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Pharmacology for Students of Bachelor's Programmes at MF MU

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Pharmacology for Students of Bachelor's Programmes at MF MU Pharmacology for students of bachelor’s programmes at MF MU (special part) Alena MÁCHALOVÁ, Zuzana BABINSKÁ, Jan JUŘICA, Gabriela DOVRTĚLOVÁ, Hana KOSTKOVÁ, Leoš LANDA, Jana MERHAUTOVÁ, Kristýna NOSKOVÁ, Tibor ŠTARK, Katarína TABIOVÁ, Jana PISTOVČÁKOVÁ, Ondřej ZENDULKA Text přeložili: MVDr. Mgr. Leoš Landa, Ph.D., MUDr. Máchal, Ph.D., Mgr. Jana Merhautová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jana Pistovčáková, Ph.D., Doc. PharmDr. Jana Rudá, Ph.D., Mgr. Barbora Říhová, Ph.D., PharmDr. Lenka Součková, Ph.D., PharmDr. Ondřej Zendulka, Ph.D., Mgr. Markéta Strakošová, Mgr. Tibor Štark, Jazyková korektura: Julie Fry, MSc. Obsah 2 Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system ........................................................................ 10 2.1 Pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system ................................................................... 10 2.1.1 Sympathomimetics ............................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Sympatholytics ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Pharmacology of the parasympathetic system ......................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Cholinomimetics .................................................................................................................. 20 2.2.2 Parasympathomimetics ......................................................................................................... 21 2.2.3 Parasympatholytics ............................................................................................................... 21 3 Psychotropic substances, drug dependence ................................................................................. 23 3.1 Psychotropic substances ............................................................................................................ 23 3.1.1 Treatment of affective disorders (antidepressant drugs) ......................................................... 23 3.1.2 Treatment of anxiety disorders (anxiolytic drugs) ................................................................. 25 3.1.3 Treatment of sleep disorders (hypnosedatives) ...................................................................... 25 3.1.4 Treatment of mental integration disorders (antipsychotic drugs) ............................................ 26 3.1.5 Drugs affecting memory and cognitive functions .................................................................. 27 3.2 Drug dependence..................................................................................................................... 27 4. Substances affecting respiratory system..................................................................................... 30 4.1 Antiasthmatics ........................................................................................................................... 30 4.1.1 Glucocorticoids .................................................................................................................... 32 4.1.2 β2-sympathomimetics........................................................................................................... 33 4.1.3 Parasympatholytics (muscarinic antagonists) ........................................................................ 34 4.1.4 Methylxanthines ................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.5 Mast cells stabilizers (immunoprophylactics) ........................................................................ 35 4.1.6 Antileukotrienes ................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.7 Targeted antiasthmatic therapy ............................................................................................. 36 4.2 Cough medicines ....................................................................................................................... 36 4.2.1 Antitussives .......................................................................................................................... 37 4.2.2 Expectorants ......................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.3 Other expectorant agents ...................................................................................................... 39 5. Substances used in cardiology and haemathology ..................................................................... 41 5.1 Antihypertensive drugs, diuretics ............................................................................................. 41 5.1.1 Pharmaceuticals affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ..................................... 42 5.1.2 Calcium channel blockers (CCB) .......................................................................................... 43 5.1.3 Diuretics............................................................................................................................... 44 5.1.4 Pharmaceuticals inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system (sympatholytics) ....................... 46 5.1.5. Central sympatholytics ........................................................................................................ 47 5.2 Haemostasis-affecting drugs ..................................................................................................... 47 2 5.2.1 Anticoagulant drugs ............................................................................................................. 48 5.2.2 Antiplatelet drugs ................................................................................................................. 51 5.2.3 Fibrinolytic drugs ................................................................................................................. 52 5.2.4 Pro-haemostatic drugs .......................................................................................................... 53 5.3 Antiarrhythmics ........................................................................................................................ 54 5.4 Cardiotonics (positive inotropes) .............................................................................................. 58 5.4.1 Cardiac (digitalis) glycosides................................................................................................ 58 5.4.2 Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors ............................................................................................ 59 5.4.3 Calcium sensitisers ............................................................................................................... 59 5.4.4 Sympathomimetics ............................................................................................................... 59 5.5 Direct-acting vasodilators ......................................................................................................... 59 5.5.1 Nitrovasodilators .................................................................................................................. 59 5.5.2 Other direct vasodilators ....................................................................................................... 61 5.6 Treatment of the ischaemic heart disease ................................................................................. 61 5.6.1 Pharmacological treatment of chronic IHD ........................................................................... 62 5.6.2 Pharmacological treatment of the acute coronary .................................................................. 63 5.7 Treatment of heart failure ........................................................................................................ 63 5.7.1 Acute heart failure ................................................................................................................ 64 5.7.2 Chronic heart failure ............................................................................................................. 64 5.8 The treatment of anaemias and haematopoiesis defects .......................................................... 65 5.8.1 Anaemia due to deficiency of haematinic agents ................................................................... 65 5.8.2 Erythropoiesis defects which are not linked to deficiency of nutrients ................................... 67 6. Medications for Gastrointestinal Disorders ............................................................................... 69 6.1 Drugs used for treatment of gastric ulcers (antiulcer drugs) ................................................... 69 6.1.1 Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) ................................................................................................ 69 6.1.2 H2 antihistamines.................................................................................................................. 70 6.1.3 Selective parasympatholytics ................................................................................................ 70 6.1.4 Antacids ............................................................................................................................... 71 6.1.5 Mucosal protectants .............................................................................................................. 71 6.1.6 Eradication of Helicobacter pylori ........................................................................................ 72 6.2 Prokinetic agents ......................................................................................................................
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