Views Were Not Necessary Identical, but Were Products of Each Individual Editor‟S Knowledge and Values
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The Rise and Fall of American Transcendentalism
Philip F. Gura. American Transcendentalism: A History. New York: Hill & Wang, 2007. 384 pp. $27.50, cloth, ISBN 978-0-8090-3477-2. Reviewed by David Voelker Published on H-SHEAR (October, 2009) Commissioned by Caleb McDaniel (Rice University) The Rise and Fall of American Transcen‐ its gradual decline as a recognizable movement dentalism during the 1850s, and its postbellum afterlife. Al‐ It is perhaps impossible to write a definitive though a couple of the early chapters dealing with history of a movement as amorphous and sprawl‐ the influence of biblical criticism and German ing as Transcendentalism, but Philip F. Gura and French philosophy on Transcendentalism comes close. American Transcendentalism: A His‐ might be challenging for general readers and un‐ tory seriously (if not always explicitly) engages dergraduates, the book is written for a broad au‐ with several persistent questions about Transcen‐ dience rather than for specialists, and it deserves dentalism: Was it primarily a religious move‐ wide readership by students of American history. ment--or something else? Intellectually speaking, Graduate students and scholars may wish that was it an American original or a European off‐ Gura had included a bibliographic essay or addi‐ shoot? Did it support social reform, or was it tional discursive footnotes to situate the book merely a social circle of effete intellectuals? Was it more thoroughly in the secondary literature, but democratic or elitist in spirit? Did the movement they will nevertheless recognize that this impor‐ rapidly disintegrate, or did it continue to have a tant work addresses the key historiographic de‐ post-Civil War impact? Gura rightly declines to bates about American Transcendentalism. -
The Dial and Transcendentalist Music Criticism” by WESLEY T
The ‘yearnings of the heart to the Infinite’: The Dial and Transcendentalist Music Criticism” by WESLEY T. MOTT “When my hoe tinkled against the stones, that music echoed to the woods and the sky . and I remembered with as much pity as pride, if I remembered at all, my acquaintances who had gone to the city to attend the oratorios.” So wrote contrary Henry Thoreau in “Walden” (1854; [Princeton UP, 1971], p. 159). His literary acquaintances, in fact, had made important contributions to the emergence of music criticism in Boston a decade earlier in the Transcendentalist periodical, the Dial. Published from 1840 to 1844 and edited by Margaret Fuller and Ralph Waldo Emerson, the Dial promised readers in the first issue to give voice to a “new spirit” and to “new views and the dreams of youth,” to aid “the progress of a revolution . united only in a common love of truth, and love of its work” (the Dial, 4 vols. [rpt. New York: Russell & Russell, 1961], 1:1-2. The definitive study is Joel Myerson, The New England Transcendentalists and the Dial: A History of the Magazine and Its Contributors [Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1980]). Featuring poetry, essays, reviews, and translations on an eclectic range of literary, philosophical, theological, and aesthetic topics, the Dial published only four articles substantially about music: one by John Sullivan Dwight, one by John Francis Tuckerman, and two by Fuller (excluding her lengthy study Romaic and Rhine Ballads [3:137-80] and brief commentary scattered in review articles). Each wrote one installment of an annual Dial feature for 1840-42—a review of the previous winter’s concerts in Boston. -
Transcendentalism: a Critique of Today's World Through the Eyes Of
Transcendentalism: A Critique of Today’s World Through the Eyes of a Nineteenth Century Transcendentalist Throughout history, human thought has shaped the processes and actions that make up the world we live in today. It has been at the root of every war as well as every treaty and negotiation. Human thought has fueled hatred and acceptance, wrath and peace, and it has endured through history despite each attempt to repress it. There have been intellectual movements throughout history in which human thought has influenced society’s culture and how it approaches its members and problems. Two such time periods were the Enlightenment and the Second Great Awakening, the latter of which being when Transcendentalism first came to the forefront of human thought. Transcendentalism was a spiritual and philosophical movement that developed in the 1820s and 1830s with roots in Kantian philosophy and German Romanticism.1 This philosophy argued for individualism and each person’s ability to make sense of the Universe through their own Spirit and Reason. In today’s world, Transcendentalist thought is often overlooked and is rarely taught or practiced. Regardless, modern society reflects the one in which Transcendentalists lived in the sense that they have both been marked by technological revolutions and the current societal issues are products of those that Transcendentalists once fought against. It is for this reason that we must look at what Transcendentalism is and how Transcendentalists responded to their society and its problems so that we may begin to do the same within our own society. To do this, it is necessary to look at Ralph Waldo Emerson’s 1 History.com Editors, “Transcendentalism,” HISTORY, August 21, 2018, www.history.com/topics/19th-century/transcendentalism. -
Self-Actualization: Transcendentalist Discourse in the Work of Stuart Saunders Smith
SELF-ACTUALIZATION: TRANSCENDENTALIST DISCOURSE IN THE WORK OF STUART SAUNDERS SMITH José Augusto Duarte Lacerda A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS December 2015 Committee: Roger Schupp, Advisor Timothy Messer-Kruse Graduate Faculty Representative Marilyn Shrude Robert Wallace Thomas Rosenkranz © 2015 José Augusto Duarte Lacerda All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Roger Schupp, Advisor Born and raised in Maine, composer Stuart Saunders Smith (1948) grew up immersed in a milieu that still echoed the influence of the nineteenth-century literary movement known as Transcendentalism. The work of key Transcendentalist figures, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, show the movement’s emphasis on autonomy, intuition, pacifism, and social justice. But Transcendentalism also maintains a spiritual focus: a claim that each person is part of a single universal spirit—“Oneness.” However, this “Oneness” does not equate to homogeneity of ideas and individual voices. Rather, each person’s divine worth grants them autonomy of thought and agency. Both the social and spiritual ideas of Transcendentalism have informed Smith’s music, his writings on music compositional process, and his personal life. Amongst the Transcendentalist notions displayed in Smith’s music, pacifism and anti- technologism appear in his use of intricate rhythms. A Thoreauvian anti-materialism can be found in Smith’s limited use of instrumentation and in his concept of “percussion ecology.” Moreover, the Transcendentalist non-teleological stance is reflected in Smith’s tendency to write evening-length pieces that disregard form, his recurring references to New England imagery, and his use of non-sequiturs. -
Henry David Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism Henry David Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism • Early 1800’s movement in 3 areas: • Literature • •HenryPhilosophy David Thoreau • •RalphSpirituality Waldo Emerson • Centers on a belief that we can only reach our truest potential when we “rise above” the limitations that society places on us. Inspiration/BackgroundTranscendentalism • This was part of America’s Romantic Period. Henry David Thoreau ••The Romantics were poets/artists rebelling •AGAINSTRalph Waldo the EmersonEnlightenment (a.k.a.: The Age of Reason). ENLIGHTENMENT vs. ROMANTICISM • 1700’s • 1800’s • Like citiesTranscendentalism• Like nature • Thought • Emotion • Reason• Henry David Thoreau • Imagination Logic Intuition • • Ralph Waldo Emerson • • Complex • Simple • Rational • Mysterious • Experiments/facts • Opinions/Personal truth • Society: norms & systems • Nature: wild & untamed • Change • Tradition • Strength of Society • Spirit of Individual • Standardized religion • Personal religion; supernatural TranscendentalTranscendentalism Beliefs Transcendentalists believe in a balance of both Enlightenment & Romanticism. • Don’tHenry wantDavid toThoreau discredit the genius of •manyRalph EnlightenmentWaldo Emerson thinkers. • But being born out of Romanticism, it has undeniable biases towards it. TranscendentalismCARPE DIEM • Live your life now so that you don’t • Henryregret David or fear Thoreau death. • •RalphDeath Waldo is mysterious, Emerson and that’s the way it should be. INTERCONNECTEDNESSTranscendentalism • Everything in the Universe comes -
The Dial and the Transcendentalist Theory of Reading
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2008 The Dial and the Transcendentalist Theory of Reading Emily A. Cope University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Cope, Emily A., "The Dial and the Transcendentalist Theory of Reading. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2008. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/348 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Emily A. Cope entitled "The Dial and the Transcendentalist Theory of Reading." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in English. Dawn Coleman, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Janet Atwill, Martin Griffin Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Emily Ann Cope entitled “The Dial and the Transcendentalist Theory of Reading.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in English. -
Margaret Fuller and the Rhetoric of Transcendental Nationalism
MARGARET FULLER AND THE RHETORIC OF TRANSCENDENTAL NATIONALISM A Dissertation by DAVID N MUNSON Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Nathan Crick Committee Members, Kristan Poirot Randall Sumpter James Burk Head of Department, Kevin J. Barge August 2018 Major Subject: Communication Copyright 2018 David Nicholas Munson ABSTRACT In this project, I track the development of Margaret Fuller’s rhetoric of transcendental nationalism within the context of the Roman revolution in 1848. My central purpose is to situate the legacy of Margaret Fuller in the field of rhetorical theory and criticism, as well as to position her dispatches from Italy as the culmination of her work—not an eclipse of her previous writings, but a vital part of any understanding of the woman, the writer, the Transcendentalist, the feminist, the nationalist, the revolutionary that was Margaret Fuller. Furthermore, I argue that Fuller’s dispatches offer a model for a distinctly transcendental form of nationalism through her combined skills, such as critiquing large networks of power, her classical knowledge and familiarity with the language of myth, her growing narrative form and structure, her love of German-Romantic philosophy and literature, her literary nationalist voice, and her deeply-rooted belief in the collective power of the Italian people. Although arriving as a travel-writer abroad, Fuller was also a foreign correspondent for the New-York Tribune with the task of reporting back on any and all happenings. Europe, at the time, was in a tumultuous state, which would soon erupt in open insurrection and full-blown revolution. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalism (1830-1840) "The New England Renaissance" There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion . Ralph Waldo Emerson How Transcendentalism Started • Transcendentalism was an intellectual movement founded by Emerson that affected most of the writers of his day. • It was influenced heavily by German philosopher Immanuel Kant's philosophy that defined spiritual enlightenment as the understanding a person gains intuitively. • During the 1830's and 1840's, Ralph Waldo Emerson and a small group of like-minded intellectual friends gathered regularly in his study to discuss philosophy, religion, and literature. The group, known as the Transcendental Club, developed a philosophical system that stressed intuition, individuality, and self-reliance. • In 1836, Emerson published "Nature," a lengthy essay that became the Club's unofficial statement of belief. The Club also published a quarterly journal, The Dial , in search of a wider audience for their ideas. What Transcendentalists Believed • The Transcendentalists believed that the human senses could know only physical reality. • To the Transcendentalists, the fundamental truths of existence lay outside the reach of the sense and could be grasped only through intuition. • As a result, the Transcendentalists focused their attention on the human spirit and it’s relationship to nature. • Through the careful observation of nature, they believed that the human spirit is reflected in the natural world. • This led them to the conclusion that formed the heart of their beliefs: All forms of being - God, nature, and humanity - are spiritually united through a shared universal soul, or Over-Soul . -
Bible Matters: the Scriptural Origins of American Unitarianism
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Vanderbilt Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Archive BIBLE MATTERS: THE SCRIPTURAL ORIGINS OF AMERICAN UNITARIANISM By LYDIA WILLSKY Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Religion May, 2013 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor James P. Byrd Professor James Hudnut-Beumler Professor Kathleen Flake Professor Paul Lim Professor Paul Conkin TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………3 CHAPTER 1: WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING AND THE PASTORAL ROOTS OF UNITARIAN BIBLICISM………………………………………………………………………………..29 CHAPTER 2: WHAT’S “GOSPEL” IN THE BIBLE? ANDREWS NORTON AND THE LANGUAGE OF BIBLICAL TRUTH………………………………………...................................................77 CHAPTER 3: A PRACTICAL SPIRIT: FREDERIC HENRY HEDGE, THE BIBLE AND THE UNIVERSAL CHURCH…………………………………………………………………...124 CHAPTER 4: THE OPENING OF THE CANON: THEODORE PARKER AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF BIBLICAL AUTHORITY…………………………………………..168 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………...........................205 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………213 INTRODUCTION The New England Unitarians were a biblical people. They were not biblical in the way of their Puritan ancestors, who emulated the early apostolic Church and treated the Bible as a model for right living. They were a biblical people in the way almost every Protestant denomination of the nineteenth century -
Transcendentalism Transcendental Philosophy Strongly Influenced Henry David Thoreau's Writing and Provided the Context in Which
Transcendentalism Transcendental philosophy strongly influenced Henry David Thoreau's writing and provided the context in which he wrote Walden. Transcend means "to rise above" or "surpass" the normal limits of something. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that draws from religious traditions such as Protestantism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. The concept of Transcendentalism proposes that humans have the ability to transcend the physical world. By relying on personal impressions and trusting one's own authority, a person can understand the world, and his or her place in it, in new ways. Transcendentalism involves the following principles: The divine waits here on Earth for people to perceive it. All natural beings possess a spark of the divine. Nature is inherently good and is humanity's best teacher. People must trust their own intuition, not society's norms, to guide them. Americans should look to their own history and culture for inspiration. Ralph Waldo Emerson, a New England essayist and lecturer, led the Transcendental movement. Emerson's essay, "Nature," published in 1836, sets forth the ideas that base Transcendentalism. The essay deals with the best way to understand God and nature: through direct experience. Society is detrimental to this process; to become one with nature, it is important that solitude becomes central to the experience. Emerson's celebrated 1841 essay "Self-Reliance" proved to be another major Transcendental document. In the essay Emerson stressed that individuals should trust their deepest instincts and that intuition is the main source of wisdom. He says that the truths gained through intuition are shared and recognized by others and are universal. -
James Russell Lowell - Poems
Classic Poetry Series James Russell Lowell - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive James Russell Lowell(22 February 1819 – 12 August 1891) James Russell Lowell was an American Romantic poet, critic, editor, and diplomat. He is associated with the Fireside Poets, a group of New England writers who were among the first American poets who rivaled the popularity of British poets. These poets usually used conventional forms and meters in their poetry, making them suitable for families entertaining at their fireside. Lowell graduated from Harvard College in 1838, despite his reputation as a troublemaker, and went on to earn a law degree from Harvard Law School. He published his first collection of poetry in 1841 and married Maria White in 1844. He and his wife had several children, though only one survived past childhood. The couple soon became involved in the movement to abolish slavery, with Lowell using poetry to express his anti-slavery views and taking a job in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the editor of an abolitionist newspaper. After moving back to Cambridge, Lowell was one of the founders of a journal called The Pioneer, which lasted only three issues. He gained notoriety in 1848 with the publication of A Fable for Critics, a book-length poem satirizing contemporary critics and poets. The same year, he published The Biglow Papers, which increased his fame. He would publish several other poetry collections and essay collections throughout his literary career. Maria White died in 1853, and Lowell accepted a professorship of languages at Harvard in 1854. -
Reading Text (PDF)
Scholarly Editing: e Annual of the Association for Documentary Editing Volume 35, | http://www.scholarlyediting.org/2014/editions/ cranchjournal.readingtext.pdf JOURNAL. 1839. "Journal. 1839." 2 JOURNAL. 1839. “Mein Vermächtniss, wie herrlich weit und breit! Die Zeit is mein Vermächtniss, mein Acker ist die Zeit."1 EPΓA KAI HMEPAI2 “Work while it is day. e night cometh, wherein no man can work."3 3 Scholarly Editing 35 (2014) Journal. January. 1839 — Louisville, Ky, Jan. 8th. — I begin this day a journal. I think I shall find it highly useful. I do not think it necessary to record herein every day, of my life — but simply to record such events, and note down such thoughts, feelings & experiences as have a more intimate connection with my mind & character. A Journal should be a reflection of the True Life — the interior being, experience & growth — a mirror of myself, to some extent. I intend to journalize more systematically & philosophically more than I have done. is book, now blank, shall be my friend, my companion, my teacher & monitor, as well as my record. I need something of this sort. I need to retire back on myself4— take an observation of my longitude & latitude in the boundless ocean of Eternity on which I am sailing. I must look back. I must look forward — square my accounts. And post them, clerk-like. I must ask myself, as I enter on this newyear, & this journalbook — how I stand, with myself, & before God. us far I have voyaged, by His all preserving & continually upholding grace — Nearly twenty six years have I been borne along the stream of time5 — a checkered Past! — various experiences! — Has this Past been a Teacher to me? God grant it may have been, in some degree — Let not the years pass by me like the wind, viewless, silent, forgotten! I have many defects, errors, weaknesses to confess, O God, before ee! Do thou grant strength & light for the future! Give me a more tender conscience — give me a firmer faith — inspire me with that spiritual Mind which comes only from ee! — And now, I am Here.