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An Overview of the State of Microgeneration Technologies in the UK
An overview of the state of microgeneration technologies in the UK Nick Kelly Energy Systems Research Unit Mechanical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow Drivers for Deployment • the UK is a signatory to the Kyoto protocol committing the country to 12.5% cuts in GHG emissions • EU 20-20-20 – reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20% below 1990 levels; 20% of all energy consumption to come from renewable resources; 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels, to be achieved by improving energy efficiency. • UK Climate Change Act 2008 – self-imposed target “to ensure that the net UK carbon account for the year 2050 is at least 80% lower than the 1990 baseline.” – 5-year ‘carbon budgets’ and caps, carbon trading scheme, renewable transport fuel obligation • Energy Act 2008 – enabling legislation for CCS investment, smart metering, offshore transmission, renewables obligation extended to 2037, renewable heat incentive, feed-in-tariff • Energy Act 2010 – further CCS legislation • plus more legislation in the pipeline .. Where we are in 2010 • in the UK there is very significant growth in large-scale renewable generation – 8GW of capacity in 2009 (up 18% from 2008) – Scotland 31% of electricity from renewable sources 2010 • Microgeneration lags far behind – 120,000 solar thermal installations [600 GWh production] – 25,000 PV installations [26.5 Mwe capacity] – 28 MWe capacity of CHP (<100kWe) – 14,000 SWECS installations 28.7 MWe capacity of small wind systems – 8000 GSHP systems Enabling Microgeneration -
The Potential Air Quality Impacts from Biomass Combustion
AIR QUALITY EXPERT GROUP The Potential Air Quality Impacts from Biomass Combustion Prepared for: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; and Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland AIR QUALITY EXPERT GROUP The Potential Air Quality Impacts from Biomass Combustion Prepared for: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; and Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland This is a report from the Air Quality Expert Group to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; and Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland, on the potential air quality impacts from biomass combustion. The information contained within this report represents a review of the understanding and evidence available at the time of writing. © Crown copyright 2017 Front cover image credit: left – Jamie Hamel-Smith, middle – Katie Chase, right – Tom Rickhuss on Stocksnap.io. Used under Creative Commons. United Kingdom air quality information received from the automatic monitoring sites and forecasts may be accessed via the following media: Freephone Air Pollution Information 0800 556677 Service Internet http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk PB14465 Terms of reference The Air Quality Expert Group (AQEG) is an expert committee of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and considers current knowledge on air pollution and provides advice on such things as the levels, sources and characteristics of air pollutants in the UK. AQEG reports to Defra’s Chief Scientific Adviser, Defra Ministers, Scottish Ministers, the Welsh Government and the Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland (the Government and devolved administrations). -
COMFORT™ SERIES PACKAGED HEAT PUMP and PACKAGED HYBRID HEAT® SYSTEMS High-Efficiency Packaged Products with Your Comfort in Mind
COMFORT™ SERIES PACKAGED HEAT PUMP AND PACKAGED HYBRID HEAT® SYSTEMS High-efficiency packaged products with your comfort in mind Models 50VT, 48VT DESIGNED WITH YOUR COMFORT IN MIND Innovation, efficiency, quality: Our Comfort™ Series packaged heat pumps and packaged Hybrid Heat® systems represent years of research and design with one goal in mind – helping your family with comfort solutions. With durable, lasting comfort and the option to choose a traditional heat pump or gas furnace and heat pump combined, Comfort™ Series packaged products offer the Carrier quality, environmental stewardship and lasting durability that have endured for more than a century. While both of these packaged products provide comfort all year long, our Hybrid Heat systems can be an excellent choice in areas where having both gas and electric heat pump heating are desirable for maximum comfort and energy savings. EFFICIENCY SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio), HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor) and AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) ratings are like your car’s MPG – the higher the number, the greater the potential for savings. Comfort™ Series packaged heat pumps and packaged Hybrid Heat systems offer up to 14.5 SEER cooling and 8.0 HSPF heating. The packaged Hybrid Heat system also reaches 81% AFUE gas heating. DURABILITY A galvanized steel cabinet and heavy-duty wire coil guard provide protection against dings, dents and other outdoor threats. Our unique cabinet design puts the condensing coil above ground level and further out of harm’s way. The bottom half of the cabinet is fully sealed to help keep moisture, leaves, dirt and other potential corrosives out. -
Policies and Measures on Renewable Heating and Cooling in Europe
Eionet Report - ETC/ACM 2018/17 Policies and measures on renewable heating and cooling in Europe December 2018 Authors: Tom Dauwe, Katrina Young, Magdalena Jóźwicka ETC/ACM consortium partners: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Aether, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (CSIC/IDAEA), EMISIA, Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Öko-Institute, Öko-Recherche, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Universitat Autónoma de Barcalona 1 (UAB), Umweltbundesamt Wien (UBA-V), Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), 4sfera Innova Cover photo © solar thermal installation Legal notice The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Union. Neither the European Environment Agency, the European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency or the Topic Centre is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. Copyright notice © European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (2018) Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Authors Tom Dauwe: VITO/EnergyVille (BE) Katrina Young: Aether (UK) Magdalena Jóźwicka: EEA (DK) European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation PO Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands Tel.: +31 30 274 8562 Fax: +31 30 274 4433 Web: http://acm.eionet.europa.eu Email: [email protected] Contents Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................... -
FACTSHEET 3: Introduction to Solar Thermal Heating
FACTSHEET 3: Introduction to Solar Thermal Heating Introduction The sun’s energy is free and abundant, and can be used to provide green and renewable hot water for a variety of domestic and commercial situations. For Solar Thermal Water Heating systems solar collector panels are installed on roofs facing between South West and South East (the more south facing the bet- ter the performance). These collectors absorb the sun’s energy and change it into heat, which is then used to heat water. There are two main types of col- lector plates, and several different ways these can be used to provide hot water. 1. Types of Solar Collector Plates a) Flat Plate Collectors The most common panels for solar water heating are FIGURE 1: INSTALLATION OF EVACUATED TUBES flat-plate collectors. These consist of a thin metal box (SOURCE – SOLAR FLAIR) with insulated sides and back, a glass or plastic cov- er (the glazing), and a dark coloured absorber plate. The glazing allows most of the solar energy into the 2. System Requirements box whilst preventing much of the heat gained escap- There are several necessary features that each sys- ing. The insulation on the sides and back minimizes tem must have. Systems must have freeze protection further heat loss to the surroundings. The absorber - if the water in a system freezes it can damage the plate is in the box painted with a selective dark col- solar collector, so this needs to be guarded against. oured coating, designed to maximize the amount of solar energy absorbed as heat. -
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING SCHX1001 Course
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SCHX1001 Course Material UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES Environment [1] The complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival. The aggregate of social and cultural conditions that influence the life of an individual or community. Biotic and Abiotic Components of Environment Natural environment includes all the living and non-living components occurring naturally on Earth. The biological components of the ecosystem that is the biotic components interact with the physical entities (abiotic components). The scientific study of the interaction of biotic community with each other and with abiotic components is known as Ecology. Abiotic Components The abiotic components are also known as the abiotic factors. The abiotic factors in ecology consist of the non-living and physical factors of the environment. Non-living components like pH value, solids, water, intensity of light as energy source, temperature of the atmosphere, humidity, physical factors of land like altitude, gradient and region and microclimate. The abiotic components have a strong influence on the distribution, behavior, relationship and structure of the living organisms. Biotic Components Biotic components are the living factors of the ecosystem. A biotic factor is any living component that includes a number of interrelated populations of different species in a common environment. A biotic factor can be any organism that affects any other organism including animals that consume other organism and food the organism consumes. Biotic factors in an environment require food and energy to survive. -
New Low-Temperature Central Heating System Integrated with Industrial Exhausted Heat Using Distributed Electric Compression Heat Pumps for Higher Energy Efficiency
energies Article New Low-Temperature Central Heating System Integrated with Industrial Exhausted Heat Using Distributed Electric Compression Heat Pumps for Higher Energy Efficiency Fangtian Sun 1,2,*, Yonghua Xie 1, Svend Svendsen 2 and Lin Fu 3 1 Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] 3 Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-6832-2133; Fax: +86-010-8836-1680 Received: 23 October 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 14 December 2020 Abstract: Industrial exhausted heat can be used as the heat source of central heating for higher energy efficiency. To recover more industrial exhausted heat, a new low-temperature central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat using distributed electric compression heat pumps is put forward and analyzed from the aspect of thermodynamics and economics. The roles played by the distributed electric compression heat pumps in improving both thermal performance and financial benefit of the central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat are greater than those by the centralized electric compression heat pumps. The proposed low-temperature central heating system has higher energy efficiency, better financial benefit, and longer economical distance of transmitting exhausted heat, and thus, its configuration is optimal. For the proposed low-temperature central heating system, the annual coefficient of performance, annual product exergy efficiency, heating cost, and payback period are about 22.2, 59.4%, 42.83 ¥/GJ, and 6.2 years, respectively, when the distance of transmitting exhausted heat and the price of exhausted heat are 15 km and 15 ¥/GJ, respectively. -
Small Office Incentive Workbook
BUSINESS New Buildings SMALL OFFICE INCENTIVE WORKBOOK SIMPLE SOLUTIONS FOR BIG ENERGY SAVINGS Boost operating income and asset value boost of $168,700. Energy-efficient value through energy efficiency solutions also can contribute to enhanced tenant comfort, higher occupancy rates and Energy Trust of Oregon knows that reducing lower operation and maintenance costs. building energy use by installing energy- efficient equipment and systems has been Energy Trust can help you capture these benefits shown to increase net operating income, or and earn cash incentives for energy-efficient NOI, and asset value. For example, according equipment and building practices with our market to ENERGY STAR®, installing a highly efficient solutions package for office buildings less than variable refrigerant flow, or VRF, heating 70,000 square feet. Whether you’re planning system in a 40,000-square-foot office to build a new office or kicking off a major building can save up to $0.34 per square foot renovation, it provides a simple way to identify every year in energy costs, translating into an the best energy solutions for your office space. additional NOI of $13,496. At a cap rate* of eight percent, this results in a potential asset * NOI divided by the sales price or value of a property expressed as a percentage. Energy Trust outreach managers can offer input and feedback as you make energy-related decisions and assist you in completing this workbook. If you have questions or need help getting started, contact the outreach manager listed here. Name Email Phone Number 1 HOW TO USE THIS WORKBOOK What is the small office incentive package? This package offers an all-in-one, step-by-step process for designing and selecting energy-efficient systems and equipment that are cost-effective and qualify for cash incentives. -
GUNT-Rhline Renewable Heat Solar Thermal Energy and Heat Pump Modular System
Thermodynamic applications in supply engineering: HVAC 5 GUNT-RHLine Renewable Heat gunt GUNT-RHLine Renewable Heat Solar thermal energy and heat pump modular system HL 320.01 HL 320.02 HL 320.03 The HL 320 modular system allows you to investigate with heat generation from heat pumps. The modular Heat pump Conventional heating Flat collector heating systems with various renewable and traditional design of the HL 320 system makes it possible to achieve energy sources. Solar thermal energy can be combined different combinations and confi gurations. Combined use of renewable heat sources Doing away with a conventional heating system represents a thermal collectors with a heat pump very often guarantees genuine alternative for modern residential buildings with good signifi cant savings with reliable year-round supply. thermal insulation in many cases. The combination of solar HL 320.04 HL 320.05 The storage module provides bivalent Evacuated tube collector Central storage storage and buffer storage. The controller module with controller can be used to log measured values over 1 longer periods for analysis of the system behaviour. Freely programmable controller with extensive software DSP PARF1 F1 RST HL 320.07 HL 320.08 gunt HL 320 Central storage module with controller Underfl oor heating/ Fan heater/ geothermal energy air heat exchanger 3 absorber 5 4 2 1 fl at collector, 2 heat exchanger, 3 hot water storage tank, 4 heat pump, 5 geothermal energy absorber; hot heat transfer fl uid, cold heat transfer fl uid, refridgerant, high pressure, refridgerant, low pressure The HL 320.07 and HL 320.08 modules can be used as heat sources or as heat sinks. -
Impact of Cogeneration System Performance on Energy, Environment, and Economics †
energies Article Decarbonization of Residential Building Energy Supply: Impact of Cogeneration System Performance on Energy, Environment, and Economics † Praveen K. Cheekatamarla Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-865-341-0417 † This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevoca-ble, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these re-sults of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). Abstract: Electrical and thermal loads of residential buildings present a unique opportunity for onsite power generation, and concomitant thermal energy generation, storage, and utilization, to decrease primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide intensity. This approach also improves resiliency and ability to address peak load burden effectively. Demand response programs and grid-interactive buildings are also essential to meet the energy needs of the 21st century while addressing climate impact. Given the significance of the scale of building energy consumption, this study investigates how cogeneration systems influence the primary energy consumption and carbon footprint in residential buildings. The impact of onsite power generation capacity, its electrical and thermal efficiency, and its Citation: Cheekatamarla, P.K. -
A Pocket Guide to All-Electric Retrofits of Single-Family Homes
Sean Armstrong’s House in Arcata, CA The Heat Pump Store in Portland, Oregon Jon and Kelly’s Electrified Home in Cleveland, OH Darby Family Home, New York A Pocket Guide to All-Electric Retrofits of Single-Family Homes A Water Vapor Fireplace by Nero Fire Design A Big Chill Retro Induction Range A NeoCharge Smart Circuit Splitter February 2021 Contributing Authors Redwood Energy Sean Armstrong, Emily Higbee, Dylan Anderson Anissa Stull, Cassidy Fosdick, Cheyenna Burrows, Hannah Cantrell, Harlo Pippenger, Isabella Barrios Silva, Jade Dodley, Jason Chauvin, Jonathan Sander, Kathrine Sanguinetti, Rebecca Hueckel, Roger Hess, Lynn Brown, Nicholas Brandi, Richard Thompson III, Romero Perez, Wyatt Kozelka Menlo Spark Diane Bailey, Tom Kabat Thank you to: The many generous people discussed in the booklet who opened their homes up for public scrutiny, as well as: Li Ling Young of VEIC Rhys David of SMUD Nate Adams of Energy Smart Ohio Jonathan and Sarah Moscatello of The Heat Pump Store The Bay Area Air Quality Management for their contribution in support of this guide Erika Reinhardt Thank you for contributing images of your beautiful homes and projects! Barry Cinnamon, Diane Sweet of EmeraldECO, Dick Swanson, Eva Markiewicz and Spencer Ahrens, Indra Ghosh, Jeff and Debbie Byron, Mary Dateo, Pierre Delforge And thank you to those who reviewed and edited! Bruce Naegel, David Coale, David Moller, Edwin Orrett, Nick Carter, Reuben Veek, Robert Robey, Rob Koslowsky, Sara Zimmerman, Sean Denniston, Steve Pierce Contact This report was produced for Menlo Spark, a non-profit, Sean Armstrong, Redwood Energy community-based organization that unites businesses, residents, (707) 826-1450 and government partners to achieve a climate-neutral Menlo [email protected] Park by 2025. -
Cost-And-Financing-Your-Heat-Pump
Welcome We have been supplying and servicing heat pumps in Scotland for over 10 years. What separates us from other heat pump companies is that we are expert heating engineers. In your guide you will find details of homes we have fitted heat pumps in to, the cost of installation and the money they received from the Renewable Heat Incentive scheme. We understand you need information and costs to make an informed decision when investing in a heat pump. The guide also includes details of funding available to install your heat pump and the Renewable Heat Incentive Scheme payments, which will see you receive quarterly payments from the UK Government paid over 7 years. I hope you find your guide useful. If you have any questions or would like to book a site visit please call me on 0845 094 3285. Barry Sharp Owner www.renewableheat.com The number one question... The number one question we are asked when customers are considering installing an air or ground source heat pump is “how much will it cost me”? The answer? The cost of your heat pump depends on many factors: • The size of your house • The number of bedrooms • Age of property • Age of your heating system • Insulation level www.renewableheat.com Here are some we fitted earlier Here are some examples of homes and the costs involved. Air Source Heat Pump, Biggar, Scotland. Type of house Detached Age of house 15 years Number of bedrooms 3 Size 192m2 Heat pump choice Air source Nibe 8kW ASHP Install cost £10,800 Est funding £10.000 Running cost £1,041 per annum RHI income old rate £8,400 over total in 7 years RHI new income rate £11,332 More than the install cost Air Source Heat Pump, Glenfarg, Scotland.