DOCSLIB.ORG

Los Angeles High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ARCHIVED Drug Market Analysis 2008 Los Angeles High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area NATIONAL DRUG INTELLIGENCE CENTER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE National Drug Intelligence Center 319 Washington Street 5th Floor, Johnstown, PA 15901-1622 • (814) 532-4601 NDIC publications are available on the following web sites: INTERNET www.usdoj.gov/ndic ADNET http://ndicosa RISS ndic.riss.net LEO https://www.leo.gov/http://leowcs.leopriv.gov/lesig/ndic/index.htm 060408 This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials. ARCHIVED Product No. 2008-R0813-013 June 2008 Drug Market Analysis 2008 Los Angeles High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area NATIONAL DRUG INTELLIGENCE CENTER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE This assessment is an outgrowth of a partnership between the NDIC and HIDTA Program for preparation of annual assessments depicting drug trafficking trends and developments in HIDTA Program areas. The report has been coordinated with the HIDTA, is limited in scope to HIDTA jurisdictional boundaries, and draws upon a wide variety of sources within those boundaries. This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials. ARCHIVED National Drug Intelligence Center This page intentionally left blank. ii This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials. ARCHIVED LOS ANGELES High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area 2008 TABLE OF CON T EN T S Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Strategic Drug Threat Developments ......................................................................................................... 2 HIDTA Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Drug Threat Overview .............................................................................................................................. 4 Drug Trafficking Organizations ................................................................................................................. 7 Production ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Transportation ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Distribution ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Drug-Related Crime ................................................................................................................................ 18 Abuse ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 Illicit Finance .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Outlook .................................................................................................................................................. 21 Sources ................................................................................................................................................... 23 iii This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials. ARCHIVED National Drug Intelligence Center This page intentionally left blank. iv This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials. ARCHIVED LOS ANGELES High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area 2008 PREFA C E This assessment provides a strategic overview of the illicit drug situation in the Los Angeles High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) region, highlighting significant trends and law enforcement con- cerns related to the trafficking and abuse of illicit drugs. The report was prepared through detailed analy- sis of recent law enforcement reporting, information obtained through interviews with law enforcement and public health officials, and available statistical data. The report is designed to provide policymakers, resource planners, and law enforcement officials with a focused discussion of key drug issues and devel- opments facing the Los Angeles HIDTA. Major City* Interstate U.S. Highway NEVADA Over 1,000,000 State Highway ! Inland Empire City Mexico Highway )"D Port of Entry Inland Empire County HIDTA County * By Census 2000 Population ¨¦§15 Barstow ! SAN BERNARDINO ! ¨¦§40 Needles ¨¦§15 Victorville ¨¦§5 ! Hesperia LOS ANGELES ! CALIFORNIA ¤£101 Yucca Valley Twentynine Palms ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Banning Los Angeles ! ! ! ! ¨¦§10 ! RIVERSIDE UV111 215 ORANGE ¨¦§ ¨¦§10 Inland Empire Cities SAN BERNARDINO 111 LOS 5 86 UV ARIZONA ANGELES ¨¦§ UV Rancho §15 San §15 Cucamonga ¨¦ ¨¦ Bernardino ! Rialto ! Fontana ! ¨¦§210 ! ! ! Colton ! §10 ! Ontario Grand ¨¦ Chino Terrace San Riverside Moreno Norco ! Valley Diego ! ! ¨¦§8 )"D )"D )"D ¨¦§8 ! RIVERSIDE Corona 215 Andrade ¨¦§ D )"D )"2 ORANGE Perris San Ysidro )"D )"D 2 Calexico West ! )" Tecate §15 Calexico East ¨¦§5 ¨¦ Otay Mesa )"2 1 "5 )" MEXICO ) Figure 1. Los Angeles High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area. 1 This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials. ARCHIVED National Drug Intelligence Center • Asian (particularly Vietnamese) DTOs and ST RA T EGI C DRUG THREA T criminal groups in the Los Angeles HIDTA re- DEVELO P MEN T S gion increasingly are producing high-potency marijuana in a number of upscale suburban • Highly organized and very sophisticated neighborhoods at which high levels of black Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) mold (see text box on page 14) and carbon and criminal groups control the most signifi- dioxide also are discovered; many of the cant drug operations in the HIDTA region growers also booby-trap the homes and and an increasing number of drug markets reroute the electrical wiring, which further throughout the country; this expansion is threatens law enforcement safety. facilitated through their enhanced cooperative efforts with Los Angeles-based street gangs, • The increased visibility of violent cartels prison gangs and, to a lesser extent, outlaw in Mexico and near the California–Mexico motorcycle gangs (OMGs) that are increas- border has contributed to shifts in drug ingly joining forces with Mexican DTOs and smuggling patterns and, occasionally, drug criminal groups for economic gain. (See text flow from Mexico into and through the Los box on page 9.) Angeles HIDTA region. • The migration of Los Angeles-based street • Mexican ice methamphetamine—the avail- gangs from inner-city neighborhoods— ability of which has somewhat diminished— particularly those in Los Angeles County— is the principal type available in the Los to more suburban and rural communities Angeles HIDTA region; however, the Los within Los Angeles County (notably the Angeles HIDTA region is one of the most Antelope Valley area) as well as San Ber- prominent domestic source areas for meth- nardino and Riverside Counties and many amphetamine available throughout the other drug markets throughout the country western portion of the country and in many has escalated dramatically. eastern drug market areas. • A large and increasing number of street • Many DTOs and criminal groups in the Los gangs that distribute illicit drugs in the Los Angeles HIDTA region that distribute illicit Angeles HIDTA region have military-trained drugs also commit various other crimes— gang members with knowledge of and access murder, alien smuggling, kidnapping, and to sensitive military equipment and weapons; weapons smuggling—to further their criminal their increasing reliance on military-trained enterprises and generate profits. gang members to facilitate their drug en- • Conflicting state and federal laws regarding terprises threatens law enforcement safety be- marijuana distribution and use for serious cause most officers are not similarly trained illnesses are increasingly difficult for law to protect themselves and others. enforcement officers in the HIDTA region to • The increasing demand for high-potency enforce; in January 2008 distributors in Los marijuana throughout the United States has Angeles became first in the state to use the contributed to increases in domestic can- protections offered through state medicinal nabis cultivation, both indoors (primarily by marijuana laws to dispense marijuana through Asian groups) and outdoors (principally by vending machines—known as Anytime Vend- Mexican groups) in the Los Angeles HIDTA ing Machines (AVMs)—that resemble candy region, a principal source area for domesti- and other snack vending machines. cally produced marijuana. 2 This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials. ARCHIVED LOS ANGELES High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area 2008 with their neighbors. Most of their crack and PCP HIDTA OVERVIEW production occurs in inner-city neighborhoods; The Los Angeles HIDTA region—composed however, PCP increasingly is produced in the high of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Ber- desert areas of San Bernardino County. nardino Counties—is one of the most populous
Recommended publications
  • Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002

    Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002

    ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN MEXICO, 1999-2002 A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government February 2003 Researcher: Ramón J. Miró Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Criminal and Terrorist Activity in Mexico PREFACE This study is based on open source research into the scope of organized crime and terrorist activity in the Republic of Mexico during the period 1999 to 2002, and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country. The analyst examined those organized crime syndicates that direct their criminal activities at the United States, namely Mexican narcotics trafficking and human smuggling networks, as well as a range of smaller organizations that specialize in trans-border crime. The presence in Mexico of transnational criminal organizations, such as Russian and Asian organized crime, was also examined. In order to assess the extent of terrorist activity in Mexico, several of the country’s domestic guerrilla groups, as well as foreign terrorist organizations believed to have a presence in Mexico, are described. The report extensively cites from Spanish-language print media sources that contain coverage of criminal and terrorist organizations and their activities in Mexico.
  • Stardigio Program

    Stardigio Program

    スターデジオ チャンネル:４５０ 洋楽アーティスト特集 放送日：２０１９/１１/２５～２０１９/１２/０１ ｢番組案内 （８時間サイクル）｣ 開始時間：4：00～/12：00～/20：00～ 楽曲タイトル 演奏者名 ■CHRIS BROWN 特集 (1) Run It! [Main Version] Chris Brown Yo (Excuse Me Miss) [Main Version] Chris Brown Gimme That Chris Brown Say Goodbye (Main) Chris Brown Poppin' [Main] Chris Brown Shortie Like Mine (Radio Edit) Bow Wow Feat. Chris Brown & Johnta Austin Wall To Wall Chris Brown Kiss Kiss Chris Brown feat. T-Pain WITH YOU [MAIN VERSION] Chris Brown TAKE YOU DOWN Chris Brown FOREVER Chris Brown SUPER HUMAN Chris Brown feat. Keri Hilson I Can Transform Ya Chris Brown feat. Lil Wayne & Swizz Beatz Crawl Chris Brown DREAMER Chris Brown ■CHRIS BROWN 特集 (2) DEUCES CHRIS BROWN feat. TYGA & KEVIN McCALL YEAH 3X Chris Brown NO BS Chris Brown feat. Kevin McCall LOOK AT ME NOW Chris Brown feat. Lil Wayne & Busta Rhymes BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE Chris Brown feat. Benny Benassi SHE AIN'T YOU Chris Brown NEXT TO YOU Chris Brown feat. Justin Bieber WET THE BED Chris Brown feat. Ludacris SHOW ME KID INK feat. CHRIS BROWN STRIP Chris Brown feat. Kevin McCall TURN UP THE MUSIC Chris Brown SWEET LOVE Chris Brown TILL I DIE Chris Brown feat. Big Sean & Wiz Khalifa DON'T WAKE ME UP Chris Brown DON'T JUDGE ME Chris Brown ■CHRIS BROWN 特集 (3) X Chris Brown FINE CHINA Chris Brown SONGS ON 12 PLAY Chris Brown feat. Trey Songz CAME TO DO Chris Brown feat. Akon DON'T THINK THEY KNOW Chris Brown feat. Aaliyah LOVE MORE [CLEAN] CHRIS BROWN feat.
  • Vol. III Issue 4

    Vol. III Issue 4

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Good Shepherd Gazette ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Good Shepherd Catholic Academy, Brooklyn NY + Thursday May 11, 2018 + Volume III, Issue IV ______________________________________________________________________________________ You can do something small like Mrs. Byrnes did a great job being a responsible friend. choreographing the routines, they Everyone is equal and uniqe. No looked amazing! Layla and I had a one has the right to bully or be classmate that danced and his name is bullied. Matthew Krumm. We thought he did a Be a good person,not a bad person. very good job. That day he was not at Remember,WWJD (what
  • Gang Definitions, How Do They Work?: What the Juggalos Teach Us About the Inadequacy of Current Anti-Gang Law Zachariah D

    Gang Definitions, How Do They Work?: What the Juggalos Teach Us About the Inadequacy of Current Anti-Gang Law Zachariah D

    Marquette Law Review Volume 97 Article 6 Issue 4 Summer 2014 Gang Definitions, How Do They Work?: What the Juggalos Teach Us About the Inadequacy of Current Anti-Gang Law Zachariah D. Fudge [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr Part of the Criminal Law Commons Repository Citation Zachariah D. Fudge, Gang Definitions, How Do They Work?: What the Juggalos Teach Us About the Inadequacy of Current Anti-Gang Law, 97 Marq. L. Rev. 979 (2014). Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol97/iss4/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marquette Law Review by an authorized administrator of Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FUDGE FINAL 7-8-14 (DO NOT DELETE) 7/9/2014 8:40 AM GANG DEFINITIONS, HOW DO THEY WORK?: WHAT THE JUGGALOS TEACH US ABOUT THE INADEQUACY OF CURRENT ANTI-GANG LAW Precisely what constitutes a gang has been a hotly contested academic issue for a century. Recently, this problem has ceased to be purely academic and has developed urgent, real-world consequences. Almost every state and the federal government has enacted anti-gang laws in the past several decades. These anti-gang statutes must define ‘gang’ in order to direct police suppression efforts and to criminally punish gang members or associates. These statutory gang definitions are all too often vague and overbroad, as the example of the Juggalos demonstrates.
  • Gangs Beyond Borders

    Gangs Beyond Borders

    Gangs Beyond Borders California and the Fight Against Transnational Organized Crime March 2014 Kamala D. Harris California Attorney General Gangs Beyond Borders California and the Fight Against Transnational Organized Crime March 2014 Kamala D. Harris California Attorney General Message from the Attorney General California is a leader for international commerce. In close proximity to Latin America and Canada, we are a state laced with large ports and a vast interstate system. California is also leading the way in economic development and job creation. And the Golden State is home to the digital and innovation economies reshaping how the world does business. But these same features that benefit California also make the state a coveted place of operation for transnational criminal organizations. As an international hub, more narcotics, weapons and humans are trafficked in and out of California than any other state. The size and strength of California’s economy make our businesses, financial institutions and communities lucrative targets for transnational criminal activity. Finally, transnational criminal organizations are relying increasingly on cybercrime as a source of funds – which means they are frequently targeting, and illicitly using, the digital tools and content developed in our state. The term “transnational organized crime” refers to a range of criminal activity perpetrated by groups whose origins often lie outside of the United States but whose operations cross international borders. Whether it is a drug cartel originating from Mexico or a cybercrime group out of Eastern Europe, the operations of transnational criminal organizations threaten the safety, health and economic wellbeing of all Americans, and particularly Californians.
  • High-Performance, Flame-Retardant Material Results in Battery Connector That Can Take the Heat

    High-Performance, Flame-Retardant Material Results in Battery Connector That Can Take the Heat

    Case Study High-performance, Flame-retardant Material Results in Battery Connector that Can Take the Heat Sustainability To address the environmental issues, SMK also was looking for non-halogenated and bio-based materials that would meet those parameters. Solution The DuPont Japan sales team joined forces with the SMK design team in Japan to initiate the project and to do the material recommendation. Technical teams from SMK and DuPont China then collaborated to run the trial at the SMK facility in China. The onsite technical support from DuPont China’s technical team also optimized the processing for the cell phone battery connector. The great team collaboration helped ensure the mass production of the component. Phone shown does not use SMK battery connector. Project Meets the demands of reflow soldering DuPont’s high-performance material, Zytel® HTN flame-retardant When a global cell phone supplier wanted products that are safer and non-halogenated grade, proved to be a superior material for consumers, they turned to SMK with a request: help us develop for overcoming out-gassing during the production of the battery a battery connector that is flame retardant. connector and blistering during the reflow soldering process. DuPont delivered the technical expertise and high-performance Max reflow peak top temperature (degC) material that allowed SMK to successfully launch a new flame- conditioning: 85C85%RH, 168Hrs retardant battery connector. 280 SMK produces connectors for electronics such as cell phones, digital 275 home appliances, and wearable devices. With an SMK design center in Japan and a production site in China, the project required 270 a high level of cross-region coordination and communication.
  • The Dealership of Tomorrow 2.0: America’S Car Dealers Prepare for Change

    The Dealership of Tomorrow 2.0: America’S Car Dealers Prepare for Change

    The Dealership of Tomorrow 2.0: America’s Car Dealers Prepare for Change February 2020 An independent study by Glenn Mercer Prepared for the National Automobile Dealers Association The Dealership of Tomorrow 2.0 America’s Car Dealers Prepare for Change by Glenn Mercer Introduction This report is a sequel to the original Dealership of Tomorrow: 2025 (DOT) report, issued by NADA in January 2017. The original report was commissioned by NADA in order to provide its dealer members (the franchised new-car dealers of America) perspectives on the changing automotive retailing environment. The 2017 report was intended to offer “thought starters” to assist dealers in engaging in strategic planning, looking ahead to roughly 2025.1 In early 2019 NADA determined it was time to update the report, as the environment was continuing to shift. The present document is that update: It represents the findings of new work conducted between May and December of 2019. As about two and a half years have passed since the original DOT, focused on 2025, was issued, this update looks somewhat further out, to the late 2020s. Disclaimers As before, we need to make a few things clear at the outset: 1. In every case we have tried to link our forecast to specific implications for dealers. There is much to be said about the impact of things like electric vehicles and connected cars on society, congestion, the economy, etc. But these impacts lie far beyond the scope of this report, which in its focus on dealerships is already significant in size. Readers are encouraged to turn to academic, consulting, governmental and NGO reports for discussion of these broader issues.
  • The Magic Lantern Gazette a Journal of Research Volume 26, Number 1 Spring 2014

    The Magic Lantern Gazette a Journal of Research Volume 26, Number 1 Spring 2014

    ISSN 1059-1249 The Magic Lantern Gazette A Journal of Research Volume 26, Number 1 Spring 2014 The Magic Lantern Society of the United States and Canada www.magiclanternsociety.org 2 Above: Fig. 3 and detail. Right and below: Fig. 5 Color figures (see interior pages for complete captions) Cover Article 3 Outstanding Colorists of American Magic Lantern Slides Terry Borton American Magic-Lantern Theater P.O. Box 44 East Haddam CT 06423-0044 [email protected] They knocked the socks off their audiences, these colorists did. They wowed their critics. They created slides that shimmered like opals. They made a major contribution to the success of the best lantern presentations. Yet they received little notice in their own time, and have received even less in ours. Who were these people? Who created the best color for the commercial lantern slide companies? Who colored the slides that helped make the best lecturers into superstars? What were their secrets—their domestic and foreign inspirations, their hidden artistic techniques—the elements that made them so outstanding? What was the “revolution” in slide coloring, and who followed in the footsteps of the revolutionaries? When we speak of “colorists” we are usually referring to The lantern catalogs offered hundreds of pages of black and those who hand-colored photographic magic lantern slides white images—both photographs and photographed illustra- in the years 1850–1940. Nevertheless, for two hundred tions—to be used by the thousands of small-time showmen years, from the 1650s, when the magic lantern was in- operating in churches and small halls.
  • Participating in a Place-Based Employment Initiative Lessons from the Jobs-Plus Demonstration in Public Housing

    Participating in a Place-Based Employment Initiative Lessons from the Jobs-Plus Demonstration in Public Housing

    Participating in a Place-Based Employment Initiative Lessons from the Jobs-Plus Demonstration in Public Housing Linda Yuriko Kato November 2003 Jobs-Plus Funding Partners U.S. Department of Housing and The Rockefeller Foundation Urban Development The Joyce Foundation U.S. Department of Health and The Annie E. Casey Foundation Human Services The James Irvine Foundation U.S. Department of Labor Surdna Foundation, Inc. Northwest Area Foundation The Stuart Foundation BP Washington Mutual Foundation Dissemination of MDRC publications is also supported by the following foundations that help finance MDRC’s public policy outreach and expanding efforts to communicate the results and implications of our work to policymakers, practitioners, and others: The Atlantic Philanthropies; the Alcoa, Ambrose Monell, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Fannie Mae, Ford, Grable, and Starr Foundations; and the Open Society Institute. The findings and conclusions in this report do not necessarily represent the official positions or policies of the funders. For information about MDRC® and copies of our publications, see our Web site: www.mdrc.org. Copyright © 2003 by MDRC. All rights reserved. Overview Is it feasible to engage large numbers of public housing residents when employment services are offered right in their own housing developments? This is one of the many questions that the Jobs- Plus Community Revitalization Initiative for Public Housing Families (“Jobs-Plus” for short) is trying to answer. Since 1998, Jobs-Plus has been under way in six cities in an attempt to raise the employment and earnings of residents of “low-work, high-welfare” public housing developments. Jobs-Plus offers residents employment-related services, rent reforms and other financial work incentives that help to “make work pay,” and community support to strengthen work-sustaining activities among residents.
  • Explaining the Slight Uptick in Violence in Tijuana

    Explaining the Slight Uptick in Violence in Tijuana

    JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY EXPLAINING THE SLIGHT UPTICK IN VIOLENCE IN TIJUANA BY NATHAN P. JONES, PH.D. ALFRED C. GLASSELL III POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW IN DRUG POLICY JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 17, 2013 Explaining the Slight Uptick in Violence in Tijuana THESE PAPERS WERE WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN A BAKER INSTITUTE RESEARCH PROJECT. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THESE PAPERS ARE REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE THEY ARE RELEASED. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THESE PAPERS ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S), AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. © 2013 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. 2 Explaining the Slight Uptick in Violence in Tijuana Introduction After a two-year decline in drug-related violence in Tijuana, seven homicides were reported in a two-day period in early June 2013.1 The homicides are notable because Tijuana is one of the few places in Mexico where drug violence has spiked and subsequently subsided. This white paper explores the reasons behind the limited increase in violence and provides policy recommendations to address it. Between 2008-2010, drug-related violence between two factions of the Arellano Felix cartel nearly brought Tijuana to its knees.2 However, the 2010 arrest of a top cartel lieutenant brought relative peace to the city, prompting the administration of former Mexico president Felipe Calderón to promote Tijuana as a public safety success story.
  • HISTORY of STREET GANGS in the UNITED STATES By: James C

    HISTORY of STREET GANGS in the UNITED STATES By: James C

    Bureau of Justice Assistance U.S. Department of Justice NATIO N AL GA ng CE N TER BULLETI N No. 4 May 2010 HISTORY OF STREET GANGS IN THE UNITED STATES By: James C. Howell and John P. Moore Introduction The first active gangs in Western civilization were reported characteristics of gangs in their respective regions. by Pike (1873, pp. 276–277), a widely respected chronicler Therefore, an understanding of regional influences of British crime. He documented the existence of gangs of should help illuminate key features of gangs that operate highway robbers in England during the 17th century, and in these particular areas of the United States. he speculates that similar gangs might well have existed in our mother country much earlier, perhaps as early as Gang emergence in the Northeast and Midwest was the 14th or even the 12th century. But it does not appear fueled by immigration and poverty, first by two waves that these gangs had the features of modern-day, serious of poor, largely white families from Europe. Seeking a street gangs.1 More structured gangs did not appear better life, the early immigrant groups mainly settled in until the early 1600s, when London was “terrorized by a urban areas and formed communities to join each other series of organized gangs calling themselves the Mims, in the economic struggle. Unfortunately, they had few Hectors, Bugles, Dead Boys … who found amusement in marketable skills. Difficulties in finding work and a place breaking windows, [and] demolishing taverns, [and they] to live and adjusting to urban life were equally common also fought pitched battles among themselves dressed among the European immigrants.
  • Police Response to Gangs: a Multi-Site Study

    Police Response to Gangs: a Multi-Site Study

    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Police Response to Gangs: A Multi-Site Study Author(s): Charles M. Katz; Vincent J. Webb Document No.: 205003 Date Received: April 2004 Award Number: 98-IJ-CX-0078 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Police Response to Gangs: A Multi-Site Study 1 Prepared for the National Institute of Justice by Charles M. Katz Vincent J. Webb Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology December 2003 Phoenix, Arizona 1 This research report was funded by the National Institute of Justice, Grant No. 1998-IJ-CX-0078. The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the National Institute of Justice. Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Research Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................ i Research Design and Methodology.................................................................................. i Research Results and Conclusions..................................................................................ii