DOCSLIB.ORG

With UNEP for Argentina, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay and Uruguay 2019 |

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
With UNEP for Argentina, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay and Uruguay 2019 | with UNEP for Argentina, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay and Uruguay 2019 | 8 November NDA Strengthening, including country programming (SP, NDA, CP) Programme title: Advancing a regional approach to e-mobility in Latin America Argentina, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Country: Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay and Uruguay. Architect Ignacio Lorenzo, Ministry of Housing, Land Planning and Environment, Climate Change Division, Uruguay Mr. Augustin Mai, National Office of Projects with International Finance Institutions, Ministry of Treasury, Argentina. MSc. Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rica Dr. José Fidel Santana Núñez, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Cuba Mr. Fernando Andrés López Larreynaga, Ministry of Environment and National designated authority: Natural Resources, El Salvador Mr. Alfonso Rafael Alonzo Vargas, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Guatemala. Mr. Jose Antonio Galdames, Ministry of Energy, Natural Resources, Environment and Mining Mr. Uriel Pérez Acuña, Ministry of Finance and Public Credit, Nicaragua Mr. Milciades Concepción, Ministry of Environment, Panamá Mr.Carlos Alberto Pereira Olmedo, Secretariat of Planning for Economic and Social Development, Paraguay Implementing Institution: UN Environment Date of first submission: 31 May 2019 Date of current submission / 2 September 2019 V.2.1 version number Readiness and Preparatory Support Page 2 of 33 How to complete this document? - Please visit the Empowering Countries page of the GCF website to download the Readiness Guidebook and learn how to access funding under the GCF Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme. - This document should be completed by National Designated Authorities (NDA) or focal points with support from their Delivery Partners where relevant. Once completed, this document should be submitted to the GCF by the NDA or focal point to [email protected]. - Please be concise. If you need to include any additional information, please attach it to the proposal. - If the Delivery Partner implementing the Readiness support is not a GCF Accredited Entity for project Funding Proposals, please complete the Financial Management Capacity Assessment (FMCA) questionnaire and submit it prior to or with this Readiness proposal. The FMCA is available for download at the Library page of the GCF website. Where to get support? - If you are not sure how to complete this document, or require support, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. - You can also complete as much of this document as you can and then send it to [email protected], copying both the Readiness Delivery Partner and the relevant GCF Country Dialogue Specialist and Regional Advisor. Please refer to the Country Profiles page of the GCF website to identify the relevant GCF Country Dialogue Specialist and Regional Advisor. - We will get back to you within five (5) working days to acknowledge receipt of your submission and discuss the way forward. Note: Environmental and Social Safeguards and Gender Throughout this document, when answering questions and providing details, please make sure to pay special attention to environmental, social and gender issues, particularly to the situation of vulnerable populations, including women and men. Please be specific about proposed actions to address these issues. Consult Annex IV of the Readiness Guidebook for more information. Please submit the completed form to: [email protected] Please use the following naming convention for the file name: “GCF Readiness Proposal-[Country]-[yymmdd]” Readiness and Preparatory Support Page 3 of 33 1. SUMMARY Readiness and Preparatory Support Page 4 of 33 Proposal is supported by the following NDAs: Country Name: Argentina Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: National Office of Projects with International Finance Institutions, Ministry of Treasury, Argentina Name of contact person: Mr. Augustin Mai Contact person’s position: Director of National Office of Projects with International Finance Institutions Telephone number: +5411 4349 6212 Email: [email protected] Full office address: 250, Hipólito Yrigoyen Street, 10th Floor, Office 1006, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 1086AAB Country name: Costa Rica Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Ministry of Environment and Energy Name of contact person: Msc. Carlos Manuel Rodriguez Contact person’s position: Minister of Environment and Energy Telephone number: +506 2257 9318 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Calle 25, Av. 8-10. San Jose, Costa Rica Country name: Cuba Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Name of contact person: Dr. José Fidel Santana Núñez Contact person’s position: Deputy Minister Telephone number: +537 837 0382 ext. 171 Email: [email protected] Country Full office address: Línea No 8 / N and O. Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución Habana, submitting Cuba, 10400 the proposal Havana, Cuba Country name: El Salvador Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Minisry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARN) Name of contact person: Mr. Fernando Andrés López Larreynaga Contact person’s position: Minister Telephone number: +503 2132-9418 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Km. 5-1/2 Carretera a Santa Tecla, calle y colonia Las Mercedes, Edificio MARN, San Salvador, El Salvador Country name: Guatemala Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Name of contact person: Mr Alfonso Rafael Alonzo Vargas Contact person’s position: Minister of Environment and Natural Resources Telephone number: +502 2423 0500 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] / Full office address: 7 avenida 03-67 Zona 13, Guatemala City, Guatemala Country name: Honduras Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Ministry of Energy, Natural Resources, Environment and Mining Name of contact person: Mr Jose Antonio Galdames Contact person’s position: Secretary of State Telephone number: +504 2239 4296 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Edificio Principal, 200 metros al Sur del Estadio Nacional. Honduras Readiness and Preparatory Support Page 5 of 33 Country name: Nicaragua Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Ministry of Finance and Public Credit Name of contact person: Mr Uriel Pérez Acuña Contact person’s position: Direct of Public Credit Telephone number: +505 22224956 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Ministerio de Hacienda y Credito Publico, Avenida Bolivar Frente a la Asamblea Nacional. Managua, Nicaragua Country name: Panama Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Ministry of Environment Name of contact person: Mr. Milciades Concepción Contact person’s position: Minister Telephone number: +507 500-0891 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Building 804, Albrook. Panama Country name: Paraguay Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Secretariat of Planning for Economic and Social Development STP Name of contact person: Mr Jorge Gonzalez Contact person’s position: Economist at General Coordination of Inclusive Economic Growth Telephone number: +595961650626 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Estrella 505 esquina 14 de Mayo Country name: Uruguay Name of institution representing NDA or Focal Point: Ministry of Housing, Land Planning and Environment, Climate Change Division Name of contact person: Architect Ignacio Lorenzo Contact person’s position: Director of Climate Change Telephone number: +598 2917 0710 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Zabala 1432, 4o piso, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Date of initial 31 May 2019 submission Last date of Click or tap to enter a date. (Please update for each resubmission.) Click Version V.## resubmission or tap to enter a date. (Please update for each resubmission.) number Which ☐ National designated authority institution Accredited entity will ☐ ☒ implement Delivery partner the Readiness Please provide contact information if the implementing partner is not the NDA/focal point and Name of institution: UN Environment Preparatory Name of official: Leo Heileman Support Position: Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean project? Telephone number: +507 305-3100 Readiness and Preparatory Support Page 6 of 33 Email: [email protected] Full office address: Edificio 103, Ave. Alberto O. Tejeda, Ciudad del Saber, Clayton, Panamá Additional email addresses that need to be copied on correspondences: [email protected]; [email protected]; Title of the Readiness “Advancing a regional approach to E-Mobility in Latin America” support proposal Please select the relevant GCF Readiness activity area below (click on the box): Type of ☐ I. Country capacity for engagement with GCF Readiness ☐ II. Country programming process support ☐ III. Direct access to climate finance sought ☒ IV. Climate finance accessed ☐ V. Formulation of national adaptation planning and/or other adaptation planning processes Readiness and Preparatory Support Page 7 of 33 Transport is responsible for almost one-quarter (23%) of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to energy and is growing faster than any other end-use energy sector given its reliance on fossil fuels. GHG emissions from transport are expected to increase by almost 20% by 2030 and close to 50% by 2050,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Declaration by the Heads of States and Governments of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Dominican R
    DECLARATION BY THE HEADS OF STATES AND GOVERNMENTS OF BELIZE, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA, PANAMA AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC FACING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 CENTRO AMERICA ALLIED AGAINST CORONA VIRUS 12th, March, 2020 The Heads of States and Governments of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Dominican Republic having a extraordinary virtual session under the pro tempore Presidency of SICA, with Honduras in the charge. Considering That the World Health Organization, with globally alarming levels of spread and severity of cases by COVID-19, has declared this disease to be a pandemic. This implies the necessity of regional agreements on containment against its spread for the safety of our inhabitants. The Resolution COMISCA 01-2020 adopted during the Extraordinary Meeting of the Council of Ministers of Health of Central America and the Dominican Republic (COMISCA), held on 3rd of March, 2020, relative to the situation of threats of COVID-19, and the regional reaction in public health against the pandemic, where joint actions are established. That faced of the threats of COVID-19, the General Secretariat of SICA and the Executive Secretariat of COMISCA have made efforts to establish regional, intersectoral approach in response to the pandemic DECLARE 1. The importance given by the Governments of the member states of SICA for the tutelage and protection of the human security, public health and common good for population in th e region, mainly in view of the expansion of COVID-19, which requires adopting joint meas ures and coordination to face it. 2. To the nations of the region, that our national health systems attend to the pandemic acco rding to the protocols guided by the World Health Organization / Pan American Health Org anization (WHO / PAHO), taking national measures through the Ministries and Secretaries of Health, including binational and cross-border collaboration of health services for compre hensive care of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 and other public health probl ems.
    [Show full text]
  • Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua): Patterns of Human Rights Violations
    writenet is a network of researchers and writers on human rights, forced migration, ethnic and political conflict WRITENET writenet is the resource base of practical management (uk) independent analysis e-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL AMERICA (GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA): PATTERNS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS A Writenet Report by Beatriz Manz (University of California, Berkeley) commissioned by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Status Determination and Protection Information Section (DIPS) August 2008 Caveat: Writenet papers are prepared mainly on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. The papers are not, and do not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Writenet or UNHCR. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction........................................................................................1 1.1 Regional Historical Background ................................................................1 1.2 Regional Contemporary Background........................................................2 1.3 Contextualized Regional Gang Violence....................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • State and Economy in Nicaragua
    E. V. K. FitzGerald role of the state and planning under the Sandinistas', A Mixed Economy in Transition he argues that other structural changes (such as land reform and public investment) 'may lead to a future One of the main features of Nicaragua since 1979 has situation in which the position of the state in the been theSandinista commitment toa 'mixed Nicaraguanpolitical economy can beradically economy' while retaining both political hegemony and transformed'. the monopoly of armed force. This concept is officially It is clearly too early, in historical terms at least, to seen as having three dimensions: the balance between evaluate the feasibility of the Sandinista model - state and private property in the corporate enterprise particularly in view of US attempts at economic and sector; the maintenance of a large petty commodity military destabilisation [ICJ 1986]but it is possible sector in almost all branches of the economy; and the to identify some key characteristics of the model and establishment of non-aligned international trading analyse its mutation since 1979. In this article, I shall relations [Miplan 1980; SPP 1987]. The apparently try to show how the relation between the state and the long-term character of this social construct makes market shifted in response to both war and economic Nicaragua distinct from many other experiences of the problems; how the basis of the planning system construction of socialism, although it is consistent changed from a 'dual economy' model to one based on with more recent reform initiatives [FitzGerald and the articulation of distinct forms of production; and Wuyts 1988].
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments Through 2005
    PDF generated: 19 Feb 2021, 13:07 constituteproject.org Nicaragua's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2005 © Oxford University Press, Inc. Translated by Max Planck Institute Prepared for distribution on constituteproject.org with content generously provided by Oxford University Press. This document has been recompiled and reformatted using texts collected in Oxford’s Constitutions of the World. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 19 Feb 2021, 13:07 Table of contents Preamble . 3 TITLE I: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES . 4 TITLE II: THE STATE . 5 TITLE III: NICARAGUAN NATIONALITY . 6 TITLE IV: RIGHTS, DUTIES AND GUARANTEES OF THE NICARAGUAN PEOPLE . 8 Chapter I: Individual Rights . 8 Chapter II: Political Rights . 13 Chapter III: Social Rights . 14 Chapter IV: Rights of the Family . 16 Chapter V: Labor Rights . 18 Chapter VI: Rights of the Communities of the Atlantic Coast . 19 TITLE V: NATIONAL DEFENSE . 20 TITLE VI: NATIONAL ECONOMY, LAND REFORM AND PUBLIC FINANCES . 21 Chapter I: National Economy . 21 Chapter II: Land Reform . 23 Chapter III: Of Public Finances . 24 TITLE VII: EDUCATION AND CULTURE . 25 TITLE VIII: THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE . 27 Chapter I: General Principles . 27 Chapter II: Legislative Branch . 28 Chapter III: Executive Branch . 36 Chapter IV: Of the Office of the Controller General of the Republic . 43 Chapter V: Judicial Branch . 44 Chapter VI: Electoral Branch . 47 TITLE IX: POLITICAL ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION . 49 Chapter I: Of Municipalities . 49 Chapter II: Communities of the Atlantic Coast . 51 TITLE X: SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION, ITS REFORM AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS . 52 Chapter I: Of the Political Constitution . 52 Chapter II: Constitutional Control .
    [Show full text]
  • Special Monitoring Mechanism for Nicaragua Preliminary Overview of Results
    INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Special Monitoring Mechanism for Nicaragua Preliminary overview of results June 24, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF THE MESENI’S ACTIONS III. ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE MECHANISM’S MANDATE A. Precautionary and provisional measures B. Technical assistance to the Verification and Security Commission C. Monitoring the human rights situation in Nicaragua D. Keeping the international community informed E. Strategic communication and dissemination strategy F. Technical assistance and capacity building for civil society G. Petitions and cases H. Monitoring the recommendations 2 I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Commission,” “the Inter- American Commission,” or “the IACHR”) has followed with special attention the progressive deterioration of the human rights situation in Nicaragua, in particular since the start of acts of violence as of April 18, 2018. 2. On May 3, 2018, the IACHR announced it had established a Rapid and Integrated Response Coordination Unit (hereinafter referred to by its acronym in Spanish, SACROI) to focus special attention on the human rights situation in Nicaragua through its various mechanisms.1 Given the protests that did not cease against state repression, the President of Nicaragua indicated he was open to convening a National Dialogue, in which the Catholic Church would be participating as a mediator. The Church requested the Commission to visit the country as one of the main conditions for establishing the dialogue forum.2 On May 13, 2018, the state of Nicaragua indicated its consent for the Commission to conduct a working visit “in order to observe in loco the human rights situation in Nicaragua, in the context of the events of April 18 to the present date.”3 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview
    Updated June 30, 2021 Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview U.S. interests in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) almost every country in recession. As a result, poverty and are diverse and include economic, political, security, and inequality have increased throughout the region, and many humanitarian concerns. Geographic proximity has ensured countries may struggle with protracted economic strong economic linkages between the United States and recoveries. The economic setback associated with the LAC, with the United States a major trading partner and pandemic contributed to increased protests in the region in source of foreign investment for many regional countries. late 2020 and 2021. Beginning in late April 2021, mass Free-trade agreements (FTAs) have augmented U.S. protests in Colombia against a pandemic-related tax reform economic relations with 11 countries in the region. LAC is turned into broader anti-government protests. also a large source of U.S. immigration, both authorized and unauthorized; economic and security conditions are Concern about democracy and human rights has increased major factors driving migration trends. in several countries in 2021. Haiti is experiencing heightened insecurity and political unrest against President Curbing the flow of illicit drugs from LAC has been a key Jovenel Moïse, who has ruled by decree since January component of U.S. relations with the region for decades. 2020; legislative and presidential elections are scheduled The flow of illicit drugs—including heroin, for September 2021. The government of Nicaraguan methamphetamine, and fentanyl from Mexico and cocaine President Daniel Ortega has arrested prominent opposition from Colombia—poses risks to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay
    UNHCR organizes vocational training and brings clean water system to the Wounaan communities in Panama Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) UNHCR / M. H. VERNEY OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS l Throughout the Americas UNHCR witnessed a rise in l The Regional Solidarity Resettlement Programme of the the number of regional and extra-regional asylum-seekers Mexico Plan of Action was revamped and confirmed as a and refugees travelling within broader migratory key strategy in providing durable solutions to Colombian movements. refugees in the southern cone. A resettlement l Mexico appointed child protection officers in its National programme for women-at-risk began in Argentina and Migration Institute to protect unaccompanied minors Chile. trapped in massive mixed migratory flows in Central l After receiving a total of 225 Palestinian refugees for America. resettlement, Brazil and Chile began taking active steps to l In Nicaragua, one of the most advanced asylum laws in the assist with their local integration. region was passed by the National Assembly in July 2008. l UNHCR continued to engage with regional entities such l The right to asylum was incorporated into the new as Organization of American States (OAS) and Constitution of Bolivia. MERCOSUR. UNHCR Global Report 2008 281 Working environment Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR continued to be on the agenda at regional forums such as the OAS or the The global economic crisis caused a decline in remittances to Specialized Migratory Forum of MERCOSUR. Training and the region, especially to the Central American countries promotional activities were undertaken in cooperation with whose economies are highly dependent on them.
    [Show full text]
  • Green State Development Strategy: Vision 2040
    Diversified, Resilient, Low-carbon, People-centred VOLUME I POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS, FINANCIAL MECHANISM & IMPLEMENTATION An inclusive and prosperous Guyana that provides a good quality of life for all its citizens “ based on sound education and social protection, low-carbon resilient development, new economic opportunities, justice, and political empowerment. ” Executive Summary Background The Green State Development Strategy: Vision 2040 is Guyana’s twenty-year, national development policy that reflects the guiding vision and principles of the ‘green agenda’: “An inclusive and prosperous Guyana that provides a good quality of life for all its citizens based on sound education and social protection, low-carbon and resilient development, providing new economic opportunities, justice and political empowerment.” The central objective is development that provides a better quality of life for all Guyanese derived from the country’s natural wealth – its diversity of people and abundant natural resources (land, water, forests, mineral and aggregates, biodiversity). The vision of the ‘green agenda’ is centred on principles of a green economy defined by sustainable, low-carbon and resilient development that uses its resources efficiently, and sustained over generations. The development philosophy emphasises the importance of a more cohesive society based on principles of equity and tolerance between ethnic groups – recognising that diversity of culture and heritage is the underlying strength of the country’s human capital. Development objectives therefore seek to improve the health, education and overall well-being of Guyanese citizens, to lift people out of poverty through an economy that generates decent jobs and that provides opportunities for sustaining livelihoods over the long term. For decades, geopolitical events, natural disasters and global commodity price swings have weighed upon Guyana’s development.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts About Nicaragua, “Land of Fire and Water”
    Facts about Nicaragua, “Land of Fire and Water” ◦ Nicaragua is the largest country in Central America. Its area is about 50,000 square miles, which is close in size to the state of Virginia (Virginia is about 43,000 square miles). ◦The capital of Nicaragua is Managua. ◦ Nicaragua is known as the land of fire and water because it has numerous volcanoes and lakes, as well as two coastlines. ◦There are 19 active and extinct volcanoes on the Pacific side of the country. See web cam images and animations of some of Nicaragua’s volcanoes: http://web- geofisica.ineter.gob.ni/webcam/ Locations of some of Nicaragua’s volcanoes ◦ Spanish is the official language and is spoken by most people in Nicaragua. English and some native languages are spoken on the Caribbean coast. ◦ Nicaragua is the second poorest country in the Americas. Most people in the country work hard, but many struggle to have enough to take care of all their basic needs. ◦The school year in Nicaragua is from early February through late November. Because of a limited number of teachers, schools, and resources, the school day is divided into two shifts and all students attend either in the morning or the afternoon. 1 ◦About 4 out of every 10 children in Nicaragua stop attending school by the age of 15, most often because they need to work to help support their families. ◦The country flag has three horizontal stripes: a white stripe in the middle with a blue stripe above and below it. In the center is the national seal, consisting of a triangle which represents equality and justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Eradicating Poverty and Unifying Guyana
    NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Eradicating Poverty and Unifying Guyana A Civil Society Document - AN OVERVIEW - I GUYANA - BASIC INFORMATION • Guyana, with an area of 83,000 square miles or 215,000 square kilometres, is located on the northern coast of South America, and is the only English-speaking country on that continent. It is bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the east by Surinam, on the south and south-west by Brazil, and on the west and north-west by Venezuela. • Guyana is physically divided into four types of landforms: (i) a flat coastal, clayey belt which is about 4.5 feet below sea level, and in which most of its agricultural activity occurs; (ii) a sand belt, to the south of the coastal belt, which includes the Intermediate Savannas; (iii) an undulating, central peneplain which comprises more than half of the country’s area, and in which are located lush, almost pristine, tropical forests, and extensive mineral deposits. This landform stretches from the sand belt to the country’s southern boundary and encompasses, also, the Rupununi Savannas which border Brazil; and (iv) the highlands which are to be found in the midwestern area. This portion of the Guiana Highlands includes the Pakaraima mountain range. • Guyana has a plentitude of natural resources: fertile agricultural lands on the coastal plain and in the riverain areas; vast areas of tropical hardwood forests of various ecosystems and with a multitude of plant and animal species; abundant fish and shrimping grounds, both in its numerous rivers and in the Atlantic Ocean to its north; and a wide variety of minerals, including gold, diamonds, a range of semi-precious stones, bauxite and manganese.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua: Revolution and Restoration
    THE NEW GEOPOLITICS NOVEMBER 2018 LATIN AMERICA NICARAGUA: REVOLUTION AND RESTORATION RICHARD E. FEINBERG NICARAGUA: REVOLUTION AND RESTORATION RICHARD E. FEINBERG EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since independence, Nicaragua has suffered periodic internecine warfare, deep distrust between contending factions dominated by powerful caudillos (strongmen), and interventions by foreign powers. While the United States was frequently a party to these conflicts, local Nicaraguan actors often outmaneuvered U.S. diplomats. At the end of the Cold War, internationally supervised elections yielded an interlude of relatively liberal democracy and alternation of power (1990-2006). To the consternation of the United States, Sandinista Party leader Daniel Ortega regained the presidency in 2007, and orchestrated a successful strategy of coalition-building with the organized private sector and the Catholic Church. Supported by the international financial institutions and the Venezuelan Chavista government, Nicaragua achieved strong economic performance with moderately inclusive growth. President Ortega used those economic resources to gradually capture or suppress—one by one—many of the nation’s political institutions, eroding institutional checks and balances. Ortega’s strategy of co-opting all centers of power extended to the military and national police. The restoration of traditional caudillo politics and the fusion of family-state-party-security forces were all too reminiscent of the Somoza family dynasty (1934-1979). Frustrated by Ortega’s narrowing of democratic
    [Show full text]
  • Declamtion of Intervention Déclaration D'intervention
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTlCE DECLAMTION OF INTERVENTION (Article 63 of the Staiute) OF THE REPUBLIC OF EL SALVADOR filed in the Registry of the Court on 15 August 1984 CASE CONCERNTNG MILLTARY AND PARAMILITARY ACTIVITIES IN AND AGAINST NICARAGUA (NICARAGUA v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE DÉCLARATION D'INTERVENTION (article 63 du Statut) DE LA REPUBLIQUE D'EL SALVADOR - enregistrée au Greffe de la Cour le 15 août 1984 AFFAIRE DES ACTIVTTES MILITAIRES ET PARAMILITAIRES AU NICARAGUA ET CONTRE CELUI-CI (NICARAGUA c. ÉTATS-UNIS DAM~RIQUE) General List No. 70 DECLARATION OF INTERVENTlON OF THE REPUBLIC OF EL SALVADOR INTERVENTION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 63 OF THE STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSïïCE 15 August 1984. 1. I have the honour to refer to the Application of 4 Apnl 1984 filed by the Republic of Nicaragua against the United States of America. The Government of Nicaragua, in a malicious and improper fashion, has assured the Court that El Salvador dms not consider itself the object of armed attack from Nicaragua. In view of these false allegations, the Republic of El Salvador has no alternative but to participate in the proceedings resulting from Nicaragua's Applicat~onof 9 April 1984. Pursuant to Article 63 of the Siatute of the Court and Article 82 of the Rules of . Court, the Republic of El Salvador hereby intemenes by right in the current phase of the proceeding'; resul ting from Nicaragua's Application of 9 April 1984. El Salvador makes this intervention for the sole and limited purpose of arguing that this Court does not have junsdiction over Nicaragua's Application or the claims set forth therein, that for multiple reasons the Court should declare itself unable to proceed concerning such Application and claims, and that such Application and daims are inadmissible.
    [Show full text]