Israel Diplomatic arrival in this country of Homoeopathic physicians Service—rising to the rank of Ambassador in Professor Eric Emest Zepler bas died at as refugees and their work tmd infiuence. Burma and in Sweden. Upon his retirement he Southampton, aged 82, He was bom in Altena, I am also following up links between the ideas of became European Director of the Weizmann Westfalia, and started his career in Germany as Swedenborg and Steiner and Homoeopathy and ' Foundation in Zurich. His last job was with Head of Design of Receivers and Direction am looking for writings by George Adams Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusalem. Finders with Telefunken. He came to this Kaufmtmn. If any of your readers has any books, Max Varon will be sadly missed by all who country as a refugee in 1935 and became Pro­ documents or recollections, I should be most knew him. We extend our sincerest sympathy to fessor of Electronics and later research fellow at grateful. his widow, Rosie, who was his faithful companion the Institute for Sound and Vibration in throughout his life. Southamptoa He published a number of highly 27 Mihnan Road, FRANCIS TREUHERZ, R, J. FRIEDMANN, regarded studies on many aspects of electronics London, N.W.6. Lecturer in Social Policy. Paradise, Switzerland. and on his hobby, chess-problems. Polytechnic of Central London,

FAMILY EVENTS Deaths CLASSIFIED CONTINENTAL WIDOW 67, own Entries in the column Family Events The charge in thete columns is SOp house NWll, eager to find other lady Hcrzberg:— Miss Marel Herzberg of for five words plus 25p for advertise­ for sharing interests of travel, music, are free of charge: any volimtary 8A, Rosebush Court, London, N.W,3. donation v/ould, however, be appreci­ ments tmder a Box No. theatre and general company. BoS passed away on 2 May, deepl>' 817, ated. Texts should be sent in by 15th moumed and sadly missed by her Sitnations Required of the month. brother Joby, her sister Ruth and LADY SEEKS part-time employ­ Birtbdays many friends. ment, clerical, domestic or similar. INFORMATION REQUIRED Malinow:— Mr. Adolphe Malinow Box 816. AJR Enquiries (formerly Breslau), now at 5A, Stanley EXPORT/IMPORT MANAGER, ex­ Bucks:— Mr, E, Bucks—last known Kory:— Leslie Kory, husband of perienced trading and office admini­ Drive, Leeds 8, celebrates his 95th Elisabeth and father of Manfred address 23 Tavistock Court, Tavis­ birthday on fhe 3rd July, stration, conscientious hard worker, tock Square, London, WCl, passed away on 8 June after a long fluent German, seeks change position. Weddings illness. Deeply mourned by relatives Box 818. Trenter-.Moser:— Mr, and Mrs, and friends in USA, S Africa and Canada. WE WOULD WELCOME hearing George H, Trenter of London an­ REMINDERS COST MONEY nounce that the wedding between from more ladies who would be will­ their daughter, Pamela and Naffali ing to shop and cook for an elderly Marcus:— Dr. Erwin Marcus of person in their neighbourhood on a Please pay your subscription Moser, BCom, BA, son of Mr, and 114 Wellesley Court, Maida Vale, Mrs, John Moser of Sydney, Aus­ temporary or permanent basis. Cur­ promptly London, W9 (formerly Breslau), died rent rate of pay £1,60 per hour. Please tralia, took place on 25 June at on 21 January, sadly missed by his Ramat Hasharon, Israel. ring Mrs. Matus 01-624 4449, AJR and devoted wife, relatives and friends. Employment, for Appointment. Balsam-Kedem:— Mr. and Mrs. S, Miscellaneons HELP us to SAVE Balsam of 12 Beverley Road, Leam­ Nass:— Berthold Nass passed away REVLON MANICURIST. Will visit ington Spa are delighted to announce suddenly on 19 May, Deeply mourned your home. Phone 01-445 2915. the wedding of their daughter Nancy by his wife and son, brother, sister- Personal to Mr. Gabi Kedem in Haifa. in-law, relatives and many friends in WIDOW, lonely, without family, liv­ London and abroad. Thanks for Congratulation ing in Wll, would like fo meet Cliarles N. Gilbert, F.B.Cii.A. THANK YOU, THANK YOU, Dr. refined ladies with continenfal back­ Rosenstock, for the most touching Pauson:— Marie Pauson of Osmond ground with view to friendship. Box tribute to my 98th Birthday, and House (formerly Frankfurt) passed 814. CHIROPODIST WIDOW middle 60 contemplates to heartfelt thanks to fhe donors fo my away on 18 May, aged 96, in her ZIGGY'S, 47 FAIRFAX RD., NW6 Fund and the charming hundreds of sleep. Deeply moumed by her loving form circle of friends either sex in Birthday cards from my members, sister, Mrs, Eisex, her only son in the NW London. People with various 904 1945 — 328 5024 — 723 5424 MARGARET JACOBY. USA and all the family. interests. Please WTife fo Box 815, AJR INFORMATION July 1980 Page 11

stupidity of the organised mass murder of Jews in Nazi Germany, written with the thoroughness of a BIRTHDAYS trained research worker in sociology and psy­ chology coupled with the art of an outstanding writer, has become an indispensable source for C C ARONSFELD 70 These achievements are the more remarkable any writer, historian or lawyer concerned Wfith Nazi crimes. It is a pity that it is not yet avail­ On 15 July, Caesar Aronsfeld will celebrate as Caesar Aronsfeld had no special academic education for his activities. Entirely self-taught, able in English and as a paperback. his 70th birthday. After a childhood in—then— Adler thinks that he has written enough about Eastem Posen (about which he most charmingly he writes and speaks as a historian of sound scholarship and learning. His human make-up is this dreadful period of his life and he is now Wrote in our January issue), he came to this concentrating on writing poetry. He is President country from Berlin in 1933, having given up his a combination of innate modesty and shyness, of the PEN Centre of German Speaking Writers law studies on the Nazi advent in Germany. He kindness and integrity, allied to dry humour Abroad, and with his tact and diplomacy be has started here as a trainee in a machine factory, but which often finds delightful expression in his succeeded in keeping together this small band of soon felt that his real vocation and interests lay writings. He and his wife Helga (who is very writers who found new homes all over the world in historical joumalism and the study of history, much a person in her own right, in her Synagogue after the Nazi catastrophe but retained their and related spheres) have numerous friends who attachment to the German language. Adler's Dr. Alfred Wiener became aware of the special numerous friends find it difiicult to imagine that gifts of Mr. Aronsfeld and made him his princi­ wish them many more years of a harmonious companionship and active contribution to Jewish he is reaching the "biblical age". After his recent pal assistant on the transfer of the Wiener Library recovery from a serious illness they hope that he to London. Caesar Aronsfeld continued to serve life and knowledge. F.E.F. will be able to continue his work for many years the Wiener Library as Assistant Director for 27 to come in good health and under the loving care years. He edited the "Wiener Library Bulletin" PROFESSOR H. G. ADLER, 70 of his devoted wife Bettina and his son Jeremy. and made a most valuable contribution to the F.H. On 2 July, Professor H. G. Adler will celebrate Work of the Library. In 1966, he joined the In­ his 70th birthday. Bom in Prague, then a unique MARTIN BEHEIM-SCHWARZBACH, 80 stitute of Jewish Affairs, serving as Senior Re­ centre of symbiotic Czech, German and Jewish Novelist and biographer Martin Beheim- search Officer with great distinction and editing culture, he studied and graduated there. He was Sch\sarzbach who celebrated his 80fh birthday in two scholarly Institute publications, "Patterns of incarcerated by the Nazis in numerous concen­ Hamburg, was born in London as son of a Prejudice" and "Christian-Jewish Relations". The tration camps, amongst which were Theresienstadt surgeon at the German Hospital. Shortly before latter are very important to him and he takes a and Auschwitz where he lost most of his family. the outbreak of war, he retumed to Britain, as he Very active part in the Council of Christians and After the war, he emigrated to London where he had retained British nationality after his parents' Jews, has lived since 1947, return to Germany, in order to help refugee Adler is one of the few survivors of Auschwitz friends. He first worked in factories and later for A constant stream of articles and other writings who never complains about his fate. He has the BBC. In 1946, he retumed to Germany. on aspects of Jewish history, antisemitism, fascism endeavoured to overcome the trauma of four and other subjects is flowing from his j)en, all years of horror not only by giving detailed ac­ AWARD FOR JEWISH JUDGE written in a lucid and pungent style and based on counts of life in fhe camps, but by analysing the Dr, Arthur Emsheimer, a former German judge thorough and scholarly research, "AJR Inform­ legal and psychological absurdity of "administered who headed the central agency for refugee relief ation" is particularly grateful to Mr. Aronsfeld man". His works on Theresienstadt and Auschwitz in Switzerland after 1933, has been awarded have become almost classics of the accounts of the Great Service Cross of the Order of Merit in for the many excellent articles he has contributed. this tragic period of our history, and his main recognition of his work on behalf of Jewish As a lecturer, speaking to countless Jewish and work "Der verwaltete Mensch", an outstanding refugees and his contribution to post-war Ger­ Christian audiences, he has made a special impact. analysis of the administrative machinery and man-Jewish reconciliation.

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TO ALL OUR READERS THEATRE AND CULTURE It is impos.sible for as, much though we regret it, Comedian par excellence is the title conferred EXHIBrnONS to ensure that AJR Infonnation reaches oar posthumously on Hans Moser (1880-1964) who in readeis at the same time every month. The time hi,* own way of acting was a unique and most Joe Rose, BEM o{ delivery entirely depends on various factors, engaging personality, Aii exhibition to be held in It is three years since we have had an oppor­ over which wc have no control such as the Vienna during the week 19th to 26 September will tunity to see a major exhibition of Joe Rose's industrial situation in the printing trade and in become a cultural documentation, comparing thc work in London, so it is all the more important Ihe postal services. We would, therefore, ask our Austrian actor with contemporary comdians everywhere, with Charles Chaplin, thc Marx not to miss his one-man exhibition at the Obelisk readers not to ring our office in case of delay. Brothers and Karl Valentin, Moser, who would Gallery, 15 Crawford Street, Wl, from 24 June have been 100 years old this year, played in some to 8 July. The exhibition is entitled "Phantasms" and includes works in oil and various media. 150 films between 1921 and 1963, a splendid DISTINCTION FOR MR. M. DURST legacy to the world of entertainment. Prolific painter as he is, with an absolute mastery Two holiday visitors In Vienna are Walter of technique and colour, Joe Rose has not man­ Mr. Manfred Durst, Chairman of the Leo Reisch, 78, the fihn director and scriptwriter (who aged to free himself from his obsession with his Baeck House Conmiittee, has been elected Presi­ dent of the British Jewellery & Giftware Feder­ did not fail to visit his "Maskerade" star Paula personal experiences of the concentration camps Wessely) and Walter Slezak, 78, son of tenor Leo, ation. Mr. Durst came to this country from Ger­ and Nazi persecution. His symbolism is stark and many at the age of 14 and, after finishing his and himself famous on Broadway. real, superbly executed, his surrealist fantasies Birthdays. Kurt Herbert Adler, General Direc­ education, was apprenticed to a jeweller at Hatton tor of the San Francisco opera house since 1953, is strike a note in our iimer conscience that we Garden. At the age of 21, he and a fellow 75; NICO Dostal, operetta composer and nephew of cannot ignore. apprentice, John Najmann, joined forces to found Hermann Dostal, whose 'Fliegermarsch" ("Komm Fred Manshaw Ltd. in 1946. He serves on several Joe Rose was bom in Gennany, imprisoned in trade committees and became a Freeman of the und sei mein Kavalier") took Europe by storm in concentration camps, escaped to England and 1912, has reached the age of 85. His potpourris and Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths several years served in the British Army in World War II. He ago. We extend our sincerest congratulations to operettas were much performed, mainly during emigrated to Australia in 1957, retumed to Lon­ the Thirties, -Clivia", "Monika" and "Ungarische our friend Mr. Durst on his new, important ap­ Hochzeit" provided richness of colourful times, don in 1972 and now divides his time between pointment. some of which have been heard in Britain, and London and Sydney. were recently presented by Sam Costa in his AWARD FOR SAUL FRIEDLAENDER Tuesday BBC programme "Glamorous Nights". Tbe Royal Academy This year's Andreas Gryphius Prize (named Obituary. Hilde Konetzni, soprano and member The aimual Summer Exhibition of the Royal after the Silesian 17th century poet) was awarded of the Vienna State Opera for many years, has by the "Kuenstlergilde" to Dr. Saul Friedlaender, died in Vienna aged 75. She specialized as a Academy opened on 31 May and continues imtil since 1965 Professor of History and Intemafional Wagnerian singer, and was the sister of soprano 24 August. It is impossible here to describe the Relations at the Hebrew University in Jerusalern, Anny Konetzni who died in 1968. S.B, wealth of talent on display, but in Gallery DC Professor Friedlaender was bom in 1932 in there is a charming polyester bronze maquette Prague and fled to France in 1939, where he GRETE MOSHEIM, 75 "Mother and Daughter" by our old friend Fred survived the war in hiding. His works include To celebrate her 75th birthday earlier this year, Kormis. That in itself, apart from all the other several documentations, among them "Auftakt Grete Mosheim retumed to the Berlin stage to treasures, should not be missed, zum Untergang—Hitler und die Vereinigten act in "The House by the Lake" by the American Staaten 1939-1941" (1965) and "Pius XH und das Ernest Thompson. ALICE SCHWAB. Dritfe Reich" (1966), E,G.L.

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