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Archaeological Assessment at Timolin Co. Kildare on Behalf of Irish Water

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Archaeological Assessment at Timolin Co. Kildare on Behalf of Irish Water ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AT TIMOLIN CO. KILDARE ON BEHALF OF IRISH WATER AUTHOR: PAUL DUFFY NOVEMBER 2015 Timolin, Archaeological Assessment County Kildare ABSTRACT Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd has prepared this report on behalf of Irish Water, to study the impact, if any, on the archaeological and historical resource of the proposed development of a Septic Tank, Treatment Plant and Percolation Area (OS Sheet KD036). The report was undertaken by Paul Duffy of IAC Ltd. The proposed development area is situated within a plot of land to the rear of two separate housing developments. The plot contains the existing Kildare County Council settlement tank, percolation area and stand pipes. The plot has seen recent ground disturbance and dumping which has resulted in an uneven surface covered in weeds and scrub. The Record of Monuments and Places locates recorded monument KD036-026 - a castle site - within the footprint of the proposed development area. This appears to be based on anecdotal evidence collected in 1903 in which the informant recounts having seen ‘ancient thick walls with arches in them, some thirty years ago [c. 1870] standing at the back of the one-sided street of Timolin, not far from the mill, in a plot formerly held by a man named Darby Doolan’. This ‘one-sided street’ is not immediately evident from the historic mapping but it must refer to the road leading through the village south-eastwards to the mill. This places the observed remains within the vicinity of the proposed development area. Evidence from the historic mapping however suggests that the proposed development area may have been occupied by burgess plots in the medieval period, indicating that the proposed development area is unlikely to represent the castle site. Further, the field inspection of the site revealed that no features relating to such a castle survive within the proposed development area. A further 15 recorded monuments are located within 500m of the proposed development area. These include St. Mullins Church which is a listed as a Protected Structure (RPS Site B36-40) in the Kildare County Development Plan. A mill race borders the southeastern boundary of the proposed development area. This millrace is associated with Timolin Corn and Saw Mills which is a Protected Structure listed as RPS Site B36-24 in the Kildare County Development Plan. This mill complex represents an industrial archaeological site. There may be a direct negative impact upon the recorded monument, which is listed as the site of a castle (KD036-026) and is believed to be located within or in close proximity to the proposed development. This would be caused by ground disturbances associated with the proposed development. In addition, there will be a direct negative impact upon the potential relict burgage plots within the footprint of the proposed development area and any associated archaeological remains that have the potential to survive in the area without surface expression. This would be caused by ground disturbances associated with the proposed development. Timolin, Archaeological Assessment County Kildare It has therefore been recommended that further investigations be carried out within the proposed development area, such as geophysical survey and/or archaeological test trenching. These works should be carried out by an archaeologist under licence to the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Full provision should be made for the resolution of any archaeological features/deposits that may be discovered, should that be deemed to be the most appropriate manner in which to proceed. Timolin, Archaeological Assessment County Kildare CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. I CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... III List of Figures ............................................................................................................ iv List of Plates .............................................................................................................. iv 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 General ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The Development ............................................................................................ 1 2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 2 2.1 Paper Survey .................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Field Inspection ............................................................................................... 4 3 RESULTS OF DESKTOP STUDY ......................................................................... 5 3.1 Archaeological and Historical Background ...................................................... 5 3.2 Summary of Previous Archaeological Fieldwork ........................................... 12 3.3 Cartographic Analysis .................................................................................... 13 3.4 County Development Plan ............................................................................ 14 3.5 Aerial Photographic Analysis ......................................................................... 15 4 RESULTS OF FIELD INSPECTION ..................................................................... 16 4.1 Field Inspection ............................................................................................. 16 4.2 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 16 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGY ...................................... 18 5.1 Impact Assessment........................................................................................ 18 5.2 Mitigation ...................................................................................................... 18 6 REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 20 APPENDIX 1 SMR/RMP SITES WITHIN THE SURROUNDING AREA ........................ I APPENDIX 2 STRAY FINDS WITHIN THE SURROUNDING AREA ......................... VIII APPENDIX 3 LEGISLATION PROTECTING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ..... XII APPENDIX 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND THE CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE XVI APPENDIX 5 MITIGATION MEASURES AND THE CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE XVIII FIGURES PLATES Timolin, Archaeological Assessment County Kildare LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Site location Figure 2 Extract from the RMP map showing the proposed development area Figure 3 Current ground plan of proposed development area Figure 4 Extract from the Down Survey map of the Barony of Noragh and Rabane (1654-6) showing the approximate location of the proposed development area Figure 5 Extract from Noble and Keenan’s map of Kildare 1752 showing the approximate location of the proposed development area Figure 6 Extract from Taylors map of Kildare (1783) showing the approximate location of the proposed development area Figure 7 Extract from the first edition 6-inch OS map (1837-8) showing the proposed development area Figure 8 Extract from the first edition 6-inch OS map (1837-8) showing the Fair Green to the northeast of the proposed development area Figure 9 Extract from the 25-inch OS map (1906-9) showing the proposed development area LIST OF PLATES Plate 1 Fencing surrounding the septic tank, facing east Plate 2 Septic tank covers, facing southeast Plate 3 Route of former millrace at southeastern boundary of proposed development area, facing east Plate 4 Overgrown and uneven character of the eastern portion of the proposed development area Plate 5 Manhole towards centre of proposed development area, facing northwest towards septic tank Plate 6 Proposed development area with pasture field to right and allotments to left, facing northwest Plate 7 Adjacent field, showing ground sloping upwards to the northwest and large dumps of spoil/garden waste to the left Plate 8 View northwest along possible relict burgage plot Timolin, Archaeological Assessment County Kildare 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL The following report details an archaeological assessment undertaken in advance of a proposed septic tank, water treatment plant and percolation area development at Timolin, County Kildare (Figure 1). This assessment has been carried out to ascertain the potential impact of the proposed development on the archaeological and historical resource that may exist within the area. The assessment was undertaken by Paul Duffy of Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd, on behalf of Irish Water. The archaeological assessment involved a detailed study of the archaeological and historical background of the proposed development site and the surrounding area. This included information from the Record of Monuments and Places of County Kildare, the topographical files within the National Museum and all available cartographic and documentary sources for the area. A field inspection has also been carried out with the aim to identify any previously unrecorded features of archaeological or historical interest. 1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT Irish Water propose to construct a septic tank, water treatment plant and percolation area on Kildare County Council owned lands within the townland and village of Timolin. The project involves
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