The Right to Education >> an Unfinished Task for Latin America and the Caribbean Chall N3 24 09 06.Qxd 2/10/06 20:04 Página 2
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
chall_n3_24_09_06.qxd 2/10/06 20:04 Página 1 Number 3, August 2006 challenges ISSN 1816-7543 Newsletter on progress towards the Millennium Development Goals from a child rights perspective The right to education >> An unfinished task for Latin America and the Caribbean chall_n3_24_09_06.qxd 2/10/06 20:04 Página 2 editorial summary 02 editorial >> The right to education The right to education ur newsletter once again takes on the challenges set forth by the Millennium O Declaration and the human rights approach 03 agenda embedded in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this issue, we will examine the Recent events right of children and adolescents to education. the voice of children and adolescents Education is crucial for overcoming poverty, Commitment to education /2005/ Fernando Cuellar © UNICEF Paraguay equalizing work opportunities, and promoting greater gender equality and the well-being of new generations. It also provides the foundation for creating future human resources. Indeed, 10 viewpoints from a rights-based approach, education plays a key role in nurturing fair treatment and respect As a teacher, what are towards others, thus reinforcing democratic 04 the main challenges I face principles. analysis and research in ensuring that my The right to education. An students learn effectively? But these positive outcomes do not come unfinished task for Latin about automatically. As the lead article argues, Three teachers express factors such as socio-economic status, rural- America and the Caribbean their opinion urban location, and ethnicity create considerable gaps in terms of access and educational attainment. These gaps are later reproduced in the quality of employment, well-being and the development of skills for modern life. At the same time, the education of girls does not 11 necessarily lead to better jobs, equal salaries or learning from greater autonomy. experience There are also serious difficulties in terms of Educational support the quality of education, fuelled by the poor programmes environmental and learning conditions of schools and the situation of teachers, who are often ill-paid and ill-prepared. While there has been some progress in terms of respect for children’s rights in the classroom, gender equality and intercultural education, the 12 testimonies of teachers show that there is still a did you know...? long way to go in order to overcome all forms © UNICEF Jamaica / 2005 S. Noorani of discrimination and authoritarian practices. This situation reinforces the need to renew efforts towards educational reform. In the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), “Learning from Experience” section, we Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNICEF TACRO) highlight a range of programmes that seek to improve the quality and equity of education by Editorial Committee: Cover photo ECLAC: Martin Hopenhayn + Sonia Montaño + Jorge Rodriguez © UNICEF Dominican Republic / 2005 / L.E. González ensuring that low-income students remain in UNICEF: Susana Sottoli + Egidio Crotti + Carlos Mazuera >> Challenges the educational system, promoting cultural General Coordinator: María Rebeca Yáñez Number 3, August 2006 diversity, and democratizing access to new ISSN print version 1816-7543 technologies. Design and layout: ISSN online version 1816-7551 Paulo Saavedra + Rodrigo Saavedra Copyrights THE EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Contributors: United Nations Publication Garren Lumpkin + Juan Fernando Núñez + © United Nations, August 2006 Tomoko Oka + Francisca Palma All rights reserved Contact: [email protected], [email protected] 2 challenges chall_n3_24_09_06.qxd 2/10/06 20:04 Página 3 agenda the voice of children and adolescents Recent events Commitment to education >> Student protests in Chile >> Second Meeting of the Inter-Governmental Between April and June 2006, high school students in Chile staged tumultuous Committee of the Regional Educational Project for protests, demanding the withdrawal of the Education Law on the grounds that Latin America and the Caribbean (PRELAC). it allows profiteering in the education sector and leads to increased inequality. Planned by UNESCO for 11-13 May, this meeting will facilitate debate Protesters also demanded the elimination of fees for university admission tests about the orientation and quality of education, especially educational and school transport services. curriculum design, with an eye towards the next PRELAC meeting of ministers of education in 2007. María Jesús Sanhueza, spokesperson for the Students’ Coordination http://www.unesco.cl/ing/sprensa/noticias/196.act?menu=/esp/ Assembly, stated: “… we want the Education Law to be properly regulated by the constitution… so as to better ensure the quality of education. Access to education should be guaranteed to all citizens and this must be regarded as a duty of the >> Expert Meeting: “Towards a broader framework of state. The Chilean educational system is plagued by abysmal inequalities. analysis of education in the context of the Millennium Development Goals.” Students of municipal high schools display educational outcomes that are vastly inferior to those of private school students.” Organized by CEPAL, 3-4 August, with the participation of UNESCO / OREALC, this meeting focused on expanding the goal of achieving The protest achieved, among other things, the creation of a Commission on universal primary education. Education that includes the participation of student leaders and proposes http://www.eclac.cl/id.asp?id=26284 reforms to the educational system. >> Working meeting on the identification of tools and >> mechanisms of cooperation for the inclusion of disaster risk management in the educational sector of Latin America 14-16 June, Panama. Organized by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and UNICEF, with the aim of making progress in including disaster prevention issues in the educational La Tercera sector with an emphasis on the primary level. http://www.eird.org/index-eng.htm © Courtesy of the Documentation Centre of the daily >> Meeting of the World Follow-up Team to the Educational Agreements on Education for All (EFA). >> Children and Adolescent Consultations on the Education System in Belize In May, the team in Paris confirmed that Report EFA 2007 will focus on treatment and education at the primary level, Goal No. 1 of the six In April of 2005, a national consultation was conducted in Belize with the goals set at the World Forum on Education (Dakar, 2000). support of the National Committee for Families and Children and UNICEF. http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/gmr2006_download/ECCE_ Through this activity, 175 children and adolescents exercised their right to participate and voice their opinions on three key aspects of the educational outline_es.pdf system: access, investment and quality/relevance of education. Among other http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/global_co/working_group/ objectives, they proposed the following: index.shtml Increase the number of schools that have special education programmes Key Documents and itinerant teachers Promote fundraising in the private and public sectors to support the >> UNESCO, Institute for Statistics / maintenance of schools, creation of libraries and provision of UNICEF, 2005. scholarships; and “Children Out of School: Measuring Exclusion from Ensure that principals are qualified in school management and that Primary Education” teachers receive training in innovative teaching methods . http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev_en.php?ID=6427_201&I D2=DO_TOPIC These recommendations form part of the 10 year Plan of Action for improving the quality of education. >> Chile, Presidential Advisory Council for the Reform of Policies for Children, 2006 Final Report. http://www.consejoinfancia.cl >> UNICEF, ADEA and UNESCO, 2005. Planning Policies for Early Childhood Development: >> Guidelines for Action (Emily Vargas-Barón) http://www.redprimerainfancia.org/aa/img_upload/0b 212a7b71568a8d8c75d183a7feab2e/Planning_ © UNICEF Belice 2004/ César Villar policies.pdf 3 chall_n3_24_09_06.qxd 2/10/06 20:04 Página 4 analysis and research > © UNICEF Jamaica / 2005 S. Noorani The right to education An unfinished task for Latin America and the Caribbean Pablo Villatoro, Consultant and Martín Hopenhayn, Social Affairs Officer, Social Development Division of ECLAC 4 ch chall_n3_24_09_06.qxd 2/10/06 20:04 Página 5 The right to relevant, quality and education is an essential condition for overcoming poverty and >> advancing towards greater equality of opportunities I. Introduction The universal completion of primary education would represent a great step towards the effective fulfilment of the right to The right to education is enshrined in the International Covenant education. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the rate of on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as well as primary education completion for the population aged 15-19 in the principles and goals of the main international rights was 88.1% in 2002 (ECLAC, 2005).2 Nevertheless, there are conventions and summits. It establishes that all children and persistent problems of progression at this level, which result in adolescents are entitled to free, quality education, with the State high rates of grade repetition (Brazil, 21%; Guatemala, 13%; bearing full responsibility for guaranteeing it throughout the life Nicaragua, 11%; and Peru, 10%) far in excess of the figures for cycle. There are three main components to the right to education: