Ramdurg Taluk, Belgaum District, Karnataka
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Draft Report क� द्र�यभू�म �ल बो जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास और गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Government of India Report on AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Ramdurg Taluk, Belgaum District, Karnataka द��ण पि�चमी �ेत, ब�गलोर South Western Region,Bengaluru FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Government of India Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation Central Ground Water Board RAMDURG TALUK AQUIFER MAPS AND MANAGEMENT PLANS, BELGAUM DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE By Dr. M. A. FAROOQI Scientist ‘D’ Central Ground Water Board South Western Region Bangalore March 2017 RAMDURG TALUK AQUIFER MAPS AND MANAGEMENT PLANS, BELGAUM DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE CONTENTS Sl. Page Chapter Title No. Nos. 1 Salient Information 1 2 Aquifer Disposition 6 Ground Water Resource, Extraction, 7 3 Contamination and other Issues 4 Ground Water Resource Enhancement 10 5 Demand Side Interventions 11 RAMDURG TALUK AQUIFER MAPS AND MANAGEMENT PLANS, BELGAUM DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE 1. SALIENT INFORMATION Name of the taluk : RAMDURG District : Belgaum State : Karnataka Area : 1,223 sq.km. Population : 2,58,527 Annual Normal Rainfall : 545 mm 1.1 Aquifer management study area Aquifer mapping studies were carried out in Ramdurg taluk, Belgaum district of Karnataka, covering an area of 1,387 sq.kms under National Aquifer Mapping Project. Ramdurg taluk of Belgaum district is located between north latitude 15o46’46.9” and16o12’36.0” & east longitude 75o04’16.3” and 75o27’36.7”, and is covered in parts of Survey of India Toposheet Nos. 48M/1, 48M/5, 47P/4 and 47P/8. Ramdurg taluk is bounded by Mudhol and Gokak taluks on north, Nargund and Soundatti taluks on south, Badami taluk on east and Saundatti taluk on western side. Location map of Ramdurg taluk of Belgaum district is presented in Fig-1. RAMDURG TALUK Fig 1: Location Map of Ramdurg taluk, Belgaum district, Karnataka Ramdurg Taluka, with population of about 2.6 lakh is the second least populous and economically quite backward taluk of Belgaum district. Taluk administration of Ramdurg is divided into 4 Hoblies and 37 Gram Panchayaths. Ramdurg is the largest town in taluk, which is the taluk and district headquarter also. There are 115 villages in the taluk, out of which only one village is uninhabited. Out of these 115 villages in the taluk, Katakol is the most populous 1 village with population of about 13 thousand and Gudagumnal is the least populous village with population of 153. Area wise, Katakol is the biggest village in the taluk with an area of 58 km2 and Maradagi is the smallest with 1 km2 area. 1.2 Population According to 2011 census, the population in Ramdurg taluk is 2,58,527 of which rural population is 2,23,727 constituting about 87%, and the urban population is 34,800, constituting about 13% of the total population. In the era of urbanisation, Ramdurg taluk presents an entirely different scenario, a negative decadal growth of 5% in Urban population. The taluk has an overall population density of 211 persons per sq.km and showed a decadal increase of about 13.68% during 2001-2011. 1.3 Rainfall Ramdurg taluk enjoys semi-arid climate. Dryness and hot weather prevails in major part of the year. The area falls under Northern Dry agro-climatic zone of Karnataka state and is categorized as drought prone. The climate of the study area is quite agreeable and free from extremes. The year is usually divided into four seasons: summer from March to May; rainy season or south-west monsoon season from June to September; post-monsoon season covering the months of October and November and dry or winter Season from December to February. The normal annual rainfall in Ramdurg taluk for the period 1981 to 2010 is 545 mm. Seasonal rainfall pattern indicates that, major amount of (326 mm) rainfall is received during South-West Monsoon seasons, which contributes to about 60% of the annual normal rainfall, followed by North-East Monsoon season (148 mm) constituting about 27% and remaining (70 mm) 13% during pre-monsoon season (Table-1). Computations were carried out for the 30 year blocks of 1981- 2010, the mean monthly rainfall in Ramdurg taluk is ranging between 0 mm during January to 117 mm during October. The coefficient of variation percent for pre-monsoon, monsoon and post- monsoon season is 51, 39 and 43 percent respectively. Annual CV at this station works out to be 26 percent (Table-1). Table-1: Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Data of Ramdurg Taluk, Belgaum District, Karnataka (1981 to 2010) Station JAN FEB MAR APR MAY PRE JUN JUL AUG SEP SW OCT NOV DEC NE Annual NORM 0 2 6 12 50 70 88 58 64 117 326 114 31 4 148 545 Ramdurg STDEV 0 9 21 14 35 36 70 35 41 79 127 60 48 10 64 140 CV% 387 479 348 111 69 51 80 60 64 68 39 53 156 247 43 26 2 Based on occurrence and frequency of past drought events, the probability of occurrence of various intensities of drought at each station has been studied. It has been observed that the frequency of occurrence of drought is once in 4 years at Ramdurg taluk. 1.4 Agriculture and Irrigation Agriculture is the main occupation in Ramdurg taluk. Jowar is major crop, grown in almost half of the total crop area followed by pulses, vegetables, oilseeds and Cotton covering about 18%, 12%, 8% and 7% of the total crop area respectively. Amongst the water-intensive crops, while paddy cultivation is almost negligible, sugarcane is grown in almost 14% of the crop area, complementing the net area irrigated by canals. Table 2: Cropping pattern in Ramdurg taluk 2014-2015 (Ha) s s e d s e s e t ar e dy z abl e s t d w ui r ai s r e a ul o a l Bajra g F i M J P e Cotton Wheat P e O Sugarcane Y V Area under cultivation (in ha) 2014 -15 09 17069 2366 27335 6143 18677 241 4385 13477 15927 5181 It is observed that net sown area accounts for about 46.8% of total geographical area, while area sown more than once is 44.8% of total geographical area in the taluk (Table-3). It is partially due to surface water availability through canals in the taluk. Ground water caters to almost 83% of the irrigated area, primarily due to the presence of large number of irrigation Dug wells, which cater to almost half of the irrigated area of the taluk. Borewells cater to almost one third of the irrigated area of the taluk (Table-4). Table 3: Details of land use in Ramdurg taluk 2014-2015 (Ha) Total Area Area not Net Area sown Fallow Taluk Geographical under available for sown more than land Area Forest cultivation area once Ramdurg 1,21,542 15,081 9,161 39,139 56,962 54,468 Source: District at a glance 2014-15, Govt. of Karnataka Table 4: Irrigation details in Ramdurg taluk (Ha) Net area irrigated Source of Irrigation % of area (Ha) Canals 6,120 13/% Tanks 0 0 Wells 22,725 49% Bore wells 15,435 34% Lift Irrigation 0 0 Other Sources 1,727 4% Total 45,917 Source: District at a Glance 2014-15, Government of Karnataka 3 1.5 Geomorphology, Physiography and Drainage Geomorphologically, the taluk is a rugged and undulating terrain, traversed by chains of detached hills trending in east - west direction. Elevation in the taluk ranges from 526 m to 560 m amsl. An area of 638.33 sq. km in the taluk is covered by plain topography, 2.62 Sq. km by piedmont zone and 658.4 sq km by hills and plateaus (Fig-2). The taluk is a part of Krishna River Basin, Malapraphaha river flows through the district. The drainage pattern in the taluk is dendritic (Fig-3). Fig 2: Geomorphology Map Fig 3: Drainage Map 1.6 Soil The taluk is having predominantly fertile black soil with varying clayey and sandy mixtures. Red loamy soil cover is also seen in some parts of the taluk. 1.7 Ground water resource availability and extraction Aquifer wise total ground water resources up to 200 m depth is given in Table-5 below. Table 5: Total GW Resources (2013) (Ham) Annual Replenishable Fresh In-storage GW Total availability of fresh GW Taluk GW resources resources resources Fractured Dynamic + Phreatic (down to 200 m) Phreatic in-storage + fractured Ramdurg 5,441 3,875 1,424 10,740 4 1.8 Existing and future water demands (as per GEC-2013) Net ground water availability for future irrigation development : 0.28 MCM Domestic and Industrial sector demand for next 25 years : 5.37 MCM 1.9 Water level behaviour (a) Depth to water level Aquifer - I ** Pre-monsoon: 5.40 - 15.00 mbgl (Fig-4) Post-monsoon: 3.40 - 15.00 mbgl (Fig-5) Aquifer - II Pre-monsoon: 16.71 mbgl Post-monsoon: 13.42 mbgl (b) Water level fluctuation Aquifer-I Seasonal Fluctuation: (Fig-6) Rise, ranges between 0.00 - 2.78 m Aquifer-II Seasonal Fluctuation: Rise, 3.29 m Fig.4: Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level (Aq-I) Fig.5: Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level (Aq-I) 5 Fig.6: Water Level Fluctuation (Aq-I) Fig 7: Geology Map 6 2. AQUIFER DISPOSITION 2.1 Number of aquifers: In Ramdurg taluk, there are mainly two types of aquifer systems; i.