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List of Glossary Terms A Ageofaclusterorfuzzyrule 1054 A correlated equilibrium 3064 Agent 58, 76, 105, 1767, 2578, 3004 Amechanism 1837 Agent architecture 105 Anearestneighbor 790 Agent based models 2940 A social choice function 1837 Agent (or software agent) 2999 A stochastic game 3064 Agent-based computational models 2898 Astrategy 3064 Agent-based model 58 Abelian group 2780 Agent-based modeling 1767 Absolute temperature 940 Agent-based modeling (ABM) 39 Absorbing state 1080 Agent-based simulation 18, 88 Abstract game 675 Aggregation 862 Abstract game of network formation with respect to Aggregation operators 122 irreflexive dominance 2044 Aging 2564, 2611 Abstract game of network formation with respect to path Algebra 2925 dominance 2044 Algebraic models 2898 Accuracy 161, 827 Algorithm 2496 Accuracy (rate) 862 Algorithmic complexity of object x 132 Achievable mate 3235 Algorithmic self-assembly of DNA tiles 1894 Action profile 3023 Allowable set of partners 3234 Action set 3023 Almost equicontinuous CA 914, 3212 Action type 2656 Alphabet of a cellular automaton 1 Activation function 813 ˛-Level set and support 1240 Activator 622 Alternating independent-2-paths 2953 Active membranes 1851 Alternating k-stars 2953 Actors 2029 Alternating k-triangles 2953 Adaptation 39 Amorphous computer 147 Adaptive system 1619 Analog 3187 Additive cellular automata 1 Analog circuit 3260 Additively separable preferences 3235 Ancilla qubits 2478 Adiabatic switching 1998 Anisotropic elements 754 Adjacency matrix 1746, 3114 Annealed law 2564 Adjacent 2864, 2981 Annotations 58 Adjoint conjugate operator 1381 Anomalous diffusion 1724 Adoption 2940 Ant colony optimization 3150 Adverse selection (hidden information) 2253 Ant colony optimization (ACO) 39 Affiliation network 2925 Antibody 1576 Affine CA 965 Antigen 1576 Affinity 1576 Antigen presenting cells (APC) 1576 3398 List of Glossary Terms Aperiodic tile set 3198 Basic reproduction rate 1535 Apparent exponent 2267 Basins of attraction 1 Approximation 2761 Bayes’ theorem; prior, likelihood and posterior Approximation space 2761 distributions 254 Arc 2864 Bayesian equilibrium 238 Arrow 2981 Bayesian game 238, 695 Arrow’s impossibility theorem 3280 Bayesian learning 1695 Artificial chemistry 39 Bayesian parametric and non-parametric modeling 254 Artificial intelligence (AI) 1619 Bayesian–Nash equilibrium 1837 Artificial life (ALife) 39 BB84 2453 Artificial neural network 813 Beam splitter 2437 Artificial neural network (ANN) 39 Behavior 204, 2029 Artificial neuron 813 Behavior strategy 1695, 2830 Aspects 58 Behavioral strategy 2620 Asymmetric information 2253 Behavioral type 2830 Asymptotic density 1499 Belief learning 1695 Asymptotic negligibility 1801 Bell inequality 2437 Asymptotic shape 1499 Bell states 2437 Asynchronous circuit 1998 Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction 2594 Attendance 1863 Bernoulli measure 966 Attraction basin 914 Besicovitch pseudometrics 914 Attractor 914, 3212 Bessel process 3075 Attribute 827, 862, 2761, 2864 BGK models 407 Attribute (also feature or variable) 1781 BGP (border gateway protocol) 1663 Attribute node 827 Bi-directional QKD, or “Plug & play” QKD 2453 Attributed-based data model (ABDM) 1369 Billiard ball model 2685 Attributes 58 Binarization 862 Autocatalytic set 39, 185 Binary neighborhood system (binary granular model; Automata 1292 binary GrC model) 1404 Automated planning 1706 Binary relation 2981 Autonomous 39 Biologically-inspired computational algorithm 39 Autonomous information system 690 Biologically-inspired optimization 774 Autonomous system (AS) 1663 Bipartite graph 2981 Autonomy 105, 2578 Bipartite network 2864 Avalanche 2780 BIRCH 1681 Avalanche photodiode (APD) 2437 Bit 2388, 2496 Avalanches 285 Bit-flip 2454 Average class accuracy 862 Bit-flip error 2478 Average distance 3170 Black box model 2303, 2334 Avida 39 Block 2226 Block mapping 76 Blocking word 914, 3212 B Blockmodel 2226, 2912 Bcell 1576 Blockmodel image 2226 B92 2453 Blockmodeling 2226, 2898, 2981 Babbage engine 1998 Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy 940 Babbling equilibrium 2830 Boolean algebra 2496 Back-propagation 1619 Boolean functions 789 Bag 1404 Bose–Einstein particles 2388 Balance theories 2898 Bottom-up fabrication 1998 Balanced multiwavelet 1981 Boundary region 2761 List of Glossary Terms 3399 Bounded-rationality 18 Classification 827, 862 Box splines 1939, 2168 Classification accuracy 862 BQP complexity class 2351 Classification of objects 1465 Brownian motion 1998, 2564, 3075 Classification task 790 B-splines 2168 Classifier 827, 862 BSS 161 Clausius entropy 940 Bytecode 58 Climate change 897 CLIQUE 1681 C Clique 2864 Clonal selection theory 1576 C++ 58 Closing CA 3212 C# 58 Closure 185 CA 407 Closure property 359 CACTUS 1681 Closure relation 1381 Cadherins 456 Club 1801 Carbon nanotube 1998 Cluster 1681 Case 790 Cluster analysis 561 Case-based reasoning 1347 Cluster State 2437 Cauchy–Schwarz inequality 1382 Clustering coefficient 3170 CCDF 1663 CNOT gate 2478 Cell 407, 465 Co-clustering 1681 Cell fate 527 Coevolution 39, 1043 Cell lineage 528 Coherent light 2138 Cell type 527 Coherent superposition 2406 Cellular automata 1, 337, 382, 443, 965 Cointension 1177 Cellular automata (CA) 39, 3198 Collective or social choice problem 3280 Cellular automata rule 1 Collision 407 Cellular automaton 298, 312, 325, 359, 407, 1094, 1499, Collision-based computer 2594 1564, 1998, 2157, 2594, 2668, 2780, 2792, 2999, 3150 Column subshift 3212 Cellular automaton (CA) 434, 1043 Combinators 1767 Cellular automaton with block rules 2668 Common intermediate language 58 Cellular programming 1043 Common prior and consistent beliefs 238 Cellular-computing architecture 3150 Common values 3280 Central limit theorem, the 1066 Communication channel 2496 Centrality 2912 Community 490 CHAMELEON 1681 Compatible observables 1381 Change determination process 2029 Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) Change opportunity model 2029 1998 Chaos 2780 Complete 2864 Characteristic function form game 675 Complete information 2656 Characteristic or coalitional function 666 Completely revealing strategy 2635 Cheap-talk game 2830 Complex adaptive system (CAS) 39 (Chemical) Organization 185 Complex dynamics 2611 Chemotaxis 456 Complex (MHC) 1576 Choice set of f 2 F from A W(Chf (A)) 3235 Complex system 39, 2286 Chordal SLE 3075 Complexity 76 Church–Turing (CT) computation 161 Complexity in space 1131 Church–Turing thesis, the 3187 Complexity in time 1131 Class 58 Component 2864 Classical computer 2334 Compositionality 1767 Classical computing 2388 Computable 1821 3400 List of Glossary Terms Computation 465 Cost sharing problem 724 Computational algebra systems 58 Cost sharing rule 724 Computational complexity 2303, 2334 Coulomb blockade 1998 Computational mathematics systems 58 Coupler link rules 3114 Computational particle 147 COV 1274 Computational universality 443, 1998 Covariates 2029 Computer 2496 Crawling 1746 Computer architecture 1998 Criterion 2727 Computer generated imagery (CGI) 604 Critical behavior 2157 Computer language 58 Critical curves 3075 Computer programming language 58 Critical dimension 1080 Computing 465, 3187 Critical phenomena 407 Computing agent 2578 Critical phenomenon 1644 Condensation 2878 Critical properties and scaling 285 Condition D1 2830 Criticality (in physics) 2286 Condorcet jury theorem 3280 Cross section 3212 Condorcet paradox 3280 Crossbar array 1998 Condorcet winner 3291 Crossover 1309 Configuration 2351, 2792 Cryptography 2496 Configuration space and the shift 965 C-SIGN 2437 Conformal invariance 3075 CSS code 2478 Conformal transformation 3075 Cumulated payoff 1863 Confusion matrix 862 CURE 1681 Connectance(C) 1155 Current mirror 3260 Connected 2981 Curse of dimensionality 774 Connectivity matrix 1681 Cut 2878 Conservation law 407 CWT 2121 Consistent estimator 2267 Cycle 2981 Construction 2792 Cyclic mapping 76 Construction universality 1998 Cyclic states 1 Consumer-resource interactions 1155 Cyclic triad 2953 Continuation game 1292 Continuity equation 407 D Continuous problem 2334 Continuous space machine (CSM) 2138 Dark count 2454 Continuous time random walk 1724 Data cleaning 862 Continuous two-sided matching model 3234 Data (information) model 1369 Continuum limit 3075 Data (information) table 1369 Convex 2564 Data mining 774, 862, 1321, 1421, 1444, 2702 Cooperative game 666 Data object 862 Core 666, 724, 1801 Data preprocessing/preparation 862 Core group 1535 Data set 862 Corrections to scaling 2267 Database 2702 Correlated equilibrium 238 DBSCAN 1681 Correlation 705 Decentralized control 39 Correlation function 705, 1080 Decidability 359 Correlation length 3075 Decision node 827 Correlation time 2267 Decision problem 3199 Cost function 724 Decision rule 790, 1347, 1465, 2727 Cost of an algorithm 2334 Decision system 1464 Cost of voting 3280 Decision systems 789 List of Glossary Terms 3401 Decision tree 1564 Discrete ridgelet trasnform (DRT) 754 Decision under uncertainty 2727 Discrete two-sided matching model 3234 Declarative language 58 Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) 3316 Decoherence 2406, 2496 Discrete multiwavelet transform (DMWT) 1981 Decoupler link rules 3114 Discretization 862, 2772 Defect-tolerant 1998 Distance 2864, 3170 Defuzzification 1619 Distance functions (metrics) 790 Degeneracy (or near-degeneracy) 2953 Divinity 2830 Degree 1488, 1663, 2864, 3114 DLA 407 Degree rank 1663 DNA 228, 882 Delay-insensitive circuit 1998 DNA binary counter 1894 ı-function 1381 DNA circuit 1894 Demand game 724 DNA computing 1894 Demand revelation game 724 DNA logic gate 1894 Dendritic cell 1576
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