DOCSLIB.ORG

Mobile Payments Go Viral M-PESA in Kenya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mobile Payments Go Viral M-PESA in Kenya CHAPTER 2 0 Mobile Payments Go Viral M-PESA in Kenya Ignacio Mas and Dan Radcliffe -PESA is a small-value electronic payment and cash to and withdraw cash from their accounts by exchang- store-of-value system in Kenya accessible from ing cash for electronic value at a network of retail stores. ordinary mobile phones. It has seen exceptional Second, it allows users to transfer funds to others, to pay Mgrowth sin ce its introduction in March 2007. Now in bills, and to purchase mobile airtime credit. Retail stores are use by 9 million customers—40 percent of Kenya’s adult paid a fee by Safaricom each time they exchange cash for M- population—the system processes more transactions PESA credit on behalf of customers. All M-PESA transac- domestically than Western Union does globally. M-PESA’s tions are authorized and recorded in real time using secure market success is the result of the interplay of three fac- short messaging service (SMS) and are capped at $500. tors: preexisting country conditions that made Kenya a M-PESA registration is free, as is making deposits into conducive environment for a successful mobile money the system. Customers are charged flat fees of approximately deployment; a clever service design that facilitated rapid $0.403 for person-to-person (P2P) transfers and bill pay- adoption and early capturing of network effects; and a ments, $0.33 for withdrawals (for transactions under $33) business execution strategy that helped M-PESA rapidly and $0.013 for balance inquiries. Individual customer reach a critical mass of customers, thereby avoiding the accounts are maintained in a server that is owned and man- adverse chicken-and-egg (two-sided market) problems aged by Vodafone, but Safaricom deposits the full value of that afflict new payment systems. its customers’ balances in the system in pooled accounts in two regulated banks. Thus, while Safaricom issues and man- ages the M-PESA accounts, the value of the accounts is fully M-PESA IN A NUTSHELL backed by highly liquid deposits at commercial banks. M-PESA (“M” for mobile and “PESA” for money in Rather than paying customers interest on the balance in Swahili)was developed by mobile phone operator Vodafone their M-PESA accounts, Safaricom sets aside a small per- and launched commercially by its Kenyan affiliate Safari- centage of account balances in a not-for-profit trust fund. com in March 2007.1 To access the service, customers must The purpose of these funds has not yet been decided. first register at an authorized M-PESA retail outlet. They are M-PESA’s function as a retail payment platform is then assigned an individual electronic money account important because it reaches a large number of people com- linked to their phone number and accessible through an pared with other financial services outlets in Kenya (figure application stored on the subscriber identification module 20.1).4 There are now nearly five times as many M-PESA (SIM) cards of their mobile phones.2 The application has outlets in Kenya as there are PostBank branches, post two main functions. First, it allows customers to deposit offices, bank branches, and automated teller machines 353 Figure 20.1 Outlets Offering Financial Services in Kenya M-PESA trials. DFID’s role in spotlighting the need for mobile payments and funding the early risk demonstrates 100,000 100,000 good practice for donor funding. 16,900 A snapshot of M-PESA after three years 10,000 outlets The speed and extent to which M-PESA has been deployed of 1,510 in Kenya is remarkable (figure 20.2). The number of cus- 1,000 800 840 440 tomers hit the 9 million mark in November 2009, less than Number three years after the service was launched. This number of customers represents 60 percent of Safaricom’s customer 100 base, 40 percent of Kenyan adults, and 23 percent of the country’s total population.5 By other measures, too, M-PESA has a deep reach in Kenya.6 The number of retail stores at which M-PESA users Sources: Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya Post Office Savings Bank, and can cash in and cash out now totals 16,900, of which nearly Safaricom. half are located outside urban centers. M-PESA now han- dles $320 million in P2P transfers per month. On an annu- alized basis, this is equal to roughly 10 percent of Kenya’s (ATMs) combined. M-PESA’s presence in rural areas is par- gross domestic product (GDP).7 An average of $650 million ticularly important, because access to financial services in in cash deposit and withdrawal transactions is made at such areas is limited, and the ability to use existing retail M-PESA stores every month, with an average transaction stores as M-PESA cash-in/cash-out outlets reduces deploy- size of approximately $33. Nearly one-fifth of Safaricom air- ment costs, provides greater convenience, and lowers the time purchases are now conducted through M-PESA. cost of access compared with other financial services outlets. M-PESA’s bill pay function, launched in March 2009, has Importantly, both private and public actors were been popular: 75 companies now use M-PESA to collect pay- involved in creating and enabling M-PESA. The idea of ments from their customers. The biggest user, the electric M-PESA was conceived by a London-based team within utility company, reports that roughly 20 percent of its 1 mil- Vodafone. This team believed that mobile phones could play lion customers now pay through M-PESA. At least two banks, a central role in lowering the cost of access to financial ser- Family Bank and Kenya Commercial Bank, are now using vices for poor people. The idea was then developed by the M-PESA as a mechanism for customers to either repay loans Safaricom team in Kenya, which customized it and oversaw or withdraw funds from their banks accounts. And 27 com- a very focused execution. The Central Bank of Kenya, in par- panies are using M-PESA for bulk payment distribution. ticular the Payments System Group, helped to enable the launch of M-PESA by allowing a mobile operator to take the Customer perspectives on M-PESA lead in providing payment services to the general population. Following the first FinAccess survey in 2006, which showed A survey of 3,000 M-PESA users and nonusers conducted in very low levels of bank penetration in Kenya, the central bank late 2008 shed considerable light on the profile of M-PESA’s was determined to explore all reasonable options for correct- early adopters and customer usage patterns. Compared with ing the financial access imbalance. It worked in close partner- nonusers, the average M-PESA user is twice as likely to have ship with Vodafone and Safaricom to assess the opportunities a bank account (72 percent versus 36 percent) and is wealth- and risks involved prior to the launch of M-PESA. Conscious ier (65 percent higher expenditure levels), more literate, and that premature regulation could stifle innovation, the Central better educated (Suri and Jack 2008). Early adopters of the Bank of Kenya chose to closely monitor and learn from early service also appear to be experienced with banking services M-PESA trials and to formalize regulations later. and fairly savvy with technology, which probably makes Finally, the United Kingdom’s Department for Interna- them more keenly aware of the convenience of M-PESA rel- tional Development (DFID) played an instrumental role in ative to alternative financial services. the creation of M-PESA within Kenya, first by funding the Figure 20.3 highlights the ways customers report they use organizations that made the FinAccess survey possible, and M-PESA. More than half the sample use the service primar- then by providing seed funding to Vodafone for early ily for sending and receiving money, a use consistent with 2 CHAPTER 20: MOBILE PAYMENTS GO VIRAL M-PESA IN KENYA Figure 20.2 Growth of the M-PESA Customer Base 10 9 8 millions) 7 (in 6 5 4 customers of 3 2 1 Number 0 Source: Safaricom. Figure 20.3 How M-PESA Customers Use the Service Ninety-eight percent of M-PESA users are happy with the service, according to the 2008 survey, and 84 percent Pay bills, 2% claim that losing M-PESA would have a large, negative effect Store/save money None of these, 1% on them (Suri and Jack 2008). Figure 20.4 illustrates how for emergencies, 14% customers compare M-PESA with alternative services. In all Buy airtime for categories—speed, convenience, cost, and safety—customers someone else, reported better service with M-PESA than with other forms 8% of financial services. Receive money, 28% M-PESA’s service evolution M-PESA’s original core offering, the P2P payment, enabled Buy airtime for customers to send money to anyone with access to a mobile myself, 14% phone. Importantly, it opened up a market for transactions that previously were handled largely informally—through Store/save Send money, money for personal trips, friends, and public transport networks (“per- 25% everyday use, sonal networks” in figure 20.5). Although many transactions 14% carried out under M-PESA, such as sending a portion of salary earned at the end of the month to relatives, can be characterized as scheduled payments, others allow people Source: Suri and Jack 2008. to draw on a much broader network of family members, friends, and business associates to access money when required. Thus, in addition to providing a large measure of M-PESA’s broad market positioning.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vodafone: Expanding Access to Financial Services
    Vodafone: Expanding Access to Financial Services Initiative Description In 2008, Vodafone joined the Business Call to Action (BCtA) with its pledge to increase access to financial services, drive small-scale enterprise, and stimulate economic growth in key emerging markets through its Vodafone Money Transfer platform known locally in Kenya, Tanzania, Fiji, Afghanistan, and South Africa as M-PESA or M-Paisa. Vodafone’s goal: • Expand access of Money Transfer platform in Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Fiji, and Afghanistan so that people can securely receive or transfer money Business Model Across the developing world, lack of access to basic financial services hinders economic growth and development. Informal, cash-based economies leave citizens vulnerable to risks and without a secure means of saving or transferring money. Experts estimate that roughly three billion people worldwide are unbanked.1 For the vast majority of this population, paying bills, saving money, or sending cash to family members in another village, is a dangerous, time consuming, and expensive prospect. With roughly two billion mobile phone users in developing countries, mobile money transfer and payment services provide a potential solution to connect the millions of people who do not have access to formal financial services. In 2005, Vodafone won a grant from the UK Department of International Development to develop a new application that specifically targeted the unbanked in Africa. Vodafone chose to pilot the project in Kenya, where over 70 percent of households did not have bank accounts, but many had access to a mobile phone.2 The goal was to provide a mobile application which offered a valuable service for an underserved market group of low-income consumers that had use of a mobile phone yet lacked access to financial services.
    [Show full text]
  • Wahu Kaara of Kenya
    THE STRENGTH OF MOTHERS: The Life and Work of Wahu Kaara of Kenya By Alison Morse, Peace Writer Edited by Kaitlin Barker Davis 2011 Women PeaceMakers Program Made possible by the Fred J. Hansen Foundation *This material is copyrighted by the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice. For permission to cite, contact [email protected], with “Women PeaceMakers – Narrative Permissions” in the subject line. THE STRENGTH OF MOTHERS WAHU – KENYA TABLE OF CONTENTS I. A Note to the Reader ……………………………………………………….. 3 II. About the Women PeaceMakers Program ………………………………… 3 III. Biography of a Woman PeaceMaker – Wahu Kaara ….…………………… 4 IV. Conflict History – Kenya …………………………………………………… 5 V. Map – Kenya …………………………………………………………………. 10 VI. Integrated Timeline – Political Developments and Personal History ……….. 11 VII. Narrative Stories of the Life and Work of Wahu Kaara a. The Path………………………………………………………………….. 18 b. Squatters …………………………………………………………………. 20 c. The Dignity of the Family ………………………………………………... 23 d. Namesake ………………………………………………………………… 25 e. Political Awakening……………………………………………..………… 27 f. Exile ……………………………………………………………………… 32 g. The Transfer ……………………………………………………………… 39 h. Freedom Corner ………………………………………………………….. 49 i. Reaffirmation …………………….………………………………………. 56 j. A New Network………………….………………………………………. 61 k. The People, Leading ……………….…………………………………….. 68 VIII. A Conversation with Wahu Kaara ….……………………………………… 74 IX. Best Practices in Peacebuilding …………………………………………... 81 X. Further Reading – Kenya ………………………………………………….. 87 XI. Biography of a Peace Writer
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study Increasing the Profit Potential for Farmers in Kenya
    Without access to financial services, smallholder farmers Primary investors: cannot reach their productive potential. In Kenya, the • Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa Program for Rural Outreach of Financial Innovations and • Agricultural Finance Corporation Technologies (PROFIT) aimed to open up access to • Barclays Bank capital and provide technical assistance so that small- • Government of Kenya scale rural enterprises could become more profitable and more capable of attracting private investment. During • International Fund for Agricultural Development the project’s design stage, a market assessment of the country’s financial sector found that local commercial Value chain or sector: N/A banks had considerable liquidity but were reluctant to lend to smallholders in agriculture because the risk was perceived to be too high. This was even more so for Country: Kenya enterprises owned by women or youth, who tend to lack collateral. Microfinance institutions, meanwhile, were Type of risk addressed: Business model facing their own constraints. risks of lenders to agriculture. Using two blended finance instruments (a risk sharing facility and a credit line), coupled with technical Type of blended finance instruments: assistance, PROFIT created incentives for lenders to Guarantees issue more agricultural loans and provide more services Concessional loans and support in rural areas. Participating financial Technical assistance institutions were able to increase the volume of their agricultural lending, diversify their services and products, focus on innovation to reduce the cost of services, and provide technical assistance for business services to Contributed by producer groups. Ezra Anyango, Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA). Established in 2006, AGRA is an African-led alliance that works with One partner financial institution, the Agricultural partners across the continent to deliver solutions to smallholder farmers Finance Corporation (AFC), received support to develop and agricultural enterprises.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya.Pdf 43
    Table of Contents PROFILE ..............................................................................................................6 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Facts and Figures.......................................................................................................................................... 6 International Disputes: .............................................................................................................................. 11 Trafficking in Persons:............................................................................................................................... 11 Illicit Drugs: ................................................................................................................................................ 11 GEOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................12 Kenya’s Neighborhood............................................................................................................................... 12 Somalia ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 Ethiopia ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 Sudan..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What Makes a Successful Mobile Money Implementation
    Becoming a member There are three types of GSMA membership: Full, Associate and Rapporteur. Full Membership Full Membership is open to licensed GSM mobile network operators. Associate Membership Associate Membership is open to designers, manufacturers and suppliers of GSM technology platforms. These might include anything from software and infrastructure, equipment and accessories, to billing, data, finance or security. Rapporteur Membership Rapporteur Membership is open to non-GSM licensed operators moving to LTE/HSPA or those wishing to roam on GSM. To find out how GSMA membership can benefit your business, or to apply today, visit www.gsmworld.com/membership or email [email protected] Mobile Money for the Unbanked For further information please contact [email protected] GSMA London Office 1st Floor, Mid City Place, 71 High Holborn, London WC1V 6EA, United Kingdom T +44 (0) 20 7759 2300 www.gsmworld.com/membership What Makes a Successful Mobile Money Implementation? Learnings from M-PESA in Kenya and Tanzania What makes a Successful Mobile Money Implementation? Learnings from M-PESA in Kenya and Tanzania Table of Contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 Kenya and Tanzania 3 Urbanization 4 Economic Development 4 Access to Finance 4 Previous Methods of Money Transfer 5 The Service Providers – Safaricom and Vodacom 6 Ownership and Positioning 6 Market Share 6 Agent Network 7 Advertising 8 Fee Structure 9 Technology 9 Conclusions 10 Authors and References 11 01 What makes a Successful Mobile Money Implementation? Learnings from M-PESA in Kenya and Tanzania Foreword Contributed By: Paul Leishman, GSMA The mobile money community has watched (and 3. Product compared) the adoption of M-PESA in Kenya and Within the last three months, Vodacom introduced Tanzania with great interest.
    [Show full text]
  • M-PESA: Mobile Money for the “Unbanked” Turning Cellphones Into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya
    Nick Hughes and Susie Lonie M-PESA: Mobile Money for the “Unbanked” Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya In March 2007, Kenya’s largest mobile network operator, Safaricom (part of the Vodafone Group) launched M-PESA, an innovative payment service for the unbanked. “Pesa” is the Swahili word for cash; the “M” is for mobile. Within the first month Safaricom had registered over 20,000 M-PESA customers, well ahead of the targeted business plan. This rapid take-up is a clear sign that M-PESA fills a gap in the market. The product concept is very simple: an M-PESA customer can use his or her mobile phone to move money quickly, securely, and across great dis- tances, directly to another mobile phone user. The customer does not need to have a bank account, but registers with Safaricom for an M-PESA account. Customers turn cash into e-money at Safaricom dealers, and then follow simple instructions on their phones to make payments through their M-PESA accounts; the system provides money transfers as banks do in the developed world. The account is very secure, PIN-protected, and supported with a 24/7 service provided by Safaricom and Vodafone Group. The project faced formidable financial, social, cultural, political, technological, and regulatory hurtles. A public-sector challenge grant helped subsidize the invest- ment risk. To implement, Vodafone had to marry the incredibly divergent cultures of global telecommunications companies, banks, and microfinance institutions –and cope with their massive and often contradictory regulatory requirements. Finally, the project had to quickly train, support, and accommodate the needs of Two authors have written this case study, each taking up one part of the story.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure Bond with Kenyan Diaspora Component
    Infrastructure Bond With Kenyan Diaspora Component General Information Supplement 12 Year – Infrastructure Bond Oer Prospectus Kes 20,000,000,000 due in Year 2023 The Budget for Financial Year (FY) 2011/12 specied that the Government will raise Kes 12 YEAR BOND 119.5bn through domestic borrowing. Out of this amount Kes 35.85bn will be raised through issuance of Infrastructure Bonds to fund specic new and ongoing projects. The ISSUE NO. IFB1/2011/12 sectors of the economy highlighted in the Budget are; Roads: Kes. 7.36bn, Energy: Kes.18.78bn and Water: Kes.9.71bn. The continued emphasis on these three sectors is a TOTAL VALUE KSHS 20 BILLION testament to their crucial roles in supporting the growth of other economic sectors. Energy Sector continues to receive special attention given the Government’s VALUE DATE OCTOBER 3RD 2011 determination to explore new power sources such as geothermal and other forms of renewable energy. The Republic of Kenya (“the Republic” or “the Issuer”) is oering a Kshs 20,000,000,000 in an Infrastructure Bond Issue (“the Issue”), as a rst tranche to the total borrowing of Kshs. 35.85bn to be raised through Infrastructure Bonds. The proceeds of the Bond as has been the case with previously issued Infrastructure Bonds will be used to nance specic projects in the Roads, Energy, and Water & Irrigation Sectors as opposed to the traditional objective of general budget support purposes, with no specic project nancing being earmarked at the time of raising nance. The Bond will be open to all investors, but as a departure from normal Kenya Government fund-raising in the local capital markets, this oer will place special emphasis on getting participation from Kenyans in the Diaspora.
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Inclusion
    Digital Financial Services Workshop Panel Discussion: FINTECH 3.0 Getting the Regulatory Environment Right Topics Context Matters! Financial Inclusion in Jamaica Institutions Matter! Regulatory Effects – Enabler or Constraint? Collaboration Matters! Public- Private-Partnership Opportunities to Building Electronic Payments Ecosystems UWI-led Research Findings (2011) A randomly-selected, nationally representative sample of two thousand four hundred and seventy six (2476) respondents from all 14 parishes was surveyed using proportionate sampling Over 80% of adult Jamaicans have limited access to a low-cost, efficient and easily accessible payments channel 3 Unbanked Population and Mobile Financial Services Strong correlation between countries with high levels of unbanked citizens and the impetus for mobile payments services Jamaica is well-positioned in terms of mobile penetration and the value opportunity for establishing a more efficient way of delivering financial transactional services Dates Key Events / Developments Jun, 2006 Financial Access Survey of 2006 highlighted the very low Mobile reach of the traditional banking sector in Kenya - 70% rural population; 19% Kenyans with bank accounts; Financial - 1.5 bank branches and 1 ATM per 100,000 people - Mobile phone penetration ~30 percent and growing much Services faster Aug, 2006 Safaricom approaches the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) in Kenya: regarding M-Pesa Sep 2006 CBK conducts detailed assessment / due dilligence of M- M-Pesa – Jan Pesa systems, risk mitigation program; Legal
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Central Bank of Kenya Rates on Market Interest Rates of Commercial Banks in Kenya
    THE IMPACT OF CENTRAL BANK OF KENYA RATES ON MARKET INTEREST RATES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA BY: MUCH1R1 EDITH NYAMBURA REG NO.: 1)61/61595/2010 UNIVERSITY OF n ' '351 LOWER KAEcTE LIBRARY A RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEGREE, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SEPTEMBER. 2012 DECLARATION I Muchiri Edith Nyambura hereby declare that this project is m y own work and effort and that it has not been submitted anywhere for any award. Sign * Date 1 ^Qva Muchiri Edith Nyambura D 6 1/61595/2010 Supervisor: D r Aduda Josiah Senior Lecturer. Department of Finance and Accounting DEDICATION To my wonderful son who has been very interested in my education and my parents and friends who have continuously encouraged me to read more. in AC KNOW IK DC E M ENT I wish lo express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all those who in one way or another contributed to the success of preparation o f this research project. It has been a time of learning and I needed to put in a lot of efforts which you all encouraged me to do. Special thanks go to Almighty God for this far he has brought me. Without G od's help this project would have just been a dream. I also wish to thank my supervisor Dr Aduda Josiah who guided me in the research project. The tireless efforts to guide me and correct me have gone a long way to give me the morale to go and complete this project.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRICA RISK CONSULTING Kenya Monthly Briefing December 2020 Kenya Summary 11 December 2020 COVID-19 Continues to Hit Kenya'
    AFRICA RISK CONSULTING Kenya Monthly Briefing December 2020 Kenya Summary 11 December 2020 President Uhuru Kenyatta (2013-present) and his government attempt to manage the continuing economic fallout from COVID-19 while partially state-owned airline Kenya Airways finds alternative sources of income. The Central Bank of Kenya’s (CBK) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decides to keep the bank’s rate at 7% for the foreseeable future as it continues to monitor the impact of government subsidy measures and borrowing. The Mo Ibrahim Foundation releases its annual Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG), with Kenya faring better than most of its regional neighbours but showing concerning trends in the metrics of security and rule of law. COVID-19 continues to hit Kenya’s economy COVID-19 continues to have a significant knock-on economic impact on Kenya. The World Bank on 2 December released its report titled “Kenya Economic Update, Navigating the Pandemic” in which it anticipates that Kenya’s economy will decline by 1-1.5% in 2020 as a result of the pandemic.1 The tourism ministry estimates that the pandemic caused Kenya to lose $1 billion in tourism revenue between January and October.2 The backdrop to these concerns are worrying predictions about Kenya’s high level of exposure to debt. Moody’s Investor Service issued a warning on 7 December that Kenyan banks are at risk of a possible downgrade due to their high lending, in particular their high exposure to government risk via their investments in treasury bonds.3 In addition to their exposure to government-related risks, non- performing loans are continuing to increase, impacting the liquidity of many banks.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Bank of Kenya Pension Fund
    REPUBLIC OF KENYA THE PARLIAMENTARY SERVICE COMMISSION PROPOSED MULTI STOREY OFFICE BLOCK FOR THE KENYA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. W.P. ITEM NO. D29 NB/NB 901 –JOB NO. 7753C TENDER NO. PJS/005/2020-2021 1. TECHNICAL TENDER DOCUMENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR SUPPLY, DELIVERY, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF AUDIO VISUAL/MULTIMEDIA AND CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INSTALLATIONS ARCHITECT QUANTITY SURVEYOR Chief Architect Chief Quantity Surveyor Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Development and Development and Public Works Public Works P.O. Box 30743-00100 P.O. Box 30743-00100 NAIROBI NAIROBI ENGINEER (STRUCTURAL) ELECTRICAL ENGINEER Chief Engineer Structural Chief Engineer (Electrical) (BS) Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Development and Development and Public Works Public Works P.O. Box 30743-00100 P.O. Box 41191-00100 NAIROBI NAIROBI MECHANICAL ENGINEER Chief Engineer (Mechanical) (BS) Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing, Urban Development and Public Works P.O. Box 41191-00100 NAIROBI PROJECT CONSULTANTS CONSULTING ARCHITECT CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYOR Mutiso Menezes International Quantech Consultancy P.O. Box 44934 - 00100 P.O. Box 44660 – 00100 NAIROBI. NAIROBI CONSULTING ELECT. AND MECH. ENGINEER CONSULTING STRUCTURAL & CIVIL ENGINEER. Mecoy Consultants Ltd Wanjohi Mutonyi Consult P.O. Box 20198-00200 P.O. Box 21714 - 00505 NAIROBI NAIROBI CLIENT The Parliamentary Service Commission P.O. BOX 41842, Nairobi OCTOBER, 2020 CONTENTS PAGES 1. CONTENTS 1 2. DEFINITIONS 2 3. PROJECT CONSULTANTS 3 4. SPECIAL NOTES FOR ALL TENDERERS 4 5. FORM OF TENDER SECURITY (BANK) 5 6. FORM OF TENDER SECURITY (INSURANCE) 6 7. SECTION A: INSTRUCTIONS TO TENDERERS A/1– A/18 EVALUATION CRITERIA A/19– A/25 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Savings for the Poor in Kenya
    may 2012 Savings for the Poor in Kenya anjana ravi and eric tyler savings for the poor innovation and knowledge network (spinnaker) Global Assets Project New America Foundation Acknowledgement The research for this project would not have been possible without the guidance, support, and participation of a number of players. In particular, the authors would like to express their gratitude to Jamie Zimmerman and Amolo Ng’weno for their assistance in conducting research and reviewing the report’s development. Thanks are also due to Jacqueline Irimu and Mediatrix Tuju, who provided tireless logisti- cal and research assistance. The authors would also like to thank Amrik Heyer and Felistus Mbole at Financial Sector Deepening Kenya and all the institutions who took the time to participate in the study. © 2012 New America Foundation This report carries a Creative Commons license, which permits non- commercial re-use of New America content when proper attribution is provided. This means you are free to copy, display and distribute New America’s work, or include our content in derivative works, under the following conditions: • Attribution. You must clearly attribute the work to the New America Foundation, and provide a link back to www.Newamerica.net. • Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes without explicit prior permission from New America. • Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. For the full legal code of this Creative Commons license, please visit www.creativecommons.org. If you have any questions about citing or re- using New America content, please contact us.
    [Show full text]