Arteries of the Abdomen

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Arteries of the Abdomen Arteries that supply the abdominal organs and abdominal wall structures originate from the abdominal aorta. About half of resting cardiac output flows through these vessels. The abdominal arteries are all in pairs, except for the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, the celiac trunk, and the median sacral artery. Major Arteries of the Abdomen Artery Area Supplied Description Inferior Inferior surface of Arise from the aorta just below the diaphragm phrenic diaphragm arteries Celiac trunk Branches supply Large unpaired artery divides into common hepatic, splenic, and various abdominal left gastric arteries; A branch of the common hepatic artery, the organs gastroduodenal artery, becomes the hepatic artery proper, whose branches supply the liver; Gastroduodenal and splenic arteries give rise to the right and left gastroepiploic arteries, respectively, that supply the greater curvature of the stomach Superior Branches supply the Large unpaired artery; Branches: intestinal arteries (supply most of mesenteric duodenum, pancreas, small intestine), ileocolic artery (appendix, cecum, and ascending artery and parts of the colon), right and middle colic arteries (part of transverse colon) small and large intestines Middle Adrenal glands Adrenal glands are supplied by the middle suprarenal arteries, as suprarenal well as the superior suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries arteries and the inferior suprarenal branches of the renal arteries Renal Kidneys The left renal artery is shorter than the right arteries Gonadal Ovaries in females One artery for each gonad arteries and testes in males Inferior Branches supply Branches off the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta below the mesenteric parts of the large renal artery branch points artery intestine Lumbar Posterior abdominal There are four pair of these arteries arteries wall structures Median Coccyx, sacrum Supply lower region of the abdominal cavity and base of the spine sacral artery Common Lower abdominal Paired arteries; Supply pelvic organs and lower limbs iliac arteries wall .

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The Anatomy of the Rectum and Anal Canal
BASIC SCIENCE identify the rectosigmoid junction with conﬁdence at operation. The anatomy of the rectum The rectosigmoid junction usually lies approximately 6 cm below the level of the sacral promontory. Approached from the distal and anal canal end, however, as when performing a rigid or ﬂexible sigmoid- oscopy, the rectosigmoid junction is seen to be 14e18 cm from Vishy Mahadevan the anal verge, and 18 cm is usually taken as the measurement for audit purposes. The rectum in the adult measures 10e14 cm in length. Abstract Diseases of the rectum and anal canal, both benign and malignant, Relationship of the peritoneum to the rectum account for a very large part of colorectal surgical practice in the UK. Unlike the transverse colon and sigmoid colon, the rectum lacks This article emphasizes the surgically-relevant aspects of the anatomy a mesentery (Figure 1). The posterior aspect of the rectum is thus of the rectum and anal canal. entirely free of a peritoneal covering. In this respect the rectum resembles the ascending and descending segments of the colon, Keywords Anal cushions; inferior hypogastric plexus; internal and and all of these segments may be therefore be spoken of as external anal sphincters; lymphatic drainage of rectum and anal canal; retroperitoneal. The precise relationship of the peritoneum to the mesorectum; perineum; rectal blood supply rectum is as follows: the upper third of the rectum is covered by peritoneum on its anterior and lateral surfaces; the middle third of the rectum is covered by peritoneum only on its anterior 1 The rectum is the direct continuation of the sigmoid colon and surface while the lower third of the rectum is below the level of commences in front of the body of the third sacral vertebra.
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