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1 2 MÉXICO Y CANADÁ 3 44 AÑOS DE DIÁLOGO PARLAMENTARIO CONTENIDO 2010-2018: En medio del proceso de renegociación del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, México y Canadá fortalecen su asociación estratégica. 107 - Ficha Informativa de la XVII Reunión Interparlamentaria (2010). 112 - Ficha Informativa de la XVIII Reunión Interparlamentaria (2011). 116 - Ficha Informativa de la XIX Reunión Interparlamentaria (2013). 121 Introducción. México y Canadá, Historia de una Amistad Parlamentaria. 6 - Ficha Informativa de la XX Reunión Interparlamentaria (2014). 124 Línea del Tiempo. Hitos en la Relación de la Amistad Diplomática y - Ficha Informativa de la XXI Reunión Interparlamentaria (2018). 128 Parlamentaria México-Canadá. 9 Formalización de Relaciones Diplomáticas México-Canadá. 10 Anexo de Declaraciones y Comunicados Conjuntos. 137 El Congreso Mexicano y la Diplomacia Parlamentaria. 24 - Comunicado Conjunto. I Reunión Interparlamentaria México - Canadá. Ciudad Parlamento Canadiense. 28 de México. 6 al 10 de enero de 1975. 138 - Senado de Canadá. 28 - Comunicado Conjunto. II Reunión Interparlamentaria México - Canadá. Ottawa, - Cámara de los Comunes de Canadá. 31 Canadá. 10 y 11 de febrero de 1976. 140 Sesiones Solemnes realizadas en el Senado de la República en Honor a - Comunicado Conjunto. III Reunión Interparlamentaria México - Canadá. Ciudad Visitantes Distinguidos del Parlamento y Gobierno Canadienses. 33 de México, México. 21 al 28 de marzo de 1977. 141 Balance General de las Reuniones Interparlamentarias México – Canadá - Declaración. IV Reunión Interparlamentaria México - Canadá. Ottawa, Canadá. 24 (1975-2018). 42 al 31 de mayo de 1983. 144 La Década de 1970: Las Tres Primeras Reuniones Interparlamentarias - Declaración de Querétaro. V Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. México – Canadá. 45 Querétaro, Querétaro, México. 8 y 9 de enero de 1985. 145 - Ficha Informativa de la I Reunión Interparlamentaria (1975). 48 - Declaración de Calgary. VI Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Calgary, - Ficha Informativa de la II Reunión Interparlamentaria (1976). 50 Alberta, Canadá. 19 al 22 de mayo de 1986. 146 4 - Ficha Informativa de la III Reunión Interparlamentaria (1977). 53 - Comunicado Conjunto. IX Reunión Interparlamentaria México - Canadá. Bahía de 5 La Década de 1980: La Coyuntura Regional y los Temas Multilaterales Banderas, Nayarit, México. 16 y 17 de noviembre de 1990. 148 marcan la Agenda de las Reuniones Interparlamentarias celebradas en - Declaración Conjunta. X Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Ottawa, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987 y 1988. 56 Ontario, Canadá. 15 y 16 de mayo de 1996. 151 - Declaración Conjunta. XIV Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Ontario, - Ficha Informativa de la IV Reunión Interparlamentaria (1983). 59 Canadá. 23 y 24 de octubre de 2006. - Ficha Informativa de la V Reunión Interparlamentaria (1985). 63 154 - Declaración Conjunta. XV Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Mazatlán, - Ficha Informativa de la VI Reunión Interparlamentaria (1986). 66 Sinaloa, México. 17 al 20 de febrero de 2008. 155 - Ficha Informativa de la VII Reunión Interparlamentaria (1987). 68 - Declaración Conjunta. XVI Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. St. John, - Ficha Informativa de la VIII Reunión Interparlamentaria (1988). 71 New Brunswick y Ottawa, Canadá. 13 al 17 de noviembre de 2009. 157 La Década de 1990: El Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte - Declaración Conjunta. XVII Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Ciudad domina y renueva el curso de la relación entre México y Canadá. 73 de México. 19 al 21 de noviembre de 2010. 159 - Ficha Informativa de la IX Reunión Interparlamentaria (1990). 79 - Comunicado de Prensa Conjunto. XVIII Reunión Interparlamentaria México – - Ficha Informativa de la X Reunión Interparlamentaria (1996). 81 Canadá. Ottawa, Canadá. 20 al 22 de noviembre de 2011. 161 2000-2009: Continuidad de la dinámica y fortalecimiento de la relación - Comunicado Conjunto. XIX Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Ciudad bilateral y del diálogo político entre México y Canadá. 83 de México. 15 y 16 de noviembre del 2013. 163 - Ficha Informativa de la XI Reunión Interparlamentaria (2000). 89 - Comunicado Conjunto. XX Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Ottawa, - Ficha Informativa de la XII Reunión Interparlamentaria (2002). 91 Canadá. 22 al 25 de noviembre de 2014. 165 - Ficha Informativa de la XIII Reunión Interparlamentaria (2005). 94 - Declaración Conjunta. XXI Reunión Interparlamentaria México – Canadá. Ciudad - Ficha Informativa de la XIV Reunión Interparlamentaria (2006). 96 de México. 19 y 20 de febrero de 2018. 167 - Ficha Informativa de la XV Reunión Interparlamentaria (2008). 99 - Ficha Informativa de la XVI Reunión Interparlamentaria (2009). 102 Referencias 169 Introducción hacia soluciones comunes a problemas equivalentes en los diferentes entornos nacionales, que pueden traducirse en tratados internacionales o leyes nacionales”. El intenso proceso de globalización, los avances tecnológicos y la profundización De este modo, el investigador concluye que el Estado ya no opera como una entidad de la interdependencia y la integración en el plano económico entre los Estados, única, sino como “un cuerpo con múltiples cabezas de relativa autonomía”. acompañados del incremento de los intercambios comerciales y de los flujos de bienes y capitales, han favorecido no solo la aparición, sino una presencia e Más allá de estos debates y de forma evidente, los Parlamentos, como órganos del involucramiento de nuevos actores en el escenario internacional. Estado que asumen la representación popular, no han sido ajenos, ni indiferentes a esta tendencia. Esta institución del Poder Legislativo ha logrado un mayor alcance Si bien el Estado es identificado como el actor predominante en las relaciones de su actuación en la esfera internacional al participar en organizaciones y foros internacionales y el referente en la formulación y dirección de la política exterior, parlamentarios, más allá del análisis o la discusión que frecuentemente realiza en los expertos perciben que el poder del ente estatal se ha fragmentado y adquirido torno a los temas de política exterior desarrollada por el titular del Poder Ejecutivo, un carácter más difuso. Estos elementos también vienen acompañados por tanto dentro de sus Comisiones o Comités competentes como en el pleno de sus debates sobre las repercusiones al principio de soberanía nacional y la revisión de asambleas. Frente a ello, el papel y el nivel de influencia de los Parlamentos en la figura del Estado, otrora considerado como la última instancia con capacidad materia de la política exterior puede variar de un Estado a otro, dependiendo del decisoria en cuestiones internacionales. origen y de la evolución histórica, del régimen político (presidencial o parlamentario) y del sistema jurídico. Desde un enfoque realista, el poder se ha expandido entre una larga lista de entidades o nuevos actores con la capacidad, incluso la reivindicación por En consecuencia, a las funciones propias del Parlamento que son clasificadas por derecho propio, de ejercer su influencia en la esfera política, ya sea en los niveles la doctrina como “representativas, deliberativas, financieras, legislativas, de control, 6 global o regional, en materia comercial y, en cierta medida, adquiriendo tintes políticas (en sentido estricto, dado que todas las funciones del Parlamento tienen 7 disruptivos o altruista . Esta categoría abarca a Organizaciones Internacionales, este carácter), de inspección, jurisdiccionales, de indagación, de comunicación y Organizaciones No Gubernamentales, empresas transnacionales, pero también a educativas”, se ha incorporado la práctica de la llamada diplomacia parlamentaria. actores que usualmente circunscribían sus actividades al interior de los propios Con base en este razonamiento y en un primer término, este documento de Estados. investigación presenta una reseña acerca de la diplomacia parlamentaria que desempeña el Congreso mexicano y de las expresiones que ésta adopta, las cuales En opinión del Doctor Sergio López Ayllón, los actores nacionales “comienzan a van desde la membresía e involucramiento en los trabajos de organizaciones jugar en el dominio internacional sin pasar necesariamente por los mecanismos parlamentarias supranacionales, foros parlamentarios hasta reuniones tradicionales de representación estatal”. Ante esto, el experto añade que los interparlamentarias bilaterales. gobiernos comienzan a desagregar la actividad estatal en sus componentes institucionales, por lo que “los poderes tradicionales -Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Evidentemente, las diversas expresiones de la diplomacia parlamentaria, además de Judicial- y sus diferentes niveles -nacional/federal-estatal/provincial/regional- permitir el acercamiento y entendimiento de los Parlamentos y de sus integrantes municipal/local-, están de manera creciente teniendo actividad propia en el mediante el intercambio de información, se han consolidado como plataformas campo internacional, interactuando con sus contrapartes en otros países, con para la exposición de las posturas en temas y preocupaciones de cada país. objeto de mejorar su funcionamiento o bien para coordinar sus acciones y funcionar de manera transnacional”. Bajo esta luz, el Congreso de la Unión y el Parlamento de Canadá han consolidado desde hace 44 años una amistad que ha alcanzado su máxima expresión en la En resumen y retomando al Doctor Sergio López Ayllón, la
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