International Federation of American Football: Football Rules and Interpretations 2020 Edition
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From Custom to Code. a Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football
From Custom to Code From Custom to Code A Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football Dominik Döllinger Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Humanistiska teatern, Engelska parken, Uppsala, Tuesday, 7 September 2021 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Associate Professor Patrick McGovern (London School of Economics). Abstract Döllinger, D. 2021. From Custom to Code. A Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football. 167 pp. Uppsala: Department of Sociology, Uppsala University. ISBN 978-91-506-2879-1. The present study is a sociological interpretation of the emergence of modern football between 1733 and 1864. It focuses on the decades leading up to the foundation of the Football Association in 1863 and observes how folk football gradually develops into a new form which expresses itself in written codes, clubs and associations. In order to uncover this transformation, I have collected and analyzed local and national newspaper reports about football playing which had been published between 1733 and 1864. I find that folk football customs, despite their great local variety, deserve a more thorough sociological interpretation, as they were highly emotional acts of collective self-affirmation and protest. At the same time, the data shows that folk and early association football were indeed distinct insofar as the latter explicitly opposed the evocation of passions, antagonistic tensions and collective effervescence which had been at the heart of the folk version. Keywords: historical sociology, football, custom, culture, community Dominik Döllinger, Department of Sociology, Box 624, Uppsala University, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden. -
The 2020 Shaw/Blandino Weekly Quiz
COLLEGE FOOTBALL OFFICIATING, LLC The 2020 Shaw / Blandino Weekly Quiz Week 1 This quiz is being provided on a weekly basis to promote robust crew discussions and further individual rules study. It is in no way intended to be official play interpretations, as those are contained within Part II of the 2020 NCAA Football Rules and are updated by official CFO Play Interpretation Bulletins when released during the season. These quizzes will be released on Wednesday of each game week, with answers being provided on the following Monday. The first eight questions are focused around on-field rulings, and the final two questions are focused on Instant Replay. All officials should be familiar with and work both sets of questions. Answer each on-field question by giving THESE FOUR ITEMS of information for the next time the ball is to be put in play: Team in possession Down and distance (or Free Kick or Try) Yard line of succeeding spot Game clock status (Ready/ Snap / Running / FK Rules / No Clock / 10-Second Runoff) For Replay Questions, complete the answer with the outcome and any replay reasoning. 1. 4/7 @ A-35. Just after the snap lineman B77 grabs guard A66 and pulls him to one side, allowing linebacker B43 to shoot the gap to try to block the kick. B44 catches the kick at the B-25 and returns to the B-40 where he is tackled. RULING: ______________│______________│______________│______________ 2. 4/5 @ B-30. A18’s field goal attempt is tipped at the line and is almost at rest when B68 falls on the ball at the B-12. -
Football Officiating Manual
FOOTBALL OFFICIATING MANUAL 2020 HIGH SCHOOL SEASON TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE: OFFICIATING OVERVIEW .............................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 2 NATIONAL FEDERATION OFFICIALS CODE OF ETHICS ........................................... 3 PREREQUISITES AND PRINCIPLES OF GOOD OFFICIATING ................................. 4 PART TWO: OFFICIATING PHILOSOPHY ......................................................................... 6 WHEN IN QUESTION ............................................................................................................... 7 PHILOSOPHIES AND GUIDANCE ........................................................................................ 8 BLOCKING .................................................................................................................................... 8 A. Holding (OH / DH) ............................................................................................................. 8 B. Blocking Below the Waist (BBW) ..................................................................................... 8 CATCH / RECOVERY ................................................................................................................... 9 CLOCK MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................. 9 A. Heat and Humidity Timeout ............................................................................................ -
Countdown to Kickoff (10 Days)
COUNTDOWN TO KICKOFF (10 DAYS) NEW NFL RULES FOR 2016 Rule changes are made each season to improve the game and make it safer. Recent rules changes and points of emphasis focused on player safety have resulted in defenders adjusting their target zone and using the proper tackling technique. In 2015, there were 10 players fined for hits on defenseless players, compared to 40 for the same offense in 2012. FINES FOR HITS ON DEFENSELESS PLAYERS SEASON FINES 2012 40 2013 25 2014 11 2015 10 With player health and safety remaining a priority, here are the 2016 rules changes and points of emphasis: CHOP BLOCK: All chop blocks are now illegal. A chop block is a two-man high-low block in which a defensive player is engaged above the waist by one offensive player and blocked at the thigh or below by a second offensive player. A chop block is a foul whether it occurs on a running play, a pass play or a kicking play. If it is clear that the defensive player is initiating the contact above the waist, or that the offensive player is trying to slip or escape, then the block is legal. UNSPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT FOULS: A player that is penalized twice in the same game for certain types of unsportsmanlike conduct fouls will be automatically disqualified. These types of fouls include: o Throwing a punch or kick without making contact o Use of abusive or threatening language toward an opponent o Any act that constitutes taunting HORSE COLLAR: The horse collar rule has been expanded for this season. -
To My Fellow Football Officials
To my Fellow Football Officials: We keep getting lots a good feedback from around the state about our rules review and Mike Wise’s video presentations. This type of training does not just happen. Your leadership puts in the time to have it available to all our members as we get ready for the season. You expect a story or some preaching each week and I don’t want to let you down. Everyone knows what Easter is. What Good Friday is. What Maundy Thursday is. But do you know what Cannon Ball Sunday is? That is the Sunday after Easter. You could shoot a cannon ball from the pulpit into the congregation and not hit a soul. My point is we get into the rules and mechanics prior to the season. But, we need to stay in the rule book all year. You never know if that one little last look at something might save you next Friday night. Tommy Moore President TASO Football 2015-16 [email protected] 832-971-8589 Rule 3: Periods, Time Factors and Substitutions RULE THREE QUESTIONS ( Thanks to Mike Marcotte) PLAY ONE: 4rd/19 for Team A from the Team A 27-yard line. A14 takes the snap and attempts a “quick kick” from the Team A 21-yard line. The kick is blocked behind the line, and A32 then picks up the ball and runs to the Team A 48-yard line, where he is tackled inbounds. RULING: 1st/10 for Team A from the Team A 48-yard line. The game clock will stop when the ball is declared dead, the 25-second clock starts on the referee’s signal; game clock on the SNAP. -
11-Player Youth Tackle Rules Guide Table of Contents
FOOTBALL DEVELOPMENT MODEL usafootball.com/fdm 11-PLAYER YOUTH TACKLE RULES GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .....................................................................................................2 1 Youth Specific Rules ..........................................................................3 2 Points of Emphasis ............................................................................4 3 Timing and Quarter Length ...........................................................5 4 Different Rules, Different Levels ..................................................7 5 Penalties ..................................................................................................7 THANK YOU ESPN USA Football sincerely appreciates ESPN for their support of the Football Development Model Pilot Program INTRODUCTION Tackle football is a sport enjoyed by millions of young athletes across the United States. This USA Football Rules Guide is designed to take existing, commonly used rule books by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) and the NCAA and adapt them to the youth game. In most states, the NFHS rule book serves as the foundational rules system for the youth game. Some states, however, use the NCAA rule book for high school football and youth leagues. 2 2 / YOUTH-SPECIFIC RULES USA Football recommends the following rules be adopted by youth football leagues, replacing the current rules within the NFHS and NCAA books. Feel free to print this chart and provide it to your officials to take to the game field. NFHS RULE NFHS PENALTY YARDAGE USA FOOTBALL RULE EXPLANATION 9-4-5: Roughing/Running Into the Roughing = 15; Running Into = 5 All contact fouls on the kicker/holder Kicker/Holder result in a 15-yard penalty (there is no 5-yard option for running into the kicker or holder). 9-4-3-h: Grasping the Face Mask Grasping, pulling, twisting, turning = 15; All facemask fouls result in a 15-yard incidental grasping = 5 penalty (there is no 5-yard option for grasping but not twisting or pulling the facemask). -
Maine Campus October 15 1936 Maine Campus Staff
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine Campus Archives University of Maine Publications Fall 10-15-1936 Maine Campus October 15 1936 Maine Campus Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus Repository Citation Staff, Maine Campus, "Maine Campus October 15 1936" (1936). Maine Campus Archives. 3039. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus/3039 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine Campus Archives by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vote Monday In The Presidential Straw Poll! 411•••••••••MNIMMI....=.4/Mr• Campus Radio Vote In lite Broadcast r!t iw 7:45 Friday Tr* Monday Campus I riMP•41•4104M• Published Weekly by the Students of the University of Maine Vol. XX XV III ORONO, MAINE, OCTOBER 15, 1936 No. 3 Alpha Gamma Rho Again Class Primaries Faculty and Undergraduates Takes Fraternity Lead To Occur Tues. Regulations For Selection To Cast Ballots in Straw Vote In Scholastic Rank, 3.01 Of Delegates Issued By Houghton For Presidential Preference Second, Third Places- At a meeting of the Student Senate and Kappa, Bowdoin Special Interfraternity Council held in Rogers Nationwide Poll of Go to Phi Eta Hall on Tuesday evening the announce- Arrangements for the running of Many Students ment of primary nominations for class of- Attention, Juniors! Lambda Chi Alpha a special train to the Bowdoin game Student Opinion ficers to be held Tuesday, October 20, at Brunswick are being concluded On Deans' List A tentative Prism board will be was made. -
Super Bowl Bingo
SUPER BOWL BINGO RUSHING SPECIAL TEAMS OFFSIDE DIVING CATCH FAIR CATCH TOUCHDOWN TOUCHDOWN ROUGHING THE 35+ YARD PASS FACE MASK EXTRA POINT TRICK PLAY PASSER PASSING 35+ YARD KICKOFF WIDE RECEIVER JUMP OVER PLAYER NFC FIELD GOAL TOUCHDOWN RETURN TOUCHDOWN EXCESSIVE 30+ COMBINED AFC FIELD GOAL ONSIDE KICK TIE GAME AFTER 0-0 CELEBRATION POINTS 35+ YARD PUNT QUARTERBACK SACK INTERCEPTION HOLDING FIELD GOAL RETURN Created at https://gridirongames.com The Ultimate Solution for Managing Football Pools SUPER BOWL BINGO RUSHING 10+ AFC TEAM KICKOFF RETURN TOUCHDOWN DANCE NFC FIELD GOAL TOUCHDOWN POINTS TOUCHDOWN TWO-POINT ROUGHING THE TIE GAME AFTER 0-0 ONE-HANDED CATCH PASS INTERFERENCE CONVERSION PASSER EXTRA POINT FIRST DOWN DELAY OF GAME FIELD GOAL NFC TOUCHDOWN TIGHT END 20+ COMBINED BLOCKED KICK FAIR CATCH QUARTERBACK SACK TOUCHDOWN POINTS 35+ YARD KICKOFF QUARTERBACK 30+ COMBINED 35+ YARD PASS INTERCEPTION RETURN TOUCHDOWN POINTS Created at https://gridirongames.com The Ultimate Solution for Managing Football Pools SUPER BOWL BINGO DELAY OF GAME TIE GAME AFTER 0-0 FIRST DOWN ONE-HANDED CATCH AFC FIELD GOAL 35+ YARD PUNT 20+ COMBINED SPECIAL TEAMS ONSIDE KICK NFC TOUCHDOWN RETURN POINTS TOUCHDOWN PASSING DEFENSIVE PUNT PASS INTERFERENCE OFFSIDE TOUCHDOWN TOUCHDOWN RUNNING BACK EXCESSIVE ROUGHING THE 35+ YARD PASS SAFETY TOUCHDOWN CELEBRATION PASSER 10+ NFC TEAM JUMP OVER PLAYER HOLDING FACE MASK FAIR CATCH POINTS Created at https://gridirongames.com The Ultimate Solution for Managing Football Pools SUPER BOWL BINGO FUMBLE PUNT HOLDING DIVING -
Awareness of Game Situations
Referee has collected some of the best Football Officiating tips & techniques they could find and have created a Football Officiating A-Z email series to share with officials. Officials who are interested can visit https://www.referee.com/free-guides/ for more officiating resources. Tips will be added weekly once new ones are released. AWARENESS OF GAME SITUATIONS Most football fans understand how the down, distance, score and time remaining affect how teams strategize. The same information that helps the guy in the 53rd row can help officials if they use a little common sense. For example, it’s third down and 11. Team A trails by two points with 1:37 to play in the fourth quarter and has the ball on its own 44 yardline. Going without a huddle because it is out of timeouts, team A lines up in a shotgun formation with an empty backfield and three eligible receivers on the right side of the formation. Gee, do you think a pass is coming? Do you think the receivers will run at least 11-yard routes? Is it likely the quarterback’s first look will be to a receiver running a pattern near the sideline? That is a fairly elementary example, but it illustrates how officials can process information and turn it into proper coverage of a play. The latter stages of a game are also prime times for flea-flickers or other trick plays, onside kicks, clock- killing spikes (and fake spikes) and other tactics that are less than routine. Your ability to anticipate them will help determine if you are in proper position to make a big call (or no-call) at the end of a game. -
Arena Football League 5 Vs 5 Men's League Rules & Policies
Updated: April 2016 Miller Activity Complex Arena Football League 5 vs 5 Men’s League Rules & Policies ADULT LEAGUES General Information 1. No food, drink, gum, sunflower seeds (any seed casings) or spitting allowed on the turf. 2. Tennis shoes, flats, turf shoes or molded cleats allowed. No metal cleats allowed. 3. The Field Supervisor and/or Town of Castle Rock Athletic Staff shall act upon any and all situations not covered explicitly in these rules. All decisions will be final. 4. Town of Castle Rock reserves the right to re-classify a team at any point in the season in order to maintain a fair balance of competition. This will only be done with the cooperation of the teams involved. (if applicable) 5. Town of Castle Rock reserves the right to expel any team from the league for reasons of conduct, failure to observe rules, regulations and procedures and/or failure to field a team for 1 or more games. Written notifications of such actions will be provided to the individual and/or team manager. 6. Teams are responsible for knowing the rules. 7. All spectators must be in the spectator area and are not permitted to play on any of the facility amenities without purchase of a pass. 8. No spectators (including children) are allowed in the player bench area. 9. Any team caught intentionally kicking a ball at the light fixtures above the field will result in a $100 fine. 10. Any player spitting on the turf, walls, cement, or any place other than the designated trash cans will be subject to a $25 fine. -
USA Wheelchair Football League, and It Contains All Current Rules Governing the Playing of Wheelchair Football for That League
U S A W H E E L C H A I R F O O T B A L L L E A G U E 2 0 2 0 O F F I C I A L P L A Y I N G R U L E S w w w . u s a w f l . o r g PREFACE This is the Official Playing Rulebook for the USA Wheelchair Football League, and it contains all current rules governing the playing of wheelchair football for that League. Member clubs of the USA Wheelchair Football League may vote to amend these rules from time to time. If that should occur, the League offices will send out an amended rulebook. Any officials looking for further interpretation can contact Karalyn Stott at Move United ([email protected]). If any rule in this rulebook is unclear, default to the Official Playing Rules of the National Football League. w w w . u s a w f l . o r g FIELD MARKINGS 4 w w w . u s a w f l . o r g FIELD MARKINGS 1. All line work is to be laid out to dimensions shown on the plan, with all line work being straight, and utilizing a color that is clearly visible and contrasts any surface markings already on the field area. 2. Care must be exercised in any end zone marking, decoration, or club identification at the 30-yard line, that said marks or decorations do not in any way cause confusion as to delineation of goal lines, side lines, and end lines. -
NU Intramural Sports Arena Flag Football Rules
NU Intramural Sports Arena Flag Football Rules GENERAL RULES: 1. All players must present their valid Northeastern University Photo ID to play. No exceptions! Current, valid NU photo identification must be present in order to participate. Participation will be denied to anyone without their current, valid NU photo identification card. 2. Jewelry is not allowed to be worn by any participant during an Intramural event. Any and all dangerous equipment must be removed prior to participation. Jewelry cannot be taped or covered with a band-aid. 3. GAME TIME IS FORFEIT TIME! The minimum number of players must have their Husky Cards turned in, be present on the field and in uniform for a team not to forfeit. The team manager must be responsible for collecting his team's IDs and registering their uniform numbers with the IM staff. 4. 3 Unsportsmanlike Penalties will result in a team disqualification regardless of the score. 2 Personal Unsportsmanlike Penalties will result in the player leaving the game. Only a team's designated Captain is allowed to confer with the officials. There is a ZERO TOLERANCE policy for any unsportsmanlike behavior directed towards players, officials, and staff. 5. The supervisor on duty reserves the right to remove any player from competition who has violated any NU Intramural Policy or Rule and/or endangered any player or IM staff member. Ejected players must leave the facility. Any player or team that exhibits a pattern of troublesome behavior will be removed from intramural sports. Supervisors also have the authority to end a game. 6. Participants are not allowed to play in a manner that is potentially dangerous or reckless.