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Seed Maturity in White Fir and Red Fir. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exp
PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range FOREST SERVICE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE P.O. BOX 245, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94701 Experiment Station USDA FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER PSW-99 /1974 CONTENTS Page Summary ................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................. 3 Methods .................................................... 3 Testing Fresh Seeds ....................................... 3 Testing Stratified Seeds .................................... 3 Seedling Vigor Tests ...................................... 4 Artificial Ripening Trial ................................... 4 Other Observations ........................................ 4 Results and Discussion ....................................... 5 Cone Specific Gravity ..................................... 5 Seed Germination, byCollection Date ....................... 5 Seed GerminationandCone Specific Gravity ................ 7 Red Fir Seedling Vigor .................................... 9 ArtificialRipening of White Fir Seeds ....................... 9 OtherMaturity Indices ..................................... 9 Application ................................................. 10 Literature Cited.............................................. 12 THE AUTHOR WILLIAM W. OLIVER is doing silvicultural research on Sierra Nevada conifer types with headquarters at Redding, California. He earned a B.S. degree (1956) in forestry from the University of New Hampshire, and an M.F. degree (1960) from the University of Michigan. A native of -
Viking Tales Chris Rose
Elementary Level Listening Worksheet Viking Tales Chris Rose The story step by step 1 Listen to The World of the Vikings’ Tales (from ‘The Vikings were people who lived in Scandinavia ...’ to ‘... at the bottom of it.’). Label the picture with the words you hear in the box. Check your answers on p.4 of the book or in the answer key. Asgard Bifrost Hel Midgard Niflheim Yggdrasil ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Yggdrasil ______________________ ______________________ Macmillan Readers Viking Tales 1 This page has been downloaded from www.macmillanenglish.com. It is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014. Elementary Level Listening Worksheet 2 Listen to The World of the Vikings’ Tales again (from ‘Odin was the chief of the gods.’ to ‘... they died’). Complete the missing information you hear about the people who lived in the Viking world. Check your answers on pp.4–7 of the book or in the answer key. Name Role/ability Character Appearance Odin Chief of the gods. _______ and _______. He only had one _______ , wore a big hat , a _______ cloak and had a _______ spear and two ravens on his _______ . Thor The god of _______ and Angry, _______, not as _______ as Very _______, had red hair and a _______ . Odin, very _______ and always big, red _______ . told the _______ . Loki Could change Very _______, played jokes or _______ and became a _______ on people or the other _______, or an insect or a _______ and liked to make _______ so he could _______ trouble for them. -
Report on the AES Candidates
Rep ort on the AES Candidates 1 2 1 3 Olivier Baudron , Henri Gilb ert , Louis Granb oulan , Helena Handschuh , 4 1 5 1 Antoine Joux , Phong Nguyen ,Fabrice Noilhan ,David Pointcheval , 1 1 1 1 Thomas Pornin , Guillaume Poupard , Jacques Stern , and Serge Vaudenay 1 Ecole Normale Sup erieure { CNRS 2 France Telecom 3 Gemplus { ENST 4 SCSSI 5 Universit e d'Orsay { LRI Contact e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This do cument rep orts the activities of the AES working group organized at the Ecole Normale Sup erieure. Several candidates are evaluated. In particular we outline some weaknesses in the designs of some candidates. We mainly discuss selection criteria b etween the can- didates, and make case-by-case comments. We nally recommend the selection of Mars, RC6, Serp ent, ... and DFC. As the rep ort is b eing nalized, we also added some new preliminary cryptanalysis on RC6 and Crypton in the App endix which are not considered in the main b o dy of the rep ort. Designing the encryption standard of the rst twentyyears of the twenty rst century is a challenging task: we need to predict p ossible future technologies, and wehavetotake unknown future attacks in account. Following the AES pro cess initiated by NIST, we organized an op en working group at the Ecole Normale Sup erieure. This group met two hours a week to review the AES candidates. The present do cument rep orts its results. Another task of this group was to up date the DFC candidate submitted by CNRS [16, 17] and to answer questions which had b een omitted in previous 1 rep orts on DFC. -
Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard
Volume 126, Article No. 126024 (2021) https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.024 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard Miles E. Smid Formerly: Computer Security Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA [email protected] Strong cryptographic algorithms are essential for the protection of stored and transmitted data throughout the world. This publication discusses the development of Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 197, which specifies a cryptographic algorithm known as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The AES was the result of a cooperative multiyear effort involving the U.S. government, industry, and the academic community. Several difficult problems that had to be resolved during the standard’s development are discussed, and the eventual solutions are presented. The author writes from his viewpoint as former leader of the Security Technology Group and later as acting director of the Computer Security Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he was responsible for the AES development. Key words: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES); consensus process; cryptography; Data Encryption Standard (DES); security requirements, SKIPJACK. Accepted: June 18, 2021 Published: August 16, 2021; Current Version: August 23, 2021 This article was sponsored by James Foti, Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The views expressed represent those of the author and not necessarily those of NIST. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.024 1. Introduction In the late 1990s, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was about to decide if it was going to specify a new cryptographic algorithm standard for the protection of U.S. -
Symmetric Encryption: AES
Symmetric Encryption: AES Yan Huang Credits: David Evans (UVA) Advanced Encryption Standard ▪ 1997: NIST initiates program to choose Advanced Encryption Standard to replace DES ▪ Why not just use 3DES? 2 AES Process ▪ Open Design • DES: design criteria for S-boxes kept secret ▪ Many good choices • DES: only one acceptable algorithm ▪ Public cryptanalysis efforts before choice • Heavy involvements of academic community, leading public cryptographers ▪ Conservative (but “quick”): 4 year process 3 AES Requirements ▪ Secure for next 50-100 years ▪ Royalty free ▪ Performance: faster than 3DES ▪ Support 128, 192 and 256 bit keys • Brute force search of 2128 keys at 1 Trillion keys/ second would take 1019 years (109 * age of universe) 4 AES Round 1 ▪ 15 submissions accepted ▪ Weak ciphers quickly eliminated • Magenta broken at conference! ▪ 5 finalists selected: • MARS (IBM) • RC6 (Rivest, et. al.) • Rijndael (Belgian cryptographers) • Serpent (Anderson, Biham, Knudsen) • Twofish (Schneier, et. al.) 5 AES Evaluation Criteria 1. Security Most important, but hardest to measure Resistance to cryptanalysis, randomness of output 2. Cost and Implementation Characteristics Licensing, Computational, Memory Flexibility (different key/block sizes), hardware implementation 6 AES Criteria Tradeoffs ▪ Security v. Performance • How do you measure security? ▪ Simplicity v. Complexity • Need complexity for confusion • Need simplicity to be able to analyze and implement efficiently 7 Breaking a Cipher ▪ Intuitive Impression • Attacker can decrypt secret messages • Reasonable amount of work, actual amount of ciphertext ▪ “Academic” Ideology • Attacker can determine something about the message • Given unlimited number of chosen plaintext-ciphertext pairs • Can perform a very large number of computations, up to, but not including, 2n, where n is the key size in bits (i.e. -
Critical Assessment of Reaction Mechanisms Using the Lisbon Kinetics Tool Suit
XXXIV ICPIG & ICRP-10, July 14-19, 2019, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Critical assessment of reaction mechanisms using the LisbOn KInetics tool suit 1 1 1 2 P P P P P A. Tejero-del-Caz P , V.U Guerra UP , M. Lino da Silva P , L. Marques P , 1 1,3 1 1 P P P N. Pinhão P , C. D. Pintassilgo P , T. Silva P and L. L. Alves P 1 P P Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, Portugal 2 P P Centro de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal 3 P P Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal This work uses the LisbOn KInetics (LoKI) tool suit to perform a critical assessment and correction of the collisional, radiative and transport mechanisms and data describing the kinetics of several gas/plasma systems. LoKI comprises two modules: a Boltzmann solver, LoKI-B (to become open- source), and a chemistry solver, LoKI-C. Both modules can run as standalone tools or coupled in a self-consistent manner. LoKI handles simulations in any atomic / molecular gas mixture, considering collisions with any target state (electronic, vibrational and rotational), specified in the reaction mechanism adopted. As output, the tool provides the electron energy distribution function and the corresponding electron macroscopic parameters, along with the densities of species and the corresponding creation / destruction rates. 1. Introduction for the heavy species (charged and neutral) present in Predictive tools for non-equilibrium low- the plasma, receiving as input data the KIT(s) for the temperature plasmas (LTPs) should properly describe gas/plasma system under study, and using several the kinetics of both the electrons and the heavy- modules to describe the mechanisms (collisional, species, the former responsible for inducing plasma radiative and transport) controlling the creation / reactivity and the latter providing the pathways for destruction of species. -
Bruce Schneier 2
Committee on Energy and Commerce U.S. House of Representatives Witness Disclosure Requirement - "Truth in Testimony" Required by House Rule XI, Clause 2(g)(5) 1. Your Name: Bruce Schneier 2. Your Title: none 3. The Entity(ies) You are Representing: none 4. Are you testifying on behalf of the Federal, or a State or local Yes No government entity? X 5. Please list any Federal grants or contracts, or contracts or payments originating with a foreign government, that you or the entity(ies) you represent have received on or after January 1, 2015. Only grants, contracts, or payments related to the subject matter of the hearing must be listed. 6. Please attach your curriculum vitae to your completed disclosure form. Signatur Date: 31 October 2017 Bruce Schneier Background Bruce Schneier is an internationally renowned security technologist, called a security guru by the Economist. He is the author of 14 books—including the New York Times best-seller Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World—as well as hundreds of articles, essays, and academic papers. His influential newsletter Crypto-Gram and blog Schneier on Security are read by over 250,000 people. Schneier is a fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, a Lecturer in Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, a board member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Tor Project, and an advisory board member of EPIC and VerifiedVoting.org. He is also a special advisor to IBM Security and the Chief Technology Officer of IBM Resilient. -
MA Ritgerð in Search of Askr Yggdrasill
MA ritgerð Norræn trú In Search of askr Yggdrasill A Phenomenological Approach to the Role of Trees in Old Nordic Religions Jan Aksel Harder Klitgaard Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell Júní 2018 In Search of askr Yggdrasill A Phenomenological Approach to the Role of Trees in Old Nordic Religions Jan Aksel Harder Klitgaard Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell 60 einingar Félags– og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Júni, 2018 In Search of askr Yggdrasill Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA-gráðu í Norrænni trú og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Jan Aksel Harder Klitgaard, 2018 Prentun: Háskólaprent Reykjavík, Ísland, 2018 Abstract This thesis contains a study of the role of trees in Old Nordic religions during the Iron Age and Viking Age from a phenomenological and comparative perspective and includes three discussion chapters, each with its own main topic: the world-tree; trees as people and vice versa; and real living trees. It has been conducted in order to clarify certain issues regarding how ancient Scandinavians might have perceived the world and then in particular trees, metaphysical trees and real trees. In the discussion chapters, the thesis reflects upon narratives in the extant written source material which would have been part of the phenomenology of trees, in the light of the ever-growing bulk of archaeological material reflecting remnants of symbolic and ritualistic behaviour relating to trees. The project argues that we need to sidestep with our modern perception of the world if we wish to understand how trees might have been understood in a religious sense in the Old Nordic world. -
Philopatry and Migration of Pacific White Sharks
Proc. R. Soc. B doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1155 Published online Philopatry and migration of Pacific white sharks Salvador J. Jorgensen1,*, Carol A. Reeb1, Taylor K. Chapple2, Scot Anderson3, Christopher Perle1, Sean R. Van Sommeran4, Callaghan Fritz-Cope4, Adam C. Brown5, A. Peter Klimley2 and Barbara A. Block1 1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA 2Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 3Point Reyes National Seashore, P. O. Box 390, Inverness, California 94937, USA 4Pelagic Shark Research Foundation, Santa Cruz Yacht Harbor, Santa Cruz, CA 95062, USA 5PRBO Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA Advances in electronic tagging and genetic research are making it possible to discern population structure for pelagic marine predators once thought to be panmictic. However, reconciling migration patterns and gene flow to define the resolution of discrete population management units remains a major challenge, and a vital conservation priority for threatened species such as oceanic sharks. Many such species have been flagged for international protection, yet effective population assessments and management actions are hindered by lack of knowledge about the geographical extent and size of distinct populations. Combin- ing satellite tagging, passive acoustic monitoring and genetics, we reveal how eastern Pacific white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) adhere to a highly predictable migratory cycle. Individuals persistently return to the same network of coastal hotspots following distant oceanic migrations and comprise a population genetically distinct from previously identified phylogenetic clades. We hypothesize that this strong homing behaviour has maintained the separation of a northeastern Pacific population following a historical introduction from Australia/New Zealand migrants during the Late Pleistocene. -
Identifying Open Research Problems in Cryptography by Surveying Cryptographic Functions and Operations 1
International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing Vol. 10, No. 11 (2017), pp.79-98 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijgdc.2017.10.11.08 Identifying Open Research Problems in Cryptography by Surveying Cryptographic Functions and Operations 1 Rahul Saha1, G. Geetha2, Gulshan Kumar3 and Hye-Jim Kim4 1,3School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India 2Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India 4Business Administration Research Institute, Sungshin W. University, 2 Bomun-ro 34da gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Abstract Cryptography has always been a core component of security domain. Different security services such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, non-repudiation and access control, are provided by a number of cryptographic algorithms including block ciphers, stream ciphers and hash functions. Though the algorithms are public and cryptographic strength depends on the usage of the keys, the ciphertext analysis using different functions and operations used in the algorithms can lead to the path of revealing a key completely or partially. It is hard to find any survey till date which identifies different operations and functions used in cryptography. In this paper, we have categorized our survey of cryptographic functions and operations in the algorithms in three categories: block ciphers, stream ciphers and cryptanalysis attacks which are executable in different parts of the algorithms. This survey will help the budding researchers in the society of crypto for identifying different operations and functions in cryptographic algorithms. Keywords: cryptography; block; stream; cipher; plaintext; ciphertext; functions; research problems 1. Introduction Cryptography [1] in the previous time was analogous to encryption where the main task was to convert the readable message to an unreadable format. -
The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R
Gettysburg College Faculty Books 2-2016 The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R. Fee Gettysburg College David Leeming University of Connecticut Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Folklore Commons, and the Religion Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Fee, Christopher R., and David Leeming. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother. London, England: Reaktion Press, 2016. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/95 This open access book is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Description The Goddess is all around us: Her face is reflected in the burgeoning new growth of every ensuing spring; her power is evident in the miracle of conception and childbirth and in the newborn’s cry as it searches for the nurturing breast; we glimpse her in the alluring beauty of youth, in the incredible power of sexual attraction, in the affection of family gatherings, and in the gentle caring of loved ones as they leave the mortal world. The Goddess is with us in the everyday miracles of life, growth, and death which always have surrounded us and always will, and this ubiquity speaks to the enduring presence and changing masks of the universal power people have always recognized in their lives. -
2022 Kientzler Catalog
TRIOMIO – COLOR COMBOS WITH UNIFORM PERFORMANCESRMANCES The consumer's enthusiasm for these trendy, three-coloured combos remains extremely strong! SSUPERCALUPERCAL BIDENS BIDENSBIDENS DUO CYPERUS TRIOMIO SUPERCAL ‘Summer Sensation’ TRIOMIO ‘Tweety Pop’ Bidens Duo ‘Sunshine’ ‘Southern‘Southehern Blues’BBlues’ No. 7298: SUPERCAL No. 7210: Bidens ‘Tweety’, No. 7318: Bidens ‘Sweetie’ No. 7363: Cyperus ‘Cleopatra’, ‘Blue’, ‘Light Yellow’ and ‘Pink’ Verbena VEPITA™ ‘Blue Violet’ and ‘Scarlet’ and ‘Funny Honey’ SURDIVA® ‘Blue Violet’ and SURDIVA® ‘White’ CCALIBRACHOAALIBRACHOA PPOCKETOCKET™ CALIBRACHOACALIBRACHOA UNIQUEUNIQQUE CALENDN ULA Calibrachoa POCKET™ ‘Mini Zumba’ TRIOMIO ‘Zumba’ TRIOMIO ‘Mango Punch’ TRIOMIO CALENDULA ‘Color me Spring’ No. 6981: CALIBRACHOA POCKET™ No.o. 7217:: CaCalibrachoa a oa UNIQUEU QU No.o. 7311: Calibrachoa UNIQUE ‘Mango Punch’, No. 7236: Calendula ‘Power Daisy’, ‘Yellow’, ‘Blue’ and ‘Red’ ‘Golden‘Golden Yellow’, ‘Lilac’‘Lilac’ and ‘Dark‘Dark Red’Red’ ‘Golden Yellow’ and ‘Dark Red’ Calibrachoa ‘Lilac’ and ‘Dark Red’ NEMENEMESISIA SUS PERCAL TRIOMIO NESSIE PLUS ‘Alegria’ TRIOMIO BABYCAKE ‘Little Alegria’rii’a’ TRIOMIO SUPERCAL TRIOMIO SUPERCAL ‘Garden Magic’ No. 7200: Nemesia NESSIE PLUS No. 7202: Nemesia BABYCAKE ‘Little Coco’, No. 7221: SUPERCAL ‘Blushing Pink’, No. 7234: SUPERCAL ‘Light Yellow’, ‘White’, ‘Yellow’ and ‘Red’ ‘Little Banana’ and ‘Little Cherry’ ‘Cherryh Improved’ and ‘Dark Blue’ ‘Blue’ and ‘Cherry Improved’ SUPERCAL PREMIUM VEERBR ENENAA VEPPITA™ TRIOMIO SUPERCAL PREMIUM ‘Magic’ TRIOMIO SUPERCAL