Teratogen Update: Amphetamines
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WELLBUTRIN SR Safely and Effectively
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION psychosis, hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, homicidal ideation, These highlights do not include all the information needed to use aggression, hostility, agitation, anxiety, and panic, as well as suicidal WELLBUTRIN SR safely and effectively. See full prescribing ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. Observe patients information for WELLBUTRIN SR. attempting to quit smoking with bupropion for the occurrence of such symptoms and instruct them to discontinue bupropion and contact a WELLBUTRIN SR (bupropion hydrochloride) sustained-release tablets, healthcare provider if they experience such adverse events. (5.2) for oral use • Initial U.S. Approval: 1985 Seizure risk: The risk is dose-related. Can minimize risk by gradually increasing the dose and limiting daily dose to 400 mg. Discontinue if WARNING: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS seizure occurs. (4, 5.3, 7.3) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Hypertension: WELLBUTRIN SR can increase blood pressure. Monitor blood pressure before initiating treatment and periodically during • Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, treatment. (5.4) adolescents and young adults taking antidepressants. (5.1) • Activation of mania/hypomania: Screen patients for bipolar disorder and • Monitor for worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and monitor for these symptoms. (5.5) behaviors. (5.1) • Psychosis and other neuropsychiatric reactions: Instruct patients to contact a healthcare professional if such reactions occur. (5.6) --------------------------- INDICATIONS AND USAGE ---------------------------- • Angle-closure glaucoma: Angle-closure glaucoma has occurred in WELLBUTRIN SR is an aminoketone antidepressant, indicated for the patients with untreated anatomically narrow angles treated with treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). (1) antidepressants. -
Clarifying the Ghrelin System's Ability to Regulate Feeding Behaviours
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Clarifying the Ghrelin System’s Ability to Regulate Feeding Behaviours Despite Enigmatic Spatial Separation of the GHSR and Its Endogenous Ligand Alexander Edwards and Alfonso Abizaid * Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-613-520-2600 (ext. 1544) Academic Editor: Suzanne L. Dickson Received: 27 February 2017; Accepted: 11 April 2017; Published: 19 April 2017 Abstract: Ghrelin is a hormone predominantly produced in and secreted from the stomach. Ghrelin is involved in many physiological processes including feeding, the stress response, and in modulating learning, memory and motivational processes. Ghrelin does this by binding to its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a receptor found in relatively high concentrations in hypothalamic and mesolimbic brain regions. While the feeding and metabolic effects of ghrelin can be explained by the effects of this hormone on regions of the brain that have a more permeable blood brain barrier (BBB), ghrelin produced within the periphery demonstrates a limited ability to reach extrahypothalamic regions where GHSRs are expressed. Therefore, one of the most pressing unanswered questions plaguing ghrelin research is how GHSRs, distributed in brain regions protected by the BBB, are activated despite ghrelin’s predominant peripheral production and poor ability to transverse the BBB. This manuscript will describe how peripheral ghrelin activates central GHSRs to encourage feeding, and how central ghrelin synthesis and ghrelin independent activation of GHSRs may also contribute to the modulation of feeding behaviours. Keywords: feeding; ghrelin; GHSR; blood brain barrier; vagal afferents; circumventricular organs; central ghrelin synthesis; GHSR heterodimerization; GHSR constitutive activity 1. -
WHO Drug Information Vol. 12, No. 3, 1998
WHO DRUG INFORMATION VOLUME 12 NUMBER 3 • 1998 RECOMMENDED INN LIST 40 INTERNATIONAL NONPROPRIETARY NAMES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION • GENEVA Volume 12, Number 3, 1998 World Health Organization, Geneva WHO Drug Information Contents Seratrodast and hepatic dysfunction 146 Meloxicam safety similar to other NSAIDs 147 Proxibarbal withdrawn from the market 147 General Policy Issues Cholestin an unapproved drug 147 Vigabatrin and visual defects 147 Starting materials for pharmaceutical products: safety concerns 129 Glycerol contaminated with diethylene glycol 129 ATC/DDD Classification (final) 148 Pharmaceutical excipients: certificates of analysis and vendor qualification 130 ATC/DDD Classification Quality assurance and supply of starting (temporary) 150 materials 132 Implementation of vendor certification 134 Control and safe trade in starting materials Essential Drugs for pharmaceuticals: recommendations 134 WHO Model Formulary: Immunosuppressives, antineoplastics and drugs used in palliative care Reports on Individual Drugs Immunosuppresive drugs 153 Tamoxifen in the prevention and treatment Azathioprine 153 of breast cancer 136 Ciclosporin 154 Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and Cytotoxic drugs 154 withdrawal reactions 136 Asparaginase 157 Triclabendazole and fascioliasis 138 Bleomycin 157 Calcium folinate 157 Chlormethine 158 Current Topics Cisplatin 158 Reverse transcriptase activity in vaccines 140 Cyclophosphamide 158 Consumer protection and herbal remedies 141 Cytarabine 159 Indiscriminate antibiotic -
House Bill No. 2191
SECOND REGULAR SESSION HOUSE BILL NO. 2191 99TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY INTRODUCED BY REPRESENTATIVE QUADE. 5582H.01I D. ADAM CRUMBLISS, Chief Clerk AN ACT To repeal section 579.060, RSMo, and to enact in lieu thereof one new section relating to controlled substances, with penalty provisions. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Missouri, as follows: Section A. Section 579.060, RSMo, is repealed and one new section enacted in lieu 2 thereof, to be known as section 579.060, to read as follows: 579.060. 1. A person commits the offense of unlawful sale, distribution, or purchase of 2 over-the-counter methamphetamine precursor drugs if he or she knowingly: 3 (1) Sells, distributes, dispenses, or otherwise provides any number of packages of any 4 drug product containing detectable amounts of ephedrine, levomethamphetamine, 5 phenylpropanolamine, propylhexedrine, or pseudoephedrine, or any of their salts, optical 6 isomers, or salts of optical isomers, in a total amount greater than nine grams to the same 7 individual within a thirty-day period, unless the amount is dispensed, sold, or distributed 8 pursuant to a valid prescription; or 9 (2) Purchases, receives, or otherwise acquires within a thirty-day period any number of 10 packages of any drug product containing any detectable amount of ephedrine, 11 levomethamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine, propylhexedrine, or pseudoephedrine, or any 12 of their salts or optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers in a total amount greater than nine 13 grams, without regard to the number of transactions, unless the amount is purchased, received, 14 or acquired pursuant to a valid prescription; or 15 (3) Purchases, receives, or otherwise acquires within a twenty-four-hour period any 16 number of packages of any drug product containing any detectable amount of ephedrine, 17 levomethamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine, propylhexedrine, or pseudoephedrine, or any EXPLANATION — Matter enclosed in bold-faced brackets [thus] in the above bill is not enacted and is intended to be omitted from the law. -
Investigating Interactions Between Phentermine, Dexfenfluramine, and 5-HT2C Agonists, on Food Intake in the Rat
Psychopharmacology DOI 10.1007/s00213-014-3829-2 ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Investigating interactions between phentermine, dexfenfluramine, and 5-HT2C agonists, on food intake in the rat Andrew J. Grottick & Kevin Whelan & Erin K. Sanabria & Dominic P. Behan & Michael Morgan & Carleton Sage Received: 2 October 2014 /Accepted: 20 November 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Conclusions Dex-phen synergy in the rat is caused by a Rationale Synergistic or supra-additive interactions between pharmacokinetic interaction, resulting in increased central the anorectics (dex)fenfluramine and phentermine have been concentrations of phentermine. reported previously in the rat and in the clinic. Studies with 5- HT2C antagonists and 5-HT2C knockouts have demonstrated Keywords Synergy . BELVIQ® . Lorcaserin . Isobologram . dexfenfluramine hypophagia in the rodent to be mediated by Fen-phen actions at the 5-HT2C receptor. Given the recent FDA approv- al of the selective 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin (BELVIQ®) for weight management, we investigated the interaction between Introduction phentermine and 5-HT2C agonists on food intake. Objectives This study aims to confirm dexfenfluramine- Fenfluramine (Pondimin) and dexfenfluramine (Redux) are phentermine (dex-phen) synergy in a rat food intake assay, anorectic agents which act to enhance serotonergic transmission to extend these findings to other 5-HT2C agonists, and to both through inhibition of 5-HT reuptake by the parent com- determine whether pharmacokinetic interactions could ex- pounds, and through their major circulating des-ethylated me- plain synergistic findings with particular drug combinations. tabolite, (dex)norfenfluramine, which is a 5-HT reuptake inhib- Methods Isobolographic analyses were performed in which itor, a 5-HT and noradrenaline releasing agent, and a potent phentermine was paired with either dexfenfluramine, the 5- agonist at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors (Curzon et al. -
Pharmacological Interventions for Promoting Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy (Review)
Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy (Review) Coleman T, Chamberlain C, Davey MA, Cooper SE, Leonardi-Bee J This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 12 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy (Review) Copyright © 2015 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY . 2 BACKGROUND .................................... 3 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 6 METHODS ...................................... 6 RESULTS....................................... 10 Figure1. ..................................... 13 Figure2. ..................................... 14 DISCUSSION ..................................... 17 AUTHORS’CONCLUSIONS . 19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 19 REFERENCES ..................................... 19 CHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDIES . 26 DATAANDANALYSES. 45 Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Nicotine replacement therapy versus control (Primary outcome - efficacy), Outcome 1 Validated cessation in later pregnancy. ....... 46 Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Nicotine replacement therapy versus control (Primary outcome - efficacy), Outcome 2 Self- report cessation at 3 or 6 months after childbirth. ........... 47 Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Nicotine replacement therapy versus control (Primary -
Is TAAR1 a Potential Therapeutic Target for Immune Dysregulation In
Graduate Physical and Life Sciences PhD Pharmacology Abstract ID# 1081 Is TAAR1 a Potential Therapeutic Target for Immune Dysregulation in Drug Abuse? Fleischer, Lisa M; Tamashunas, Nina and Miller, Gregory M Addiction Sciences Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston MA 02115 Abstract Discovered in 2001, Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a direct target of Data and Results amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA. It is expressed in the brain reward circuity and modulates dopamine transporter function and dopamine neuron firing rates. Newly-developed compounds that specifically target TAAR1 have recently been investigated in animal models In addition to brain, TAAR1 is expressed in immune cells METH promotes PKA and PKC Phosphorylation through TAAR1 as candidate therapeutics for methamphetamine, cocaine and alcohol abuse. These studies • We treated HEK/TAAR1 cells and HEK293 involving classic behavioral measures of drug response, as well as drug self-administration, Rhesus and Human cells with vehicle or METH, with and without strongly implicate TAAR1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of addiction. In activators and inhibitors of PKA and PKC. addition to its central actions, we demonstrated that TAAR1 is upregulated in peripheral blood Cells Lines mononuclear cells (PBMC) and B cells following immune activation, and that subsequent • We performed Western blotting experiments to activation of TAAR1 by methamphetamine stimulates cAMP, similar to the function of measure levels of phospho-PKA and phospho- adenosine A2 receptors which are also present in immune cells and play a critical role in the PKC. immune response. Here, we are investigating the relationship between TAAR1 and the • We found that specific activators of PKA and adenosine A2 receptor at the level of cellular signaling and receptor dimerization. -
FSI-D-16-00226R1 Title
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Forensic Science International Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: FSI-D-16-00226R1 Title: An overview of Emerging and New Psychoactive Substances in the United Kingdom Article Type: Review Article Keywords: New Psychoactive Substances Psychostimulants Lefetamine Hallucinogens LSD Derivatives Benzodiazepines Corresponding Author: Prof. Simon Gibbons, Corresponding Author's Institution: UCL School of Pharmacy First Author: Simon Gibbons Order of Authors: Simon Gibbons; Shruti Beharry Abstract: The purpose of this review is to identify emerging or new psychoactive substances (NPS) by undertaking an online survey of the UK NPS market and to gather any data from online drug fora and published literature. Drugs from four main classes of NPS were identified: psychostimulants, dissociative anaesthetics, hallucinogens (phenylalkylamine-based and lysergamide-based materials) and finally benzodiazepines. For inclusion in the review the 'user reviews' on drugs fora were selected based on whether or not the particular NPS of interest was used alone or in combination. NPS that were use alone were considered. Each of the classes contained drugs that are modelled on existing illegal materials and are now covered by the UK New Psychoactive Substances Bill in 2016. Suggested Reviewers: Title Page (with authors and addresses) An overview of Emerging and New Psychoactive Substances in the United Kingdom Shruti Beharry and Simon Gibbons1 Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL School of Pharmacy -
The Stimulants and Hallucinogens Under Consideration: a Brief Overview of Their Chemistry and Pharmacology
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 17 (1986) 107-118 107 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd. THE STIMULANTS AND HALLUCINOGENS UNDER CONSIDERATION: A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THEIR CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY LOUIS S. HARRIS Dcparlmcnl of Pharmacology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth Unwersity, Richmond, VA 23298 (U.S.A.) SUMMARY The substances under review are a heterogenous set of compounds from a pharmacological point of view, though many have a common phenylethyl- amine structure. Variations in structure lead to marked changes in potency and characteristic action. The introductory material presented here is meant to provide a set of chemical and pharmacological highlights of the 28 substances under con- sideration. The most commonly used names or INN names, Chemical Abstract (CA) names and numbers, and elemental formulae are provided in the accompanying figures. This provides both some basic information on the substances and a starting point for the more detailed information that follows in the individual papers by contributors to the symposium. Key words: Stimulants, their chemistry and pharmacology - Hallucinogens, their chemistry and pharmacology INTRODUCTION Cathine (Fig. 1) is one of the active principles of khat (Catha edulis). The structure has two asymmetric centers and exists as two geometric isomers, each of which has been resolved into its optical isomers. In the plant it exists as d-nor-pseudoephedrine. It is a typical sympathomimetic amine with a strong component of amphetamine-like activity. The racemic mixture is known generically in this country and others as phenylpropanolamine (dl- norephedrine). It is widely available as an over-the-counter (OTC) anti- appetite agent and nasal decongestant. -
Substance Use in Pregnancy
Policy Clinical Guideline South Australian Perinatal Practices Guidelines – Substance use in Pregnancy Policy developed by: SA Maternal and Neonatal Clinical Network Approved SA Health Safety & Quality Strategic Governance Committee on: 8 October 2013 Next review due: 30 August 2016 Summary Guideline for the management of the pregnant woman with substance use. Keywords fetal, alcohol, tobacco, psychostimulants, opioids, midwifery, obstetric, contraception, unplanned pregnancies, blood-borne, viruses, substance, Perinatal Practices Guidelines, Substance use in Pregnancy, clinical guideline Policy history Is this a new policy? No Does this policy amend or update an existing policy? Yes Does this policy replace an existing policy? Yes If so, which policies? Substance use in Pregnancy Applies to All SA Health Portfolio All Department for Health and Ageing Divisions All Health Networks CALHN, SALHN, NALHN, CHSALHN, WCHN, SAAS Other Staff impact All Clinical, Medical, Nursing, Allied Health, Emergency, Dental, Mental Health, Pathology PDS reference CG117 Version control and change history Version Date from Date to Amendment 1.0 27 Jul 04 28 Oct 08 Original version 2.0 28 Oct 08 03 Mar 09 Breastfeeding reviewed 3.0 03 Mar 09 30 Nov 09 Labour and birth reviewed 4.0 14 Aug 13 Current NAS section removed © Department for Health and Ageing, Government of South Australia. All rights reserved. South Australian Perinatal Practice Guidelines substance use in pregnancy © Department of Health, Government of South Australia. All rights reserved. Note This guideline provides advice of a general nature. This statewide guideline has been prepared to promote and facilitate standardisation and consistency of practice, using a multidisciplinary approach. The guideline is based on a review of published evidence and expert opinion. -
The 2014 Prohibited List International Standard
The World Anti-Doping Code THE 2014 PROHIBITED LIST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Version 2.0 (revised 2014 version) The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail. This List shall come into effect on 1 September 2014 The revised 2014 Prohibited List 17 May 2014 THE 2014 PROHIBITED LIST WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE Valid 1 September 2014 In accordance with Article 4.2.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code, all Prohibited Substances shall be considered as “Specified Substances” except Substances in classes S1, S2, S4.4, S4.5, S6.a, and Prohibited Methods M1, M2 and M3. SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES S0. NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times. S1. ANABOLIC AGENTS Anabolic agents are prohibited. 1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) a. Exogenous* AAS, including: 1-androstenediol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol ); 1-androstenedione (5α- androst-1-ene-3,17-dione); bolandiol (estr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol ); bolasterone; boldenone; boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione); calusterone; clostebol; -
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist.