200 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS "2. Urges the parties concerned to act with the CONSIDERATION BY SECURITY COUNCIL utmost restraint and to make determined efforts with (15 ) a view to achieving the objectives of the Security SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1338. Council; S/7633, S/7634, S/7636. Requests by Greece, Turkey "3. Extends the stationing in Cyprus of the Peace-Keeping Force, established under the and Cyprus to participate in Council's debate. S/7635. , , , Mali, , Security Council resolution of 4 , for a Uganda, Uruguay: draft resolution. period of six months ending 26 December 1966, in the RESOLUTION 231(1966), as proposed by 7 powers, firm hope that by the end of this period substantial S/7635, adopted unanimously by Council on 15 progress towards a solution will have been achieved December 1966, meeting 1338. so as to render possible a withdrawal or a substantial reduction of the Force." "The Security Council, "Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of COMMUNICATIONS FOR PERIOD 8 December 1966 (S/7611 and Corr.1 and Add.1) 16 JUNE-15 DECEMBER 1966 that in the present circumstances the United Nations S/7374. Letter of 23 from Cyprus. Peace-Keeping Force in Cyprus is still needed if peace S/7375 and Corr.1. Letter of 23 June 1966 from is to be maintained in the island, Turkey. "Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed S/7376 and Corr.1. Letter of 21 June 1966 from that in view of the prevailing conditions in the island Secretary-General to Governments containing furth- it is necessary to continue the Force beyond 26 De- er appeal for voluntary contributions for financing cember 1966, of UNFICYP. "1. Reaffirms its resolutions 186(1964) of 4 S/7377, S/7378. Letters of 24 June 1966 from Turkey. March, 187(1964) of 13 March, 192(1964) of 20 S/7396. Letter of 2 from Cyprus. June, 193(1964) of 9 August, 194(1964) of 25 Sep- S/7418. Report by Secretary-General dated 20 July tember and 198(1964) of 18 , 201 1966 on situation in Cyprus. (1965) of 19 March, 206(1965) of 15 June, 207 S/7439. Letter of 28 July 1966 from Turkey. (1965) of 10 August and 219(1965) of 17 December S/7457. Letter of 12 from Cyprus. 1965, 220(1966) of 16 March and 222(1966) of 16 S/7465. Letter of 17 August 1966 from Turkey. June 1966, and the consensus expressed by the Presi- S/7467. Letter of 20 August 1966 from Cyprus. dent at the 1143rd meeting on 11 ; S/7473. Letter of 23 August 1966 from Turkey. "2. Urges the parties concerned to act with the S/7475, S/7499. Letters of 24 August and 19 Septem- utmost restraint and to continue determined co-opera- ber 1966 from Cyprus. tive efforts to achieve the objectives of the Security S/7505, S/7507, S/7527. Letters of 23 September and Council; 3 from Turkey. "3. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus S/7531. Letter of 6 October 1966 from Cyprus. of the United Nations Peace-Keeping Force, estab- S/7532. Letter of 4 October 1966 from Secretary- lished under Security Council resolution 186(1964), General to Governments containing further appeal for a further period of six months ending 26 June for voluntary contributions for financing of 1967, in the expectation that sufficient progress to- UNFICYP. wards a solution by then will make possible a with- S/7538. Letter of 10 October 1966 from Turkey. drawal or substantial reduction of the Force." S/7631. Letter of 10 December 1966 from Turkey. SUBSEQUENT COMMUNICATIONS AND REPORT OF SECRETARY-GENERAL REPORT BY SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR PERIOD S/7643. Note by Secretary-General dated 20 Decem- 11 JUNE-5 DECEMBER 1966 ber 1966. S/7611 and Corr.1 and Add.1. Report by Secretary- S/7645. Letter of 20 December 1966 from Turkey. General dated 8 December 1966 on United Nations S/7969. Report by Secretary-General dated 13 June Operation in Cyprus (for period 11 June to 5 1967 on United Nations Operation in Cyprus (cov- December 1966). ering period of 6 December 1966 to 12 ).

CHAPTER XIV QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS, MEMBERSHIP AND THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER APPOINTMENT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

The term of office of as Secretary- expire on 3 , an item entitled General of the United Nations being due to "Appointment of the Secretary-General of the QUESTIONS RELATING TO UNITED NATIONS ORGANS, MEMBERSHIP AND CHARTER 201 United Nations" was placed on the agenda of Members of the Organization, the Secretary- the twenty-first regular session of the General General continued, were surely aware of his Assembly which opened on 20 . abiding concern for peace. The state of affairs In a statement addressed to the members of the in South-East Asia was a source of grave con- Security Council and to all Permanent Repre- cern, not only to the parties directly involved sentatives of the United Nations on 1 September, and to the major powers, but also to other Mem- the Secretary-General, U Thant, said that he bers of the Organization, as it was to him per- had decided not to offer himself for a second sonally. The cruelty of that war and the suffer- term as Secretary-General, and to leave the Se- ing it caused the people of Viet-Nam were a curity Council unfettered in its recommendation constant reproach to the conscience of human- to the Assembly with regard to the next Secre- ity. For many months, it had seemed to him that tary-General. It was his belief, as he had said the pressure of events was remorselessly leading more than once in the past, that a Secretary- towards a major war, while efforts to reverse General of the United Nations should not nor- that trend were lagging disastrously behind. The mally serve for more than one term. Secretary-General considered that the tragic In his statement, the Secretary-General also error was being repeated of relying on force and referred to some of the problems which the Or- military means in a deceptive pursuit of peace. ganization had had to face since he was first He was convinced that peace in South-East appointed, but he stressed that he did not wish Asia could be obtained only through respect for to relate them to the variety of considerations— the principles agreed upon at in 1954 personal, official and political—which had in- and for those contained in the Charter. He also fluenced his own decision. expressed a sense of dissatisfaction with the fact While the financial solvency of the Organiza- that the Organization had not yet achieved uni- tion had not yet been assured, he said there was versality of membership. no longer the same sense of crisis and anxiety on Many of the problems facing the world today, that score and he remained hopeful that substan- he added, became more intractable because of tial voluntary contributions would be forthcom- this circumstance. This, for example, was true ing which would place the Organization on a of the lack of progress in such vital fields as basis of complete solvency so that it could face disarmament. the great tasks ahead with confidence. It thus happened that, owing mainly to the In respect of peace-keeping, the Secretary- international situation and to circumstances be- General observed, the promise held out by the yond the control of the Organization, no decisive demonstrated usefulness and success of the Or- progress had been made by Member Govern- ganization's extensive operations in recent years ments in the co-operative efforts which were had remained unfulfilled because of the continu- essential if the Organization was to serve effec- ing failure to agree on basic principles. In his tively the cause of peace and to contribute sig- judgement, the Secretary-General said, it was nificantly to the economic development of the important that the United Nations, in conform- poorer regions of the world. ity with the United Nations Charter, should be In conclusion, the Secretary-General expressed enabled to function effectively in that field. his abiding and unshakable faith in the United No less important was the task of peace-build- Nations and in its ultimate success. Despite the ing. In this regard, he noted that the United difficulties facing the Organization, he believed Nations Development Decade, while it had and hoped that the world would continue its fallen short of its modest objectives, had stimu- efforts to develop the United Nations as an in- lated the efforts of the United Nations to equip dispensable instrument for the attainment of a itself with more effective means—the consoli- peaceful and just world order—a task to which dated United Nations Development Programme, he pledged his personal support and whole- the United Nations Conference on Trade and hearted devotion. Development, and the United Nations Industrial Following a Security Council meeting held in Development Organization—of tackling some of private on 29 September, it was announced that the basic problems of development. there was a consensus that the Council members 202 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS welcomed a statement made by the Secretary- cision which the entire Organization would be General [at a press conference] on 19 Septem- able to welcome. ber that he was ready to consider serving until In response, the Secretary-General said it the end of the General Assembly's twenty-first gave him particular pleasure to accept the ex- session, and that, taking into account the great tension because, as he had explained before, he positive role played by the Secretary-General, did not believe it advisable, under normal cir- U Thant, in the activities of the United Nations, cumstances, to change the Secretary-General the Council members further expressed their while the Assembly was in session. This exten- confidence in him and considered that if he sion also enabled him to continue working closely should express willingness to serve another term with the President and the entire membership as the Secretary-General, it would fully meet the in co-operative and constructive efforts designed desires of the members of the Council. to strengthen the Organization's effectiveness On 28 October, the Security Council held an- and capacity to serve the cause of world peace other private meeting and adopted a resolution and human betterment. The Secretary-General (227(1966)) by which, confirming the con- shared the wish that the question would be sensus adopted on 29 September and recalling finally settled well before the end of the session, that it had welcomed the Secretary-General's adding that his own decision would have to take statement of 19 September, it recommended to into account a variety of considerations to which the General Assembly, pending further consid- he had referred previously, including the long- eration by the Council of the question of the term interests of the Organization and the out- appointment of the Secretary-General, that it look for peace in Asia and elsewhere in the extend the appointment of U Thant as Secre- world. tary-General until the end of the Assembly's At a private meeting of the Security Council twenty-first regular session. (For text of resolu- held on 2 December 1966, the President made a tion, See DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.) statement on behalf of the Council which was The Security Council's resolution was con- made public in an official communique, together sidered by the General Assembly on 1 Novem- with a statement by the Secretary-General and ber. On that day, the Assembly unanimously the text of a resolution adopted by the Council adopted a resolution (2147(XXI)) extending at that meeting. the appointment of U Thant as Secretary-Gen- In his statement made on behalf of the Coun- eral of the United Nations until the end of the cil, the President said that, after taking all con- Assembly's twenty-first regular session. (For text siderations into account, the members of the of resolution, see DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES Council had agreed that the higher interests of below.) the Organization would be best served if U The resolution to this effect was sponsored Thant continued in the post of Secretary-Gen- in the Assembly by Argentina, Bulgaria, Japan, eral. Aware of his intention not to offer himself Jordan, Mali, the Netherlands, , for a second term, they had weighed the Secre- Nigeria, Uganda and Uruguay—the non-perma- tary-General's wish that they examine the pos- nent members of the Security Council. sibility of another nominee. Whatever their Following the adoption of this resolution, the views on the observations he had made, they President of the General Assembly, noting that fully respected his position and his action in the sentiments of the entire membership had bringing basic issues confronting the Organiza- been known during the General Debate (at the tion and disturbing developments in many parts opening phase of the session), declared that of the world to their notice, as he had done in there was an obvious determination on the part his statement of 1 September to which they had of the entire membership that the Secretary- accorded their closest attention. General must be enabled to function in his high The members of the Security Council, the office in the most effective manner possible. He statement continued, wished to ask the Secre- expressed the hope that before the session ended, tary-General to recognize with them that the the Secretary-General would have reached a de- Organization should continue to be served by a QUESTIONS RELATING TO UNITED NATIONS ORGANS, MEMBERSHIP AND CHARTER 203 Secretary-General who had the demonstrated tions. (For text of resolution, see DOCUMENTARY capacity to evoke the co-operation and confi- REFERENCES below.) dence of all Members of the United Nations. Also on 2 December and acting on the Secur- His wide support among all Members was an ity Council's recommendation, the General As- important factor which should be preserved in sembly, endorsing the Council's statement that, order to help the Organization continue to face in view of his proven qualities and high sense its problems constructively and play its role in of duty, the reappointment of U Thant would maintaining peace and security. The Council, be most conducive to the larger interests and therefore, conscious of his proven qualities and purposes of the Organization, appointed U his high sense of duty, had unanimously decided Thant as Secretary-General of the United Na- to appeal to U Thant's dedication to the Or- tions for another term of office, ending 31 De- ganization and to ask him to continue to serve cember 1971. for another full term as Secretary-General. The This decision was embodied in resolution 2161 Council hoped that the Secretary-General would (XXI) of 2 December 1966, which was unani- accept its appeal, and thereupon it would make mously adopted by secret ballot on the proposal the appropriate recommendation to the As- of Uruguay. (For text, see DOCUMENTARY REF- sembly. ERENCES below.) In his statement which was read out by the Following adoption of the resolution, the As- President and quoted in the Council's official sembly's President said he had been authorized communique of 2 December 1966, the Secretary- by Members to commend the Secretary-General General expressed gratitude to the Council for for his reconsideration of his position and his its serious consideration of the question and for positive response to their wishes. The President its sympathetic understanding of the reasons also read out to the Assembly a letter he had which had impelled him to announce his inten- addressed to the Secretary-General on 11 No- tion not to offer himself for a second term. vember 1966 in which, he said, he had sought The Secretary-General said that in taking note to express the earnest desires and serious con- of the Council's observations, he recognized the cern of Member States and the general under- validity of the reasons it had advanced in re- standing of the Secretary-General's attitude. Ex- questing him to serve for another full term. He isting problems confronting the United Nations, noted with particular appreciation that the he had said in the letter, were but additional Council respected his position and his action in reasons why U Thant should remain in office. bringing to the notice of the Organization basic Addressing the Assembly on 2 December after issues confronting it and disturbing develop- his appointment, the Secretary-General said ments in many parts of the world. The Secre- that, in accepting a fresh five-year term, he tary-General hoped that the close attention be- wished to make it clear that his decision to do ing given to these issues and developments would so was not based on any new element which had serve to strengthen the Organization by the co- developed in recent weeks or on any fond hope operative effort of the entire membership and for the foreseeable future. The observations promote the cause of world peace and progress. which he had made on 1 September in drawing It was in this hope that he acceded to the ap- attention to some of the basic issues before the peal addressed to him by the Security Council. United Nations and disturbing developments After hearing the statements, the communique in many parts of the world still represented his reported, the Security Council adopted a resolu- present convictions. He remained concerned at tion (229(1966)) whereby, conscious of U the lack of advance in international co-opera- Thant's proven qualities and high sense of duty, tion and in making the United Nations more and believing that his reappointment would be truly representative of the state of the world. At most conducive to the larger interests and pur- the same time, he noted with particular appre- poses of the Organization, it recommended the ciation that the Security Council respected his appointment of U Thant for another term of position in bringing these issues and develop- office as Secretary-General of the United Na- ments to the notice of the United Nations Mem- 204 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS bers. He earnestly hoped that these problems and he would continue to regard it as his duty would continue to receive close attention. to make every effort on a personal basis to help In some respects, he added, the current As- promote a solution that would bring peace and sembly session had made some real progress. He justice to the people of Viet-Nam. had also been encouraged to believe that in the A difficult, indeed, a crucial, period lay ahead near future the financial situation of the Organ- of the Organization, the Secretary-General con- ization would be greatly alleviated. From his tinued, stressing the need for giving close atten- private consultations, he was confirmed in his tion to the basic problems facing the world and belief that there was a sincere desire to reach an for renewed and sincere efforts towards peace agreement with regard to the main principles of and progress that should be soon undertaken peace-keeping operations. through a revived respect for the high principles The threats to peace in many parts of the and purposes of the Charter. world, particularly in Viet-Nam, the Secretary- Although little had happened to brighten the General went on to say, were a continuing outlook for the months ahead, the Secretary- source of anxiety and anguish to him. Noting General said his conviction stood undiminished that there had been a general agreement reached that the United Nations remained the best in- a few days earlier with regard to a brief pause strument by which nations might co-operate for in the fighting in Viet-Nam on the occasion of the peace and development of their people. His and other holidays, he hoped that acceptance of an extended mandate, he said, what had been made possible for just a couple stemmed out of this deep conviction as much as of days might soon prove feasible for a longer out of a sense of duty. Reaffirming his oath of period so that an atmosphere might be created office, he also assured the Members of the Or- which was necessary for meaningful talks to be ganization that all his faith and all his efforts held in the quest for a peaceful solution. The were unhesitatingly pledged to maintaining and imperative necessity of undertaking new efforts developing the Organization as an indispensable for peace was being underlined by the continu- centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in ing intensification of the war. This problem had the attainment of their common ends and as an been uppermost in his mind for a long time and increasingly effective instrument for peace and it would continue to be so. He would seize every development. occasion to recall that this war must be ended

DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES

SECURITY COUNCIL, meetings 1301, 1311. GENERAL ASSEMBLY——21ST SESSION Plenary Meeting 1455. S/7481. Letter of 1 September 1966 from Secretary- General to members of Security Council. A/6400. Letter of 1 September 1966 from Secretary- RESOLUTION 227(1966) adopted on 28 October 1966, General to all Permanent Representatives to United meeting 1311. Nations. A/6490. Letter of 28 October 1966 from President "The Security Council, of Security Council to President of General Assem- "Confirming the consensus adopted at its 1301st bly transmitting resolution adopted by Security meeting, on 29 September 1966, Council on 28 October 1966, meeting 1311. "Recalling that, as a part of that consensus, its A/L.491. Argentina, Bulgaria, Japan, Jordan, Mali, members welcomed the statement of the Secretary- Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Uganda, Uru- General on 19 September 1966 that he is ready to guay: draft resolution. consider serving until the end of the present twenty- RESOLUTION 2147(xxi), as proposed by 10 powers, first session of the General Assembly, A/L.491, adopted unanimously by Assembly, by "Recommends to the General Assembly, pending secret ballot, on 1 November 1966, meeting 1455. further consideration by the Security Council of the question of the appointment of the Secretary-General, "The General Assembly, that it extend the appointment of U Thant as Secre- "Acting in accordance with the recommendation tary-General of the United Nations until the end of contained in Security Council resolution 227(1966) the twenty-first regular session of the General of 28 October 1966, and pending further consideration Assembly." of the present item, QUESTIONS RELATING TO UNITED NATIONS ORGANS, MEMBERSHIP AND CHARTER 205 "Extends the appointment of U Thant as Secretary- bly transmitting Security Council resolution of 2 General of the United Nations until the end of the December 1966. twenty-first regular session of the General Assembly." A/L.503. Uruguay: draft resolution. SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1329. RESOLUTION 2161(xxi), as proposed by Uruguay, RESOLUTION 229(1966) adopted on 2 December 1966, A/L.503, adopted unanimously by Assembly by se- meeting 1329. cret ballot on 2 December 1966, meeting 1483. "The Security Council, "The General Assembly, "Conscious of his proven qualities and high sense "Acting in accordance with the recommendation of duty, and believing that his reappointment would be most conducive to the larger interests and purposes contained in Security Council resolution 229(1966) of the Organization, of 2 December 1966, "Recommends the appointment of U Thant for "Endorsing the statement contained in the above- another term of office as Secretary-General of the mentioned resolution that, in view of his proven United Nations." qualities and high sense of duty, the reappointment of U Thant would be most conducive to the larger inter- GENERAL ASSEMBLY——21ST SESSION ests and purposes of the Organization, Plenary Meeting 1483. "Appoints U Thant as Secretary-General of the A/6540. Letter of 2 December 1966 from President United Nations for another term of office, ending on of Security Council to President of General Assem- 31 ."

ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS AND RELATED MATTERS ADMISSIONS IN 1966 Poland, from the Chairman of the Council of The number of United Nations Member State of the German Democratic Republic. At States rose to 122 in 1966. Four more States— the written request of Bulgaria, the letter, to- Barbados, , and — gether with an accompanying declaration and were admitted to United Nations membership memorandum, were subsequently circulated as by the General Assembly as recommended by documents of the Council and the General As- the Security Council. The following table indi- sembly. The letter contained an application cates the dates of United Nations actions: from the German Democratic Republic for membership in the United Nations. The memo- Recommendation Date of Admission randum stated that the German Democratic Applicant Date of Council by Assembly Guyana 21 June 1966 20 September 1966 Republic was a peace-loving sovereign State Botswana 14 October 1966 17 October 1966 which met all requirements for membership in Lesotho 14 October 1966 17 October 1966 the United Nations and was willing and able Barbados 7 December 1966 9 December 1966 to fulfil all obligations arising therefrom. Its The admission of these four States was unani- membership in the United Nations would help mously recommended by the Security Council it to implement its policy to safeguard peace in on the dates indicated in the table above. Sub- Europe, and would at the same time contribute sequently, at plenary meetings of the General to the universality of the United Nations. Assembly, on the dates shown above, all four The German Democratic Republic said it was States were unanimously declared admitted to fully aware that for the last 16 years two sov- United Nations membership. ereign German States had been in existence on German territory, and had developed independ- COMMUNICATIONS CONCERNING ently. Peaceful understanding and the normali- QUESTION OF MEMBERSHIP zation of relations between the two German IN THE UNITED NATIONS States were essential pre-conditions for their LETTER FROM BULGARIA REQUESTING CIRCULATION peaceful reunification, and the Government of OF APPLICATION OF GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC the German Democratic Republic was convinced FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE UNITED NATIONS, AND OTHER that its admission to the United Nations would COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORTING THE APPLICATION further that goal. The admission of the West On 2 , the Secretary-General for- German Federal Republic to the United Nations warded to the members of the Security Council would also serve that aim. copies of a letter he had received, through The German Democratic Republic had con- 206 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS scientiously and consistently fulfilled all obliga- whole German people was contradicted by the tions arising from the Potsdam Agreement, and de facto situation and the existing international its policy had always been in conformity with agreements. The existence of two German States the United Nations Charter, the memorandum —the German Democratic Republic and the added. Since 1954, the German Democratic Re- Federal Republic of Germany—in the territory public had unreservedly exercised all sovereign of the former Reich was an indisputable fact. rights and maintained diplomatic, consular and The admission of the two German States would other official relations with numerous States. It not in any degree affect the provisions of Article had for years attentively followed the work of 107 of the United Nations Charter concerning the United Nations and had participated active- the validity of the Allied Agreements adopted ly in the work of numerous United Nations as a result of the Second World War. (For texts bodies and specialized agencies. All these facts of Articles 4 and 107, see APPENDIX II.) clearly proved that the German Democratic Re- Rejected as groundless were arguments about public was able and willing to carry out the the alleged rights of the Federal Republic of obligations arising from the United Nations Germany to represent the population not only Charter. of the Federal Republic itself but also of the In further communications to the Council German Democratic Republic. The Federal Re- received between March and August 1966, Bul- public could not represent a people to which its garia, the Byelorussian SSR, , Czechoslo- jurisdiction did not extend, the USSR pointed vakia, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, out. The Constitution of the Federal Republic, the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR supported and the Conventions (signed in 1954 by the application of the German Democratic Re- the , the , , public for membership in the United Nations. and the Federal Republic of Germany), had In letters of 7 March and 20 , the made it absolutely clear that the authority of USSR said, among other things, that it sup- the Federal Republic was to be exercised only ported the application. Among the points which in its own territory. the USSR made were the following: The ad- The USSR further maintained that admis- mission of the German Democratic Republic sion to the United Nations of the German Dem- would be wholly in keeping with the interests of ocratic Republic and possibly also of the Fed- developing international co-operation and of eral Republic of Germany would contribute to maintaining universal peace and security. The the necessary understanding between the two German Democratic Republic occupied an im- German States and thus to their gradual rap- portant place in the system of international prochement. In fact, any objections raised to the relations and was a serious factor for peace in admission of the German Democratic Republic Europe. The present situation, in which certain or of both German States were, in the last large countries in Central Europe were not analysis, directed equally against any rapproche- represented in the United Nations, reduced the ment between them. effectiveness of the Organization. Moreover, the On 24 September, Bulgaria transmitted to United Nations could not consider itself gen- the Secretary-General a memorandum from the uinely universal if States which wished to con- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the German tribute to its activities and which met the re- Democratic Republic on the latter's application quirements of the United Nations Charter were for United Nations membership. Bulgaria asked denied the chance to participate in the Organi- that it be circulated as a Security Council and zation. Membership was open to all peace-loving General Assembly document. States which accepted the obligations contained In notes of 28 November and 12 December in the Charter. The German Democratic Re- 1966, both the USSR and Bulgaria referred to public was a peace-loving State and fully satis- points raised by France, the United Kingdom fied the requirements laid down for membership and the United States (for details, see below) in Article 4 of the Charter. The assertion that and repeated their position that two German only one of the existing German States—the States had been established since 1949 and both Federal Republic of Germany—represented the of them had developed their own statehood and QUESTIONS RELATING TO UNITED NATIONS ORGANS, MEMBERSHIP AND CHARTER 207 international personality—a fact of political re- On 7 November 1966, France, the United ality that could not be ignored. One-sided and Kingdom and the United States insisted, once discriminatory statements of non-recognition again, that only the Government of the Federal would not alter the fact that the German Demo- Republic of Germany was entitled to speak on cratic Republic existed as a sovereign and inde- behalf of the German people in international pendent State. affairs. They reiterated their view that the so- called German Democratic Republic could not COMMUNICATIONS FROM FRANCE, UNITED KINGDOM be eligible for membership in the United Na- AND UNITED STATES MAINTAINING THAT THE tions and that the attempts to establish it as a SO-CALLED GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC COULD separate State could only frustrate the imple- NOT BE ELIGIBLE FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE UNITED NATIONS, WHICH WAS ONLY OPEN TO STATES mentation of the principle of self-determination In a joint letter of 16 March 1966, France, in Germany and thus make peaceful settlement the United Kingdom and the United States in Europe more difficult. maintained that the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany was the only Government 'S RESUMPTION OF entitled to speak on behalf of the German peo- PARTICIPATION IN THE ple in international affairs, as it was the only WORK OF THE UNITED NATIONS authority in Germany which had come into be- On 20 , it will be recalled, the ing as a result of free elections. The great ma- Deputy Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs of jority of the world community had refused rec- Indonesia formally notified the Secretary-Gen- ognition of the so-called German Democratic eral of the United Nations by letter that "In- Republic and no specialized agency of the Unit- donesia had decided at this stage and under ed Nations had admitted it to any form of present circumstances to withdraw from the active participation whatever. It could not be United Nations." The Secretary-General, reply- eligible for membership in the United Nations ing on 26 , noted the contents of which, according to Article 4 of the United the communication from Indonesia and ex- Nations Charter, was open only to States. (For pressed the hope that in due time Indonesia would resume full co-operation with the United text of Article 4, see APPENDIX II.) 1 In conformity with the agreements concluded Nations. at the end of the Second World War, the letter On 19 September 1966, the Ambassador of recalled, France, the United Kingdom and the Indonesia to the United States sent a telegram United States shared responsibility with the to the Secretary-General, referring to the above- USSR for the settlement of the German ques- mentioned letters and stating that his Govern- tion and for the reunification of Germany. At ment had decided "to resume full co-operation the Geneva Conference on 23 July 1955, the with the United Nations and to resume partici- Heads of Government of the four States had pation in its activities starting with the twenty- agreed that the settlement of the German ques- first session of the General Assembly." (The tion and the reunification of Germany by means Assembly's twenty-first session was scheduled to of free elections should be carried out in con- open on 20 September 1966.) He further an- formity with the national interests of the Ger- nounced that a delegation headed by the Foreign man people and the interests of European se- Minister would arrive to attend the Assembly. curity. For their part, France, the United Upon receipt of this telegram, the Secretary- Kingdom and the United States had always General circulated it to the General Assembly striven to promote a solution of the question by and to the Security Council. implementation of the principle of self-deter- At a plenary meeting of the General Assembly mination and would continue their efforts to on 28 September 1966, the President of the achieve that aim. Attempts to establish the so- Assembly read out the telegram from the Am- called German Democratic Republic as a sep- bassador of Indonesia and recalled the develop- arate State could only frustrate that objective 1 See Y.U.N., 1964, pp. 189-91, for further informa- and thus make a peaceful settlement in Europe tion about these and other related developments in more difficult. 1964. 208 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS ments that had taken place in 1965 regarding mittee, that Indonesia had offered, for the Indonesia's membership in the United Nations. period of its non-participation, to pay 10 per He stated that it appeared from the terms of cent of the amounts which it would have been the telegram that the Government of Indonesia assessed for the regular budget and for the Spe- considered that its recent absence from the Or- cial Account for the United Nations Emergency ganization had been based not upon a with- Force. This would be done on the basis of the drawal from the United Nations but upon a rate (0.39 per cent) proposed for Indonesia in cessation of co-operation. The President said the scale of assessments for the years 1965- that the action taken by the United Nations in 1967, as recommended by the Assembly's Com- the past would not preclude this view and, if mittee on Contributions in its report to the nine- it was shared by the membership in general, the teenth session of the General Assembly. The Secretary-General would give instructions for Secretary-General also stated that, with respect the necessary administrative action to be taken to the period following its resumption of par- for Indonesia to participate again in the activi- ticipation, Indonesia had offered to pay 25 per ties of the Organization. Having ascertained cent of the total amounts which it would have that there was no objection to proceeding in been assessed for 1966 at the 0.39 per cent rate this manner, the President invited the delegation for the regular budget and the Special Account of Indonesia to take its seat in the General As- for the United Nations Emergency Force. This sembly. The Foreign Minister of Indonesia then percentage, it was pointed out, corresponded ap- thanked the President, the Assembly and the proximately to the proportion of the year 1966 Secretary-General for making Indonesia's "re- during which Indonesia would have resumed participation in the United Nations a smooth co-operation with the Organization. The Secre- and happy one." tary-General recommended that these proposals In his statement to the Assembly, the Presi- be accepted by the Fifth Committee. On 16 dent also referred to the financial arrangements December 1966, the Fifth Committee approved to be made in the light of Indonesia's resump- the proposals without discussion. tion of participation in the Organization. He On that day, the Fifth Committee also unani- said it could be assumed that Indonesia would mously approved a draft resolution proposed meet in full its budgetary obligations from the by the Committee on Contributions which pro- time that it was re-seated in the Assembly. For vided, among other things, that for the year the period of non-participation, on the under- 1967 the rate of assessment for Indonesia, which standing that the bond of membership had con- resumed full participation in the Organization tinued during that period, the Secretary-General on 28 September 1966, would be 0.39 per cent. would negotiate an appropriate payment with The General Assembly adopted this text unani- Indonesia and would report the outcome to the mously, on 20 December, as resolution 2440 Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Commit- (XXI). (For text of resolution, see DOCUMENTA- tee for its consideration. RY REFERENCES below.) On 6 December 1966, the Secretary-General (For further details about Indonesia's contri- stated, in a report to the Assembly's Fifth Com- butions, see p. 957.)

DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES ADMISSIONS IN 1966 United Kingdom, Uruguay: draft resolution. RESOLUTION 223(1966), as proposed by six powers, ADMISSION OF GUYANA S/7361, recommending that General Assembly admit SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1287. Guyana to membership in the United Nations, adopted unanimously by Council on 21 June 1966, S/7341, S/7349. Telegram and letter of 4 June 1966 meeting 1287. from Guyana. S/7351, S/7369. Letter of 9 June 1966 from Vene- GENERAL ASSEMBLY——21ST SESSION zuela, and report of Secretary-General concerning Plenary Meeting 1409. credentials. S/7361. Argentina, New Zealand, Nigeria, Uganda, A/6339. Telegram of 4 June 1966 from Guyana QUESTIONS RELATING TO UNITED NATIONS ORGANS, MEMBERSHIP AND CHARTER 209 A/6353. Letter of 21 June 1966 from President of ADMISSION OF LESOTHO Security Council. SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1306. A/6302. Report of Security Council to General As- sembly, Chapter 7 C. S/7534. Telegram of 7 October 1966 from Lesotho. A/L.482. , , Ceylon, Cyprus, Gambia, S/7542. Jordan, New Zealand, Nigeria, Uganda, , , Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, United Kingdom: draft resolution. Malta, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sierra RESOLUTION 225(1966), as proposed by 5 powers, Leone, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, S/7542, recommending that General Assembly admit United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Lesotho to membership in the United Nations, : draft resolution. adopted unanimously by Council on 14 October RESOLUTION 2133(xxi), as proposed by 22 powers, 1966, meeting 1306. A/L.482, adopted by acclamation by Assembly on 20 September 1966, meeting 1409. GENERAL ASSEMBLY——21ST SESSION Plenary Meeting 1444. "The General Assembly, "Having received the recommendation of the Se- A/6454. Telegram of 7 October 1966 from Lesotho. curity Council of 21 June 1966 that Guyana should be A/6470. Letter of 14 October 1966 from President of admitted to membership in the United Nations, Security Council. "Having considered the application for membership A/L.485. Australia, Canada, Ceylon, Cyprus, Gambia, of Guyana, Ghana, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, "Decides to admit Guyana to membership in the Malaysia, Malta, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, United Nations." Sierra Leone, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, United Republic of ADMISSION OF BOTSWANA Tanzania, Zambia: draft resolution. RESOLUTION 2137(xxi), as proposed by 23 powers, SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1306. A/L.485, adopted by acclamation by Assembly on 17 October 1966, meeting 1444. S/7518. Letter of 30 September 1966 from Botswana. S/7541. Jordan, New Zealand, Nigeria, Uganda, "The General Assembly, United Kingdom: draft resolution. "Having received the recommendation of the Se- RESOLUTION 224(1966), as proposed by 5 powers, curity Council of 14 October 1966 that Lesotho should S/7541, recommending that General Assembly admit be admitted to membership in the United Nations, Botswana to membership in the United Nations, "Having considered the application for membership adopted unanimously by Council on 14 October of Lesotho, 1966, meeting 1306. "Decides to admit Lesotho to membership in the United Nations." GENERAL ASSEMBLY——21ST SESSION Plenary Meeting 1444. ADMISSION OF BARBADOS A/6453. Letter of 30 September 1966 from Botswana. A/6469. Letter of 14 October 1966 from President of SECURITY COUNCIL, meeting 1330. Security Council. S/7607. Letter of 30 November 1966 from Barbados. A/L.484. Australia, Canada, Ceylon, Cyprus, Gambia, S/7609. Argentina, New Zealand, Nigeria, Uganda, Ghana, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malawi, United Kingdom, Uruguay: draft resolution. Malaysia, Malta, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, RESOLUTION 230(1966), as proposed by 6 powers, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, S/7609, recommending that General Assembly admit Uganda, United Kingdom, United Republic of Barbados to membership in the United Nations, Tanzania, Zambia: draft resolution. adopted unanimously by Council on 7 December RESOLUTION 2136(xxi), as proposed by 23 powers, 1966, meeting 1330. A/L.484, adopted by acclamation by Assembly on 17 October 1966, meeting 1444. GENERAL ASSEMBLY——21ST SESSION Plenary Meeting 1487. "The General Assembly, "Having received the recommendation of the Se- A/6545. Letter of 30 November 1966 from Barbados. curity Council of 14 October 1966 that Botswana A/6559. Letter of 7 December 1966 from President of should be admitted to membership in the United Security Council. Nations, A/L.505. Australia, Botswana, Canada, Ceylon, Cy- "Having considered the application for membership prus, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, India, Jamaica, of Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, New "Decides to admit Botswana to membership in the Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Singapore, United Nations." Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, 210 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia: draft reso- S/7599. Note verbale of 28 November 1966 from lution. USSR. RESOLUTION 2175(xxi), as proposed by 25 powers, S/7629. Note verbale of 6 December 1966 from Bul- A/L.505, adopted by acclamation by Assembly on garia. 9 December 1966, meeting 1487. A/6283 (S/7192); A/6443 (S/7508). Letters of 10 March and 24 September 1966 from Bulgaria. "The General Assembly, A/6302. Report of Security Council to General As- "Having received the recommendation of the Se- sembly, Chapter 26. curity Council of 7 December 1966 that Barbados should be admitted to membership in the United Nations, INDONESIA'S RESUMPTION OF "Having considered the application for membership PARTICIPATION IN THE of Barbados, WORK OF THE UNITED NATIONS "Decides to admit Barbados to membership in the United Nations." GENERAL ASSEMBLY——21ST SESSION Fifth Committee, meeting 1170. COMMUNICATIONS CONCERNING Plenary Meetings 1420, 1501. QUESTION OF MEMBERSHIP A/6310/Add.1. Report of Committee on Contribu- IN THE UNITED NATIONS tions. S/7184. Letter of 7 March 1966 from USSR. A/6419 (S/7498). Telegram of 19 September 1966 S/7185. Letter of 8 March 1966 from Cuba. from Indonesia. S/7190. Letter of 9 March 1966 from Mongolia. A/C.5/1097. Report by Secretary-General on con- S/7192 (A/6283). Letter of 10 March 1966 from tributions of Indonesia for years 1965 and 1966. Bulgaria requesting circulation of application by A/6630. Report of Fifth Committee. German Democratic Republic for membership in RESOLUTION 2240(xxi), as recommended by Fifth United Nations. Committee, A/6630, adopted unanimously by As- S/7195. Letter of 11 March 1966 from Hungary. sembly on 20 December 1966, meeting 1501. S/7199 and Rev.1. Note verbale of 11 March 1966 from Romania. "The General Assembly S/7204. Letter of 14 March 1966 from Poland. "Resolves that: S/7207. Letter of 16 March 1966 from France, United "(a) For the year 1967, the [rate] of assessment Kingdom and United States. . . . for Indonesia, which resumed full participation S/7210. Letter of 17 March 1966 from . in the Organization on 28 September 1966 [shall be] S/7259. Letter of 20 April 1966 from USSR. 0.39 [per cent]. [This rate] shall be added to the S/7314. Note verbale of 20 from Ukrainian scale of assessments for 1967 as established under SSR. General Assembly resolution 2118(XX) of 21 Decem- S/7474. Note verbale of 22 August 1966 from Byelo- ber 1965;.. . russian SSR. "(c) . . . Indonesia shall make advances to the S/7508 (A/6443). Note verbale of 24 September 1966 Working Capital Fund at [the] 1967 [rate] of assess- from Bulgaria. ment applied to the authorized amount of the Fund S/7580. Note verbale of 7 November 1966 from for that year." France, United Kingdom and United States. (For full text of resolution, see p. 958.)

RATIFICATIONS OF AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER

On 20 ,2 the General Assembly Republic of the Congo, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, decided to amend Article 109 of the United Dahomey, the , Ecuador, Nations Charter so that a vote by any "nine" , The Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Ice- (rather than any "seven") members of the Se- land, India, Ireland, , Jamaica, Jordan, curity Council would be required for a Council Kenya, Laos, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Moroc- decision on the date and venue of a General co, Nepal, New Zealand, Niger, , Paki- Conference of United Nations Members to re- stan, Rwanda, Singapore, , Sweden, Thai- view the Charter.3 land, Trinidad and Tobago, , the As at 31 December 1966, the following 51 Ukrainian SSR, the USSR, the United King- States had ratified the amendment to Article 109 dom, the United Republic of Tanzania, and of the Charter, as decided on by the Assembly: Upper Volta. , Albania, Australia, Austria, Bel- 2 See Y.U.N., 1965, p. 233 and also p. 234, text of gium, , Brazil, Bulgaria, the Byelorussian resolution 2101(XX). SSR, Canada, Ceylon, , the Democratic 3 For text of Article 109, see APPENDIX II.