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Effects of Emotional Content on Working Memory Updating: Proactive Interference and Resolution Maria Guadalupe Corona

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Effects of Emotional Content on Working Memory Updating: Proactive Interference and Resolution Maria Guadalupe Corona Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 6-2018 Effects of Emotional Content on Working Memory Updating: Proactive Interference and Resolution Maria Guadalupe Corona Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons, and the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Corona, Maria Guadalupe, "Effects of Emotional Content on Working Memory Updating: Proactive Interference and Resolution" (2018). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 526. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/526 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Behavioral Health in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Effects of Emotional Content on Working Memory Updating: Proactive Interference and Resolution by Maria Guadalupe Corona ____________________ A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology ____________________ June 2018 © 2018 Maria Guadalupe Corona All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this dissertation in his/her opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. , Chairperson Grace J. Lee, Assistant Professor of Psychology Xavier E. Cagigas, Assistant Clinical Professor, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience Paul E. Haerich, Professor of Psychology Holly E. R. Morrell, Associate Professor of Psychology iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for my dissertation chair, Dr. Grace Lee, who helped me get through, and complete this project. Without her diligence, direction, and encouragement this would not have been possible. I am thankful for all the guidance and support I received from each of my committee members. In particular, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Paul Haerich, who believed in me from the beginning of my journey and allowed me to join his Psychophysiology of Emotion and Human NeuroCognition Lab. Participating in his lab work, as well as his seminars and lab meetings were key in helping me formulate my ideas and to ultimately design my project. Thanks to Dr. Holly Morrell for her input and kind support. Finally, I am grateful for having had the honor to have Dr. Xavier Cagigas be part of this experience. His advice and guidance have been crucial in my development as a scientist and practitioner. Most importantly, I would like to thank my husband, Martin Corona for waiting these long years with patience and for his love and support. I am also grateful for my beautiful daughter, Mikaella, who has inspired me to continue pursuing my professional and personal goals and ultimately become a better person. Lastly, I would like to thank God for his undeniable presence and unconditional love throughout this journey. iv CONTENT Approval Page .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................x Abstract .............................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 2. Background ..............................................................................................................7 Relevant Major Structural and Functional Theories of WM .............................7 Structural WM Theories ..............................................................................7 Functional WM Theories ...........................................................................12 Dual-Process Models .......................................................................................20 Formal Dual-Process Models of Recognition Memory .............................20 Dual-Process Model of WM ......................................................................22 Irrelevant Information in WM .........................................................................31 WM Updating and Proactive Interference Resolution ...............................41 WM Processes and the N-back Task ..........................................................50 WM and Emotional Content ............................................................................52 Neural Correlates of the Interaction between WM and Emotional Content .......................................................................................................67 3. The Present Study ..................................................................................................70 Experiment 1 ....................................................................................................72 Experiment 1 Method ................................................................................76 v Participants ...........................................................................................76 Stimuli ..................................................................................................76 Design and Procedures .........................................................................77 Experiment 1 Results .................................................................................80 Experiment 1 Discussion ...........................................................................92 Experiment 2 ....................................................................................................93 Experiment 2 Method ................................................................................95 Participants ...........................................................................................95 Stimuli ..................................................................................................95 Design and Procedures .........................................................................96 Experiment 2 Results .................................................................................97 Experiment 2 Discussion .........................................................................105 4. General Discussion ..............................................................................................107 Discussion ......................................................................................................107 Conclusion and Future Directions .................................................................112 References ........................................................................................................................122 Appendices A. Table 3. Participant Characteristics .................................................................128 B. Table 4. Stimuli Characteristics .......................................................................129 vi FIGURES Figures Page 1. List construction diagram for Experiment 1 ..........................................................78 2. 2-back task for Experiment 1 .................................................................................79 3. Mean reaction times for the different trial types in the negative and neutral valence conditions in Experiment 1 .......................................................................82 4. Mean reaction times for the mismatch and n + 1 lure trial types (n + 1 interference effect) in the negative and neutral valence conditions in Experiment 1 ..........................................................................................................83 5. Mean accuracy for the mismatch and n + 1 lure trial types (n + 1 interference effect) in the negative and neutral valence conditions in Experiment 1 ..........................................................................................................84 6. Mean reaction times for the mismatch and n - 1 lure trial types (n - 1 interference effect) in the negative and neutral valence conditions in Experiment 1 ..........................................................................................................85 7. Mean accuracy for the mismatch and n - 1 lure trial types (n - 1 interference effect) in the negative and neutral valence conditions in Experiment 1 ..........................................................................................................86 8. Mean reaction times for the n + 1 and n - 1 lure trial types in the negative and neutral valence conditions in Experiment 1 ....................................................87
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