Rust Diseases of Wheat
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Genome-Wide Association Study for Crown Rust (Puccinia Coronata F. Sp
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 05 March 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00103 Genome-wide association study for crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) resistance in an oat (Avena sativa) collection of commercial varieties and landraces Gracia Montilla-Bascón1†, Nicolas Rispail 1†, Javier Sánchez-Martín1, Diego Rubiales1, Luis A. J. Mur 2 , Tim Langdon 2 , Catherine J. Howarth 2 and Elena Prats1* 1 Institute for Sustainable Agriculture – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain 2 Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, UK Edited by: Diseases caused by crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and powdery mildew Jaime Prohens, Universitat Politècnica (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) are among the most important constraints for the oat de València, Spain crop. Breeding for resistance is one of the most effective, economical, and environmentally Reviewed by: friendly means to control these diseases. The purpose of this work was to identify elite Soren K. Rasmussen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark alleles for rust and powdery mildew resistance in oat by association mapping to aid Fernando Martinez, University of selection of resistant plants. To this aim, 177 oat accessions including white and red oat Seville, Spain cultivars and landraces were evaluated for disease resistance and further genotyped with Jason Wallace, Cornell University, USA 31 simple sequence repeat and 15,000 Diversity ArraysTechnology (DArT) markers to reveal association with disease resistance traits. After data curation, 1712 polymorphic markers *Correspondence: Elena Prats, Institute for Sustainable were considered for association analysis. Principal component analysis and a Bayesian Agriculture – Consejo Superior de clustering approach were applied to infer population structure. -
Puccinia Sorghi), in Maize (Zea Mays
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2020. 32(1): 11-18 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i1.2053 http://www.ejfa.me/ RESEARCH ARTICLE Induced resistance to common rust (Puccinia sorghi), in maize (Zea mays) Carmen Alicia Zúñiga-Silvestre1, Carlos De-León-García-de-Alba1*, Victoria Ayala-Escobar1, Víctor A. González-Hernández2 1Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco Km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, C.P. 56230, México, 2Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco Km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, C.P. 56230, México ABSTRACT The common rust of maize (Zea mays L.), caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw., develops pustules on the leaves of maize plants, reducing the leaf area and production of the photoassimilates necessary for grain filling. The host possesses genes coding for different proteins related to the defense mechanisms that prevent the establishment of the pathogen. However, there are susceptible plants that are unable of preventing pathogen attack. This condition depend on biotic and abiotic factors known as inducers of resistance which are able of activating the physico-chemical or morphological defense processes to counteract the invasion of the pathogen. The Ceres XR21 maize hybrid is susceptible to P. sorghi. In this work, maize hybrid was evaluated under a split-split- plot design established in two spring-autumn cycles in the years 2016 and 2017, in which five commercial products of biological and chemical origin reported as inducers of resistance, plus a fungicide were compared. The results showed that trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole (Consist Max®), sprayed on the foliage with 1.5X the commercially recommended dose, showed significant better response in most evaluated variables, because it controlled better the pathogen P. -
Puccinia Psidii Winter MAY10 Tasmania (C)
MAY10Pathogen of the month – May 2010 a b c Fig. 1. Puccinia psidii; (a) Symptoms on Eucalyptus grandis seedling; (b) Stem distortion and multiple branching caused by repeated infections of E. grandis, (c) Syzygium jambos; (d) Psidium guajava; (e) Urediniospores. Photos: A. Alfenas, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil (a, b,d and e) and M. Glen, University of Tasmania (c). Common Name: Guava rust, Eucalyptus rust d e Winter Disease: Rust in a wide range of Myrtaceous species Classification: K: Fungi, D: Basidiomycota, C: Pucciniomycetes, O: Pucciniales, F: Pucciniaceae Puccinia psidii (Fig. 1) is native to South America and is not present in Australia. It causes rust on a wide range of plant species in the family Myrtaceae. First described on guava, P. psidii became a significant problem in eucalypt plantations in Brazil and also requires control in guava orchards. A new strain of the rust severely affected the allspice industry in Jamaica in the 1930s. P. psidii has spread to Florida, California and Hawaii. In 2007, P. psidii arrived in Japan, on Metrosideros polymorpha cuttings imported from Hawaii. Host Range: epiphytotics on Syzygium jambos in Hawaii, with P. psidii infects young leaves, shoots and fruits of repeated defoliations able to kill 12m tall trees. many species of Myrtaceae. Key Distinguishing Features: Impact: Few rusts are recorded on Myrtaceae. These include In the wild, in its native range, P. psidii has only a P. cygnorum, a telial rust on Kunzea ericifolia, and minor effect. As eucalypt plantations in Brazil are Physopella xanthostemonis on Xanthostemon spp. in largely clonal, impact in areas with a suitable climate Australia. -
Stem Rust on Wheat and Barley
Identification and Management of Stem Rust on Wheat and Barley Stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust comprise a production. The first of these races, known as ‘Ug99’, complex of diseases that reduces wheat and barley was originally detected in Uganda, Kenya, and grain production. These rust diseases occur in nearly Ethiopia. Since this initial detection, additional races all areas of the United States and Canada. The of the fungus have been reported and are further importance of any member of the complex at a given complicating efforts to contain the problem. location is determined by specific interactions with If these new races spread to North America, current wheat varieties, they may threaten wheat crop growth stage, and and barley production. weather conditions. Why does the genetic In preparation for the Stem rust has been resistance appear to fail? possible introduction of present in North America Currently genetic resistance is an effective these new races of stem for hundreds of years. means of managing the rust diseases of rust, a number of critical A series of particularly wheat and barley. Because the populations questions arise regarding severe outbreaks occurred the most effective ways during the early 1930s and of the fungi that cause rust diseases can to identify, monitor, and 1950s. These outbreaks change and adapt to the resistance genes of manage the disease. This caused serious yield loss in current varieties, the durability of this genetic publication answers these many parts of the United resistance has been problematic. These critical questions with the States and Canada with changes occur when naturally occurring best available information the greatest losses in the genetic changes allow members of the about the emerging threat. -
TCJP an Improved Method to Quantify <I>Puccinia Coronata</I> F
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UNL | Libraries University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2010 TCJP An improved method to quantify Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae DNA in the host Avena sativa M. Acevedo USDA-ARS, [email protected] E. W. Jackson USDA-ARS A. Sturbaum USDA-ARS H. W. Ohm Purdue University J. M. Bonman USDA-ARS Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons Acevedo, M.; Jackson, E. W.; Sturbaum, A.; Ohm, H. W.; and Bonman, J. M., "TCJP An improved method to quantify Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae DNA in the host Avena sativa" (2010). Publications from USDA- ARS / UNL Faculty. 509. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/509 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Can. J. Plant Pathol. (2010), 32(2): 215–224 Genetics and resistance/Génétique et résistance AnTCJP improved method to quantify Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae DNA in the host Avena sativa M.Crown rust of oat ACEVEDO1, E. W. JACKSON1, A. STURBAUM1, H. W. OHM2 AND J. M. BONMAN1 1USDA-ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, 1691 S. 2700 W., Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA 2Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (Accepted 1 March 2010) Abstract: Identification and genetic mapping of loci conferring resistance to polycyclic pathogens such as the rust fungi depends on accurate measurement of disease resistance. -
Population Biology of Switchgrass Rust
POPULATION BIOLOGY OF SWITCHGRASS RUST (Puccinia emaculata Schw.) By GABRIELA KARINA ORQUERA DELGADO Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology Escuela Politécnica del Ejército (ESPE) Quito, Ecuador 2011 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 2014 POPULATION BIOLOGY OF SWITCHGRASS RUST (Puccinia emaculata Schw.) Thesis Approved: Dr. Stephen Marek Thesis Adviser Dr. Carla Garzon Dr. Robert M. Hunger ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For their guidance and support, I express sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Marek, who has supported thought my thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way. One simply could not wish for a better or friendlier supervisor. I give special thanks to M.S. Maxwell Gilley (Mississippi State University), Dr. Bing Yang (Iowa State University), Arvid Boe (South Dakota State University) and Dr. Bingyu Zhao (Virginia State), for providing switchgrass rust samples used in this study and M.S. Andrea Payne, for her assistance during my writing process. I would like to recognize Patricia Garrido and Francisco Flores for their guidance, assistance, and friendship. To my family and friends for being always the support and energy I needed to follow my dreams. iii Acknowledgements reflect the views of the author and are not endorsed by committee members or Oklahoma State University. Name: GABRIELA KARINA ORQUERA DELGADO Date of Degree: JULY, 2014 Title of Study: POPULATION BIOLOGY OF SWITCHGRASS RUST (Puccinia emaculata Schw.) Major Field: ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY Abstract: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial warm season grass native to a large portion of North America. -
EC1802 Reduce Black Stem Rust of Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye J
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Extension Lincoln Extension 5-1943 EC1802 Reduce Black Stem Rust of Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye J. E. Livingston Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist Livingston, J. E., "EC1802 Reduce Black Stem Rust of Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye" (1943). Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. 2732. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist/2732 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Extension at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Reduce Black Stem Rust .;:t; of Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye 180~ J E. Livingston ~ ) J Extension Plant Pathologist The University of Nebraska Agricultural College Extension Service and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating W. H. Brokaw, Director, Lincoln, Nebraska Distributed in furtherance of Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914 (5-43-20M) Acknowledgement is made to the Conference for the Pre vention of Grain Rust, Minneapolis, Minnesota, for assistance in preparation of illustrative material, and to the Division of Plant Disease Control, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quar antine, Washington, D . C., for assistance in preparation of this circular. Two Important Sources of Stem Rust From Barberry rust organism is spread from the old straw, stubble 2. Blown in From Other Areas 1. and grasses of the past year to the green, growing In the spring, tiny stem rust spores become detached grain of the next year. -
Integrated Management of Southern Corn Rust and Northern Corn
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SOUTHERN CORN RUST AND NORTHERN CORN LEAF BLIGHT USING HYBRIDS AND FUNGICIDES by SUZETTE MAGDALENE SEÑEREZ ARCIBAL (Under the Direction of Robert C. Kemerait, Jr.) ABSTRACT Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora and northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum are important foliar diseases of corn in the southern United States. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hybrid, fungicide and timing of fungicide application on NCLB and SCR epidemics and corn yield. The Rpp9-virulent and Rpp9-avirulent races of P. polysora were characterized in the field. Onset of SCR in Pioneer 33M52 was delayed in early-planted trials but not in later-planted trials. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) for SCR were lower and yields were higher in Pioneer 33M52 than in Pioneer 33M57 when this disease was severe. Fungicides were usually most effective when applied near disease onset. When both diseases were severe, multiple fungicide applications improved disease management and yield. In vitro sensitivity assays indicated a range of EC50 values from 0.008 to 0.155 μg/ml. These results can be used to further develop management guidelines for SCR and NCLB. INDEX WORDS: Southern corn rust, Puccinia polysora, Rpp9-virulent race, northern corn leaf blight, Exserohilum turcicum, pyraclostrobin, metconazole, fluxapyroxad, fungicide timing, area under the disease progress curve, severity, incidence, necrosis, yield, fungicide sensitivity INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SOUTHERN CORN -
Asparagus Rust (Puccinia Asparagi) (Puccinia Matters-Of- Facts Seasons Infection
DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES Vegetable Matters-of-Facts Number 12 Asparagus Rust February (Puccinia asparagi) 2004 • Rust disease of asparagus is caused by the fungus Puccinia asparagi. • Rust is only a problem on fern not the spears. • Infected fern is defoliated reducing the potential yield of next seasons crop. • First detected in Queensland in 2000 and in Victoria in 2003 Infection and symptoms Infections of asparagus rust begin in spring from over-wintering spores on crop debris. Rust has several visual spore stages known as the orange, red and black spore stages. Visual symptoms of infection start in spring/summer with light green pustules on new emerging fern which mature into yellow or pale orange pustules. In early to mid summer when conditions are warm and moist, the orange spores spread to new fern growth producing brick red pustules on stalks, branches and leaves of the fern. These develop into powdery masses of rust-red coloured spores which reinfect the fern. Infected fern begins to yellow, defoliate and die back prematurely. In late autumn and winter the red-coloured pustules start to produce black spores and slowly convert in appearance to a powdery mass of jet-black spores. This is the over-wintering stage of Asparagus the fungus and the source of the next seasons infection. Control Stratagies Complete eradication of the disease is not feasible as rust spores are spread by wind. However rust can be controlled with proper fern management. • Scout for early signs for rust and implement fungicide spray program • Volunteer and other unwanted asparagus plantings must be destroyed to control infection sources. -
Ug99 Factsheet Updated: May 2010 • Ug99 Is a Single Race of the Fungal Disease Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia Graminis F
UG99 FACTSHEET Updated: May 2010 • Ug99 is a single race of the fungal disease wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici). • First identified from samples collected in Uganda in 1999, hence the popu- lar name Ug99. Scientifically, using North American nomenclature, the race is termed TTKSK. • Wheat stem rust is historically the most feared and devasting disease af- fecting wheat. Under suitable conditions, yield losses of 70% or more are possible. • Stem rust is highly mobile, spreading over large distances by wind or via accidental human transmission (infected clothing or plant material). • For over 30 years, wheat stem rust has largely been under control prima- rily due to the widespread use of wheat cultivars carrying resistance to the disease. • Ug99 is a special cause for concern because it has overcome the resistance in most wheat cultivars. An estimated 80-90% of all global wheat cultivars growing in farmer’s fields are now susceptible to Ug99 or variants. • Ug99 is the only known race of wheat stem rust that has virulence for an extremely important resistance gene - Sr31. In addition, Ug99 has virulence against most of the resistance genes of wheat origin and other resistance genes from related species. • Six additional races have now been identified in the Ug99 lineage. These all have an identical DNA fingerprint to Ug99, but they show different viru- lence patterns. • Additional key resistance genes have been defeated by these variants, nota- bly; Sr24 (races TTKST and PTKST) and Sr36 (race TTTSK). • Ug99 (race TTKSK) has spread throughout East Africa. In 2006 it was con- firmed in Sudan and Yemen, and in 2007 Ug99 was confirmed in Iran. -
Rust Diseases of Brambles
University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food & Environment Extension Plant Pathology College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Cooperative Extension Service Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PPFS-FR-S-06 Rust Diseases of Brambles Nicole Gauthier Jessica Sayre Plant Pathology Horticulture Extension Specialist Extension Agent Importance Cane & Leaf Rust The three most important rust diseases occurring Symptoms & Signs on brambles in Kentucky are cane and leaf rust, late The first evidence of cane and leaf rust is the presence rust, and orange rust. The most destructive of these of elongated, bright yellow pustules appearing on diseases is orange rust, which is ultimately lethal to infected floricanes (year-old canes that will produce plants. Once infected, entire plants must be removed fruit) in spring (Figure 1). Pustules rupture through and destroyed. In contrast, cane and leaf rust, along the bark and result in brittle canes that break easily. with late rust, are not lethal to plants and can be Small yellow pustules may also appear on undersides managed using cultural practices and fungicides. of leaves (Figure 2) and less frequently on fruit Distinguishing between these rust diseases is critical (Figure 3). Fungal signs (pustules of powdery yellow for proper management. rust spores) may be evident in mid-April and extend through summer. Premature defoliation, which results in stress and loss of plant vigor, can occur if 1a leaf infections are severe. Hosts Blackberry is susceptible; raspberry infections are rare. 1a Figure 1. (A) Cane and leaf rust pustules erupt through the bark of floricanes in spring. (B) Close-up of cane and leaf rust pustule containing abundant powdery yellow spores. -
The Emergence of Ug99 Races of the Stem Rust Fungus Is a Threat to World Wheat Production
PY49CH22-Singh ARI 4 July 2011 16:27 The Emergence of Ug99 Races of the Stem Rust Fungus is a Threat to World Wheat Production Ravi P. Singh,1 David P. Hodson,2 Julio Huerta-Espino,3 Yue Jin,4 Sridhar Bhavani,5 Peter Njau,6 Sybil Herrera-Foessel,1 Pawan K. Singh,1 Sukhwinder Singh,1 and Velu Govindan1 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico; email: [email protected] 2FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy 3INIFAP-CEVAMEX, 56230, Chapingo, Mexico 4USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 5CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya 6Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Njoro Plant Breeding Research Center (KARI-NPBRC), P.O. Njoro, Kenya Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2011. 49:465–81 Keywords The Annual Review of Phytopathology is online at Triticum aestivum, Puccinia graminis, resistance, epidemiology phyto.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: Abstract 10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095423 Race Ug99 of the fungus Puccinia graminis tritici that causes stem or Copyright c 2011 by Annual Reviews. black rust disease on wheat was first detected in Uganda in 1998. Seven All rights reserved races belonging to the Ug99 lineage are now known and have spread 0066-4286/11/0908/0465$20.00 to various wheat-growing countries in the eastern African highlands, as well as Zimbabwe, South Africa, Sudan, Yemen, and Iran. Because of the susceptibility of 90% of the wheat varieties grown worldwide, the Ug99 Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2011.49:465-481. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org group of races was recognized as a major threat to wheat production by University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Wilson Library on 08/15/11.