Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks: a Survey
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Wireless Home Automation Networks: a Survey of Architectures and Technologies
GOMEZ MONTENEGRO LAYOUT 5/18/10 11:46 AM Page 92 CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Wireless Home Automation Networks: A Survey of Architectures and Technologies Carles Gomez and Josep Paradells, Technical University of Catalonia ABSTRACT USE CASES AND MAIN FEATURES OF Wireless home automation networks com- WHANS prise wireless embedded sensors and actuators that enable monitoring and control applications WHANs enable a variety of use cases, as illus- for home user comfort and efficient home man- trated in Fig. 1. A non-exhaustive list of exam- agement. This article surveys the main current ples is provided below and emerging solutions that are suitable for Light control: A new light can be controlled WHANs, including ZigBee, Z-Wave, INSTEON, from any switch, which reduces the need for new Wavenis, and IP-based technology. wired connections. Lights can also be activated in response to a command from a remote con- INTRODUCTION trol. Furthermore, they can be turned on auto- matically when presence and luminance sensors In recent years, wireless sensor and actuator net- detect that people are in a poorly illuminated works have gained high momentum, receiving room. significant attention from academia, industry, Remote control: Infrared technology has been and standards development organizations. One used for wireless communication between a of the primary application domains of this tech- remote control and devices such as TVs, HiFi nology is home automation. Wireless home equipment, and heating, ventilating, and air con- automation networks (WHANs) enable monitor- ditioning (HVAC) systems. However, infrared ing and control applications for home user com- requires line-of-sight (LOS) and short-distance fort and efficient home management. -
Network Topologies Topologies
Network Topologies Topologies Logical Topologies A logical topology describes how the hosts access the medium and communicate on the network. The two most common types of logical topologies are broadcast and token passing. In a broadcast topology, a host broadcasts a message to all hosts on the same network segment. There is no order that hosts must follow to transmit data. Messages are sent on a First In, First Out (FIFO) basis. Token passing controls network access by passing an electronic token sequentially to each host. If a host wants to transmit data, the host adds the data and a destination address to the token, which is a specially-formatted frame. The token then travels to another host with the destination address. The destination host takes the data out of the frame. If a host has no data to send, the token is passed to another host. Physical Topologies A physical topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are connected to a network. The figure provides six physical topologies. Bus In a bus topology, each computer connects to a common cable. The cable connects one computer to the next, like a bus line going through a city. The cable has a small cap installed at the end called a terminator. The terminator prevents signals from bouncing back and causing network errors. Ring In a ring topology, hosts are connected in a physical ring or circle. Because the ring topology has no beginning or end, the cable is not terminated. A token travels around the ring stopping at each host. -
Topological Optimisation of Artificial Neural Networks for Financial Asset
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by LSE Theses Online The London School of Economics and Political Science Topological Optimisation of Artificial Neural Networks for Financial Asset Forecasting Shiye (Shane) He A thesis submitted to the Department of Management of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. April 2015, London 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. 2 Abstract The classical Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has a complete feed-forward topology, which is useful in some contexts but is not suited to applications where both the inputs and targets have very low signal-to-noise ratios, e.g. financial forecasting problems. This is because this topology implies a very large number of parameters (i.e. the model contains too many degrees of freedom) that leads to over fitting of both signals and noise. -
Introduction to 6Lowpan And
NetworkingNetworking LayerLayer ProtocolsProtocols forfor InternetInternet ofof Things:Things: . 6LoWPAN6LoWPAN andand RPLRPL Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 [email protected] These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ ©2018 Raj Jain 14-1 OverviewOverview 6LowPAN Adaptation Layer Address Formation Compression RPL RPL Concepts RPL Control Messages RPL Data Forwarding Note: This is part 3 of a series of class lectures on IoT. Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ ©2018 Raj Jain 14-2 RecentRecent ProtocolsProtocols forfor IoTIoT MQTT, SMQTT, CoRE, DDS, Security Management AMQP , XMPP, CoAP, IEC, IEEE 1888, … IEEE 1888.3, IEEE 1905, TCG, IEEE 1451, Encapsulation: 6LowPAN, Oath 2.0, IEEE 1377, 6TiSCH, 6Lo, Thread… SMACK, IEEE P1828, Routing: RPL, CORPL, CARP SASL, IEEE P1856 EDSA, WiFi, Bluetooth Low Energy, Z-Wave, ZigBee Smart, ace, DECT/ULE, 3G/LTE, NFC, DTLS, Weightless, HomePlug GP, Dice, … 802.11ah, 802.15.4e, G.9959, WirelessHART, DASH7, ANT+, LTE-A, LoRaWAN, ISA100.11a, DigiMesh, WiMAX, … Ref: Tara Salman, Raj Jain, "A Survey of Protocols and Standards for Internet of Things," Advanced Computing and Communications, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2017, http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/papers/iot_accs.htm Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-18/ ©2018 Raj Jain 14-3 IEEEIEEE 802.15.4802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Allows mesh networking. Full function nodes can forward packets to other nodes. -
6Lowpan Platform Introduction
6LoWPAN Platform Introduction Zengxu Yang May 3, 2018 6LoWPAN Platform Introduction May 3, 2018 1 / 16 Internet of Things I The Internet, which is based on the TCP/IP protocol stack and connects computers and mobile devices worldwide, has been very successful and deeply changed our lives. I Internet of Things, abbreviated as IoT, connects billions of objects that currently are not connected, like your microwave, cars, refrigirators, medical devices. I Ubiquitos computing and connected things makes everything smarter. Productivity can be improved, wastes and certain disasters can be avoided or reduced. Social life will be changed, just like the current Internet. I Internet of Things is based on the current Internet technology but it needs adaptation to solve some unique challenges. 6LoWPAN Platform Introduction May 3, 2018 2 / 16 Layers of IoT Just like the Internet can be divided into different layers, roughly, IoT networks can be divided into three layers: Application layer (some further divide it into application layer and middleware layer) It is responsible for deliverying application specific services to users. Network layer It connects to other smart devices and servers, transferring and communicating between them. Perception layer It is the physical layer that gathering sensor information about the environment. 6LoWPAN Platform Introduction May 3, 2018 3 / 16 IPv6 I The most successful and widely used IP protocol is called IPv4 with a 32 bit address space. IPv4 has its limitations. One of the biggest limitations is short of available addresses. I IPv6 is the next generation IP protocol with a 128 bit address space. It is large enough for the foreseeable future and especially important for the billions of devices on the IoT. -
DTC Offers Enhanced MANET Mesh Networking
DOMO TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS DTC Offers Enhanced MANET Mesh Networking Rob Garth, Product Director, Domo Tactical Communications (DTC) talks to Soldier Modernisation about MANET Mesh Networks and the technology behind them actical MANET Mesh networks have become MANET Mesh Networks are also seamlessly self-healing a key part of the battlefield communications - if a node is removed or a link is broken, for example due Tpicture, most notably in solving the “Dismounted to interference or the introduction of a large obstacle, then Situational Awareness” challenge - delivering media the Mesh will try and re-route via another path. For a dense and data rich applications as well as video to and from cluster of nodes, this can provide significant redundancy and the dismounted soldier. Mesh networks have many resilience. But Garth notes “This is not magic. The resilience advantages over traditional military communications achieved is dependant very much on network topology - if systems, not least in their ease of configuration, ease of for example nodes are arranged in a long line, with each link deployment and in-built resilience. operating at the extreme of its range, and the node in the But as Rob Garth, Product Director at Domo Tactical middle is taken out then connectivity between the two ends Communications (DTC) notes “Mesh networks are resilient of the line will be lost.” and very tolerant to poor deployment, however to get the But when it comes to resilience, not all Mesh networks most out of the Mesh it is important to understand a little are the same - some are reliant on a central “Master Node” about the technology so that the right equipment can be or “Mobility Controller” to disseminate routing and path chosen and sensible deployment decisions can be made.” quality information, which can lead to a single point of MANET Mesh networks share some key characteristics: failure. -
6Lowpan: the Wireless Embedded Internet by Zach Shelby, Carsten Bormann Length: 254 Pages Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
The Book 6LoWPAN: The Wireless Embedded Internet by Zach Shelby, Carsten Bormann Length: 254 pages Publisher: John Wiley & Sons The world’s first book on IPv6 over low power wireless networks and the new 6LoWPAN standards. http://6lowpan.net Companion web‐site with blog, full companion course slides and exercises v6.12.2009 6LoWPAN: The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann 1 Outline • Introduction – The Internet of Things – Applications of 6LoWPAN • The Internet Architecture and Protocols • Introduction to 6LoWPAN • Link‐Layer Technologies – IEEE 802.15.4 • The 6LoWPAN Format • Bootstrapping – Link‐Layer Commissioning – Neighbour Discovery v6.12.2009 6LoWPAN: The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann 2 Outline • Security • Mobility & Routing – IP Mobility Solutions – Ad‐hoc Routing Protocols – The IETF RPL Protocol • Application Formats and Protocols • System Examples – ISA100 Industrial Automation – Wireless RFID Infrastructure – Building Energy Savings v6.12.2009 6LoWPAN: The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann 3 Introduction v6.12.2009 6LoWPAN: The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann 4 v6.12.2009 6LoWPAN: The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann 5 Benefits of 6LoWPAN Technology • Low‐power RF + IPv6 = The Wireless Embedded Internet • 6LoWPAN makes this possible • The benefits of 6LoWPAN include: – Open, long‐lived, reliable standards – Easy learning‐curve – Transparent Internet integration – Network maintainability – Global scalability – End‐to‐end data flows v6.12.2009 6LoWPAN: The Wireless -
A Survey of Iot Protocols and Their Security Issues Through the Lens of A
A survey of IoT protocols and their security issues through the lens of a generic IoT stack Jonathan Tournier, François Lesueur, Frédéric Le Mouël, Laurent Guyon, Hicham Ben-Hassine To cite this version: Jonathan Tournier, François Lesueur, Frédéric Le Mouël, Laurent Guyon, Hicham Ben-Hassine. A survey of IoT protocols and their security issues through the lens of a generic IoT stack. Internet of Things, Elsevier, 2020, pp.100264. 10.1016/j.iot.2020.100264. hal-02918332 HAL Id: hal-02918332 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02918332 Submitted on 20 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A survey of IoT protocols and their security issues through the lens of a generic IoT stack Jonathan Tourniera,b, François Lesueurb, Frédéric Le Mouëlb, Laurent Guyona, Hicham Ben-Hassinea aAlgosSecure, 57 bd Vivier Merle, Lyon, France bUniversité de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CITI, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France Abstract The Internet of things (IoT) is rapidly growing, and many security issues relate to its wireless technology. These security issues are challenging because IoT protocols are heterogeneous, suit different needs, and are used in different application domains. -
Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network, Worldwide Satellite Communication, and PKI Technology for Small Satellite Network System
Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network, Worldwide Satellite Communication, and PKI Technology for Small Satellite Network System A project present to The Faculty of the Department of Aerospace Engineering San Jose State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering By Stephen S. Im May 2015 approved by Dr. Periklis Papadopoulos Faculty Advisor 1 ©2015 Stephen S. Im ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 An Abstract of Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network, Worldwide Satellite Communication, and PKI Technology for Small Satellite Network System by Stephen S. Im1 San Jose State University May 2015 Small satellites are getting the spotlight in the aerospace industry because this earth- orbiting technology is well-suited for use in military service, space mission research, weather prediction, wireless communication, scientific observation, and education demonstration. Small satellites have advantages of low cost of manufacturing, ease of mass production, low cost of launch system, ability to be launched in groups, and minimal financial failure. Until now, a number of the small satellites have been built and launched for various purposes. As network simplification, operation efficiency, communication accessibility, and high-end data security are the fundamental communication factors for small satellite operations, a standardized space network communication with strong data protection has become a significant technology. This is also highly beneficial for mass manufacture, compatible for cross-platform, and common error detection. And the ground-based network technologies which fulfill Internet-of-Things (IOT) concept, which consist of Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) and data security, are presented in this paper. 1 Graduate Student, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA. -
Z-Wave to IP Software
Z-Wave to IP Software/ Firmware Bridges the Worlds of Z-Wave and IoT By Raoul Wijgergangs, Vice President Z-Wave Business IoT via Z-Wave: Bridging IP& Z-Wave for Low Power Mesh Network IoT Abstract/Executive Summary: The Z/IP Gateway bridges the low-power and ultra-reliable Z-Wave wireless communications protocol with the Internet of Things (IoT) by assigning a unique IP address to each device within a Z-Wave network. This provides the best of both worlds: a super reliable, low-power smart home network combined with standard Internet protocol on the LAN network. Z-Wave is already widely deployed in home security and home automation systems as the protocol of choice for low-power wireless communications. Now, with the Z/IP Gateway, every device in a Z-Wave network can be directly accessible over the Internet using IP communications. The Z/IP Gateway is a soft- ware/firmware technology that is incorporated into new Z-Wave controllers, effectively transforming these home automation hubs into gateways for IP communication with Z-Wave devices. With the Z/IP Gateway technology, product designers can add IoT connectivity to practically any device in the home with minimal power consumption and minimal added cost. ----------------------- IoT – the Internet of Things – is a hot tech trend, envisioning a future where practically everything will be connected, but exactly how they will be connected remains fuzzy. While consumers may simply assume everything will have Wi-Fi, engineers know better. Wi-Fi has inherent problems with power consumption and topology that make it impractical for many battery-powered devices. -
Comparisons of 6Lowpan Implementations on Wireless Sensor Networks
2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications Comparisons of 6LoWPAN Implementations on Wireless Sensor Networks Yannis Mazzer, Bernard Tourancheau LIP UMR 5668 of CNRS-ENS-INRIA-Universite´ Lyon1 Lyon, France [email protected] Abstract approach choices for the design of a modular 6LoWPAN stack for sensor network. This paper introduces our work on the communication stack of wireless sensor networks. We present the IPv6 ap- 2. Presentation of 6LoWPAN proach for wireless sensor networks called 6LoWPAN in its IETF charter. We then compare the different implementations 6LoWPAN [1][2] enables all the capabilities of IPv6 of 6LoWPAN subsets for several sensor nodes platforms. on WSN. This standard access to the IP world opens the We present our approach for the 6LoWPAN implementation usage of WSN in the field of, for instance, distributed which aims to preserve the advantages of modularity while computation with the classical Message Passing Interfaces keeping a small memory footprint and a good efficiency. [3], the implementation of sensing device on-line control [4] and tools for the user interfaces [5]. Index Terms The adaption of IPv6 to constrained devices starts by compressing the long IPv6 headers to 6 bytes, taking into Wireless Sensor Network, Communication Stack for Sen- account the link-local informations. The routing is adapted sor, 6LoWPAN, IPv6. to the hop-by-hop ”meshed” point of view of the WSN. The routing main capabilities are placed at the border routers for each node to have limited routing tables. 1. Introduction Sensor network is a growing technology which aims to 3. -
Networking Solutions for Connecting Bluetooth Low Energy Devices - a Comparison
292 3 MATEC Web of Conferences , 0200 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929202003 CSCC 2019 Networking solutions for connecting bluetooth low energy devices - a comparison 1,* 1 1 2 Mostafa Labib , Atef Ghalwash , Sarah Abdulkader , and Mohamed Elgazzar 1Faculty of Computers and Information, Helwan University, Egypt 2Vodafone Company, Egypt Abstract. The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is an attractive solution for implementing low-cost, low power consumption, short-range wireless transmission technology and high flexibility wireless products,which working on standard coin-cell batteries for years. The original design of BLE is restricted to star topology networking, which limits network coverage and scalability. In contrast, other competing technologies like Wi-Fi and ZigBee overcome those constraints by supporting different topologies such as the tree and mesh network topologies. This paper presents a part of the researchers' efforts in designing solutions to enable BLE mesh networks and implements a tree network topology which is not supported in the standard BLE specifications. In addition, it discusses the advantages and drawbacks of the existing BLE network solutions. During analyzing the existing solutions, we highlight currently open issues such as flooding-based and routing-based solutions to allow end-to-end data transmission in a BLE mesh network and connecting BLE devices to the internet to support the Internet of Things (IoT). The approach proposed in this paper combines the default BLE star topology with the flooding based mesh topology to create a new hybrid network topology. The proposed approach can extend the network coverage without using any routing protocol. Keywords: Bluetooth Low Energy, Wireless Sensor Network, Industrial Wireless Mesh Network, BLE Mesh Network, Direct Acyclic Graph, Time Division Duplex, Time Division Multiple Access, Internet of Things.