Ecmascript: a General Purpose, Cross-Platform Programming Language
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Automatic Detection of Uninitialized Variables
Automatic Detection of Uninitialized Variables Thi Viet Nga Nguyen, Fran¸cois Irigoin, Corinne Ancourt, and Fabien Coelho Ecole des Mines de Paris, 77305 Fontainebleau, France {nguyen,irigoin,ancourt,coelho}@cri.ensmp.fr Abstract. One of the most common programming errors is the use of a variable before its definition. This undefined value may produce incorrect results, memory violations, unpredictable behaviors and program failure. To detect this kind of error, two approaches can be used: compile-time analysis and run-time checking. However, compile-time analysis is far from perfect because of complicated data and control flows as well as arrays with non-linear, indirection subscripts, etc. On the other hand, dynamic checking, although supported by hardware and compiler tech- niques, is costly due to heavy code instrumentation while information available at compile-time is not taken into account. This paper presents a combination of an efficient compile-time analysis and a source code instrumentation for run-time checking. All kinds of variables are checked by PIPS, a Fortran research compiler for program analyses, transformation, parallelization and verification. Uninitialized array elements are detected by using imported array region, an efficient inter-procedural array data flow analysis. If exact array regions cannot be computed and compile-time information is not sufficient, array elements are initialized to a special value and their utilization is accompanied by a value test to assert the legality of the access. In comparison to the dynamic instrumentation, our method greatly reduces the number of variables to be initialized and to be checked. Code instrumentation is only needed for some array sections, not for the whole array. -
Javascript and the DOM
Javascript and the DOM 1 Introduzione alla programmazione web – Marco Ronchetti 2020 – Università di Trento The web architecture with smart browser The web programmer also writes Programs which run on the browser. Which language? Javascript! HTTP Get + params File System Smart browser Server httpd Cgi-bin Internet Query SQL Client process DB Data Evolution 3: execute code also on client! (How ?) Javascript and the DOM 1- Adding dynamic behaviour to HTML 3 Introduzione alla programmazione web – Marco Ronchetti 2020 – Università di Trento Example 1: onmouseover, onmouseout <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Dynamic behaviour</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> </head> <body> <div onmouseover="this.style.color = 'red'" onmouseout="this.style.color = 'green'"> I can change my colour!</div> </body> </html> JAVASCRIPT The dynamic behaviour is on the client side! (The file can be loaded locally) <body> <div Example 2: onmouseover, onmouseout onmouseover="this.style.background='orange'; this.style.color = 'blue';" onmouseout=" this.innerText='and my text and position too!'; this.style.position='absolute'; this.style.left='100px’; this.style.top='150px'; this.style.borderStyle='ridge'; this.style.borderColor='blue'; this.style.fontSize='24pt';"> I can change my colour... </div> </body > JavaScript is event-based UiEvents: These event objects iherits the properties of the UiEvent: • The FocusEvent • The InputEvent • The KeyboardEvent • The MouseEvent • The TouchEvent • The WheelEvent See https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/obj_uievent.asp Test and Gym JAVASCRIPT HTML HEAD HTML BODY CSS https://www.jdoodle.com/html-css-javascript-online-editor/ Javascript and the DOM 2- Introduction to the language 8 Introduzione alla programmazione web – Marco Ronchetti 2020 – Università di Trento JavaScript History • JavaScript was born as Mocha, then “LiveScript” at the beginning of the 94’s. -
Declaring a Pointer Variable
Declaring A Pointer Variable Topazine and neighbouring Lothar fubbed some kaiserships so rousingly! Myles teazles devilishly if top-hole Morlee desists or hunker. Archibald is unprincipled and lip-read privatively as fluorometric Tarzan undersells liturgically and about-ship metonymically. Assigning a function returns nothing else to start as a variable that there is vastly different pointers are variables have learned in Identifier: this failure the arch of a pointer. Let us take a closer look that how pointer variables are stored in memory. In these different physical memory address of this chapter, both are intended only between a pointer variable? You have full pack on the pointer addresses and their contents, the compiler allows a segment register or save segment address, C pointer is of special variable that holds the memory address of another variable. Size of declaration, declare a pointer declarations. Pointers should be initialized either when condition are declared or enjoy an assignment. Instead of declaration statement mean it by having as declared and subtraction have. In bold below c program example, simple it mixes a floating point addition and an integer, at definite point static aliasing goes out giving the window. Pointers are so commonly, a c passes function as well, it will run off, you create and arrays and inaccurate terms of const? The arrow points to instant data whose address the pointer stores. The pointers can be used with structures if it contains only value types as its members. This can counter it difficult to track opposite the error. We will moderate a backbone more fragile this. -
Cygwin User's Guide
Cygwin User’s Guide Cygwin User’s Guide ii Copyright © Cygwin authors Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation provided the copyright notice and this per- mission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. Cygwin User’s Guide iii Contents 1 Cygwin Overview 1 1.1 What is it? . .1 1.2 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with Windows . .1 1.3 Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with UNIX . .1 1.4 Are the Cygwin tools free software? . .2 1.5 A brief history of the Cygwin project . .2 1.6 Highlights of Cygwin Functionality . .3 1.6.1 Introduction . .3 1.6.2 Permissions and Security . .3 1.6.3 File Access . .3 1.6.4 Text Mode vs. Binary Mode . .4 1.6.5 ANSI C Library . .4 1.6.6 Process Creation . .5 1.6.6.1 Problems with process creation . .5 1.6.7 Signals . .6 1.6.8 Sockets . .6 1.6.9 Select . .7 1.7 What’s new and what changed in Cygwin . .7 1.7.1 What’s new and what changed in 3.2 . -
The Elinks Manual the Elinks Manual Table of Contents Preface
The ELinks Manual The ELinks Manual Table of Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................................................ix 1. Getting ELinks up and running...........................................................................................................1 1.1. Building and Installing ELinks...................................................................................................1 1.2. Requirements..............................................................................................................................1 1.3. Recommended Libraries and Programs......................................................................................1 1.4. Further reading............................................................................................................................2 1.5. Tips to obtain a very small static elinks binary...........................................................................2 1.6. ECMAScript support?!...............................................................................................................4 1.6.1. Ok, so how to get the ECMAScript support working?...................................................4 1.6.2. The ECMAScript support is buggy! Shall I blame Mozilla people?..............................6 1.6.3. Now, I would still like NJS or a new JS engine from scratch. .....................................6 1.7. Feature configuration file (features.conf).............................................................................7 -
Undefined Behaviour in the C Language
FAKULTA INFORMATIKY, MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Undefined Behaviour in the C Language BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE Tobiáš Kamenický Brno, květen 2015 Declaration Hereby I declare, that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out by my own. All sources, references, and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Adam Rambousek ii Acknowledgements I am very grateful to my supervisor Miroslav Franc for his guidance, invaluable help and feedback throughout the work on this thesis. iii Summary This bachelor’s thesis deals with the concept of undefined behavior and its aspects. It explains some specific undefined behaviors extracted from the C standard and provides each with a detailed description from the view of a programmer and a tester. It summarizes the possibilities to prevent and to test these undefined behaviors. To achieve that, some compilers and tools are introduced and further described. The thesis contains a set of example programs to ease the understanding of the discussed undefined behaviors. Keywords undefined behavior, C, testing, detection, secure coding, analysis tools, standard, programming language iv Table of Contents Declaration ................................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. iii Summary ................................................................................................................................. -
Assignment 4 Computer Science 235 Due Start of Class, October 4, 2005
Assignment 4 Computer Science 235 Due Start of Class, October 4, 2005 This assignment is intended as an introduction to OCAML programming. As always start early and stop by if you have any questions. Exercise 4.1. Twenty higher-order OCaml functions are listed below. For each function, write down the type that would be automatically reconstructed for it. For example, consider the following OCaml length function: let length xs = match xs with [] -> 0 | (_::xs') = 1 + (length xs') The type of this OCaml function is: 'a list -> int Note: You can check your answers by typing them into the OCaml interpreter. But please write down the answers first before you check them --- otherwise you will not learn anything! let id x = x let compose f g x = (f (g x)) let rec repeated n f = if (n = 0) then id else compose f (repeated (n - 1) f) let uncurry f (a,b) = (f a b) let curry f a b = f(a,b) let churchPair x y f = f x y let rec generate seed next isDone = if (isDone seed) then [] else seed :: (generate (next seed) next isDone) let rec map f xs = match xs with [] -> [] Assignment 4 Page 2 Computer Science 235 | (x::xs') -> (f x) :: (map f xs') let rec filter pred xs = match xs with [] -> [] | (x::xs') -> if (pred x) then x::(filter pred xs') else filter pred xs' let product fs xs = map (fun f -> map (fun x -> (f x)) xs) fs let rec zip pair = match pair with ([], _) -> [] | (_, []) -> [] | (x::xs', y::ys') -> (x,y)::(zip(xs',ys')) let rec unzip xys = match xys with [] -> ([], []) | ((x,y)::xys') -> let (xs,ys) = unzip xys' in (x::xs, y::ys) let rec -
Introduction to Javascript
Introduction to JavaScript Lecture 6 CGS 3066 Fall 2016 October 6, 2016 JavaScript I Dynamic programming language. Program the behavior of web pages. I Client-side scripts to interact with the user. I Communicates asynchronously and alters document content. I Used with Node.js in server side scripting, game development, mobile applications, etc. I Has thousands of libraries that can be used to carry out various tasks. JavaScript is NOT Java I Names can be deceiving. I Java is a full-fledged object-oriented programming language. I Java is popular for developing large-scale distributed enterprise applications and web applications. I JavaScript is a browser-based scripting language developed by Netscape and implemented in all major browsers. I JavaScript is executed by the browsers on the client side. JavaScript and other languages JavaScript borrows the elements from a variety of languages. I Object orientation from Java. I Syntax from C. I Semantics from Self and Scheme. Whats a script? I A program written for a special runtime environment. I Interpreted (as opposed to compiled). I Used to automate tasks. I Operates at very high levels of abstraction. Whats JavaScript? I Developed at Netscape to perform client side validation. I Adopted by Microsoft in IE 3.0 (1996). I Standardized in 1996. Current standard is ECMAScript 6 (2016). I Specifications for ECMAScript 2016 are out. I CommonJS used for development outside the browser. JavaScript uses I JavaScript has an insanely large API and library. I It is possible to do almost anything with JavaScript. I Write small scripts/apps for your webpage. -
Practical Javascript™, DOM Scripting, and Ajax Projects
Practical JavaScript™, DOM Scripting, and Ajax Projects ■■■ Frank W. Zammetti Practical JavaScript™, DOM Scripting, and Ajax Projects Copyright © 2007 by Frank W. Zammetti All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-816-0 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-816-4 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Apress, Inc., is not affiliated with Sun Microsystems, Inc., and this book was written without endorsement from Sun Microsystems, Inc. Lead Editor: Matthew Moodie Technical Reviewer: Herman van Rosmalen Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jason Gilmore, Jonathan Gennick, Jonathan Hassell, James Huddleston, Chris Mills, Matthew Moodie, Jeff Pepper, Paul Sarknas, Dominic Shakeshaft, Jim Sumser, Matt Wade Project Manager: Tracy Brown Collins Copy Edit Manager: Nicole Flores Copy Editor: Marilyn Smith Assistant Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Laura Esterman Compositor: Susan Glinert Proofreaders: Lori Bring and April Eddy Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. -
APPLICATION FUNCTIONS 5 - 1 to 5 - 242 5.1 Type Conversion Functions 5 - 2 5.1.1 Bit Type Word (Signed), Double Word (Signed) Type Conversion
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (Always read these instructions before using this product.) Before using MELSEC-Q or -L series programmable controllers, please read the manuals included with each product and the relevant manuals introduced in those manuals carefully, and pay full attention to safety to handle the product correctly. Make sure that the end users read the manuals included with each product, and keep the manuals in a safe place for future reference. A-1 CONDITIONS OF USE FOR THE PRODUCT (1) Mitsubishi programmable controller ("the PRODUCT") shall be used in conditions; i) where any problem, fault or failure occurring in the PRODUCT, if any, shall not lead to any major or serious accident; and ii) where the backup and fail-safe function are systematically or automatically provided outside of the PRODUCT for the case of any problem, fault or failure occurring in the PRODUCT. (2) The PRODUCT has been designed and manufactured for the purpose of being used in general industries. MITSUBISHI SHALL HAVE NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY BASED ON CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, PRODUCT LIABILITY) FOR ANY INJURY OR DEATH TO PERSONS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY CAUSED BY the PRODUCT THAT ARE OPERATED OR USED IN APPLICATION NOT INTENDED OR EXCLUDED BY INSTRUCTIONS, PRECAUTIONS, OR WARNING CONTAINED IN MITSUBISHI'S USER, INSTRUCTION AND/OR SAFETY MANUALS, TECHNICAL BULLETINS AND GUIDELINES FOR the PRODUCT. ("Prohibited Application") Prohibited Applications include, but not limited to, the use of the PRODUCT in; • Nuclear Power Plants and any other power plants operated by Power companies, and/or any other cases in which the public could be affected if any problem or fault occurs in the PRODUCT. -
NINETEENTH PLENARY MEETING of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 London, United Kingdom September 19-22, 2006 [20060918/22] Version 1, April 17, 2006 1
NINETEENTH PLENARY MEETING OF ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 London, United Kingdom September 19-22, 2006 [20060918/22] Version 1, April 17, 2006 1. OPENING OF PLENARY MEETING (9:00 hours, Tuesday, September 19) 2. CHAIRMAN'S REMARKS 3. ROLL CALL OF DELEGATES 4. APPOINTMENT OF DRAFTING COMMITTEE 5. ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA 6. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 6.1 SC 22 Project Information 6.2 Proposals for New Work Items within SC 22 6.3 Outstanding Actions From the Eighteenth Plenary of SC 22 Page 1 of 7 JTC 1 SC 22, 2005 Version 1, April 14, 2006 6.4 Transition to ISO Livelink 6.4.1 SC 22 Transition 7. ACTIVITY REPORTS 7.1 National Body Reports 7.2 External Liaison Reports 7.2.1 ECMA International (Rex Jaeschke) 7.2.2 Free Standards Group (Nick Stoughton) 7.2.2 Austin Joint Working Group (Nick Stoughton) 7.3 Internal Liaison Reports 7.3.1 Liaison Officers from JTC 1/SC 2 (Mike Ksar) 7.3.2 Liaison Officer from JTC 1/SC 7 (J. Moore) Page 2 of 7 JTC 1 SC 22, 2005 Version 1, April 14, 2006 7.3.3 Liaison Officer from ISO/TC 37 (Keld Simonsen) 7.3.5 Liaison Officer from JTC 1 SC 32 (Frank Farance) 7.4 Reports from SC 22 Subgroups 7.4.1 Other Working Group Vulnerabilities (Jim Moore) 7.4.2 SC 22 Advisory Group for POSIX (Stephen Walli) 7.5 Reports from JTC 1 Subgroups 7.5.1 JTC 1 Vocabulary (John Hill) 7.5.2 JTC 1 Ad Hoc Directives (John Hill) 8. -
The Role of Standards in Open Source Dr
Panel 5.2: The role of Standards in Open Source Dr. István Sebestyén Ecma and Open Source Software Development • Ecma is one of the oldest SDOs in ICT standardization (founded in 1961) • Examples for Ecma-OSS Standardization Projects: • 2006-2008 ECMA-376 (fast tracked as ISO/IEC 29500) “Office Open XML File Formats” RAND in Ecma and JTC1, but RF with Microsoft’s “Open Specification Promise” – it worked. Today at least 30+ OSS implementations of the standards – important for feedback in maintenance • 201x-today ECMA-262 (fast tracked as ISO/IEC 16262) “ECMAScript Language Specification” with OSS involvement and input. Since 2018 different solution because of yearly updates of the standard (Too fast for the “fast track”). • 2013 ECMA-404 (fast tracked as ISO/IEC 21778 ) “The JSON Data Interchange Syntax“. Many OSS impl. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 2 Initial Questions by the OSS Workshop Moderators: • Is Open Source development the next stage to be adopted by SDOs? • To what extent a closer collaboration between standards and open source software development could increase efficiency of both? • How can intellectual property regimes - applied by SDOs - influence the ability and motivation of open source communities to cooperate with them? • Should there be a role for policy setting at EU level? What actions of the European Commission could maximize the positive impact of Open Source in the European economy? Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 3 Question 1 and Answer: • Is Open Source development the next stage to be adopted by SDOs? • No.