ater-efficient Plants Wfor the Willamette Valley his Plant Guide has been made available through a A special thanks to all those who contributed the many photos for this publication and T partnership between Clackamas Community College provided editorial content and feedback. Horticulture Department, South Fork Water Board, Regional Water Elizabeth Howley, Clackamas Community College, Providers Consortium, OSU Extension Service, City of Corvallis, Horticulture Department and Eugene Water and Electric Board, with the goal of moving Neil Bell, OSU Extension Service towards a more water-efficient community through water-efficient Pat Breen, OSU Department of Horticulture landscaping. We recognize that there are many more well deserving Louis-M. Landry; Fred Hrusa; John Game; David McClurg; Luigi Rignanese; Tim Sullivan; Jerry Murray; water-efficient plants than we were able to include in this guide. Steve Matson; Scotty Fairchild; Linda McMahan; Bluestem Nursery; Trans-Pacific Nursery; Renee Harber; For more information about the following partners, go to their Chris Miskow websites listed below. Other Credits Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy: Pinus nigra, Daphne cneorum, Crocus vernus ssp. albiflorus, Malva alcea, Geranium sanguineum, Origanum vulgare Brousseau Collection: Abies grandis, Oemleria cerasiformis, Solidago sp., Artemisia suksdorfii, Fragaria chiloensis Charles Webber © California Academy of Sciences: Juniperus scopulorum; Ceanothus impressus; Clackamas Community College The City of Corvallis Hypericum calycinum http://depts.clackamas.edu/hort/ www.ci.corvallis.or.us Gerald and Buff Corsi © California Academy of Sciences: Pinus ponderosa; Gaillardia aristata Dr. G. Dallas and Margaret Hanna © California Academy of Sciences: Acer circinatum Robert Potts © California Academy of Sciences: Aster subspicatus; Oxalis oregana Christopher Christie © 2003 Dicentra formosa Eugene Water and Electric Board Oregon State University Extension Service Dr. Nick V. Kurzenko ©2004 Phellodendron amurense; http://www.eweb.org/ http://extension.oregonstate.edu Pinus densiflora Timonthy D. Ives © 2002 Abies procera Jeff Abbas © 2001 Ratibida columnifera George Jackson © 2002 Calycanthus occidentalis JoAnn Ordano © California Academy of Sciences: Papaver somniferum Joseph Dougherty/ecology.org © Cercis occidentalis, Liatris spicata Robert Sivinski © 2004 Penstemon barbatus ssp. torreyi Regional Water Providers Consortium South Fork Water Board Virginia Moore © California Academy of Sciences: Briza www.conserveh2o.org www.sfwb.org maxima Table of Contents

Introduction...... 2

7 Basic Steps...... 3-7

Broadleaf Trees...... 8-11

Evergreen Conifer Trees...... 10-15

Shrubs...... 14-27

Bulbs...... 26-29

Perennials...... 28-37

Ground Covers...... 36-39

Ornamental Grasses...... 40-41

Water-efficient Demonstration Gardens...... 42-43

Index...... 44-45

Resources...... Back Cover Intro estern Oregon has a manufacturing, fish habitat, and This guide was created by horticulture WMediterranean-type climate, emergencies such as firefighting. In and conservation experts as a tool to which is characterized by mild, wet addition to seasonal peaks, daily water assist the general gardener in making winters and dry, warm summers. Our use patterns can add stress to already decisions about how to use water dry period typically lasts 3 months stressed water distribution systems. more efficiently in their landscapes. (July through September), and Most automatic irrigation timers are set In addition to the water savings you daytime temperatures may exceed to go off in the early mornings (5 a.m.- will see, there are a number of other 90° F. This combination of dry days 7 a.m.) certain days of the week; benefits that come with water-efficient and summer heat will cause stress therefore utilities must often super-size landscaping. They include reduced to many landscape plants if they are their facilities to meet early morning fertilizer and chemical use, less weed not irrigated regularly. As a result, demands that may or may not occur growth, less energy use, less water municipal water use in the Willamette in any given year based on weather runoff, and reduced maintenance. Valley frequently doubles or triples conditions. If customers set irrigation Landscapes add value, beauty and during the summer months due to timers at other times of the morning or livability to our homes, and keeping outdoor watering. See the graph below. night (11 p.m.-5 a.m.), water utilities them water-efficient is a critical part of As the population in our region grows, would be assured of making the most being a good steward. Whether you meeting our summer watering needs is of existing facilities before building new are redoing an existing landscape or becoming more challenging. expensive structures. landscaping a new home or business, When we draw water from our Water conservation measures can consider this guide as a place to begin reservoirs faster than we can keep enable water providers to delay your efforts. them filled, we threaten the supply of building costly new facilities or seeking By following the seven basic steps water needed for drinking, irrigation, new water sources, thus helping keep of water-efficient landscaping, and water rates by using this Water-efficient Plants down. While Typical Residential Water Use vs for the Willamette Valley guide, conservation Rainfall West of Cascades you will discover trees, shrubs, alone will not bulbs, perennials, ground covers, eliminate the 8 and ornamental grasses that were 600 need to increase 7 chosen because they are suited to our

500 Inches of Rainfall our water supply, 6 Mediterranean-type climate and require it can make 400 less water, fertilizer, maintenance 5 a substantial or other special care once they are 300 4 impact and 3 established. These plants will also 200 balance the effect 2 allow you to continue to achieve color, Million Gallons per Month of population 100 diversity, texture, and beauty in your 1 growth. landscape. 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Water Use Precipitation  The 7 Basic Steps The 7 Basic Steps ater-efficient landscaping uses simple, common-sense gardening practices. Many of Wthese principles have been used in traditional landscaping for years as separate or partially combined principles. The seven basic steps incorporate all of them into one holistic method resulting in a unique landscaping approach that combines all the necessary elements to achieve a water-conserving landscape.

1: Planning and Design. The planning Your yard is made up of numerous and design of your landscape is one of the microclimates. A microclimate is the most important steps. Whether you are climate of a small area that is different starting from scratch or changing your from the areas around it. It may be wetter existing landscape, begin by creating or drier, warmer or colder, or more or a plan. Your plan can range from a less prone to frost than other areas of You may want to begin by dividing your drawn sketch to a professional survey. A your yard. Microclimates in your yard can yard into four different light exposures thoughtful design can allow you to install be influenced by your house, balconies, - north, south, east, and west. What kind your landscape in phases and avoid costly rooftops, fences, walls, large rocks or trees, of light is available during various parts of mistakes. Be sure to include the location of and paved surfaces. It is important to note the day - bright sunlight, filtered sunlight existing structures, trees, shrubs, paths or these areas in your plan. or shade? Remember, morning sunlight walkways, and important views you want is cooler than afternoon sunlight. You can to keep (or eliminate), as well as the sun then identify specific types of plants you orientation and the direction of the wind. want to incorporate into your landscape.

GARDEN For example, a shade tree planted in SHED SUMMER the southeast section of your property WINTER WEST SUNSET RECREATION/ACTIVE AREA SUNSET • OPEN AREA will provide cooling for your home and WINTER • POSSIBLE VEGTABLE GARDEN WINDS BR BR landscape. SUMMER WINDS GENTLE BARRIER SLOPE NEEDED OUTDOOR LIVING AREA BUFFER AREA TRANSITION/ • EATING AREA/SOCIAL AREA

NORTH • BAR-BE-QUE/COOKING B Note: Before selecting a tree, take the BR time to look over your site for things WORK/ B DR SERVICE such as overhead utility lines as well as

SOUTH HOUSE AREA • TRASH underground utility lines. Think about VIEW OF VIEW OF NEIGHBORS NEIGHBORS • STORAGE PROPERTY PROPERTY how the tree will look at maturity and • POTTING G S K LR how that will work within the location you VIEW OF VIEW HOUSE PUBLIC/ENTRANCE AREA are thinking about. Work with your local OF HOUSE WINTER VIEW OF SUMMER SUNRISE HOUSE SUNRISE • ATTRACTIVE ENTRANCE nursery to select the right tree. For more EAST • PARTIAL ENCLOSURE AT ENTRANCE • FOR SEMI-PRIVACY help in planting the right tree in the right • EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS • place visit www.treesaregood.com. • NOTE ON SOIL TYPE • SOIL IS MAINLY CLAY WITH SOME SAND IN IT, FAIR TO POOR DRAINAGE. CHECK WITH • DIAGRAM SPACE NEEDS • COUNTY EXTENSION OFFICE TO HAVE SOIL TESTED.  The 7 Basic Steps By identifying and understanding result is soil that is low in organic matter of various soil amendments, check with microclimates, you have the ability to put and nutrient content. Compaction your local OSU Extension office for a copy the right plant in the right place, creating also prevents root growth and water of EC 1561, Improving garden soils with a healthier, water-efficient landscape. percolation into the soil, reducing plant organic matter. If you need help with your landscape growth and water availability. layout, consult with a garden center 3: Create Functional Turf Area. Grass In disturbed and compacted sites, or a landscape professional. For more requires more water and maintenance consider testing the soil before planting information, refer to the resource section of than most other plants, so it is important to find out what it requires. Soil issues this guide. to evaluate your landscape to see where requiring particular attention include grass is practical and functional. A lawn soil compaction and soil pH, but also 2: Compost and Cultivate. Soil should be designed to serve multiple organic matter content and nutrient improvements are very important to purposes - for play areas, picnics, and pets. availability. Many companies will test soil water-efficient landscaping. Understanding In many cases, grass can be replaced with for homeowners. For a list of these, check the basic characteristics of your soil is key other, less-thirsty seed mixtures like ecoturf with your local OSU Extension office for for plant selection and watering practices. or materials such as groundcovers, low- a copy of EM 8677, A list of analytical A productive soil provides physical water-use plants, mulches, or hardscape laboratories serving Oregon. support, water, air and nutrients to plants features. as well as soil-dwelling organisms. Roots One of the easiest ways to improve the soil Steep slopes, sharp angles, and narrow and soil organisms breathe just as we do and create a better environment for your driveways or sidewalk strips are difficult and require sufficient air and water to plants is to amend your soil with compost to water-efficiently and are usually hard live. As a result, a good soil is not “solid,” and organic matter. Working amendments to mow. Consider ground covers, low- instead between 40 and 60% of the soil into soil will help to alleviate compaction water-use plants, and mulches for these volume is pores. The pores may be filled problems and improve the ability of the areas, or where foot traffic is infrequent with either water or air, which makes both soil to accept and store water. Amending or undesirable. Ground covers offer much available to plants. The largest pores in your soil often means that you can reduce of a lawn’s neatness and uniformity with the soil control aeration and movement of the amount of water a newly planted less maintenance. Hardscape features are water through the soil and are largely the garden requires. Adding organic matter another way to enhance the functionality result of animal and earthworm burrowing will also increase the activity and the of your yard while helping you rely less or root growth. The smaller pores can number of soil organisms. on irrigation. In high use areas consider store water. Over time, a well-amended soil will supply putting in pathways or patios made of Native, undisturbed soils in the Willamette more of the nutrients your plants require, wood, rock or gravel that allows water Valley are usually silt loam or clay loam which will reduce fertilizer requirements. to drain through them and into the soil and are suitable for the growth of most Soils amended with organic matter are a beneath. plants. However, the soil that remains better sponge for water, allowing more Keep these water-saving guidelines in after construction of homes are usually water to go into the soil, and less water mind when evaluating your lawn area: dramatically modified from the native to run off the surface. Because surface soil that existed prior to construction. runoff is reduced, pesticides and fertilizers • Place the lawn where it will be the most This soil is often composed of subsoil are retained in the soil and prevented useful. material excavated during road or from washing off into nearby rivers • Keep the physical layout of the grass foundation construction. This subsoil and lakes. A well-balanced soil is key to area in easy-to-irrigate shapes. overlays the native soil and is compacted maintaining healthy plants and lawn. For during construction by machinery. The more information on the benefits and use • Edge the lawn’s perimeter so that it is easier to mow.  The 7 Basic Steps • Don’t plant grass on steep slopes. or under watering which can cause stress 5: Water Wisely. The most common and promote disease. Watering zones help problem in the home landscape is over • Consider placing beds of water-thirsty you avoid wasting water, while reducing watering. When this is combined with plants near the lawn so they benefit the amount of time, effort, and natural poor soil quality it can reduce plant from additional water. resources needed to maintain your garden. growth or even cause plant death, but • Consider letting your lawn go dormant; Consider dividing your landscape into more importantly, it’s wasteful. A well- it will turn green again with the autumn three watering zones: high, moderate, and planned, well-designed, well-timed rains. low watering zones. irrigation system saves money and promotes plant health by applying the High watering zones may be small, visible, 4: The Right Plant in the Right right amount of water without excess. highly maintained areas such as home Place. Different plants need different Soaker hoses or drip irrigation are the entrances or lawn areas. This is where your amounts of water, sun, and shade to most water-efficient systems for trees and thirstiest plants should be planted. These survive. Once you have identified your planting beds. areas are typically located near the water microclimates you can select plants suited source so they are easy to water. Moderate Overhead sprinkling generally is less to these specific areas of your landscape. watering zones may need occasional efficient than watering at the soil surface, How will you fit the appropriate plants into watering in addition to natural rainfall because more water is lost to evaporation the microclimates you have identified? to maintain healthy plants. Plants in low and wind. Water is also often applied faster Are the plants you want actually suited to watering zones can typically survive on than the soil can absorb it; so it runs off or the weather conditions of the Willamette natural rainfall once they are established. is lost to evaporation, and never reaches Valley? To help answer these questions, These plants are typically located in the the plant roots. the USDA developed a rating system that outer areas of the yard. divides the United States and Southern Canada into eleven zones. Each zone is based on a 10 degree Fahrenheit difference in the average annual minimum USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (i.e. winter) temperature and will help you Oregon match plants with appropriate hardiness to low winter temperatures. The Willamette Average Annual Minimum Valley, including the Portland Metro area, Temperature is rated as zone 8 (10 to 20 degrees F). Temperature (°C) Zone temperature (°F) -45.6 and Below 1 Below -50 The USDA Hardiness Zones are not the 42.8 to -45.5 2a -45 to -50 same as the Sunset Climate Zones. The -40.0 to -42.7 2b -40 to -45 -37.3 to -40.0 3a -35 to -40 Sunset Climate Zone for the Willamette -34.5 to -37.2 3b -30 to -35 -31.7 to -34.4 4a -25 to -30 Valley is 6. -28.9 to -31.6 4b -20 to -25 -26.2 to -28.8 5a -15 to -20 In addition to managing your yard’s -23.4 to -26.1 5b -10 to -15 -20.6 to -23.3 6a -5 to -10 microclimates, look at creating watering -17.8 to -20.5 6b 0 to -5 zones in your landscape. Within each -15.0 to -17.7 7a 5 to 0 -12.3 to -15.0 7b 10 to 5 watering zone, all of the plants should -9.5 to -12.2 8a 15 to 10 -6.7 to -9.4 8b 20 to 15 have the same general watering needs, -3.9 to -6.6 9a 25 to 20 allowing you to give each plant only -1.2 to -3.8 9b 30 to 25 1.6 to -1.1 10a 35to 30 the amount of water it needs. Matching 4.4 to 1.7 10b 40 to 35 water requirements helps prevent over 4.5 and Above 11 40 and Above  The 7 Basic Steps The amount you water should be based on Average Water Depth Number of Minutes 6: The Use of Mulch. Mulch comes in two soil conditions and plant needs. Watering in the Cans (in inches) Needed to Water forms, organic and inorganic. Both provide thoroughly, but infrequently, will help After 15 minutes 1 inch a protective layer of material that covers roots grow deeper, so that more stored the soil surface. Unlike a soil amendment, water is accessible to the plant from the 1/8 120 mulch is not tilled into the soil. Organic soil reservoir. 3/16 80 mulches include aged manure, compost, 1/4 60 bark, or wood chips. Inorganic mulches Generally, turf requires more water 5/16 46 include gravel and river rock, or landscape than other plants, so irrigate turf areas cloth. Mulches are available in many separately from other plant areas. 3/8 40 shapes, sizes and colors, so the kind of Typically, trees, shrub beds, and perennials 1/2 30 mulch you choose really depends on don’t need as much water as lawns. Water 5/8 24 your preference. There are a number of needs vary according to specific weather 3/4 20 benefits to using mulch, including the conditions, so it is important to adjust 1 15 following: your watering schedule to compensate 1 1/4 12 for changes in the weather. Learn how to • Evaporation is a major source of water set you controller so that you can adjust If water puddles or runs off to another loss from the soil, and occurs because the watering time up as weather warms part of the landscape, the soil may have of the combined action of sun and wind and down based on cooler weather and a lot of clay and/or your irrigation system on the soil surface. A layer of mulch autumn rains. is applying water too fast. To manage can significantly reduce the amount of evaporation taking place and increase During the summer an established lawn this condition, spread the total watering water available in the soil. needs about 1 inch of water each week time out over multiple days with a (including rainfall), and up to 1.5 inches one to two hour break between short • A mulch layer will reduce the impact of per week during long hot, dry spells. watering periods. For example, if the raindrops on the soil surface, decreasing chart recommends watering 40 minutes the likelihood of a compacted layer, To figure out how to measure 1 inch of per week, then run the sprinklers for ten and allow water to infiltrate the soil to a water, try this: minutes, wait an hour, then water for greater depth, reducing soil erosion and • Set out five empty straight sided another ten minutes, and do this on two runoff. cans (such as tuna or pet food cans) days of the week about three days apart • Mulch provides some control of weeds throughout the lawn. from each other. in landscapes or gardens. Management • Turn on the sprinkler for exactly 15 of weeds is desirable for aesthetic minutes. reasons, but it also will improve plant growth by decreasing competition for • Measure the depth of the water in each ET - Water to the weather. Plants water. can, then add up the numbers and transpire water into the air and water divide by five. This gives the average is evaporated from the soil. This • Organic mulches reduce soil absorption water depth of all the cans. process is called evapotranspiration of heat by reflecting sunlight. Soils or ET. Replacing this transpired and mulched with organic matter tend to • Find the average water depth on the evaporated water is the most efficient maintain a more consistent temperature chart to the right. The box to the right way to water. For local information on ET throughout the day, and year, compared of that number is the total weekly refer to the More Information section on with bare soil. By contrast, plastic watering time needed from your the back cover of this guide. mulches have a tendency to increase soil sprinkler. temperatures.  The 7 Basic Steps • Mulching can also improve the soil 7: Keep Up the Maintenance. Routine Make every drop count — check your structure and biology. The use of organic maintenance such as pruning, pest irrigation system regularly to make sure it mulches stimulates the activity of control, and fertilization will keep your provides the right amount of water, at the beneficial soil organisms, and provides plants healthy and your landscape at its right place, at the right time. Also check habit or cover for these organisms peak. A healthy landscape is more resistant for leaks and broken sprinkler heads. Don’t including earthworms. to summer heat, freezing, insects and water your sidewalk or driveway — they disease. The following are a number of won’t grow no matter how much you • As mulch decomposes, nutrients are maintenance tips. water them! slowly released to the soil for plant use. Aerate your lawn annually and de-thatch If you need help with your water- Mulch should be applied annually or as as needed to ensure that the roots are efficient landscape, consult a landscape needed in the spring to conserve moisture receiving the right amount of water and professional, seek advice from your local and prevent weed seeds from sprouting or oxygen. garden center, or consult with an OSU in the winter to protect soil from erosion Master Gardener. For more information, and help plant roots retain warmth. Use 1 Weeds compete with plants for nutrients, refer to the resource section of this guide. to 2 inches of compost, leaves, sawdust, light and water, so weed frequently Most of all enjoy, your time in your yard or 2 to 4 inches of coarsely shredded bark by hoeing or pulling them by hand. and the benefits from reducing your water or wood chips. If the mulch is too deep, Remember, a good layer of mulch will help usage. water will have a difficult time reaching with weed suppression. the plant roots.

Plant Legend

Oregon Native Evergreen/Deciduous L - Low-water-use: plants perform well with minimal supplemental 3 - Plant is native to Oregon E - Evergreen, retains some or all of irrigation once established. its foliage year round. M - Moderate-water-use: plants Height D - Deciduous, loses leaves during the perform well with some Individual plants may vary in height plant’s dormant season. depending on age and condition. supplemental irrigation once established. Water Spread Refers to the plant’s water needs after Wildlife Individual plants may vary in width they are established. All plants require Flowers, leaves, or berries provide depending on maturity and space more water when first planted. allotted for the plant. value for birds and mammals.

 Broadleaf Trees

Vine Maple Amur Maple Silk Tree or Mimosa

Madrone Upright Hornbeam

eastern Redbud Snow Gum Raywood Ash Western Catalpa  Broadleaf Trees

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Broadleaf Trees

Vine Maple 3 5-20’ 3-6’ part D may be a small, red-orange M may be thinned to shape Y grows best in full shade, best fall Acer circinatum shade to multi-stemmed fall color and reveal form color when grown in sun, but will shade tree need more water if grown in sun

Amur Maple 20’ 15-20’ sun D leaves turn a deep green M remove crossing Y see *, this small tree fits well into Acer ginnala brilliant red in leaves branches, prune as a an urban garden, and has red fall fall large shrub or small tree color

Silk Tree or Mimosa 25-30’ 25- sun D foliage has pink flowers L this plant is late to leaf N see *, fragrant summer flowers Albizia julibrissin 30’ tropical look, out, so be cautious about shaped like bottle brushes, prone summer flowers spring pruning to ice damage

Madrone 3 30- 15-25’ sun E bronze, peeling evergreen L thin if necessary to Y this plant is difficult to establish, Arbutus menziesii 50’ bark on smooth leaves increase air circulation must be planted in very well- trunk drained soil, avoid summer water once established

Upright Hornbeam 30’ 15’ sun D small leaves medium M remove branches that N this small tree with fine texture Carpinus betulus provide a fine green leaves cross or rub against each fits well into an urban garden and ‘Fastigiata’ texture other has a neat appearance

Western Catalpa 50’ 25- sun D summer flower large leaves M due to this plant’s weak Y large clusters of flowers in Catalpa speciosa 30’ clusters wood, remove branches summer serve as a nectar source with narrow angles of for bees attachment

Eastern Redbud 20’ 15’ sun D early spring pea-shaped M remove crossing N very early showy flowers are Cercis canadensis flowers dark pink branches, prune as a a harbinger of spring, ‘Forest flowers small tree Pansy’ has burgundy foliage

Snow Gum 20-30’ 15-25’ sun E beautiful gray- interesting L if very severe winter cold N see *, bark is a mottled gray- Eucalyptus pauciflora green, lance- foliage causes some die-back, white, fragrant stems of leaves are ssp. niphophila shaped leaves texture this plant will resprout useful in arrangements, prone to and peeling bark from the base ice damage, many other varieties available

Raywood Ash 30’ 25’ sun D fine foliage burgundy fall L remove branches that N a small tree with attractive fall Fraxinus angustifolia texture and fall color have a weak angle of color and an airy appearance ‘Raywood’ color attachment

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries  Broadleaf Trees

Amur Maackia Persian Parrotia Evergreen Conifer Trees

Ginkgo Amur Cork Tree

Silver Linden Lacebark Elm Japanese Zelkova Grand Fir Oregon White Oak 10 Broadleaf Trees

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Ginkgo 25- 20- sun D leaf shape and bright yellow M retain a central leader for N most specimens for sale are male Ginkgo biloba 40’ 25’ fall color fall color structural integrity plants because the fruit borne on females has an unpleasant odor

Amur Maackia 30’ 25’ sun D dark green dark green M thin out and remove N a slow-growing, round-headed Maackia amurensis leaves and leaves, white crossing or upright tree, many white flowers in clusters of flowers branches summer white flowers in summer

Persian Parrotia 30’ 15-20’ sun D shiny dark green orange, red, M remove lower branches N the trunk of this tree has patchy Parrotia persica leaves and and yellow colors in many shades of brown attractive fall in fall and rust color Evergreen Conifer Trees

Amur Cork Tree 40’ 25- sun to D corky bark and attractive M remove any upright N see*, the foliage of this plant Phellodendron 30’ part wide spreading gray-tan bark branches to open up this combined with the unusual look amurense shade branches tree of the cork-like bark appears tropical

Oregon White Oak 3 60’ 60’ sun D large spreading dark green L remove any upright Y a great native tree for attracting Quercus garryana crown on this leaves branches to open up this wildlife, avoid summer watering tree tree once established, slow growing

Silver Linden 40’ 25’ sun D fragrant flowers leaves are M retain a central leader for N sweet smelling, cream colored Tilia tomentosa dark green structural integrity fragrant flowers in late spring above and silver-white below

Lacebark Elm 30- 20- sun D fine foliage dark green M remove crossing branches Y see*, a tree with a very fine Ulmus parvifolia 50’ 40’ texture and fall leaves texture which grows rapidly and color will reach great height, resistant to Dutch Elm disease

Japanese Zelkova 50’ 50’ sun D wide spreading handsome M remove crossing branches N a large shade tree which will Zelkova serrata crown bark develop a wide-spreading crown Evergreen Conifer Trees

Grand Fir 3 50’ 30- sun to E symmetrical glossy dark L retain central leader Y needles smell like tangerine Abies grandis 40’ part needled green needles when crushed — may be used for shade evergreen potpourri

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 11 Evergreen Conifer Trees

Spanish Fir Noble Fir Atlas Cedar

Colorado Blue Spruce Japanese Red Pine Austrian Pine

Rocky Mountain Juniper Ponderosa Pine Eastern White Pine Scot’s Pine 12 Evergreen Conifer Trees

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Spanish Fir 10-30’ 5-15’ sun E attractive blue- white L retain central leader Y this small evergreen tree has a Abies pinsapo green needles undersides of neat appearance, slow growing, needles many varieties available

Noble Fir 3 20- 10- sun E cone-shaped soft gray- L retain central leader, Y a moderate growing needled- Abies procera 50’ 20’ young tree, green needles remove crossing branches evergreen becoming large

Atlas Cedar 25-75’ 6-40’ sun E loose, open medium L remove crossing Y thinning large trees helps to Cedrus atlantica evergreen green needles branches, retain central prevent wind damage — a tree leader care company could help with this, other varieties available

Rocky Mountain 20’ 2-6’ sun E upright shrub or gray-green L in areas of heavy snow or Y pleasant summer fragrance, many Juniper small tree, dense needles ice, tie up branches varieties available Juniperus scopulorum foliage

Colorado Blue Spruce 30- 15-30’ sun E light blue-green blue-green L retain central leader Y tree has sharp-pointed needles, Picea pungens 60’ foliage on this needles many varieties available in tree var. glauca conical shaped and shrub form tree

Japanese Red Pine 10-50’ 5-20’ sun E upright pine tree dark green L retain central leader, Y a popular pine for small and large Pinus densiflora with an open needles remove crossing branches gardens, many varieties available habit of growth

Austrian Pine 10-50’ 5-20’ sun E slow to dark green L retain central leader, Y the deep green color of this tree’s Pinus nigra moderate needles remove crossing branches foliage makes it an attractive growing small garden backdrop pine tree

Ponderosa Pine 3 30- 15-30’ sun E open and airy light green L retain central leader, Y a large tree with an open Pinus ponderosa 60’ foliage/needles needles remove crossing branches canopy which allows sunlight to reach the ground beneath the tree; Willamette Valley form is preferred

Eastern White Pine 30- 15-30’ sun E soft foliage on medium L retain central leader, Y has an open form, there are many Pinus strobus 60’ this needled green needles remove crossing branches varieties available evergreen

Scot’s Pine 12-40’ 10- sun E orange tinted gray-green L retain central leader, Y see*, tree can become more Pinus sylvestris 20’ bark makes this needles remove crossing branches attractive as it ages, many tree a colorful tree and shrub varieties available year-round

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 13 Evergreen Conifer Trees

Japanese Black Pine Douglas-fir Western Redcedar Western Hemlock

Mountain Hemlock Leyland Cypress Western Hemlock Shrubs

Dwarf Strawberry Tree Serviceberry Hairy Manzanita 14 Evergreen Conifer Trees

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Japanese Black Pine 25-75’ 15-25’ sun E irregular shape dark gray- L retain central leader Y a species with many varieties Pinus thunbergii green needles available

Douglas-fir 3 50- 20- sun or E soft needled tree medium to L retain central leader Y large older trees may withstand Pseudotsuga menziesii 100’ 30’ part dark green windstorms if thinned but best to shade needles plant away from structures, fast growing

Western Redcedar 3 50’ + 15-25’ sun to E graceful bright green M retain central leader, Y as a young tree, this species Thuja plicata part downward- to deep green remove crossing branches should be watered deeply yet shade sweeping foliage foliage infrequently — to establish a deep root system, once established will tolerate deep shade

Western Hemlock 3 50- 20- sun or E soft foliage dark green M retain central leader Y the fine texture of this tree makes Tsuga heterophylla 100’ 30’ shade on this small- needles an attractive backdrop to other needled garden plants evergreen

Mountain Hemlock 3 5-25’ 5-10’ sun E a small tree with gray-green L retain central leader Y this slow growing small tree is Tsuga mertensiana a tight cone needles a suitable addition to a small shape garden or a rock garden

Leyland Cypress 25- 10-15’ sun E graceful foliage green sprays M may be pruned to N varieties: ‘Castlewellan’ — golden x Cupressocyparis 50’ of foliage maintain a hedge foliage; ‘Naylor’s Blue’ — blue leylandii foliage Shrubs Serviceberry 3 8-15’ 4-8’ sun D multi-stemmed white flowers, L little required, if it is Y many varieties are available Amelanchier alnifolia shrub with early leaves turn desired to keep this plant — some have larger flowers and flowers orange in fall small, older stems may be more abundant fruit, some tree removed forms are available, non-native species also available Shrubs Dwarf Strawberry Tree 5’ 3-4’ sun or E shiny dark green bright red L remove wayward Y large red fruit attract wildlife Arbutus unedo part leaves, flower fruit branches ‘Compacta’ shade and fruit

Hairy Manzanita 3 3’ 3-6’ sun or E a small-leaved leathery dark L may prune to maintain a Y bright red branches are attractive Arctostaphylos part shrub green leaves, small shrub when this plant is pruned to columbiana shade reddish bark accent them

15 Shrubs

Coyote Brush Japanese Barberry Boxwood

Western Spice Bush Bluebeard Santa Barbara Ceanothus

Blue Blossom Western Redbud Flowering Quince 16 Shrubs

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Coyote Brush 3 4-6’ 4-8’ sun E dense shrub that bright green L may be pruned lightly to N varieties with different growth Baccharis pilularis spreads widely, leaves shape it habits are available, native to fragrant flowers coastal Oregon in autumn

Japanese Barberry 3-4’ 2-3’ sun D this multi- orange-red L remove older stems at the Y see *, numerous shapes and Berberis thunbergii stemmed shrub fruit base to encourage new varieties available, including red forms a thicket growth and golden leaf forms for birds to hide in

Boxwood 2-6’ 2-6’ sun E small leaves give medium M may be sheared to N the sun and heat of summer Buxus sempervirens this plant a fine green leaves desired shape causes the foliage to give off an texture unpleasant odor, many varieties available

Western Spice Bush 3 4-6’ 4-6’ sun or D 2” wide fragrant bright green L little pruning required, N native to southern Oregon Calycanthus occidentalis shade reddish-brown leaves remove crowded stems flowers

Bluebeard 2-3’ 2-3’ sun D low-growing blue flowers L cut back hard prior to N has a long period of bloom in Caryopteris x mound with and silvery spring growth or after mid-late summer clandonensis small leaves foliage flowering to encourage repeat bloom

Santa Barbara 5-8’ 5-8’ sun E fast-growing dark blue L can be sheared lightly N at flowering time, plant is covered Ceanothus shrub flowers and used as a hedge with masses of dark blue flowers, Ceanothus impressus select forms available, plants may grow larger

Blue Blossom 3 5-8’ 5-8’ sun E deep green blue-purple L can be pruned in early N one of the hardiest Ceanothus, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus leaves combined flowers summer to maintain as a ‘Victoria’ is a commonly available with flowers are smaller plant form, plants may grow larger, spectacular many varieties available, attracts bees when blooming

Western Redbud 10’ 10’ sun or D shrub or small pink flowers L may prune to maintain a N seed pods are attractive in winter Cercis occidentalis part tree and blue- small tree form shade green leaves

Flowering Quince 5’ 5-8’ sun D late winter shiny green L need little to no Y shrub has large thorns which Chaenomeles speciosa flowers leaves maintenance if sited provide protection for birds, correctly many colors and varieties available

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 17 Shrubs

Rockrose Redtwig Dogwood Smokebush

Caucasian Daphne Garland Daphne Biscay Heath

Winter Creeper Evergreen Euonymus Wulfenii Spurge 18 Shrubs

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Rockrose 3-5’ 3-5’ sun E spring flowers, white to pink L little maintenance is N aromatic leaves, may be used as Cistus x hybridus mounding, flowers required a hedge or background shrub, spreading shrub many select forms available

Redtwig Dogwood 3 4-8’ 4-8’ sun or D red stems on more fruit will L remove 1/3 of the oldest Y the stems of this shrub are a Cornus sericea part new growth be produced stems, at ground level, favorite for floral arrangements, shade provide winter when there each winter to encourage many varieties of non-native interest are several the production of new species with colorful stems are plants red stems available

Smokebush 5-10’ 4-8’ sun D the flower/ medium M thin, if necessary, and N morning dew on the flower/seed Cotinus coggygria seed heads green leaves cut back old stems to the heads is attractive, many varieties create a smoky ground to encourage available with different leaf and appearance vigorous new growth flower colors

Caucasian Daphne 3’ 3’ sun E fragrant flowers small, L little maintenance N see *, long bloom period and fine Daphne caucasica over a long medium necessary texture make this plant suitable period green leaves for most gardens, this plant is toxic if ingested

Garland Daphne 1’ 3’ sun E early spring pink small, gray- L when this shrub has N this shrub fits well into the smaller Daphne cneorum flowers green leaves finished flowering, tip landscape, needs good drainage, shear to keep the plant this plant is toxic if ingested dense

Biscay Heath 1-2’ 1-2’ sun E flowers winter to rose and M can be clipped in spring N many selected forms varying in Erica x darleyensis spring white flowers to give denser growth habit and foliage color, many have brightly colored new growth

Winter Creeper 1-3’ 2-4’ sun E shiny leaves small, bright M may trim to keep this N see *, many varieties available Euonymus fortunei green leaves shrub smaller including variegated forms

Evergreen Euonymus 1-12’ 2-6’ sun E shiny leaves add green leaves M older shrubs can be N see *, may be used as a screen or Euonymus japonicus interest to the pruned as small trees hedge, tolerant of poor soils and winter garden heat, needs good air circulation

Wulfenii Spurge 3’ 3’ sun E lime green upright stems L wear gloves when N the ‘tropical’ appearance of Euphorbia characias flowers are with blue- working with this plant, this plant combined with the ssp. wulfenii showy at the top green leaves remove spent flowers to chartreuse flowers adds flair to of this dome- prevent seedlings and cut the garden, this plant is toxic if shaped plant back damaged stems ingested

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 19 Shrubs

Coast Silktassel Sun Rose Oceanspray

Winter Jasmine English Lavender Spanish or French Lavender

Hedge Lavender Box Honeysuckle Oregon Grape 20 Shrubs

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Coast Silktassel 3 6-8’ 6-8’ sun to E evergreen leaves deep green L little needed, may be N throughout the late winter Garrya elliptica part are attractive leaves and pruned to maintain and early spring the hanging shade year-round “silktassel” desired size “silktassels” are attractive against flowers the deep green foliage

Sun Rose 6”-1’ 3’ sun E flowers mid- 1” flowers, L tip shear after blooming N good for dry rocky areas, useful Helianthemum spp. spring to early bright colors as a ground cover on a small summer scale, wide range of flower colors available

Oceanspray 3 4-8’ 3-6’ sun D summer cream-white L remove 1/3 of the oldest Y midsummer flowers at branch Holodiscus discolor flower clusters, flowers stems at ground level ends are produced in abundance followed by seed each winter to encourage clusters the production of new stems

Winter Jasmine 2-3’ 3-5’ sun to D midwinter or bright yellow L this plant may be tip- N green stems and tiny leaves, Jasminum nudiflorum part early spring flowers and pruned in late spring to spreads by rooting stems shade flowers green stems encourage more density

English Lavender 1-2’ 1-2’ sun E mounding plant, many flower L tip shear after bloom is N many cultivated varieties are Lavandula angustifolia attracts bees forms finished to have a more available with differing flowers available dense plant

Spanish or French 1’ 1-2’ sun E flowers on a many flower L tip shear after bloom is N many cultivated varieties are Lavender cone-like spike colors finished to have a more available, interesting flower, not Lavandula stoechas capped with a available dense plant as fragrant as other lavender purple butterfly- species like flag

Hedge Lavender 2’ 2’ sun E summer flowers purple flowers L tip shear after bloom is N harvest flower stems while the Lavandula x intermedia and foliage and gray finished to have a more flowers are in the bud stage to leaves dense plant retain fragrance for herbal crafts

Box Honeysuckle 3-5’ 3-5’ sun to E tiny leaves which dark green M may be sheared for shape N see *, easily pruned as a hedge, Lonicera nitida part turn bronze to leaves and or tip-prune in early fragrant tiny white flowers, some shade plum color in winter color summer to encourage nice variegated forms such as winter density ‘Baggesen’s Gold‘ and ‘Silver Beauty’

Oregon Grape 3 4-5’ 4-5’ sun or E shiny green bright yellow M cut back 1/3 of older Y Oregon’s state flower, blue berries Mahonia aquifolium part leaves become flowers, stems to 6” to rejuvenate are favored by birds shade bronze- followed by burgandy in blue berry-like winter fruit

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 21 Shrubs

Longleaf Mahonia Pacific Wax Myrtle Indian Plum Delavay Osmanthus

Holly Leaf Osmanthus Mock Orange Mugo Pine

Japanese Pittosporum Dwarf Blue Scot’s Pine Bush Cinquefoil 22 Shrubs

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Longleaf Mahonia 3 2-3’ 2-3’ part E low-growing, blue green M little needed, remove any Y good choice for dry shade Mahonia nervosa shade or blue berry-like leaves winter-damaged stems shade fruit

Pacific Wax Myrtle 3 4-6’ 4-6’ sun E purplish, wax- narrow, dark L little needed, remove Y attractive to birds Myrica californica coated nutlets green leaves crossing branches

Indian Plum 3 5-6’ 4-5’ sun or D late winter pale yellow L remove crossing branches Y one of the earliest native shrubs Oemleria cerasiformis part flowers flowers to bloom and leaf out, blue-black shade fruits

Delavay Osmanthus 4-5’ 4-5’ sun or E white, fragrant small, dark L may be sheared into a N tiny leaves give this plant a Osmanthus delavayi part flowers in spring green leaves hedge fine texture, may be used as a shade background plant

Holly Leaf Osmanthus 4-8’ 4-8’ sun or E fragrant flowers dark green L little maintenance is N this plant provides desirable Osmanthus part in autumn holly-like needed holly-shaped leaves without heterophyllus shade leaves becoming the invasive weed that English Holly has become, several varieties available

Mock Orange 3 4-6’ 3’ sun or D abundance of medium M remove older stems at the N loosely branched shrub, flowers Philadelphus lewisii part fragrant flowers green leaves, base to encourage new up to 2” across, flowers are shade in early summer white flowers growth attractive to bees and butterflies

Mugo Pine 3-6’ 3-6’ sun E round, dense dark green M may tip shear the N many dwarf cultivated varieties Pinus mugo shrub needles “candles” of new growth are available to keep smaller and more dense

Japanese Pittosporum 2-5’ 2-5’ sun to E very fragrant shiny, dark M very amenable to N see *, this shrub is salt and heat Pittosporum tobira part flowers smell like green leaves, pruning, plants can be tolerant, ‘Tall and Tough’ is a shade orange blossoms creamy white cut right back into old hardier form flowers wood if required

Dwarf Blue Scot’s Pine 3-6’ 3-6’ sun E round, dense blue-green L may tip shear the N many varieties including upright Pinus sylvestris shrub needles “candles” of new growth forms are available ‘Glauca Nana’ to keep smaller and more dense

Bush Cinquefoil 3 2-4’ 2-4’ sun D summer- yellow flowers M may cut back to N may bloom until early fall, many Potentilla fruticosa flowering shrub rejuvenate in the spring varieties with different colored flowers are available, attracts bees and butterflies

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 23 Shrubs

Coffeeberry Cascara Indian Hawthorn

Staghorn Sumac Flowering Currant Nutka Rose Rosemary

Blue Elderberry Lavender Cotton Sweetbox 24 Shrubs

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Coffeeberry 3 3-15’ 8’ sun to E small, shiny dark to light L may be trained as a small Y attractive foliage, leaves are often Rhamnus californica part leaves and black green leaves tree or multi-stemmed white and woolly beneath, many shade berries shrub varieties available

Cascara 3 8-12’ 4-8’ sun to D small tree or dark green, L remove crossing branches Y single-stemmed plants may Rhamnus purshiana part shrub prominently become 30-50 ft trees, good shade veined leaves choice for a garden of native plants

Indian Hawthorn 3-5’ 3-5’ sun to E small, white dark green L remove 1/3 of oldest N see *, good choice for coastal Rhaphiolepis umbellata part flowers in leaves stems to rejuvenate in areas, fragrant flowers, dwarf shade clusters early summer forms are available

Staghorn Sumac 4-6’ 5-8’ sun D furry appearance bright red- L remove crossing N see *, shrub with year-round Rhus typhina to brown stems orange fall branches, prune to interest, suckers widely, several in winter color accentuate lateral good species available branching form

Flowering Currant 3 4-6’ 4-6’ sun to D spring flowers, clusters of L remove crossing Y showy flowers make an attractive Ribes sanguineum part upright shrub pink, red or branches, may be pruned annual display, several varieties shade white flowers to an upright form with different flowers and forms

Nutka Rose 3 4-6’ 4-6’ sun or D 2 1/2” wide medium gray- L may be cut back in early Y showy rosy-red hips, may spread Rosa nootkana part deep pink green leaves, summer to rejuvenate aggressively shade flowers thorns on growth stems

Rosemary 2-4’ 2-4’ sun E leaves are used deep green L may tip-prune to increase N trimmings may be saved and Rosmarinus officinalis in cooking leaves, density used fresh or dried to use later in flowering cooking, many varieties available begins in winter

Blue Elderberry 3 6-15’ 8-10’ sun or D abundance of medium M may remove older stems Y the fruit will be eagerly eaten by Sambucus caerulea part blue fruit in green leaves to rejuvenate many species of birds in late fall shade summer and fall

Lavender Cotton 2’ 2’ sun E yellow button gray-green, L remove damaged N lacy appearence of foliage is Santolina flowers in spring finely cut foliage, shear lightly after fragrant and may be trimmed for chamaecyparissus leaves flowering to preserve use in crafts form

Sweetbox 3-5’ 4-5’ sun or E fragrant flowers shiny green L little maintenance N the winter fragrance is welcome Sarcococca spp. shade in winter leaves required

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 25 Shrubs

Japanese Spirea Spirea English Yew

Laurustinus Viburnum Chaste Tree Ornamental Onion Bulbs

Camas Lily Autumn Crocus Crocus 26 Shrubs

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Japanese Spirea 2-3’ 2-3’ sun to D summer flowers brightly M cut back hard in early N see *, many flower colors available Spiraea japonica part colored spring to rejuvenate plant shade flat topped clusters of flowers

Spirea 3’ + 3’ + sun D showy flowers small, fine- M remove 1/3 of oldest N many different Spiraea with Spiraea x vanhouttei and leaf color, textured stems to rejuvenate in different flower color and leaf spring blooming leaves early summer color forms, widely available

English Yew 5-15’ 3-6’ sun E tiny leaves add a dark green L may shear if a smaller N great deep green background Taxus baccata fine texture needles plant is desired or may plant, seeds are poisonous, many be left to grow as an varieties with different growth informal screen habits available

Laurustinus Viburnum 5-7’ 5-7’ sun to E early spring wine-red new L may be kept smaller with Y see *, evergreen leaves, blue Viburnum tinus part flowers and blue stems, white pruning fruits, great plant for floral shade fruit flowers arrangements, fragrant flowers

Chaste Tree 6-8’ 3-4’ sun D late summer light purple L may remove crossing N summer to fall bloom is showy Vitex agnus-castus flowers flowers branches, pruning for due to the abundance of large shape and size will flower spikes at branch tips provide a more compact plant Bulbs Ornamental Onion 6“ - 2’ 1’ sun D wide variation in white, pink, M cut away old foliage in N some varieties have huge flower Allium spp. flower size and purple, yellow late fall heads which may be dried for color arrangements, some are used as cut flowers, flowers may be used in salads

Camas Lily 3 1-2’ 1’ sun D early spring blue, white, L little maintenance is N several Northwest species, many Camassia spp. flowers and yellow needed for this native selected forms, summer water flowers flowering lily can damage this plant and should be avoided Bulbs Autumn Crocus 6“ 1’ sun D fall bloom is a white, pink, L little maintenance N many other varieties of this Colchicum autumnale bright welcome pale purple necessary, divide clumps attractive fall-blooming bulb sight in spring

Crocus 3-6” 6“ - 1’ sun D early spring yellow, white, L little maintenance N many fine varieties are available, Crocus spp. flowers violet, and necessary, divide clumps some may be naturalized in a combinations in autumn lawn area *Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 27 Bulbs

Snow Drop Oregon Iris Grape Hyacinth Daffodil

Common Yarrow Pearly Everlasting Western Columbine Perennials

Sea Pink Absinth Wormwood Aster 28 Bulbs

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Snow Drop 6-9” 3” sun to D early spring white flowers L little maintenance N plant in grouping for greatest Galanthus nivalis part flowers necessary effect shade

Oregon Iris 3 1’ 1’ sun E spring flower light purple or L trim back damaged N will reseed readily, other fine Iris tenax display white flowers foliage native iris are available

Grape Hyacinth 6” 6” sun D spring display purplish L trim back damaged N this bulb multiplies Muscari armeniacum of grape-like flowers in foliage clusters of clusters flowers

Daffodil 6”- 6” sun D early spring various shades L little maintenance N wide variety of flower forms and Narcissus spp. 1 1/2’ flowers of orange and bloom period yellow flowers Perennials Common Yarrow 3 1 1/2- 1 1/2- sun D summer flowers, many flower L cut off old flower stalks N spreads by rhizomes, many native Achillea millefolium 2’ 2’ fine-textured colors and dead foliage before and non-native varieties and foliage spring growth begins colors from white, to orange, to red are available

Pearly Everlasting 3 3’ 2’ sun D white, long- silver-downy L cut off old flower stalks N flowers may be dried and used in Anaphalis margaritacea lasting flowers foliage and dead foliage before floral arrangements, may become spring growth begins weedy

Western Columbine 3 2’ 2’ sun D showy flowers orange and L cut off old flower stalks Y nodding flowers are 1-2” across, Aquilegia formosa attract yellow flowers and dead foliage before plant will reseed; flowers second hummingbirds spring growth begins year not the first

Sea Pink 3 1’ 1’ sun D dense mound white to pink M remove damaged leaves N when planting do not plant too Perennials Armeria maritima of fine-textured flowers on 10 and dead flowers deep foliage inch steams

Absinth Wormwood 2-3’ 1 1/2- sun E blooms late silver-gray M self-sows freely; deadhead N see*, this plant is toxic if ingested; Artemesia absinthium 2’ summer/early aromatic if you do not want do not overwater fall foliage volunteer seedlings next season

Aster 3 3’ 2’ sun D summer flowers purple flowers L cut off old flower stalks N several species of native Aster, Aster subspicatus and dead foliage before may spread aggressively spring growth begins

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 29 Perennials

False Indigo Snow-In-Summer Tickseed

Cheddar Pink Purple Cone Flower California Fuchsia

Shrubby Wallflower Cushion Spurge Blanket Flower 30 Perennials

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C False Indigo 3’ 3-4’ sun D spring flowers light purple M cut off old flower stalks N seed pods dry and rattle in the Baptisia australis and seed heads flowers and dead foliage before breeze spring growth begins

Snow-In-Summer 8” 3’ sun to D dense, tufty white flowers M tip shear after bloom is N use as a ground cover on slopes, Cerastium tomentosum part mats of silvery finished to have a more may be used in combination with shade gray dense plant bulbs

Tickseed 1 1/2‘ 3’ sun D flowers bloom bright yellow L cut to ground level prior N spreads by self-sowing, several Coreopsis grandiflora all summer flowers to new spring growth outstanding varieties available — many which will not self-sow, and many with attractive leaf forms

Cheddar Pink 1’ 1’ sun E fragrant flowers pink flowers, L remove damaged foliage N tip shearing in spring may help to Dianthus and mat-forming gray-green make clumps more dense gratianopolitanus foliage leaves

Purple Cone Flower 2-3’ 2’ sun D blooms over a light purple M cut to ground level prior Y brown seed heads may be dried Echinacea purpurea long period in flowers to new spring growth and used in floral arrangements, summer birds eat seeds

California Fuchsia 2’ 4’ sun D many flowers in red flowers L cut to ground level prior Y see *, hummingbirds feed from Epilobium canum late summer and to new spring growth nectar in flowers, often sold as autumn Zaushneria

Shrubby Wallflower 1-2’ 1-2’ sun to E blooms early purple flowers little maintenance needed N many have fragrant flowers Erysimum spp. part summer through that cover shade mid summer a wide- spreading, fast-growing, shrubby mound

Cushion Spurge 1 1/2’ 2’ sun to E fall color, neatly yellow to M cut back damaged foliage N deep green leaves are Euphorbia polychroma part rounded plants orange-red symmetrically arranged, plants shade leaves in fall grown in full sun have better fall color

Blanket Flower 1’ 1’ sun D long bloom red and L cut to ground level N many varieties available, flowers Gaillardia x grandiflora period during yellow flowers prior to spring growth throughout summer summer with maroon and after flowering to bands encourage repeat bloom

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 31 Perennials

Gaura Cranesbill Bloody Cranesbill

Corsican Hellebore Brilliant Stonecrop Candytuft Red Hot Poker

Gayfeather Blue Flax Lupine 32 Perennials

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Gaura 2-3’ 2-3’ sun D long bloom white to light M cut to ground level prior N see *, graceful feathery flower Gaura lindheimeri period during pink flowers to new spring growth stalks, will happily re-seed in the summer garden

Cranesbill 8-10” 1 1/2’ sun D blooms late white, pink, L cut to ground level prior N see *, attractive autumn foliage Geranium spring through or magenta to new spring growth color — yellow to orange and macrorrhizum early summer flowers scarlet

Bloody Cranesbill 1 1/2’ 2’ sun to D dense mound white to pink L cut to ground level prior N plants grown in sun have foliage Geranium sanguineum part with abundant to new spring growth which turns red in fall, will re- shade flowers bloom in midsummer if cut to ground

Corsican Hellebore 2-3’ 2-3’ part E flowers in winter pale green M remove damaged leaves N large, bold texture, 6-9 inch Helleborus argutifolius shade to flowers and dead flowers leaves are bluish green, many shade varieties available

Brilliant Stonecrop 1-1 1-2’ sun E gray-green light-purple L cut to ground level prior N flower stalks and seed heads Hylotelephium 1/2’ leaves with fall color to new spring growth provide fall and winter interest, spectabile flower stems remove flower stalks prior to reaching upward spring growth

Candytuft 1’ 1-2’ sun to E abundant white flowers, L tip shear after bloom is N plant is covered with flowers in Iberis sempervirens part flowers at tiny, dark finished to have a more spring shade branch tips green leaves dense plant

Red Hot Poker 2-4’ 2-3’ sun to E slender bold- orange-red M cut to ground level prior Y many varieties with other color Kniphofia spp. part colored flowers flowers to new spring growth forms available, flowers attract shade rise above the hummingbirds plant

Gayfeather 2-3’ 1 1/2’ sun D grassy clumps light purple M cut to ground level prior N other varieties with pink or white Liatris spicata of leaves topped to new spring growth flowers are available by fuzzy flower spikes

Blue Flax 3 2’ 1’ - 1 sun D feathery stems, tiny, light L cut to ground level prior N self-sows, grown for fiber (linen) Linum perenne 1/2’ flowers close in blue flowers to new spring growth and seed (linseed oil) shade or late in the day

Lupine 2-3’ 2’ - 2 sun D large stalks of leaves may be M cut to ground level prior Y see *, pastel colors to dark purple Lupinus spp. 1/2’ flowers in spring featured to new spring growth flowers, removing spent flowers encourages repeat bloom, many native species, self-sows readily

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 33 Perennials

Rose Mallow Opium Poppy Beardip Penstemon Russian Sage

Jerusalem Sage Moss Phlox

Sword Fern Prairie Coneflower Matilija Poppy 34 Perennials

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Rose Mallow 3-4’ 2’ sun D sub-shrub light to dark M cut to ground level prior N used for perennial borders or Malva alcea that flowers pink flowers to new spring growth edging, not a long-lived plant abundantly

Opium Poppy 3’ 1’ sun D large, showy many colors L shake seeds from pods N see*, while this specific poppy Papaver somniferum flowers of flowers once they have dried to is an annual, reseeding makes it reseed reappear in the garden, blue- green leaves

Beardlip Penstemon 3’ 2’ sun to D flowers continue spikes of red L cut to ground level prior N varieties with pink flowers are Penstemon barbatus part over a long flowers to new spring growth, available, many excellent native shade period tip shear to encourage Penstemon density

Russian Sage 3’ 3’ sun D gray-green light purple L tip prune when young to N see*, extremely resistant to heat Perovskia atriplicifolia leaves with flowers develop a dense plant, do and drought once established feathery not cut back plant as new appearance growth emerges from old stems

Jerusalem Sage 2-3’ 3-4’ sun to D woolly gray- golden L cut back after flowering N upright flower stems continue to Phlomis fruticosa part green leaves 6-8 yellow, ball- develop with tiers of flowers shade inches long shaped flower clusters

Moss Phlox 6” - 1’ 1-2’ sun E dense mat- white, pink or L cut off old flower stalks N spring flowers make sheets of Phlox subulata forming growth, blue flowers and dead foliage before color, attractive on slopes and needle-like, spring growth begins in rock gardens, many other fine evergreen leaves selections

Sword Fern 3 3’ 3’ sun to E leathery, shiny dark green M remove damaged foliage N tolerates much shade, bold Pacific Polystichum munitum shade fronds foliage in early spring Northwest native

Prairie Coneflower 2 1/2’ 1’ sun D branched plants yellow to L cut to ground level prior Y may be used as a meadow plant, Ratibida columnifera with deeply cut brownish to new spring growth looks good with ornamental leaves purple flowers grasses

Matilija Poppy N 4’ 4’ sun D tissue paper white flowers L cut off old flower stalks N spectacular flowers are long- Romneya coulteri flowers are with yellow and dead foliage before lasting in floral arrangements produced over a stamens spring growth begins long period

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 35 Perennials

Sage Pincushion Flower Oregon Stonecrop Sedum Ground Covers Goldenrod Point Reyes Ceanothus Beach Strawberry

Carpet Broom St. Johnswort Shore Juniper 36 Perennials

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ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Sage 1-3’ 1-3’ sun E late summer and deep purple L shorten and shape plants Y hummingbirds feed from nectar Salvia spp. fall blooming to red-rose prior to spring growth in flowers, many varieties colored available flowers

Pincushion Flower 1’-2’ 1’-2’ sun D long bloom white, pink L cut off old flower stalks Y excellent cut flowers, remove Scabiosa spp. period during or light blue and dead foliage before spent flowers to encourage summer flowers spring growth begins abundant re-bloom

Oregon Stonecrop 3 less 6”-1’ sun E mat-forming leaves turn M shear off spent flowers N must have a well-drained site Sedum oreganum than plant bronze-purple 6” in fall

Sedum 3 6” 1’ + sun E forms large short stems L little maintenance needed N grows well in rocky areas and Sedum spathulifolium patches with clusters for this plant slopes with well-drained soil of yellow flowers

Goldenrod 3 1-3’ 1-2’ sun D late summer bright yellow L little maintenance is N good for cut flowers Solidago spp. bloom flowers needed, few pests attack this plant Ground Covers Point Reyes Ceanothus 2-3’ 6’ sun or E long lasting blue flowers L little maintenance needed N effective cover for large banks Ceanothus gloriosus part showy flowers on dark green Ground Covers shade foliage

Beach Strawberry 3 6-12” 1-2’ sun D small-scale white flowers L trim off during late winter Y Fragoria virginiana is also good Fragaria chiloensis ground cover in spring to encourage spring for sunny spots, Fragaria vesca is with seedy fruits growth good for shade to part shade

Carpet Broom 1- 4-7’ sun D green stems bright yellow L remove damaged stems, N this low-growing plant is covered Genista pilosa 1 1/2’ with tiny leaves, flowers little maintenance needed with bright yellow flowers in early dense ground spring, fairly fast growing cover

St. Johnswort 1- 1’-2’ sun E showy summer yellow flowers L trim back or mow to N may be used as a ground cover Hypericum calycinum 1 1/2’ flowers, blue- ground level every 2-3 that is tolerant of heat, dense green foliage years or after severe ground cover, some plant parts winter cold are toxic

Shore Juniper 1’ 3’ sun E blue-green color blue-green L remove damaged Y a dense, low groundcover, whose Juniperus conferta on the 1/2” long needles branches density is encouraged by tip ‘Blue Pacific’ needles pruning when the plant is young 37 Ground Covers

Creeping Juniper Japanese Garden Juniper Lithodora

Siberian Carpet Oregano Oxalis

Thyme Star Jasmine 38 Ground Covers

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eciduous ame ame nterest N ative /D N I eature N /F

ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Creeping Juniper 1’ 2-4’ sun E low, spreading gray-green L tip-prune plants when N many cultivated varieties are Juniperus horizontalis plant needle-like young to encourage available — most have even more leaves density, remove damaged blue foliage stems

Japanese Garden 1’ 2-3’ sun E fine texture due medium L tip prune plants when N very fine texture on this small- Juniper to 1/4” needles green needles young to encourage needled Juniper, slow-growing Juniperus procumbens density, remove damaged plant stems

Lithodora 6-12” 2’ sun E fine texture due bright blue L tip prune when young to N an attractive color combination Lithodora diffusa to 1/4” leaves flowers and develop a dense plant — rich blue flowers and deep dark green green leaves foliage

Siberian Carpet 1’ 4-6’ sun E feathery texture medium L tip prune plants when N the winter color adds interest to Cypress of scale-like green with young to encourage the winter landscape, very disease Microbiota decussata foliage sprays orange to density, remove damaged resistant gray winter stems color

Oregano 1-2’ 1-2’ sun E low, spreading, tiny white or L tip prune after flowering N new foliage may be used either Origanum vulgare small-leaved purplish pink to encourage regrowth of fresh or dried in cooking herb flowers foliage

Oxalis 3 6” 1-2’ shade D ground cover for heart-shaped N dig and divide clumps if N these clover-like plants add Oxalis oregana to part shade leaflets you wish to spread this whimsy to the garden, native shade plant through the garden varieties spread aggressively

Thyme 3-6” 6”-1’ sun E fragrant leaves, a wide variety L tip-prune plants to N many cultivated varieties, some Thymus spp. low, spreading of foliage encourage density with variegated leaves and some herb and flower with burgundy flowers, new variation foliage may be used either fresh or dried in cooking

Star Jasmine 1-2’ 5-10’ shade D fragrant flowers, white flowers M tip prune to encourage N attractive to bees, can grow Trachelospermum to part glossy, dark density upright as a vine if trellised jasminoides shade green leaves

39 Ornamental Grasses

Quaking Grass Feather Reed Grass Tufted Hair Grass

California Fescue Blue Fescue Blue Oat Grass

Maiden Grass Black Mondo Grass Giant Feather Grass 40 Ornamental Grasses

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eciduous ame ame nterest N ative /D N I eature N /F

ater aintenance ildlife eight ommoncientific regon pread ight vergreen easonal olor omments C S O H S L E S C W M W C Ornamental Grasses Quaking Grass 2’ 2’ sun D seed heads that green leaves, M cut to base around the N see *, graceful plant in summer’s Briza spp. resemble rattle- brown seed first of February breeze snake rattles heads

Feather Reed Grass 6’ 3’ sun D feathery plumes seed heads M cut to base around the N these tall bloom and flower heads Calamagrostis x of bloom and are purple- first of February reach above many other plants in acutiflora seed display tinted green the garden to yellow

Tufted Hair Grass 3 1-2’ 2’ sun D delicate-looking narrow dark M cut to base around the N graceful mounds of arching Deschampsia caespitosa seed heads green leaves first of February foliage

California Fescue 3 2-3’ 1-2’ sun E loose clump of blue-green M to rejuvenate, use a rake N ‘Serpentine Blue’ has intensely Festuca californica foliage or gray-green to remove dead leaves blue-gray foliage leaves from the clump

Blue Fescue 8”-1’ 1-1 sun E flowers give way green with L cut back foliage in early N excellent as ground cover, border, Festuca glauca 1/2’ to buffy seed purple tinge spring to 3-4” to tidy rock garden accent or edging heads clumps plant

Blue Oat Grass 1’ 1’ sun E fountain-like bright blue- M use a rake to remove N see *, a graceful plant Helictotrichon clump of foliage green leaves dead leaves from clump sempervirens

Maiden Grass 5’ 3-4’ sun D flower stalks and dark green M cut to base around the N see *, while this plant becomes a Miscanthus sinensis seed heads reach leaves with a first of February large mound, the flower and seed ‘Gracillimus’ above foliage silver mid-rib heads gracefully blow in the wind

Black Mondo Grass 6” 1’ sun to E foliage color and nearly black M remove damaged leaves N foliage color is unusual, multiple Ophiopogon part small, slender leaves prior to new growth plants offer a greater aesthetic planiscapus shade leaves effect ‘Nigrescens’

Giant Feather Grass 6’ 3’ sun D narrow, arching light yellow L use a rake to remove N creates effect of ‘dancing’ seeds Stipa gigantea leaves, mound- flowers dead leaves from clump in the breeze atop 6’ stems forming plant

*Plants noted as weedy or invasive in other states or countries 41 Water-efficient Demonstration Gardens in the Willamette Valley

C l a c k a m a s C o m m u n i t y C o l l e g e Water-efficient Demonstration Garden he Water-efficient Demonstration Garden at Clackamas TCommunity College is a collaboration between the CCC Horticulture Department, South Fork Water Board, area water providers and partners in the green industry. The 7,000 sq ft. garden features six different garden styles with a variety of drought- tolerant plants and irrigation techniques. Each area of the garden has interpretive signage explaining the landscape material, the irrigation methods used, and why each area was planted or designed as it was. The garden is open to the public seven days a week any time of day and serves the community through self-guided walking tours and landscape workshops and events using the garden. To get to the garden, take the Oregon City/Molalla/Hwy 213 exit off of I-205. Take 213 to the intersection of Beavercreek Rd. Take a left onto Beavercreek Rd. Go about half a mile and turn right into the College. Take a left into the first parking lot; the garden is located at the end of the parking lot.

M e t r o ’ s Natural Techniques Garden See natural gardening techniques at work in Metro’s “chemical-free” demonstration garden. Metro designed the garden to help people learn about the benefits of using natural gardening techniques to grow healthy plants while protecting the quality of our rivers, streams and wildlife habitat. Visitors are welcome to explore at their leisure and pick up brochures about the plants and techniques used in the garden. The Garden is located at 6800 SE 57th Ave. (at Southeast Cooper), in Portland and is open 10 a.m. – 3 p.m. April through October. Admission if free. For more information about Natural Gardening workshops, recycling information or directions to the Garden, call Metro at (503) 234-3000, or go to www.metro-region.org/gardening.

42 T h e O r e g o n G a r d e n Water-efficient Demonstration Garden OSU Marion County Master Gardeners maintain a water-efficient demonstration garden at the Oregon Garden in Silverton. The garden is located adjacent to the east side of the business office and consists of trees, shrubs and perennials. The garden is not watered in the summer and is not fertilized. It is periodically pruned and plants added and removed as necessary. This garden is at its peak March through June. The Oregon Garden is open from May through September 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. and October through April 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. For more information about admission costs or for directions to the Garden, go to http://www.oregongarden.org.

T u a l at i n V a l l e y W at e r D i s t r i c t Water-efficient Demonstration Garden ualatin Valley Water District’s 1.3 acre Water-efficient TDemonstration Garden is an educational area that promotes efficient use of water in landscaping. The Garden is free and is open for self-guided tours for residents and customers interested in cultivating healthy, beautiful landscapes while decreasing their outdoor water use. Each area has signage explaining the landscape material and irrigation methods used, and why each area was planted or designed as it was. Tour the garden and get landscape planting and irrigation design ideas that anyone can use. The garden is located on the corner of SW 170th Ave. and SW Merlo Rd. at TVWD’s office in Beaverton, just south of the Elmonica MAX light-rail station. For a map to the office, visit www.tvwd.org.

43 Common Plant Name Absinth Wormwood...... 29 Crocus...... 27 Lithodora...... 39 Sea Pink...... 29 Amur Cork Tree...... 11 Cushion Spurge...... 31 Longleaf Mahonia...... 23 Sedum...... 37 Amur Maackia...... 11 Daffodil...... 29 Lupine...... 33 Serviceberry...... 15 Amur Maple...... 9 Delavay Osmanthus...... 23 Madrone...... 9 Shore Juniper...... 37 Aster...... 29 Douglas-fir...... 15 Maiden Grass...... 41 Shrubby Wallflower...... 31 Atlas Cedar...... 13 Dwarf Blue Scot’s Pine...... 23 Matilija Poppy...... 35 Siberian Carpet Cypress...... 39 Austrian Pine...... 13 Dwarf Strawberry Tree...... 15 Mock Orange...... 23 Silk Tree or Mimosa...... 9 Autumn Crocus...... 27 Eastern Redbud...... 9 Moss Phlox...... 35 Silver Linden...... 11 Beach Strawberry...... 37 Eastern White Pine...... 13 Mountain Hemlock...... 15 Smokebush...... 19 Beardlip Penstemon...... 35 English Lavender...... 21 Mugo Pine...... 23 Snow Drop...... 29 Biscay Heath...... 19 English Yew...... 27 Noble Fir...... 13 Snow Gum...... 9 Black Mondo Grass...... 41 Evergreen Euonymus...... 19 Nutka Rose...... 25 Snow-In-Summer...... 31 Blanket Flower...... 31 False Indigo...... 31 Oceanspray...... 21 Spanish Fir...... 13 Bloody Cranesbill...... 33 Feather Reed Grass...... 41 Opium Poppy...... 35 Spanish or French Lavender...... 21 Bluebeard...... 17 Flowering Currant...... 25 Oregano...... 39 Spirea...... 27 Blue Blossom...... 17 Flowering Quince...... 17 Oregon Grape...... 21 St. Johnswort...... 37 Blue Elderberry...... 25 Garland Daphne...... 19 Oregon Iris...... 29 Staghorn Sumac...... 25 Blue Flax...... 33 Gaura...... 33 Oregon Stonecrop...... 37 Star Jasmine...... 39 Blue Fescue...... 41 Gayfeather...... 33 Oregon White Oak...... 11 Sun Rose...... 21 Blue Oat Grass...... 41 Giant Feather Grass...... 41 Ornamental Onion...... 27 Sweetbox...... 25 Box Honeysuckle...... 21 Ginkgo...... 11 Oxalis...... 39 Sword Fern...... 35 Boxwood...... 17 Goldenrod...... 37 Pacific Wax Myrtle...... 23 Thyme...... 39 Brilliant Stonecrop...... 33 Grand Fir...... 11 Pearly Everlasting...... 29 Tickseed...... 31 Bush Cinquefoil...... 23 Grape Hyacinth...... 29 Persian Parrotia...... 11 Tufted Hair Grass...... 41 California Fescue...... 41 Hairy Manzanita...... 15 Pincushion Flower...... 37 Upright Hornbeam...... 9 California Fuchsia...... 31 Hedge Lavender...... 21 Point Reyes...... 37 Vine Maple...... 9 Camas Lily...... 27 Holly Leaf Osmanthus...... 23 Ponderosa Pine...... 13 Western Catalpa...... 9 Candytuft...... 33 Indian Hawthorn...... 25 Prairie Coneflower...... 35 Western Columbine...... 29 Carpet Broom...... 37 Indian Plum...... 23 Purple Cone Flower...... 31 Western Hemlock...... 15 Cascara...... 25 Japanese Barberry...... 17 Quaking Grass...... 41 Western Redcedar...... 15 Caucasian Daphne...... 19 Japanese Black Pine...... 15 Raywood Ash...... 9 Western Redbud...... 17 Chaste Tree...... 27 Japanese Garden Juniper...... 39 Red Hot Poker...... 33 Western Spice Bush...... 17 Cheddar Pink...... 31 Japanese Pittosporum...... 23 Redtwig Dogwood...... 19 Winter Creeper...... 19 Coast Silktassel...... 21 Japanese Red Pine...... 13 Rockrose...... 19 Winter Jasmine...... 21 Coffeeberry...... 25 Japanese Spirea...... 27 Rocky Mountain Juniper...... 13 Wulfenii Spurge...... 19 Colorado Blue Spruce...... 13 Japanese Zelkova...... 11 Rose Mallow...... 35 Common Yarrow...... 29 Jerusalem Sage...... 35 Rosemary...... 25 Corsican Hellebore...... 33 Lacebark Elm...... 11 Russian Sage...... 35 Coyote Brush...... 17 Laurustinus Viburnum...... 27 Sage...... 37 Cranesbill...... 33 Lavender Cotton...... 25 Santa Barbara Ceanothus...... 17 Creeping Juniper ...... 39 Leyland Cypress...... 15 Scot’s Pine...... 13 44 Botanical Plant Name Abies grandis...... 11 Crocus spp...... 27 Kniphofia spp...... 33 Pinus thunbergii...... 15 Abies pinsapo...... 13 Daphne caucasica...... 19 Lavandula angustifolia...... 21 Pittosporum tobira...... 23 Abies procera...... 13 Daphne cneorum...... 19 Lavandula stoechas...... 21 Polystichum munitum...... 35 Acer circinatum...... 9 Deschampsia caespitosa...... 41 Lavandula x intermedia...... 21 Potentilla fruticosa...... 23 Acer ginnala...... 9 Dianthus gratianopolitanus...... 31 Liatris spicata...... 33 Pseudotsuga menziesii...... 15 Achillea millifolium...... 29 Echinacea purpurea...... 31 Linum perenne...... 33 Quercus garryana...... 11 Albizia julibrissin...... 9 Epilobium canum...... 31 Lithodora diffusa...... 39 Ratibida columnifera...... 35 Allium spp...... 27 Erica x darleyensis...... 19 Lonicera nitida...... 21 Rhamnus californica...... 25 Amelanchier alnifolia...... 15 Eucalyptus pauciflora Lupinus spp...... 33 Rhamnus purshiana...... 25 Anaphalis margaritacea...... 29 ssp. niphophila...... 9 Maackia amurensis...... 11 Rhaphiolepis umbellata...... 25 Aquilegia formosa...... 29 Euonymus fortunei...... 19 Mahonia aquifolium...... 21 Rhus typhina...... 25 Arbutus menziesii...... 9 Euonymus japonicus...... 19 Mahonia nervosa...... 23 Ribes sanguineum...... 25 Arbutus unedo ‘Compacta’...... 15 Euphorbia characias Malva alcea...... 35 Romneya coulteri...... 35 ssp. wulfenii...... 19 Arctostaphlos columbiana...... 15 Microbiota decussata...... 39 Rosa nootkana...... 25 Euphorbia polychroma...... 31 Armeria maitina...... 29 Miscanthus sinensis Rosmarinus officinalis...... 25 Festuca californica...... 41 Artemesia absinthium...... 29 ‘Gracillimus’...... 41 Salvia spp...... 37 Festuca glauca...... 41 Aster subspicatus...... 29 Muscari armeniacum...... 29 Sambucus caerulea...... 25 Fragaria chiloensis...... 37 Baccharis pilularis...... 17 Myrica californica...... 23 Santolina chamaecyparissus...... 25 Fraxinus angustifolia Narcisus spp...... 29 Baptisa australis...... 31 ‘Raywood’...... 9 Sarcococca spp...... 25 Oemleria cerasiformis...... 23 Berberis thunbergii...... 17 Galanthus nivalis...... 29 Scabiosa spp...... 37 Briza spp...... 41 Ophiopogon planiscapus Sedum oreganum...... 37 Gaillardia x grandiflora...... 31 ‘Nigrescens’...... 41 Buxus sempervirens...... 17 Sedum spathulifolium...... 37 Garrya elliptica...... 21 Origanum vulgare...... 39 Calamagrostis x acutiflora...... 41 Solidago spp...... 37 Gaura lindheimeri...... 33 Osmanthus delavayi...... 23 Calycanthus occidentalis...... 17 Spiraea japonica...... 27 Genista pilosa...... 37 Osmanthus heterophyllus...... 23 Camassia spp...... 27 Spiraea xvanhouttei...... 27 Geranium macrorrhizum...... 33 Oxalis oregana...... 39 Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’...... 9 Stipa gigantea...... 41 Geranium sanguineum...... 33 Papaver somniferum...... 35 Caryopteris x clandonensis...... 17 Taxus baccata...... 27 Ginkgo biloba...... 11 Parrotia persica...... 11 Catalpa speciosa...... 9 Thuja plicata...... 15 Helleborus argutifolius...... 33 Penstemon barbatus...... 35 Ceanothus gloriosus...... 37 Thymus spp...... 39 Helianthemum spp...... 21 Perovskia atriplicifolia...... 35 Ceanothus impressus...... 17 Tilia tomentosa...... 11 Helictotrichon sempervirens...... 41 Phellodendron amurense...... 11 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus...... 17 Trachelospermum Holodiscus discolor...... 21 Philadelphus lewisii...... 23 Cedrus atlantica...... 13 jasmionides...... 39 Hylotelephium spectabile...... 33 Phlomis fruticosa...... 35 Cerastium tomentosum...... 31 Tsuga heterophylla...... 15 Hypericum calycinum...... 37 Phlox subulata...... 35 Cercis canadensis...... 9 Tsuga mertensiana...... 15 Iberis sempervirens...... 33 Picea pungens var. glavca...... 13 Cercis occidentalis...... 17 Ulmus parvifolia...... 11 Iris tenax...... 29 Pinus densiflora...... 13 Chaenomeles speciousa...... 17 Viburnum tinus...... 27 Jasminum nudiflorum...... 21 Pinus mugo...... 23 Cistus x hybridus...... 19 Vitex agnus-castus...... 27 Juniperus conferta ‘Blue Pinus nigra...... 13 Colchicum autumnale...... 27 Pacific’...... 37 x Cupressocyparis leylandii...... 15 Pinus ponderosa...... 13 Coreopsis grandiflora...... 31 Juniperus horizontalis...... 39 Zelkova serrata...... 11 Pinus strobus...... 13 Cornus sericea...... 19 Juniperus procumbens...... 39 Pinus sylvestris...... 13 Cotinus coggygria...... 19 Juniperus scopulorum...... 13 Pinus sylvestris ‘Glauca Nana’.....23 45 Books & Publications on Water-Efficient Landscaping For More Information

Climate and natural vegetation Xeriscape gardening: water conservation for The Hardy Plant Society of Oregon 1930 NW Lovejoy Street, Portland, OR 97209 The climate of Oregon. George Taylor and Chris the American landscape. Connie Ellefson et al. Phone: 503-224-5718 Hannan. Oregon State University Press, 1999. Macmillan, 1992 www.hardyplantsociety.org Natural vegetation of Oregon and Right Plant, Right Place. Nicola Ferguson. Fireside Books, 2005 Native Plant Society of Oregon Washington. Jerry Franklin and C.T. Dyrness, PO Box 902, Eugene, OR 97440 Oregon State University Press. 1988. Landscape plants for Western regions: An illustrated Phone: 503-224-5718 Plants of western Oregon, Washington and British guide to plants for water conservation. Bob Perry. www.npsoregon.org Land Design Publishing, 1992. Columbia. Eugene Kozloff. Timber Press, 2005. Invasive Landscape Plants from the Emerald The Mediterranean gardener. Hugo Latymer. Chapter of the NPSO Soil preparation Frances Lincoln, 2001. http://www.emeraldnpso.org/PDFs/Invas_Orn.pdf Improving garden soils with organic The dry garden: A practical guide to planning and Pacific Northwest Native Wildlife Gardening matter. Oregon State University Extension planting. Mark Rumary. Sterling, 1995. http://www.tardigrade.org/natives/ publication, EC 1561. May, 2003. American Horticultural Society practical guides: California Berkley Plant photos A list of analytical laboratories serving Water-wise gardening. DK Adult, 1999. http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/flora Oregon. Oregon State University Extension publication, EM 8677. January, 2002. Water-efficient landscape plants. Oregon State OSU Extension Service/Master Gardeners University Extension publication, EC 1546. April, Phone: 541-737-2513 Irrigation systems 2004. http://extension.oregonstate.edu Drip irrigation for every landscape and all Gardening with Oregon Native Plants West of Landscape Plant Identification climates. Robert Kourik. Metamorphic Press, 1992. the Cascades. Oregon State University Extension http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/ Watering home gardens and landscape publication, EC 1577. October, 2005. Regional Water Providers Consortium plants. Washington State University Extension EB Water Wise Vegetables. Steve Solomon. Sasquatch 1120 SW 5th Ave., Suite 600, Portland, OR 97204 1090. July 2001. Books, 1993. Phone: 503-823-7528 www.conserve.h2o.org The Landscaping Revolution Garden with Mother Plant selection and landscaping International Society of Arboriculture Nature, Not Against Her. Andy Wasowski, Sally For more help in planting the right tree in the Gardening with native plants of the Pacific Wasowski. Contemporary Books, 2000 Northwest. Arthur Kruckeberg. University of right place www.treesaregood.com Washington Press, 2nd Ed., 1997. For more information Native plants in the coastal garden: A guide for OSU Extension Publications Naturescaping gardeners in the Pacific Northwest. April Pettinger, http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog To attend free workships on Naturscaping and Site Brenda Constanzo. Timber Press, 2nd Ed., 2003. Planning. Call 503-797-1842 Washington State University Extension Publications Email: [email protected] Garden plants for Mediterranean climates. Graham http://cru84.cahe.wsu.edu/cgi-bin/pubs/index.html Payne. The Crowood Press. 2002. Waterright For irrigation scheduling, click on Homeowner and Mediterranean gardening: A waterwise then Oregon. approach. Heidi Gildemeister. University of www.waterright.org California Press, 2002. Local ET Information Go to http://portlandonline.com/water/index. cfm?c=29334 and click on the conservation button.