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MAGNUS CARLSEN, Campeón Del Siglo XXI - Pág Magnus Carlsen Campeón del siglo XXI Sus mejores partidas y los Mundiales por GM Miguel Illescas y otros autores Edición: Revista de ajedrez “Peón de Rey” Autor: GM Miguel Illescas y otros autores Fotografía: Anastazia Karlovich, archivo familiar Carlsen, torneos y archivo PDR Diseño y maquetación: Carlos J. Penín Es una publicación de Chess Education and Technology, S.L. EDAMI - Escuela de Ajedrez “Miguel Illescas” C/ Francisco Giner 42, bajos. 08012 Barcelona Tel.: 932385352 – Fax: 934154093 [email protected] - www.edami.com ISBN: 978-84-606-6471-0 Depósito legal: B. 29023-2013 1ª edición diciembre 2013 2ª edición marzo 2015 Impreso en España-Printed in Spain por Villena Artes gráficas Magnus Carlsen Campeón del siglo XXI Sus mejores partidas y los Mundiales por GM Miguel Illescas y otros autores REVISTA DE AJEDREZ Índice de contenidos CAP. TÍTULO PÁG. Prólogo ............................................................................... 7 1. Introducción ...................................................................... 9 2. Sus comienzos ................................................................. 16 3. Primeras actuaciones internacionales ......................... 12 4. Gran Maestro a los 13 años ........................................... 19 5. Futuro campeón del mundo ......................................... 30 6. En la élite ......................................................................... 36 7. Entre los diez mejores .................................................... 60 Entrevista en Linares 2008 ............................................... 64 8. Número Uno del mundo ............................................... 75 9. Un Elo récord .................................................................. 93 Entrevista en Bilbao 2012 ............................................... 163 Entrevista en México 2012 ............................................. 167 10. Candidato al título mundial ....................................... 183 11. Antesala del match por el título ................................. 200 12. ¡Nuevo campeón mundial! ......................................... 223 13. Primer año como campeón mundial ......................... 245 14. Carlsen revalida el título en Sochi ............................. 266 15. El campeón del siglo XXI ............................................ 282 Índice de partidas ............................................................ 302 Índices de jugadores y comentaristas .............................. 304 Índice ECO de Aperturas ................................................ 306 Tabla de principales Torneos ........................................... 308 Lista de Campeones del Mundo ...................................... 309 Símbolos utilizados P Peón N Caballo L Alfil R Torre Q Dama K Rey x Captura ! Buena jugada + Jaque ? Mala jugada # Mate !! Excelente jugada 0-0 Enroque corto ?? Error muy grave 0-0-0 Enroque largo !? Jugada interesante ² Ligera ventaja blanca ?! Jugada imprecisa ³ Ligera ventaja negra = Posición igualada ± Clara ventaja blanca +− Ventaja decisiva blanca ∓ Clara ventaja negra −+ Ventaja decisiva negra N Novedad MAGNUS CARLSEN, Campeón del siglo XXI - pág. 5 Prólogo Esta obra repasa con gran detalle la carrera de Magnus Carlsen desde sus inicios hasta fe- brero de 2015. En una cuidada edición, se pre- sentan profusamente comentadas las mejores partidas de Carlsen en ese periodo, inclu- yendo las más relevantes, para un total de 108 victorias y 4 tablas del campeón noruego. El GM Miguel Illescas dirige y edita esta obra, ofreciendo su personal visión de cada una de las partidas, y analizando a fondo un buen número de ellas. En esa tarea, le han acompañado autores con expe- riencia como el GM Amador Rodríguez y los MI Angel Martín y Mi- chael Rahal, aunque el libro también cuenta con aportaciones puntuales de otros titulados, como los GM Jesús de la Villa, Óscar de la Riva, Jordi Magem y Andrés Rodríguez, y los MI Alejo de Dovitiis y Roi Reinaldo. También se incluyen dos partidas comentadas por el propio Carlsen, y en muchas ocasiones se hace referencia a comentarios de Magnus sobre sus propias partidas, lo cual permite conocer de primera mano el pen- samiento ajedrecístico del triple campeón del mundo. Además de los textos explicativos y las partidas comentadas, el libro incluye un gran número de fotografías, algunas poco conocidas, así como varias entrevistas exclusivas. También se ofrecen las tablas de cla- sificación de los principales torneos y varios índices de referencia. Y como colofón, se incluyen las 21 partidas de los matches por el título mundial contra Vishy Anand en Chennai y Sochi, siete de ellas exten- samente comentadas. En definitiva, esta segunda edición actualizada y ampliada hasta el 2015, es con toda seguridad, la obra más completa y actual en lengua castellana sobre Magnus Carlsen, el campeón mundial del siglo XXI. MAGNUS CARLSEN, Campeón del siglo XXI - pág. 7 1. Introducción Por el MI Ángel Martín pesar de que es todavía muy joven, No le gusta la música especialmente, en cam- la carrera ajedrecística de Magnus bio disfruta mucho del fútbol y lo practica Carlsen es relativamente extensa, muy a menudo. A pues sus primeras competiciones internacionales se remontan al año 2003. Sin Aunque dejó el colegio durante el año que embargo, para hablar de la personalidad de viajó con la familia, tanto él como sus herma- Carlsen es tal vez un poco pronto, pues los nas recibieron educación de sus padres du- primeros años su comportamiento era el que rante el mismo. Él considera que de este cabía esperar de un niño. modo ha aprendido mucho más que durante las clases, que las consideraba algo aburridas. Sin embargo, ya desde el comienzo algunas Uno de los libros que más le gustó fue el de de sus cualidades empezaron a destacar fuer- las partidas de Krámnik, pero cuando le pre- temente. Por ejemplo su interés por el ajedrez guntaron si era su jugador favorito, dijo que y la competición, que no parecía tener límites. no, que no tenía ningún jugador modelo, y No era raro verle jugar partidas rápidas en el que su jugador favorito era él mismo. Internet Chess Club incluso durante los tor- neos, cuando otros utilizan el tiempo para descansar o preparar sus partidas. También su interés por la lectura y en el caso del ajedrez, toda clase de libros que habitual- mente miraba sin tablero. Uno de sus princi- pales entrenadores en los primeros años, el GM Agdestein, destacaba que Magnus era capaz de leer un libro sobre una apertura que no conociese, incluso sin usar el tablero, y a continuación jugarla con gran habilidad. Asi- ARCHIVO FAMILIAR mismo, desde sus primeros años, llamaba la atención su fenomenal memoria, que le per- Magnus Carlsen nació el 30 de noviembre de mitía recordar las partidas y posiciones que 1990 en Baerum, localidad noruega cercana a había estudiado, incluso con las fechas y los Oslo. Su padre, fuerte aficionado al ajedrez nombres de quienes las habían jugado. que anteriormente había tomado parte en competiciones de club en Noruega, le enseñó Su carácter puede parecer bastante reservado a jugar cuando el niño tenía 5 años. para las personas que no forman parte de su círculo de conocidos. Por ejemplo, no le gus- Precisamente, su padre —que suele acompa- tan las entrevistas y no tiene buena relación ñarle a los torneos— ha sido la persona que con los periodistas —especialmente aquellos más ha influido en la carrera de Magnus, a di- que no saben nada de ajedrez— y sus pre- ferencia de otros campeones, en especial en guntas. En una entrevista concedida poco la antigua URSS, que desde pequeños han te- después de ser GM mencionó que le molestan nido renombrados entrenadores, a menudo particularmente tres: “¿Por qué juegas al aje- grandes maestros, que han orientado su ca- drez?” “¿A qué edad empezaste a jugar?” y rrera ajedrecística desde sus comienzos. “¿Qué hay que hacer para llegar a gran maestro?” MAGNUS CARLSEN, Campeón del siglo XXI - pág. 9 1 - INTRODUCCIÓN En el caso de Carlsen, y fuera del ámbito fa- 20 años había ganado los torneos más presti- miliar, la persona que más le ayudó fue el giosos del mundo, incluyendo Linares y Wijk Gran Maestro Simen Agdestein, durante mu- aan Zee, así como el campeonato mundial de chos años el jugador más fuerte de Noruega partidas rápidas (Moscú 2009, aventajando en y que militaba en el mismo club que el padre 3 puntos al gran favorito, Anand). Y también de Magnus. Aunque las sesiones de entrena- antes de los veinte años alcanzó el primer miento eran bastante esporádicas, Agdestein puesto de la lista Elo, lo que ocurrió en enero consiguió orientarle en aspectos importantes de 2010, donde apareció con 2810, cinco pun- cuando el niño apenas contaba 10 años y ya tos más que el segundo, Topálov. había dado muestras de un gran talento. Desde entonces, prácticamente ha dominado Magnus Carlsen consiguió el título de MI en la clasificación mundial de forma ininterrum- el año 2003, con 12 años, pero a comienzos pida (Anand le superó por muy estrecho del 2004 se consagró definitivamente al ganar margen, solo dos puntos, en marzo y mayo el grupo "C" del torneo de Wijk aan Zee, so- de 2011). Y en la lista de enero 2013, Carlsen brepasando ampliamente la norma de GM. obtuvo una puntuación récord de 2861, supe- rando en diez puntos la marca que Kaspárov En sus siguientes torneos logró otras tres nor- tenía establecida desde enero del 2000. Al mas y el título definitivo con 13 años, 4 meses mes siguiente, Carlsen batió su propio ré- y 27 días, convirtiéndose en ese momento en cord, alcanzando los 2872
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