City of Glendale South Glendale Historic Context Statement September 30, 2014 HISTORIC RESOURCES GROUP 12 S. Fair Oaks Avenue, Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91105-1915 Telephone 626-793-2400, Facsimile 626-793-2401 www.historicla.com South Glendale Community Plan • City of Glendale, CA Appendix A.1 DRAFT 9 Jan 2018 PREPARED FOR City of Glendale Planning Division 633 E. Broadway Glendale, CA 91206 Attn: Jay Platt, Senior Urban Designer City of Glendale South Glendale Historic Context HISTORIC RESOURCES GROUP South Glendale Community Plan • City of Glendale, CA Appendix A.1 DRAFT 9 Jan 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Summary 4 Project Introduction 5 Guidelines for Evaluation 9 Historic Context 18 Context: Early History & Development (Pre-1771-1881) 24 Theme: Native Americans: The Gabrielinos (Pre-1771) 24 Theme: Spanish Colonization and The Mission San Gabriel Arcangel (1771-1822) 25 Theme: Rancho San Fafael and the Great Partition (1822-1871) 25 Property Types & Registration Requirements 26 Context: Early Development & Town Settlement (1872-1918) 28 Property Types & Registration Requirements 57 Context: Single-Family Residential Development (1919-1979) 61 Theme: Pre-World War II Automobile Suburbs (1919-1944) 61 Sub-theme: 1920s Hillside Development 69 Property Types & Registration Requirements 74 Theme: Post-World War II Single-Family Residential Development (1945-1979) 79 Property Types & Registration Requirements 85 Context: Multi-Family Residential Development (1910-2000) 89 Theme: Pre-World War II Multi-Family Residential Development (1910-1944) 89 Property Types & Registration Requirements 96 Theme: Post-World War II Multi-Family Residential Development (1945-1979) 99 Property Types & Registration Requirements 104 Theme: Late 20th Century Multi-Family Residential Resurgence (1980-2000) 107 Property Types & Registration Requirements 110 Context: Commercial Development (1919-2000) 112 Theme: Commercial Building Boom (1919-1929) 112 Property Types & Registration Requirements 121 Theme: Commercial Development – Great Depression and World War II (1930-1944) 124 Property Types & Registration Requirements 128 Theme: Post-World War II Commercial Development (1945-1969) 131 Property Types & Registration Requirements 140 Theme: Redevelopment and Revitalization (1970-2000) 143 Property Types & Registration Requirements 153 Context: Industrial Development 156 Theme: Industrial Development (1890-1955) 156 Sub-theme: Early Motion Picture Studios (1909-c.1927) 160 Property Types & Registration Requirements 164 City of Glendale South Glendale Historic Context HISTORIC RESOURCES GROUP South Glendale Community Plan • City of Glendale, CA Appendix A.1 DRAFT 9 Jan 2018 Context: Institutions and Community (1919-2000) 167 Theme: Pre-World War II Civic and Institutional Development (1919-1944) 167 Property Types & Registration Requirements 188 Theme: Post-World War II Civic and Institutional Development (1945-2000) 191 Property Types & Registration Requirements 203 Context: Architecture and Design 206 Bibliography 241 Appendix A: Identified Historic Resources City of Glendale South Glendale Historic Context HISTORIC RESOURCES GROUP South Glendale Community Plan • City of Glendale, CA Appendix A.1 DRAFT 9 Jan 2018 PROJECT SUMMARY This Citywide Historic Context Statement was prepared at the request of the City of Glendale, and was funded in part by a grant through the Certified Local Government (CLG) program. In July 2014, the City contracted with Historic Resources Group for the preparation of the Historic Context Statement. It follows the guidance outlined for the development of historic contexts in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation, along with National Register Bulletin 16B: How to Complete the National Register Multiple Property Documentation Form. The activity which is the subject of this Historic Context Statement has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, through the California Office of Historic Preservation. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental federally-assisted programs on the basis of race, color, sex, age, disability, or national origin. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service P.O. Box 37127 Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 City of Glendale 4 South Glendale Historic Context HISTORIC RESOURCES GROUP South Glendale Community Plan • City of Glendale, CA Appendix A.1 DRAFT 9 Jan 2018 Introduction PROJECT TEAM The City of Glendale received a State of California Certified Local Government (CLG) grant for the period 2013-2014 to prepare a historic context statement for the South Glendale Community Plan area (identified in the map on page 8). It was developed by Historic Resources Group, including Christine Lazzaretto, Principal; Sian Winship, Architectural Historian; and Robby Aranguren, Planning Associate. All three meet the Secretary of the Interior's qualifications in historic preservation.1 Coordination of the project on behalf of the City was administered by Jay Platt, Senior Urban Designer. Project review and oversight from the California Office of Historic Preservation was provided by Amanda Blosser. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The City of Glendale is committed to the preservation of its historic buildings, neighborhoods, and sites as part of its overall goal of planning for the future. The South Glendale Community Plan is currently being prepared as an update to the General Plan in order to promote, enhance, and regulate future development in Southern Glendale. The South Glendale Historic Context will serve to inform the Community Plan as well as the required environmental review. The South Glendale Historic Context will be an important component of the Community Plan and will assist in the identification and protection of historic resources, as well as inform other aspects of the Plan such as policy recommendations, zoning changes, and design review. HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENTS In order to understand the significance of the historic and architectural resources in the City of Glendale, it is necessary to examine those resources within a series of contexts. By placing built resources in the appropriate historic, social, and architectural context, the relationship between an area’s physical environment and its broader history can be established. A historic context statement analyzes the historical development of a community according to guidelines written by the National Park Service and specified in National Register Bulletin 16A: Historic context is information about historic trends and properties grouped by an important theme in pre-history or history of a community, state, or the nation during a particular period of time. Because historic contexts are organized by theme, place, and time, they link historic properties to important historic trends. In this way, they provide a framework for determining the significance of a property.2 1 Federal Register, Vol. 48, No. 190, p. 44738-44739, September 29, 1983. 2 National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin 16A: How to Complete the National Register Registration Form,” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997, 4. City of Glendale 5 South Glendale Historic Context HISTORIC RESOURCES GROUP South Glendale Community Plan • City of Glendale, CA Appendix A.1 DRAFT 9 Jan 2018 A historic context statement is linked with tangible built resources through the concept of “property type,” a grouping of individual properties based on shared physical or associative characteristics. It should identify the various historical factors that shaped the development of the area, including: Historical activities or events Historic personages Building types, architectural styles, and materials Patterns of physical development A historic context statement is not a comprehensive history of an area. Rather, it is intended to highlight trends and patterns critical to the understanding of the built environment. It provides a framework for the continuing process of identifying historic, architectural, and cultural resources. It may also serve as a guide to enable citizens, planners, and decision-makers to evaluate the relative significance and integrity of individual properties. Specific examples referred to in this context statement are included to illustrate physical and associative characteristics of each resource type. METHODOLOGY South Glendale contains the historic heart of the City. Residential neighborhoods and commercial districts in South Glendale include numerous historic resources, dating from the late 19th century through significant periods of 20th-century development. Understanding the history of the built environment in this area of Glendale is particularly important, given its historical significance and current development pressures. The South Glendale context will use the National Register of Historic Places Multiple