Evolving Languages (5 Steps to Go) [email protected]
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
UNIX and Computer Science Spreading UNIX Around the World: by Ronda Hauben an Interview with John Lions
Winter/Spring 1994 Celebrating 25 Years of UNIX Volume 6 No 1 "I believe all significant software movements start at the grassroots level. UNIX, after all, was not developed by the President of AT&T." Kouichi Kishida, UNIX Review, Feb., 1987 UNIX and Computer Science Spreading UNIX Around the World: by Ronda Hauben An Interview with John Lions [Editor's Note: This year, 1994, is the 25th anniversary of the [Editor's Note: Looking through some magazines in a local invention of UNIX in 1969 at Bell Labs. The following is university library, I came upon back issues of UNIX Review from a "Work In Progress" introduced at the USENIX from the mid 1980's. In these issues were articles by or inter- Summer 1993 Conference in Cincinnati, Ohio. This article is views with several of the pioneers who developed UNIX. As intended as a contribution to a discussion about the sig- part of my research for a paper about the history and devel- nificance of the UNIX breakthrough and the lessons to be opment of the early days of UNIX, I felt it would be helpful learned from it for making the next step forward.] to be able to ask some of these pioneers additional questions The Multics collaboration (1964-1968) had been created to based on the events and developments described in the UNIX "show that general-purpose, multiuser, timesharing systems Review Interviews. were viable." Based on the results of research gained at MIT Following is an interview conducted via E-mail with John using the MIT Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS), Lions, who wrote A Commentary on the UNIX Operating AT&T and GE agreed to work with MIT to build a "new System describing Version 6 UNIX to accompany the "UNIX hardware, a new operating system, a new file system, and a Operating System Source Code Level 6" for the students in new user interface." Though the project proceeded slowly his operating systems class at the University of New South and it took years to develop Multics, Doug Comer, a Profes- Wales in Australia. -
Introduction to Concurrent Programming
Introduction to Concurrent Programming Rob Pike Computing Sciences Research Center Bell Labs Lucent Technologies [email protected] February 2, 2000 1 Overview The world runs in parallel, but our usual model of software does not. Programming languages are sequential. This mismatch makes it hard to write systems software that provides the interface between a computer (or user) and the world. Solutions: processes, threads, concurrency, semaphores, spin locks, message-passing. But how do we use these things? Real problem: need an approach to writing concurrent software that guides our design and implementation. We will present our model for designing concurrent software. It’s been used in several languages for over a decade, producing everything from symbolic algebra packages to window systems. This course is not about parallel algorithms or using multiprocessors to run programs faster. It is about using the power of processes and communication to design elegant, responsive, reliable systems. 2 History (Biased towards Systems) Dijkstra: guarded commands, 1976. Hoare: Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), (paper) 1978. Run multiple communicating guarded command sets in parallel. Hoare: CSP Book, 1985. Addition of channels to the model, rather than directly talking to processes. Cardelli and Pike: Squeak, 1983. Application of CSP model to user interfaces. Pike: Concurrent Window System, (paper) 1988. Application of Squeak approach to systems software. Pike: Newsqueak, 1989. Interpreted language; used to write toy window system. Winterbottom: Alef, 1994. True compiled concurrent language, used to write production systems software. Mullender: Thread library, 1999. Retrofit to C for general usability. 3 Other models exist Our approach is not the only way. -
UTF-8-Plan9-Paper
Hello World or Kαληµε´ρα κο´σµε or Rob Pike Ken Thompson AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 ABSTRACT Plan 9 from Bell Labs has recently been converted from ASCII to an ASCII- compatible variant of Unicode, a 16-bit character set. In this paper we explain the rea- sons for the change, describe the character set and representation we chose, and present the programming models and software changes that support the new text format. Although we stopped short of full internationalizationÐfor example, system error mes- sages are in Unixese, not JapaneseÐwe believe Plan 9 is the first system to treat the rep- resentation of all major languages on a uniform, equal footing throughout all its software. Introduction The world is multilingual but most computer systems are based on English and ASCII. The release of Plan 9 [Pike90], a new distributed operating system from Bell Laboratories, seemed a good occasion to correct this chauvinism. It is easier to make such deep changes when building new systems than by refit- ting old ones. The ANSI C standard [ANSIC] contains some guidance on the matter of ‘wide’ and ‘multi-byte’ characters but falls far short of solving the myriad associated problems. We could find no literature on how to convert a system to larger character sets, although some individual programs had been converted. This paper reports what we discovered as we explored the problem of representing multilingual text at all levels of an operating system, from the file system and kernel through the applications and up to the window sys- tem and display. -
Tiny Tools Gerard J
Tiny Tools Gerard J. Holzmann Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Many programmers like the convenience of integrated development environments (IDEs) when developing code. The best examples are Microsoft’s Visual Studio for Windows and Eclipse for Unix-like systems, which have both been around for many years. You get all the features you need to build and debug software, and lots of other things that you will probably never realize are also there. You can use all these features without having to know very much about what goes on behind the screen. And there’s the rub. If you’re like me, you want to know precisely what goes on behind the screen, and you want to be able to control every bit of it. The IDEs can sometimes feel as if they are taking over every last corner of your computer, leaving you wondering how much bigger your machine would have to be to make things run a little more smoothly. So what follows is for those of us who don’t use IDEs. It’s for the bare metal programmers, who prefer to write code using their own screen editor, and who do everything else with command-line tools. There are no real conveniences that you need to give up to work this way, but what you gain is a better understanding your development environment, and the control to change, extend, or improve it whenever you find better ways to do things. Bare Metal Programming Many developers who write embedded software work in precisely this way. -
The Blit: a Multiplexed Graphics Terminal
The Blit: A Multiplexed Graphics Terminal Rob Pike Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 ABSTRACT The Blit is a programmable bitmap graphics terminal designed specifically to run with the Unix operating system. The software in the terminal provides an asynchronous multi-window environment, and thereby exploits the multiprogramming capabilities of the Unix system which have been largely under-utilized because of the restrictions of conventional terminals. This paper discusses the design motivation of the Blit, gives an overview of the user interface, mentions some of the novel uses of multiprogramming made possible by the Blit, and describes the implementation of the multiplexing facilities on the host and in the terminal. Because most of the functionality is provided by the ter- minal, the discussion focuses on the structure of the terminal’s software. Sometime in 1983 The Blit: A Multiplexed Graphics Terminal Rob Pike Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 Introduction The Blit* is a graphics terminal characterized more by the software it runs than the hardware itself. The hardware is simple and inexpensive (Figure 1): 256K bytes of memory dual-ported between an 800×1024×1 bit display and a Motorola MC68000 microprocessor, with 24K of ROM, an RS-232 interface, a mouse and a keyboard. Unlike many graphics terminals, it has no special-purpose graphics hardware; instead, the microprocessor executes all graphical operations in software. The reasons for and conse- quences of this design are discussed elsewhere.5 The microprocessor may be loaded from the host with custom applications software, but the terminal is rarely used this way. -
Knowledge Management Enviroments for High Throughput Biology
Knowledge Management Enviroments for High Throughput Biology Abhey Shah A Thesis submitted for the degree of MPhil Biology Department University of York September 2007 Abstract With the growing complexity and scale of data sets in computational biology and chemoin- formatics, there is a need for novel knowledge processing tools and platforms. This thesis describes a newly developed knowledge processing platform that is different in its emphasis on architecture, flexibility, builtin facilities for datamining and easy cross platform usage. There exist thousands of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics databases, that are stored in many different forms with different access methods, this is a reflection of the range of data structures that make up complex biological and chemical data. Starting from a theoretical ba- sis, FCA (Formal Concept Analysis) an applied branch of lattice theory, is used in this thesis to develop a file system that automatically structures itself by it’s contents. The procedure of extracting concepts from data sets is examined. The system also finds appropriate labels for the discovered concepts by extracting data from ontological databases. A novel method for scaling non-binary data for use with the system is developed. Finally the future of integrative systems biology is discussed in the context of efficiently closed causal systems. Contents 1 Motivations and goals of the thesis 11 1.1 Conceptual frameworks . 11 1.2 Biological foundations . 12 1.2.1 Gene expression data . 13 1.2.2 Ontology . 14 1.3 Knowledge based computational environments . 15 1.3.1 Interfaces . 16 1.3.2 Databases and the character of biological data . -
Plan 9 from Bell Labs
Plan 9 from Bell Labs “UNIX++ Anyone?” Anant Narayanan Malaviya National Institute of Technology FOSS.IN 2007 What is it? Advanced technology transferred via mind-control from aliens in outer space Humans are not expected to understand it (Due apologies to lisperati.com) Yeah Right • More realistically, a distributed operating system • Designed by the creators of C, UNIX, AWK, UTF-8, TROFF etc. etc. • Widely acknowledged as UNIX’s true successor • Distributed under terms of the Lucent Public License, which appears on the OSI’s list of approved licenses, also considered free software by the FSF What For? “Not only is UNIX dead, it’s starting to smell really bad.” -- Rob Pike (circa 1991) • UNIX was a fantastic idea... • ...in it’s time - 1970’s • Designed primarily as a “time-sharing” system, before the PC era A closer look at Unix TODAY It Works! But that doesn’t mean we don’t develop superior alternates GNU/Linux • GNU’s not UNIX, but it is! • Linux was inspired by Minix, which was in turn inspired by UNIX • GNU/Linux (mostly) conforms to ANSI and POSIX requirements • GNU/Linux, on the desktop, is playing “catch-up” with Windows or Mac OS X, offering little in terms of technological innovation Ok, and... • Most of the “modern ideas” we use today were “bolted” on an ancient underlying system • Don’t believe me? A “modern” UNIX Terminal Where did it go wrong? • Early UNIX, “everything is a file” • Brilliant! • Only until people started adding “features” to the system... Why you shouldn’t be working with GNU/Linux • The Socket API • POSIX • X11 • The Bindings “rat-race” • 300 system calls and counting.. -
Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS) Setup Guide
Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS) Setup Guide June 2021 Department of Veterans Affairs Health Data Systems Computerized Patient Record System Product Line Revision History Project Technical Date Patch Page Change Manager Writer 6/17/2021 OR*3*0*547 30 Added row to GUI Parameters SHRPE SHRPE Menu Options for OTH: GUI Add/Edit Local Message for OTH Button. Added Subsection for GUI 37-38 Add/Edit Local Message for OTH Button 10/16/2019 OR*3.0*397 All Added Revision dated REDACTED REDACTED 3/25/2019 (see below). Checked for 508 Compliance. Removed extra space between some pages. Removed extra Table of Contents from Pharmacy Packages section (G). 07/31/2019 OR*3.0*510 88 Added two NOTE: REDACTED REDACTED 3/25/2019 OR*3.0*397 21 Added ORSUPPLY Key REDACTED REDACTED 08/20/2018 XU*8.0*679 28 Added note regarding Electronic REDACTED REDACTED Signature Block restrictions. 03/30/2011 OR*3.0*272 5, 77, Changed references from REDACTED REDACTED 79, Duplicate Drug Class to 81, Duplicate Drug Therapy. 82, 93, 01/25/2007 OR*3.0*245 123 – Added information about the REDACTED REDACTED 125 new option, ORCM QUICK ORDERS BY USER 11/27/06 OR*3.0*242 182 Added information about the REDACTED REDACTED new way to edit items for the Nature of Order file. 12/30/04 36 Added new information about REDACTED REDACTED document templates. Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS) ii June 2021 Setup Guide Project Technical Date Patch Page Change Manager Writer 10/14/98 138 Added information about ORMTIME 10/15/98 14 Added explanation of global journaling 10/20/98 -
Squinting at Power Series
Squinting at Power Series M. Douglas McIlroy AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 ABSTRACT Data streams are an ideal vehicle for handling power series. Stream implementations can be read off directly from simple recursive equations that de®ne operations such as multiplication, substitution, exponentiation, and reversion of series. The bookkeeping that bedevils these algorithms when they are expressed in traditional languages is completely hidden when they are expressed in stream terms. Communicating processes are the key to the simplicity of the algorithms. Working versions are presented in newsqueak, the language of Pike's ``squint'' system; their effectiveness depends critically on the stream protocol. Series and streams Power series are natural objects for stream processing. Pertinent computations are neatly describable by recursive equations. CSP (communicating sequential process) languages1, 2 are good vehicles for implementation. This paper develops the algorithmic ideas and reduces them to practice in a working CSP language,3 not coincidentally illustrating the utility of concurrent programming notions in untangling the logic of some intricate computations on sequences. This elegant approach to power series computation, ®rst demonstrated but never published by Kahn and MacQueen as an application of their data stream system, is still little known.4 Power series are represented as streams of coef®cients, the exponents being given implicitly by ordinal position. (This is an in®nite analogue of the familiar representation of a polynomial as an array of coef®cients.) Thus the power series for the exponential function ∞ 1 1 1 e x = Σ x n / n! = 1 + x + __ x 2 + __ x 3 + ___ x 4 + . -
Acme As an Interactive Translation Environment
Acme as an Interactive Translation Environment Eric Nichols and Yuji Matsumoto {eric-n,matsu} ߞatߞ is.naist.jp Computational Linguistics Laboratory Nara Institute of Science and Technology ABSTRACT Translation is challenging and repetitive work. Computer-aided transla tion environments attempt to ease the monotony by automating many tasks for human translators, however, it is difficult to design user inter faces that are easy to use but that can also be adapted to a dynamic workflow. This is often a result of a lack of connection between the inter face and the tasks that the user wants to carry out. A better correspon dence between task and interface can be achieved by simplifying how software tools are named. One way of accomplishing this to embrace text as the interface. By providing a simple and consistent semantics for interpreting text as commands, the Acme text editor [1] makes it possible to build a system with a text-centered interface. In this paper we explore the implications this has for translation aid software. 1. Motivation Translation is an essential and important part of human communication. However, it is a very challenging task, requiring the translator to have a complete understanding of and a deep familiarity with the source and target languages. This difficulty is not eased by the fact that fundamentally it is an inherently repetitive task, consisting of looking up unfamiliar words and doing large amounts of editing to produce a good translation. Given these demands, computers provide a good way to ease this repetitiveness by automating lookup and editing; by converting resources like dictionaries, other transla tions, and collections of example sentences to a computer-readable format, lookups can be performed much faster. -
Programming, While at Once Focussing on Fast Compilation and Code Execution
Some Trucs and Machins about Google Go Narbel The Cremi’s Saturdays, Saison I University of Bordeaux 1 April 2010 (v.1.01) 1 / 41 A “New” Language in a Computerizationed World I A magnificent quartet...: I Microsoft: Windows, Internet Explorer (Gazelle?), Microsoft Office, Windows Mobile, C#/F#. I Sun: Solaris, HotJava, StarOffice, SavaJe, Java. I Apple: MacOS, Safari, iWork, iPhoneOS, Objective-C. I Google: ChromeOS, Chrome, Google Docs, Android, Go. I Go: the last brick (born in November 2009). 2 / 41 Objective-C and Go: a new kind of progression...(from www.tiobe.com, April 2010) 3 / 41 Creating New Languages and Tactics... I “Securing” languages for oneself, a modern tactics? e.g.: I Java ← C# (Microsoft). I OCaml ← F# (Microsoft). I C ← Go ? (Google). I In the Go team, some “C/Unix-stars”: I Ken Thompson (Multics, Unix, B, Plan 9, ed, UTF-8, etc. – Turing Award). I Rob Pike (Plan 9, Inferno, Limbo, UTF-8, etc.) 4 / 41 One of the Underlying Purposes of Go...!? I Many recent successful languages are dynamic-oriented, i.e. Python, Ruby, etc. or extensions/avatars of Java, like Clojure and Groovy. I In the official Go tutorial: “It feels like a dynamic language but has the speed and safety of a static language.” I Even if there exist dynamic languages with very efficient compilers (cf. CLOS), Go takes a step out of the current dynamic-oriented trend, and proposes more type-safe programming, while at once focussing on fast compilation and code execution... (i.e. towards high-performance web programming?). 5 / 41 Apart´e:Compiled, Interpreted, Tomato-Souped.. -
Header Manipulation Rules Resource Guide
Oracle® Communications Session Border Controller Header Manipulation Rules Resource Guide Release S-CZ8.0 September 2017 Oracle Communications Session Border Controller Header Manipulation Rules Resource Guide, Release S-CZ8.0 Copyright © 2014, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs.