“Allegory” of Hagar and Sarah Galatians 4 Continues with Themes That We Have Seen in in the First
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It Is for Freedom That Christ Has Set Us Free. Stand Firm, Then, and Do Not Be Encumbered Once More by a Yoke of Slavery
Galatians It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be encumbered once more by a yoke of slavery. Galatians 5:1 Galatians 4 1 What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, although he is the owner of everything. 2 He is subject to guardians and trustees until the date set by his father. 3 So also, when we were children, we were enslaved under the basic principles of the world. Galatians 4 4 But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those under the law, that we might receive our adoption as sons. 6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!” 7 So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, you are also an heir through God. Galatians 4 1 What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, although he is the owner of everything. 2 He is subject to guardians and trustees until the date set by his father. 3 So also, when we were children, we were enslaved under the basic principles of the world. Galatians 4 4 But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those under the law, that we might receive our adoption as sons. -
Through the Bible Study Galatians 5-6
THROUGH THE BIBLE STUDY GALATIANS 5-6 Perched atop our nation’s Capitol in Washington DC is a twenty-foot statue known as the “Freedom Lady." She was sculpted in Rome and imported to America. But during the delivery, the ship encountered a bitter storm - howling winds, and huge waves. The seas were so severe the captain feared the boat might capsize so he ordered the cargo thrown overboard. But when the crew went to toss over the "Freedom Lady”, the skipper stopped them. He shouted over the noise of the storm, "No, never! We'll flounder before we throw "Freedom" away." And this is Paul's message in Galatians 5, "Never throw away your freedom!" Yet many Christians do. Legalism is the storm that rocks the boat of faith. It’s the mentality that a right standing with God is up to me. God will reject me unless I do this or that… Whether the rules I try to keep come from God or of my own making, or they’re part of a tradition - the idea is the same... Our work proves our worthiness. Yet the Gospel of grace teaches us just the opposite. There is nothing we can do to earn God’s favor. On our own, even the most obedient among us are unworthy. But God extends His grace. On the cross, Jesus did all that needed to be done to resolve our sin and earn for us God’s favor. Now, our job is to simply humble ourselves and !1 put our faith in the merits of another. -
FREE to RUN Galatians 5:1-15
Free at Last Free to Run Dr. David Platt January 4, 2009 FREE TO RUN Galatians 5:1-15 If you have a Bible, and I hope you do, let me invite you to open with me to Galatians 5. We find ourselves in Galatians 5 this morning; I find myself one week out from a marathon. It is appropriate that the text that we're looking at this morning actually talks about running a race. So, we come to this text in Galatians 5 where Paul's talking about running a race, and it's a very important part in the whole book of Galatians. We've already seen up to this point, Galatians is kind of divided in a sense into two chapter blocks. Galatians 1 and 2 went together to really show us how we're saved by grace alone through faith alone. Then, Galatians 3 and 4 go together to show us how it's grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone. He's supreme, and it's by Christ that we are delivered from slavery into sonship. We're not slaves, we're sons in a relationship with God. So, we've seen that to this point. It's been pretty deeply theological, and what we have in Galatians 5...not that Paul hasn’t given us anything practical to this point; he has, but there is a decided shift from gospel theology to gospel practice; gospel theology to gospel living. That's what we're going to see in Galatians 5, and he's going to talk about running a race and how the Galatians have been running a race and now they're off track. -
Walking by the Spirit (Galatians 5:16-26)
“Walking by the Spirit” GALATIANS 5:16-26 Baxter T. Exum (#1217) Four Lakes ChurCh of Christ Madison, WisConsin June 9, 2013 If you were with us last week, then you know that we started looking at a passage near the end of Galatians 5. We studied the freedom we have in Jesus Christ, we thought about the fact that this freedom comes with great responsibility, the responsibility to make good decisions and we studied the flesh. The flesh, according to the apostle Paul, is basically a worldly way of thinking. The flesh is the part of us that makes some rather selfish decisions, decisions where we rely on what we want to do instead of relying on what God would want us to do. We learned that we are born with a God-shaped hole in our hearts, and the flesh represents our desire to fill that hole with something other than God. The flesh is the part of us that gives sin a chance. We then studied the “deeds of the flesh,” those 15 characteristics of someone who is living a worldly life, and our main point last week was that the Christian life is a constant struggle. The flesh and the spirit are opposed to one another. As Christians, we are not to give in, we are not to give up, we are not to get discouraged, but we are to constantly be pushing back against the flesh. We are to maintain the struggle, and it is a struggle that will continue until this life is over. -
Jerusalem, Our Mother: Metalepsis and Intertextuality in Galatians 4:21-31
Westminster Theological Journal 55 (1993) 299-320. Copyright © 1993 by Westminster Theological Seminary, cited with permission. JERUSALEM, OUR MOTHER: METALEPSIS AND INTERTEXTUALITY IN GALATIANS 4:21-31 KAREN H. JOBES Be glad, 0 barren woman, who bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, you who have no labor pains; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband. [Isa 54:1] IN Gal 4:21-31 the apostle Paul performs a hermeneutical tour de force unequaled in the NT. The Christians of Galatia were, unwittingly perhaps, in danger of rejecting the saving grace of Jesus Christ by embrac- ing the covenant of Jewish law expressed in circumcision. In these eleven short verses Paul effects a turnabout with enormous theological implication by arguing that if the Galatians really understood God's law, they would throw out any idea of being circumcised along with those persons who advocated it, because that is what the law itself demands! In a radical historical and theological reversal, Paul claims that Christians, and not Jews, are the promised sons of Abraham and are the true heirs of the promises of the Abrahamic covenant. The Hagar-Sarah trope1 of Gal 4:21-31 is the final argument of a section that begins in 3:1. Betz identifies this section as the probatio of Paul's dis- course, using a term from classical rhetoric.2 The probatio was that section of a first-century deliberative oration in which the heart of the matter was argued. Even if Galatians is not a formal oration, within this section Paul marshals his case against circumcision as proposed by the Judaizers. -
Introduction to Galatians to Paraphrase Biblical Scholar, Timothy George: Galatians Is Different from Every Other Letter Penned by the Apostle Paul
Dr. J. K. Minton August 2021 Introduction to Galatians To paraphrase biblical scholar, Timothy George: Galatians is different from every other letter penned by the Apostle Paul. From beginning to end, the six chapters with 149 verses bristle with passion, sarcasm, and anger. Of course, there is an occasional touch of tenderness—near the middle of the letter, Paul referred to the Galatians as his “dear children” (Galatians 4:19). However, as the context demonstrates, this is the cry of a distraught mother who had to endure the pains of childbirth because her children, who should have known better, were in danger of committing spiritual suicide. Paul was astonished and “perplexed” by their departure from the truth of the gospel. He feared that they had been “bewitched” and deceived. In frustration he dubbed them, as J. B. Phillips translates it, “my dear idiots” (Galatians 3:1).” The Author: Galatians was written by the Apostle Paul, but who was Paul? His letter to the Galatians contains one of his most important autobiographical comments. In Galatians, he wrote of his “previous way of life in Judaism,” his ardor for the “traditions of my fathers,” and his zeal as a persecutor of the Christians (Galatians 1:13–14; cf. Philippians 3:5–6). None of his letters indicate the city of his birth—however, on five occasions in Acts (9:11, 30; 11:25; 21:39; 22:3) he was identified as a native son of Tarsus, the chief city of the Roman province of Cilicia, a major center of commerce, culture, and education. -
Doctrinal Distinctives
DOCTRINAL DISTINCTIVES SCRIPTURES We teach that the Bible is God's complete written revelation to man, with the sixty-six books of the Bible all being fully inspired by the Holy Spirit. Scripture is, inspired by God whether or not the message is understood, trusted in, or obeyed. 2 Peter 1:20-21; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; 2 Timothy 3:16 We teach that the Word of God is inerrant in the original documents since the Holy Spirit superintended the human writers, working through their individual personalities and different writing styles, insuring that the precise literal message was communicated as God intended. We affirm the verbal plenary accuracy of all the facts recorded in scripture. 2 Peter 1:20-21; Matthew 5:18; 24:35; John 16:12-13; 17:17; 2 Timothy 3:15-17; Hebrews 4:12 We teach that scripture may have several applications of each passage but there is only one true interpretation. The meaning of God’s Word is determined through the enlightenment of the Holy Spirit as one applies the principles of the grammatical/historical method of interpretation (the normal meaning and usage of the words at the time they were written and in light of the same historical context). Therefore, the Bible is the only authoritative, infallible rule for faith and practice. As we ascertain its truths, it is our responsibility as believers to apply them to our lives. Psalm 19:7-14; John 7:17; 1 Corinthians 2:7-14; 1 John 2:20; 2 Timothy 2:15 GOD We teach that the one and only true God is Spirit: self-existent, infinite, personal, unchangeable, and eternal in His being; perfect in holiness, love, justice, goodness, wisdom, and truth; omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent; creator and sustainer of all things, visible and invisible; both present throughout the universe and transcendent to creation; eternally existent in three persons, one in substance and equal in power and glory – Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. -
Introduction to Paul's Letter to the Galatians
Reading The Greek New Testament www.misselbrook.org.uk/ Galatians Introduction to Paul's Letter to the Galatians Preface Paul's letters are not abstract theological treatises, they are letters written from the heart and addressed to churches for which Paul had an intimate concern. They formed a vital part of Paul's ministry, representing one element of the pastoral oversight of the apostle for churches founded through his ministry. They reflect much of the man and his passion for Christ while equally reflecting the situation and concerns of the congregations to which they were written. Of none is this more evident that the letter to the Galatians. In introducing what may be the first of Paul's letters1, we will trace the story of Paul, from his origins as the Pharisee, Saul of Tarsus, through conversion and commencement of missionary activity, down to the time when he dashed off this letter to the churches of Galatia. I do not apologise for this lengthy introduction; it is my conviction that the letter to the Galatians cannot rightly be understood apart from the experiences which Paul personally had suffered and the controversies which surrounded the birth of the first Gentile churches. In the words of Longenecker: "Whatever its place in the lists of antiquity, the letter to the Galatians takes programmatic primacy for (1) an understanding of Paul's teaching, (2) the establishing of a Pauline chronology, (3) the tracing out of the course of early apostolic history, and (4) the determination of many NT critical and canonical issues. It may even have been the first written of Paul's extant letters. -
Galatians 5:24-26 Commentary
Galatians 5:24-26 Commentary PREVIOUS Magna Carta of Spiritual Emancipation NEXT Click chart to enlarge Charts from Jensen's Survey of the NT - used by permission Click to Enlarge See Also: Paul's First Missionary Journey Paul's Second Missionary Journey Paul's Third Missionary Journey Maps from Holman Bible Atlas (digital book; Hardcover/Paperback version) copyright © 1998 B&H Publishing Group, used by permission, all rights reserved. This is one of the best resources for Bible maps as the maps also include helpful short descriptions of the events portrayed on the maps. SUMMARY CHART: EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS Gospel of Grace Gospel of Grace Gospel of Grace Defended Explained Applied Defense of the Freedom Freedom Gospel from Legalism to Love and to Serve Gal 1:1-2:21 Gal 3:1-4:31 Gal 5:1-6:18 Labor Liberty Life Authority Freedom Spirit Not Opinion Not Bondage Not Flesh Personal Doctrinal Practical Autobiography Accuracy Application Justified by Paul the Paul's Justified by Position and Power of Performance in Faith not the Grace and Law Apostle Authority Faith not Practice of Liberty Liberty Law Cannot Co-Exist Works Liberty (Gal 3:10- (Gal 4:21-31) (Gal 1:1-24) (Gal 2:1-21) (Gal 3:1-9) (Gal 5:1-15) (Gal 5:16-26) (Gal 6:1-18) 4:20) Vindication Exposition Application Testimonial and Doctrinal and Practical and Apologetic Argumentative Hortatory Biographical Doctrinal Practical Explanation Exposition Exhortation Authentication Argumentation Application of Liberty for Liberty of Liberty Style or Tone: Vigorous, blunt, aggressive, direct, corrective, urgent, brief, righteous anger, strong words Theme: Justification by Faith and not by Works of the Law Author: Paul in large letters (Gal 6:11) Recipients: Churches in Galatia (Gal 1:2) (Most likely the Southern Region) Christ in Galatians: Jesus is the Source and Power for the believer's New Life. -
2021-Galatians 4--O
Grip on Grace Studies in Galatians Lesson 4: Paul Rebukes Peter Galatians 2:11-21 11 When Peter came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he was clearly in the wrong. 12 Before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. 13 The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray. 14 When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Peter in front of them all, "You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs? 15 "We who are Jews by birth and not 'Gentile sinners' 16 know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified. 17 "If, while we seek to be justified in Christ, it becomes evident that we ourselves are sinners, does that mean that Christ promotes sin? Absolutely not! 18 If I rebuild what I destroyed, I prove that I am a lawbreaker. 19 For through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God. -
Towards a Communal Reading of Paul: Galatians As a Test Case”
“Towards a Communal Reading of Paul: Galatians as a Test Case” Johann D. Kim Colorado Christian University “What life have you if you have not life together? There is no life that is not in community, And no community not lived in praise of God.”1 Introduction There is no doubt that American society is deeply individualistic. Modern American individualism has been celebrated by some to be the source of individual freedom, self- development, and dignity.2 However, it has increasingly been criticized by sociologists and political scientists who view it as a danger to American society and democracy.3 It has also been accused of hindering American Christians from seeing a communal nature of Christian faith.4 It is generally acknowledged that the Enlightenment brought individualism to the western world. Darrel Guder, however, argues that the roots of western individualism go deeper than the Enlightenment itself: “The reductionism of the Christian understanding of salvation… prepares the way for modern individualism”5 What he means by the “reductionism” is a narrow 1 From T. S. Eliot, “Choruses from ‘The Rock,’” in The Complete Poems and Plays, 1909-1950 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1952), 101. 2 Steven Lukes, “Types of Individualism,” in Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas, ed. Philip P. Wiener, vol. 2 (New York: Scribner, 1973), 594-604. It was Alex de Tocqueville’s observations on American life that made American individualism well known (Democracy in America, 2 vols., [New York: Knopf, 1966). 3 See Robert N. Bellah, et al., Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life (New York: Harper and Row, 1985); Robert D. -
Week 3: Freedom from Uniformity Read Galatians 2:1-14
Week 3: Freedom from Uniformity Read Galatians 2:1-14 This lesson is about three things: 1) Conflict resolution in the church 2) The Jerusalem Conference between Paul and the apostles 3) The words “truth” and “grace” Introduction If you wander through the old Jerusalem today, you will come to an interior courtyard, bounded on all sides by grey-brown walls that dominate the architecture of the old city. Nestled into one corner of the courtyard is the entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This is the church that was built on the most traditional site of the tomb of Jesus, as well as what has been viewed as the place of his crucifixion. Scholars believe that site of the church had been a place of veneration for the early Christians, and that Roman emperor Hadrian built a temple to the goddess Venus on the site, as a deliberate affront to the growing Christian movement. Emperor Constantine in the fourth century converted to Christianity, and ordered the temple to be destroyed and a church built there. Early sources say that his mother Helena found the true cross and the tomb on the site as the excavations were underway to build the church. Since that day, a church has been on that site, sometimes destroyed and then rebuilt in the shifting control of the city throughout history. If you go as a pilgrim to see the church, you might be struck by two things. First, you would encounter the wide breadth and diversity of the Christian devotion. On a recent visit, I was moved by a French nun lying prostrate on the floor in one of the small chapels, praying and weeping.