Niche Partitioning Shaped Herbivore Macroevolution Through the Early Mesozoic ✉ Suresh A
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Conodonts and Foraminifers
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 108 (2015) 117–135 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asian Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes An integrated biostratigraphy (conodonts and foraminifers) and chronostratigraphy (paleomagnetic reversals, magnetic susceptibility, elemental chemistry, carbon isotopes and geochronology) for the Permian–Upper Triassic strata of Guandao section, Nanpanjiang Basin, south China ⇑ Daniel J. Lehrmann a, , Leanne Stepchinski a, Demir Altiner b, Michael J. Orchard c, Paul Montgomery d, Paul Enos e, Brooks B. Ellwood f, Samuel A. Bowring g, Jahandar Ramezani g, Hongmei Wang h, Jiayong Wei h, Meiyi Yu i, James D. Griffiths j, Marcello Minzoni k, Ellen K. Schaal l,1, Xiaowei Li l, Katja M. Meyer l,2, Jonathan L. Payne l a Geoscience Department, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA b Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06531, Turkey c Natural Resources Canada-Geological Survey of Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 5J3, Canada d Chevron Upstream Europe, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK e Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA f Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA g Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA h Guizhou Geological Survey, Bagongli, Guiyang 550011, Guizhou Province, China i College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Caijiaguan, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou Province, China j Chemostrat Ltd., 2 Ravenscroft Court, Buttington Cross Enterprise Park, Welshpool, Powys SY21 8SL, UK k Shell International Exploration and Production, 200 N. Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, USA l Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA article info abstract Article history: The chronostratigraphy of Guandao section has served as the foundation for numerous studies of the Received 13 October 2014 end-Permian extinction and biotic recovery in south China. -
Sauropareion Anoplus, with a Discussion of Possible Life History
The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history MARK J. MACDOUGALL, SEAN P. MODESTO, and JENNIFER BOTHA−BRINK MacDougall, M.J., Modesto, S.P., and Botha−Brink, J. 2013. The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 (4): 737–749. The skeletal anatomy of the Early Triassic (Induan) procolophonid reptile Sauropareion anoplus is described on the basis of three partial skeletons from Vangfontein, Middelburg District, South Africa. Together these three specimens preserve the large majority of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, articulated forelimbs and hindlimbs, and all but the caudal portion of the vertebral column, elements hitherto undescribed. Our phylogenetic analysis of the Procolophonoidea is consonant with previous work, positing S. anoplus as the sister taxon to a clade composed of all other procolophonids exclusive of Coletta seca. Previous studies have suggested that procolophonids were burrowers, and this seems to have been the case for S. anoplus, based on comparisons with characteristic skeletal anatomy of living digging animals, such as the presence of a spade−shaped skull, robust phalanges, and large unguals. Key words: Parareptilia, Procolophonidae, phylogenetic analysis, burrowing, Induan, Triassic, South Africa. Mark J. MacDougall [[email protected]], Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada and Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Sean P. Modesto [[email protected]], Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada; Jennifer Botha−Brink [[email protected]], Karoo Palaeontology, National Museum, P.O. -
8. Archosaur Phylogeny and the Relationships of the Crocodylia
8. Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia MICHAEL J. BENTON Department of Geology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK JAMES M. CLARK* Department of Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA Abstract The Archosauria include the living crocodilians and birds, as well as the fossil dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and basal 'thecodontians'. Cladograms of the basal archosaurs and of the crocodylomorphs are given in this paper. There are three primitive archosaur groups, the Proterosuchidae, the Erythrosuchidae, and the Proterochampsidae, which fall outside the crown-group (crocodilian line plus bird line), and these have been defined as plesions to a restricted Archosauria by Gauthier. The Early Triassic Euparkeria may also fall outside this crown-group, or it may lie on the bird line. The crown-group of archosaurs divides into the Ornithosuchia (the 'bird line': Orn- ithosuchidae, Lagosuchidae, Pterosauria, Dinosauria) and the Croco- dylotarsi nov. (the 'crocodilian line': Phytosauridae, Crocodylo- morpha, Stagonolepididae, Rauisuchidae, and Poposauridae). The latter three families may form a clade (Pseudosuchia s.str.), or the Poposauridae may pair off with Crocodylomorpha. The Crocodylomorpha includes all crocodilians, as well as crocodi- lian-like Triassic and Jurassic terrestrial forms. The Crocodyliformes include the traditional 'Protosuchia', 'Mesosuchia', and Eusuchia, and they are defined by a large number of synapomorphies, particularly of the braincase and occipital regions. The 'protosuchians' (mainly Early *Present address: Department of Zoology, Storer Hall, University of California, Davis, Cali- fornia, USA. The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds (ed. M.J. Benton), Systematics Association Special Volume 35A . pp. 295-338. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988. -
A Mysterious Giant Ichthyosaur from the Lowermost Jurassic of Wales
A mysterious giant ichthyosaur from the lowermost Jurassic of Wales JEREMY E. MARTIN, PEGGY VINCENT, GUILLAUME SUAN, TOM SHARPE, PETER HODGES, MATT WILLIAMS, CINDY HOWELLS, and VALENTIN FISCHER Ichthyosaurs rapidly diversified and colonised a wide range vians may challenge our understanding of their evolutionary of ecological niches during the Early and Middle Triassic history. period, but experienced a major decline in diversity near the Here we describe a radius of exceptional size, collected at end of the Triassic. Timing and causes of this demise and the Penarth on the coast of south Wales near Cardiff, UK. This subsequent rapid radiation of the diverse, but less disparate, specimen is comparable in morphology and size to the radius parvipelvian ichthyosaurs are still unknown, notably be- of shastasaurids, and it is likely that it comes from a strati- cause of inadequate sampling in strata of latest Triassic age. graphic horizon considerably younger than the last definite Here, we describe an exceptionally large radius from Lower occurrence of this family, the middle Norian (Motani 2005), Jurassic deposits at Penarth near Cardiff, south Wales (UK) although remains attributable to shastasaurid-like forms from the morphology of which places it within the giant Triassic the Rhaetian of France were mentioned by Bardet et al. (1999) shastasaurids. A tentative total body size estimate, based on and very recently by Fischer et al. (2014). a regression analysis of various complete ichthyosaur skele- Institutional abbreviations.—BRLSI, Bath Royal Literary tons, yields a value of 12–15 m. The specimen is substantially and Scientific Institution, Bath, UK; NHM, Natural History younger than any previously reported last known occur- Museum, London, UK; NMW, National Museum of Wales, rences of shastasaurids and implies a Lazarus range in the Cardiff, UK; SMNS, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, lowermost Jurassic for this ichthyosaur morphotype. -
Ontogenetic Change in the Temporal Region of the Early Permian Parareptile Delorhynchus Cifellii and the Implications for Closure of the Temporal Fenestra in Amniotes
RESEARCH ARTICLE Ontogenetic Change in the Temporal Region of the Early Permian Parareptile Delorhynchus cifellii and the Implications for Closure of the Temporal Fenestra in Amniotes Yara Haridy*, Mark J. Macdougall, Diane Scott, Robert R. Reisz Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada * [email protected] a11111 Abstract A juvenile specimen of Delorhynchus cifellii, collected from the Early Permian fissure-fill deposits of Richards Spur, Oklahoma, permits the first detailed study of cranial ontogeny in this parareptile. The specimen, consisting of a partially articulated skull and mandible, exhib- OPEN ACCESS its several features that identify it as juvenile. The dermal tuberosities that ornament the dor- Citation: Haridy Y, Macdougall MJ, Scott D, Reisz sal side and lateral edges of the largest skull of D. cifellii specimens, are less prominent in RR (2016) Ontogenetic Change in the Temporal the intermediate sized holotype, and are absent in the new specimen. This indicates that the Region of the Early Permian Parareptile new specimen represents an earlier ontogenetic stage than all previously described mem- Delorhynchus cifellii and the Implications for bers of this species. In addition, the incomplete interdigitation of the sutures, most notably Closure of the Temporal Fenestra in Amniotes. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0166819. doi:10.1371/journal. along the fronto-nasal contact, plus the proportionally larger sizes of the orbit and temporal pone.0166819 fenestrae further support an early ontogenetic stage for this specimen. Comparisons Editor: Thierry Smith, Royal Belgian Institute of between this juvenile and previously described specimens reveal that the size and shape of Natural Sciences, BELGIUM the temporal fenestra in Delorhynchus appear to vary through ontogeny, due to changes in Received: July 18, 2016 the shape and size of the bordering cranial elements. -
The Origins of Dinosauria: Much Ado About Nothing
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library [Palaeontology, Vol. 57, Part 3, 2014, pp. 469–478] FRONTIERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY THE ORIGINS OF DINOSAURIA: MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING by MAX C. LANGER Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de S~ao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900,14040-901, Ribeir~ao Preto, SP Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] Typescript received 19 February 2014; accepted in revised form 7 March 2014 Abstract: Research this century has greatly improved our early members of the main dinosauromorph lineages and knowledge of the origin and early radiation of dinosaurs. requires a more meticulous assessment of characters and The unearthing of several new dinosaurs and close out- homologies than those recently conducted. Presently, the groups from Triassic rocks from various parts of the oldest uncontroversial dinosaur records come from Late world, coupled with improved phylogenetic analyses, has Triassic (Carnian) rocks of South America, southern Africa set a basic framework in terms of timing of events and and India, hinting at a south-western Pangaea origin of the macroevolutionary patterns. However, important parts of group. Besides, macroevolutionary approaches suggest that the early dinosauromorph evolutionary history are still the rise of dinosaurs was a more gradual process than pre- poorly understood, rendering uncertain the phylogenetic viously understood. Obviously, these tentative scenarios position of silesaurids as either non-dinosaur Dinosaurifor- need to be tested by new fossil finds, which should also mes or ornithischians, as well as that of various early help close the major gaps recognized in the fossil record of saurischians, such as Eoraptor lunensis and herrerasaurs, as Triassic dinosauromorphs. -
Early Triassic (Induan) Radiolaria and Carbon-Isotope Ratios of a Deep-Sea Sequence from Waiheke Island, North Island, New Zealand Rie S
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Palaeoworld 20 (2011) 166–178 Early Triassic (Induan) Radiolaria and carbon-isotope ratios of a deep-sea sequence from Waiheke Island, North Island, New Zealand Rie S. Hori a,∗, Satoshi Yamakita b, Minoru Ikehara c, Kazuto Kodama c, Yoshiaki Aita d, Toyosaburo Sakai d, Atsushi Takemura e, Yoshihito Kamata f, Noritoshi Suzuki g, Satoshi Takahashi g , K. Bernhard Spörli h, Jack A. Grant-Mackie h a Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University 790-8577, Japan b Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Culture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan c Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University 783-8502, Japan d Department of Geology, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan e Geosciences Institute, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Hyogo 673-1494, Japan f Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-0841, Japan g Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan h Geology, School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Received 23 June 2010; received in revised form 25 November 2010; accepted 10 February 2011 Available online 23 February 2011 Abstract This study examines a Triassic deep-sea sequence consisting of rhythmically bedded radiolarian cherts and shales and its implications for early Induan radiolarian fossils. The sequence, obtained from the Waipapa terrane, Waiheke Island, New Zealand, is composed of six lithologic Units (A–F) and, based on conodont biostratigraphy, spans at least the interval from the lowest Induan to the Anisian. -
Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida
Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series Christian F. Kammerer Kenneth D. Angielczyk Jörg Fröbisch Editors Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida Chapter 17 Vertebrate Paleontology of Nooitgedacht 68: A Lystrosaurus maccaigi-rich Permo-Triassic Boundary Locality in South Africa Jennifer Botha-Brink, Adam K. Huttenlocker, and Sean P. Modesto Abstract The farm Nooitgedacht 68 in the Bethulie Introduction District of the South African Karoo Basin contains strata that record a complete Permo-Triassic boundary sequence The end-Permian extinction, which occurred 252.6 Ma ago providing important new data regarding the end-Permian (Mundil et al. 2004), is widely regarded as the most cata- extinction event in South Africa. Exploratory collecting has strophic mass extinction in Earth’s history (Erwin 1994). yielded at least 14 vertebrate species, making this locality Much research has focused on the cause(s) of the extinction the second richest Permo-Triassic boundary site in South (e.g., Renne et al. 1995; Wignall and Twitchett 1996; Knoll Africa. Furthermore, fossils include 50 specimens of the et al. 1996; Isozaki 1997; Krull et al. 2000; Hotinski et al. otherwise rare Late Permian dicynodont Lystrosaurus 2001; Becker et al. 2001, 2004; Sephton et al. 2005), the maccaigi. As a result, Nooitgedacht 68 is the richest paleoecology and paleobiology of the flora and fauna prior L. maccaigi site known. The excellent preservation, high to and during the event (e.g., Ward et al. 2000; Smith and concentration of L. maccaigi, presence of relatively rare Ward 2001; Wang et al. 2002; Gastaldo et al. 2005) and the dicynodonts such as Dicynodontoides recurvidens and consequent recovery period (Benton et al. -
Comparative Bone Microstructure of Three Archosauromorphs from the Carnian, Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina
Comparative bone microstructure of three archosauromorphs from the Carnian, Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina JORDI ALEXIS GARCIA MARSÀ, FEDERICO L. AGNOLÍN, and FERNANDO E. NOVAS Marsà, J.A.G., Agnolín, F.L., and Novas, F.E. 2020. Comparative bone microstructure of three archosauromorphs from the Carnian, Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65 (2): 387–398. The Chañares Formation exhibits one of the most important archosauriform records of early Carnian ecosystems. Here we present new data on the palaeohistology of Chañares archosauriforms and provide new insights into their paleobiology, as well as possible phylogenetically informative traits. Bone microstructure of Lagerpeton chanarensis and Tropidosuchus romeri is dominated by fibro-lamellar tissue and dense vascularization. On the other hand, Chanaresuchus bonapartei is more densely vascularized, but with cyclical growth characterized by alternate fibro-lamellar, parallel-fibered and lamellar-zonal tissues. Dense vascularization and fibro-lamellar tissue imply fast growth and high metabolic rates for all these taxa. These histological traits may be tentatively interpreted as a possible adaptative advantage in front of Chañares Formation environmental conditions. Key words: Archosauromorpha, Lagerpeton, Tropidosuchus, paleobiology, paleohistology, Mesozoic, South America. Jordi Alexis Garcia Marsà [[email protected]] and Fernando E. Novas [[email protected]], Labora- torio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, -
Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna. -
' Or ''Long'' Rhaetian? Astronomical Calibration of Austrian Key Sections
”Short” or ”long” Rhaetian ? Astronomical calibration of Austrian key sections Bruno Galbrun, Slah Boulila, Leopold Krystyn, Sylvain Richoz, Silvia Gardin, Annachiara Bartolini, Martin Maslo To cite this version: Bruno Galbrun, Slah Boulila, Leopold Krystyn, Sylvain Richoz, Silvia Gardin, et al.. ”Short” or ”long” Rhaetian ? Astronomical calibration of Austrian key sections. Global and Planetary Change, Elsevier, 2020, 192, pp.103253. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103253. hal-02884087 HAL Id: hal-02884087 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02884087 Submitted on 29 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Galbrun B., Boulila S., Krystyn L., Richoz S., Gardin S., Bartolini A., Maslo M. (2020). « Short » or « long » Rhaetian ? Astronomical calibration of Austrian key sections. Global Planetary Change. Vol. 192C. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103253 « Short » or « long » Rhaetian ? Astronomical calibration of Austrian key sections Bruno Galbruna,*, Slah Boulilaa, Leopold Krystynb, Sylvain Richozc,d, Silvia Gardine, Annachiara -
Was a Global Carnian Pluvial Event Responsible for the Origin of the Dinosaurs?
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-13185, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Was a global Carnian Pluvial Event responsible for the origin of the dinosaurs? Randall Irmis (1), Adriana Mancuso (2), Cecilia Benavente (2), Jessica Whiteside (3), and Roland Mundil (4) (1) Natural History Museum of Utah and Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1214, USA ([email protected]), (2) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina, (3) Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom, (4) Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA The Late Triassic Period was a pivotal time in Earth history during a hothouse world with high atmospheric CO2, and included the origin of many animal groups that dominated ecosystems for the rest of the Mesozoic. One sud- den climate event during this time that has received renewed attention is the Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) (or Humid Phase/Wet Intermezzo), which some recent authors suggest was responsible for the origin and early di- versification of dinosaurs. The CPE began during the middle Julian (>231 Ma), and is associated with warming, increased precipitation, perturbation of the carbon cycle, enhanced weathering, and disruption of the carbonate factory. Most of this evidence comes from marine sections in the Tethys region, so the global extent of the CPE is poorly supported. Furthermore, precise and accurate absolute age constraints for key CPE sections are lacking. To help rectify this situation, we present new multiproxy paleoenvironmental evidence from Carnian lacustrine strata in Argentina (∼45◦S paleolatitude) calibrated by a new high-precision U-Pb CA-TIMS zircon age from an interbedded tuff.