Infosys Prize 2011 the Infosys Science Foundation

Prof. Kalyanmoy Deb Engineering and Computer Science

Prof. Kannan Dr. Imran Siddiqi Soundararajan Life Sciences Mathematical Sciences

Prof. Sriram Prof. Raghuram Ramaswamy G. Rajan Physical Sciences Social Sciences – Economics

Dr. Pratap Bhanu Mehta Social Sciences – Political Science and International Relations

Infosys Science Foundation Infosys Science Foundation Infosys Campus, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100 Tel: 91 80 2852 0261 Fax: 91 80 2852 0362 Email: [email protected] www.infosys-science-foundation.com Infosys Prize 2011 The Infosys Science Foundation

Securing India's scientific future

The Infosys Science Foundation, a not-for-profit trust, was set up in February 2009 by Infosys and some members of its Board. The Foundation instituted the Infosys Prize, an annual award, to honor outstanding achievements of researchers and scientists across five categories: Engineering and Computer Science, Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social Sciences, each carrying a prize of R50 Lakh.

The award intends to celebrate success and stand as a marker of excellence in scientific research.

A jury comprising eminent leaders in each of these fields comes together to evaluate the achievements of the nominees against the standards of international research, placing the winners on par with the finest researchers in the world.

Carl Edward Sagan 1934 – 1996 Astronomer, Astrophysicist, Author, Science Evangelist Prof. Kalyanmoy Deb Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, IIT Kanpur, India Engineering and Computer Science

The Infosys Prize for Engineering and Computer Science is awarded to Professor Kalyanmoy Deb for his contributions to the emerging field of Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization (EMO) that has led to advances in non‑linear constraints; decision uncertainty; programming and numerical methods; computational efficiency of large‑scale problems and optimization algorithms.

Kalyanmoy Deb received Scope and impact of work is routinely employed and has been his Bachelor's degree in adopted in commercial optimization Mechanical Engineering from Prof. Kalyanmoy Deb's seminal work software such as iSight, ModeFRONTIER IIT Kharagpur in 1985, and his in 1995 used a population-based and VisualDoc. Ph.D. in Engineering from the evolutionary optimization method His study on ‘equivalence of algorithms’ University of Alabama. He was and for the first time suggested a resulted in establishing algorithmic a Visiting Research Assistant computationally efficient algorithm to similarities between different Professor in the Department find multiple Pareto-Optimal solutions in optimization methods. This enabled of General Engineering at the a single simulation. His work on Non- researchers to not only compare and University of Illinois, Urbana dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm contrast different algorithms for Champaign between 1991 and (NSGA) and subsequent 2002 algorithm optimization, but also to improve an 1992 and worked at the Illinois (NSGA-II) integrated the mathematical algorithm's performance by borrowing Genetic Algorithms Laboratory partial ordering concept and the Karush- key operations from another algorithm. (IlliGAL). He later joined IIT Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions Deb's research is helping to unify and Kanpur and established the with an evolutionary algorithm bring different optimization fields Kanpur Genetic Algorithms framework. For the past decade, (classical, evolutionary and others) closer Laboratory (KanGAL) in 1997. Deb's NSGA-II implementation and its commercialization by a number of together. Deb is the author of more software companies enabled academic than 280 research papers. researchers and industrial practitioners Citation by the jury He holds an Adjunct Professor to discover multiple trade-off solutions, Prof. Kalyanmoy Deb has made position at the Department and helped them to analyze the solutions fundamental contributions to the of Information and Service before choosing a single one. Economy at Aalto University emerging field of Evolutionary Multi- School of Economics, Helsinki, In 2003, Deb made a major contribution objective Optimization (EMO) where his Finland. In addition, he is by suggesting the concept of innovization work has led to significant advances a Velux Foundation Guest – a procedure to discover innovative in the areas of non-linear constraints, Professor at the Technical solution principles through multi-criteria decision uncertainty, programming and University of Denmark. He is a optimization. Since the Pareto-Optimal numerical methods, computational fellow of the Indian National solutions are all optimal corresponding efficiency of large-scale problems Science Academy (INSA), to different trade-offs among search and optimization algorithms. He has Indian National Academy of objectives, Deb argued and demonstrated demonstrated how fundamental ideas of Engineering (INAE), Indian that these solutions must have some optimization and computing principles Academy of Sciences (IASc), common principles that qualify them can be combined to devise efficient International Society of Genetic to be optimal. He then suggested a algorithms that are fast, accurate and and Evolutionary Computation systematic data mining procedure to scalable. His recent studies on handling (ISGEC) and the Institute of unveil such valuable principles in many challenging practical multi-criteria Electrical and Electronics real-world design and other problem- optimization problems make his research Engineers (IEEE). solving tasks. pragmatic and applicable to multiple disciplines. Deb's research addresses A number of Deb's proposed algorithms both fundamental and applied aspects of have become standard practice optimization, developed synergistic and within the evolutionary optimization computationally efficient algorithms, community. His optimization algorithm and demonstrates their usefulness in for handling real-valued parameters industries such as logistics and refineries. using probability-based search operators

Infosys Prize 2011 Dr. Imran Siddiqi Group Leader, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India Life Sciences

The Infosys Prize for Life Sciences is awarded to Doctor Imran Siddiqi for his breakthrough contributions to the basic understanding of clonal seed formation in plants which can be applied to revolutionize agriculture, especially in the developing world.

Imran Siddiqi was awarded Scope and impact of work using screens for sterile mutants, work a Master of Science degree conducted entirely in his own laboratory in Chemistry by the Indian A long standing Grand Challenge in in India. This approach yielded a single Institute of Technology, plant genetics is to bring apomixis gene DYAD/SWITCH1 (SWI1), which Bombay in 1981. He obtained into crops so that vigorous hybrids can bring about functional apomeiosis, his Ph.D. from the University could be propagated through seeds. a functional component of apomixis. of Oregon, working on genetic Dr. Imran Siddiqi has made breakthrough Siddiqi and his colleagues then conceived recombination in bacteriophage contributions to the basic understanding a way to convert the clonal gametes and studying under the of clonal seed formation in plants. The produced in the dyad mutant background guidance of Prof. Franklin Stahl, study of asexual (clonal) seed formation, into seeds. in 1989. Following post-doctoral or apomixes, has an interesting history that lies in the origins of the field of work at the Indian Institute of Citation by the jury Science, Bangalore, he joined genetics itself. Gregor Mendel, after CSIR-Centre for Cellular and conducting his classic experiments Dr. Imran Siddiqi has made breakthrough Molecular Biology (CCMB), on peas that laid the foundations contributions to the basic understanding Hyderabad in 1992, where he of genetics, attempted to apply his of clonal seed formation in plants. established a research group findings to other plants. Mendel picked Apomixis (asexual reproduction) could in plant genetics. His current hawkweed, which reproduced through revolutionize agriculture for poor farmers research interest is in meiosis asexual seed formation and hence did in developing countries. The seeds that and gametogenesis in plants, not follow the rules of segregation that hybrids produce do not show the same and on apomixis. He is a fellow he had discovered in peas. Soon after vigor because sexual reproduction of the Indian Academy of the rediscovery of Mendel's work at eventually eliminates their beneficial th Sciences and a member of the the beginning of the 20 century, the traits. A long standing Grand Challenge editorial boards of the Journal phenomenon of apomixis was recognized in plant genetics is to bring apomixis of Biosciences, Journal of Genetics, as a type of asexual reproduction into crops so that vigorous hybrids BMC Plant Biology, and Journal of through seeds, a form of reproduction could be propagated through seeds. Integrative Plant Biology. that is found in a small number of plant The molecular mechanisms underlying species. apomixis are unknown. Siddiqi not only laid the fundamental groundwork for It is now recognized that clonal understanding these processes, but he reproduction in seed plants could has recently made major advances in revolutionize agriculture for poor engineering apomixis in plants. Working farmers, especially in developing in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, countries. The seeds that hybrids Siddiqi isolated some of the first plant produce do not show the same vigor genes that can be used to engineer because sexual reproduction eventually apomixis, the clonal production of seeds. eliminates their beneficial traits. Siddiqi and his colleagues immediately The molecular mechanisms underlying conceived a way to apply this knowledge apomixis are unknown. Siddiqi not only to the first steps of engineering hybrid laid the fundamental groundwork for vigor in crops. The global agricultural understanding these processes, but community expects these innovations he has recently made major advances will lead to successful engineering of in engineering apomixis in plants. apomixis in the future, and hopefully to Working in the model plant Arabidopsis its implementation in crops. thaliana, Siddiqi began to study meiosis

Infosys Prize 2011 Prof. Kannan Soundararajan Director of the Mathematics Research Center (MRC), Professor of Mathematics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA Mathematical Sciences

The Infosys Prize for Mathematical Sciences is awarded to Professor Kannan Soundararajan for the analytic theory of L-functions which led to the resolution of the holomorphic quantum unique ergodicity conjecture.

Before joining Stanford Scope and impact of work Citation by the jury University in 2006, Kannan Soundararajan was a professor Prof. Kannan Soundararajan is a Prof. Kannan Soundararajan has made at the University of Michigan, top analytic number theorist whose fundamental contributions to analytic where he had pursued his contributions to mathematics are in number theory. These include numerous undergraduate studies. the great tradition of G. H. Hardy, John brilliant breakthroughs in well known Littlewood and Srinivasa Ramanujan. and difficult problems, as well as the Soundararajan was awarded His recent work brings out the beautiful resolution of some that have been the inaugural Morgan Prize connections between classical number open for a long time. In particular, his in 1995, the same year he theory and quantum physics. recent development of new unexpected graduated from Michigan, for techniques to study the critical values The relationship between classical his work in analytic number of general zeta functions has led to the mechanics and their quantum analogs theory. His main research proof of the Quantum Unique Ergodicity is a problem of great interest to both interest is number theory, Conjecture for classical holomorphic mathematicians and physicists. Classical especially L-functions and modular forms. Many of the analytic and systems can be chaotic but still have multiplicative number theory. combinatorial tools that Soundararajan lots of periodic orbits. In their quantum In 1998, he received a Ph.D. and his collaborators have developed, in versions the distribution of mass in from Princeton University works ranging from prime numbers and high energy states could in principle where he studied under the sieve methods to character sums and concentrate on these periodic orbits. guidance of Professor Peter zeta functions, have become standard Sarnak. He has held positions These classical chaotic systems have tools for researchers in these fields. at Princeton University, the number theoretic analogs. The Quantum Institute of Advanced Study Ergodicity Conjecture of Zeev Rudnick and the University of Michigan. and Peter Sarnak asserts that in these He was awarded the Salem contexts, the high energy states do not Prize in 2003 “for contributions concentrate on the periodic orbits, but to the area of Dirichlet spread out evenly. The recent work of L-functions and related Soundararajan and Roman Holowinsky character sums”. He also proves a holomorphic analog of the won the SASTRA Ramanujan conjecture. Prize in 2005 along with Their ingenious proof sidesteps the Manjul Bhargava for his still unproven Generalized Riemann contributions to number Hypothesis, establishing instead some theory. Soundararajan was carefully crafted consequences of the an invited speaker at the latter, which are shown to suffice for 2010 International Congress their application. of Mathematicians held in Hyderabad.

Infosys Prize 2011 Prof. Sriram Ramaswamy Professor, Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Physical Sciences

The Infosys Prize for Physical Sciences is awarded to Professor Sriram Rajagopal Ramaswamy for his pioneering work in the field of active matter that enables a detailed exploration into several aspects of the collective behavior of living systems as interacting mechanical entities with distributed input and dissipation of energy.

Sriram Ramaswamy completed Scope and impact of work and the stress they create in the fluid his schooling at the Modern which are expressed through their School, New Delhi, and Prof. Sriram Ramaswamy's current concentration and orientation fields and obtained his Bachelor's degree research, on the mechanics and statistics not a detailed particle-scale description. in Physics from the University of active matter, is the most exciting and Ramaswamy's work thus opened a new of Maryland in 1977. He influential of his career so far. He uses frontier in non-equilibrium statistical received his Ph.D. in Physics simple yet powerful arguments based on mechanics, extending liquid-crystal from the University of Chicago symmetry and conservation principles hydrodynamics to include particles in 1983 and was a post-doctoral to uncover the strange laws governing that are alive or energized, and stir the research investigator in the the collective behavior of active particles. medium in which they live. Department of Physics at the This includes motile organisms from bacterial to macroscopic scales, motor University of Pennsylvania Citation by the jury from 1983 – 1986. He joined proteins and the cytoskeletal filaments the Indian Institute of Science, on which they walk, the pumps that Prof. Sriram Ramaswamy's work on the Bangalore in 1986, where he maintain the difference between the mechanics and statistics of active matter is currently Professor in the ionic conditions within and outside a has given birth and shape to this rapidly Centre for Condensed Matter living cell, and artificial self-propelled growing field. He has used simple yet Theory (CCMT), Department of particles such as catalytic colloids. powerful arguments based on symmetry Physics. He is also an Adjunct The common feature, from the physicist's and conservation principles to uncover Professor at the International point of view, is that these objects are the strange laws governing the collective Centre for Theoretical Sciences, endowed with internal machinery behavior of active particles in a medium, Tata Institute of Fundamental that takes up energy and turns it into which could be motor proteins walking Research (TIFR), Bangalore, and systematic motion. on cytoskeletal filaments, or schools of fish swimming in an ocean and forming member, Condensed Matter Motile creatures are often seen to move a pattern. He was the first to conceive of Theory Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru in large, coherent groups called flocks. an order parameter description of living Centre for Advanced Scientific The first theories of flocking approximate matter that was connected to stresses Research, Bangalore. the medium in which the creatures move and strains, to elasticity, hydrodynamics by an inert frictional substrate, thus and thermodynamics. The body of work missing some striking consequences of by Ramaswamy and his group, starting momentum conservation. Ramaswamy's and illuminating an area considered by work restores this key conservation law, many to be the most interesting recent ultimately responsible for fluid flow and departure in the science of soft matter, the hydrodynamic interaction, and shows has led to a large and growing collection that flocking in a fluid, as appropriate for of theoretical predictions and their bacterial suspensions and fish schools, verification. It has led to significant, is dramatically different. The dynamics controlled experimentation on real are an interplay of two processes: the biological systems as well as on relevant localized uniaxial stress field associated, non-living model systems. in which each active particle sets up flows in the fluid, and these flows in turn orient and move the particles.

The strength of Ramaswamy's approach lies in coarse-graining i.e., the configuration of the active particles,

Infosys Prize 2011 Prof. Raghuram G. Rajan Eric J. Gleacher Distinguished Service Professor of Finance and the Charles M. Harper Faculty Fellow, University of Chicago's Booth School of Business, Chicago, USA Social Sciences – Economics

The Infosys Prize for Social Sciences – Economics is awarded to Professor Raghuram Govind Rajan for his work on financial intermediation, corporate finance and political economy, and the financial and economic underpinnings of the recent crisis.

Raghuram Rajan graduated Scope and impact of work Citation by the jury from the IIT, Delhi. He completed his Master of Prof. Raghuram Rajan's research interests Prof. Raghuram G. Rajan is a brilliant Business Administration at the include banking, corporate finance and scholar whose work has analyzed the IIM, Ahmedabad in 1987 and economic development. He is particularly contribution of financial development received his Ph.D. in Economics interested in the role that finance to economic growth, as well as from the Massachusetts plays in these areas. He has published the potentially harmful effects of Institute of Technology, before extensively in the top economics and dysfunctional incentives that lead to joining the Booth School of finance journals. His publications include excessive risk-taking. He presented Business at the University of “Insiders and Outsiders: The Choice convincing evidence of the possibility Chicago in 1991. between Informed and Arm's-length of a global financial crisis – a subject on debt”, 1992, Journal of Finance, “The Effect which he has been vocal at least from Besides teaching economics of Credit Market Competition on Lending 2005, well before the actual crisis that and finance at the Booth, Relationships”, with Mitchell Petersen, occurred during 2008 – 09. His recent Rajan is currently an economic 1995, Quarterly Journal of Economics, book, Fault Lines, is a masterly overview advisor to the Prime Minister “Financial Dependence and Growth”, with and analysis of the complex interaction of India. He was the Economic Luigi Zingales, 1998, American Economic between financial institutions, Counselor and Director of Review, “Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation governments and people. Rajan has Research at the International and Financial Fragility: A Theory of brought a remarkably broad vision to Monetary Fund from 2003 Banking”, with Douglas Diamond, 2001, the understanding of the financial and to 2007. He has also chaired Journal of Political Economy, “The Great economic crises that currently plague the Indian government's Reversals: The Politics of Financial the world. Committee on Financial Sector Development in the 20th Century”, with Reforms, which submitted its Luigi Zingales, 2003, Journal of Financial report in September 2008. Economics, “The Internal Governance of Rajan's papers have been Firms”, with Viral Acharya and Stewart widely published in all the Myers, 2011, Journal of Finance. top economics and finance Rajan's book Fault Lines: How Hidden journals. He has served on Cracks Still Threaten the World Economy, the editorial boards of the which won the 2010 Financial Times American Economic Review and Business Book of the Year award, the Journal of Finance. Rajan provides a cutting-edge analysis of the was the inaugural recipient complex interaction between financial of the Fischer Black Prize institutions, governments, and people awarded by the American that led to the financial and economic Finance Association in 2003. crises plaguing the world today. He has He was named by Foreign Policy also coauthored a book called Saving magazine in its list of top Capitalism from the Capitalists with Luigi global thinkers and ranked Zingales. first as the economist with the most important ideas in the post‑financial crisis world in a poll conducted by The Economist.

Infosys Prize 2011 Dr. Pratap Bhanu Mehta President, Center for Policy Research, New Delhi, India Social Sciences – Political Science and International Relations

The Infosys Prize for Social Sciences – Political Science is awarded to Doctor Pratap Bhanu Mehta for his contribution to political philosophy and social theory, and also for his insightful analysis of India's politics and public policy.

Pratap Bhanu Mehta holds a Scope and impact of work Indian Parliament as an Institution of Bachelors degree in Philosophy, Accountability (2002) and The Burden of Politics and Economics from Dr. Pratap Bhanu Mehta's work has Democracy (2003). St. John's College, Oxford been characterized by an exemplary willingness to broaden the sphere of University and a Ph.D. in Citation by the jury Politics from Princeton public reason and to question reigning University. orthodoxies. He has remained committed Dr. Pratap Bhanu Mehta has established to institution-building as exemplified by himself as one of India's finest scholars He has earlier held positions his constructive leadership of the Center and public minds, who has inspired a of Visiting Professor of for Policy Research. new generation of intellectual enquiry. Government and Associate He has contributed not only to political Mehta has published widely in the Professor of Government and philosophy and social theory in general, fields of political theory, intellectual of Social Studies at Harvard but has also addressed urgent issues of history, constitutional law, Indian society University, Professor of Indian politics and public policy. Mehta and politics and India’s emerging role Philosophy and of Law and has shown an exemplary willingness in world affairs. Select recent papers Governance at Jawaharlal to broaden the sphere of public reason include “Cosmopolitanism and the Circle Nehru University, and and to challenge reigning orthodoxies, of Reason” in Political Theory (2000); From Visiting Professor at New York while remaining committed to State Sovereignty to Human Security (via University Law School. His institution building, as exemplified by his Institutions) in NOMOS (edited by) Terry research interests include constructive leadership of the Centre for Nardin and Melissa Williams (edited) political theory, constitutional Policy Research. law, society and politics in Humanitarian Intervention (New York India, governance and political University Press, 2005); Self Interests and economy, and international Other Interests in Cambridge Companion to affairs. Adam Smith (Cambridge University Press, 2006); “The End of the Separation of He is a member of the Powers” in the Journal of Democracy (2007); Government of India's National Passion and Constraint: Religious Speech Security Advisory Board. in Indian Law in Rajiv Bhargava (ed.) He was Member-Convenor Politics and Ethics in the Indian Constitution of the Prime Minister of (Oxford University Press, 2007); “The India's National Knowledge Possibility of Religious Pluralism” in Commission. He has also been Thomas Banchoff (ed.), Religion and a member of the Supreme Conflict (Oxford, 2008); and “Empire and Court-appointed committee on Representation” in Jacob Levy (ed.) The elections in Indian universities Legacy of Empire (New York: 2011). and has authored papers and reports for the Government He writes for a number of national of India and international and international dailies and is on agencies, including the the editorial board of numerous World Bank, United Nations journals. His publications include Research Institute for Social Oxford Companion to Politics in India, Development (UNRISD) and coedited with Niraja Jayal (2010); Public Department For International Institutions in India: Performance and Design, Development (DFID). coedited with Devesh Kapur (2005);

Infosys Prize 2011 Engineering and Life Sciences Mathematical Sciences Computer Science

Jury Chair Jury Chair Jury Chair

Prof. Pradeep Khosla Dr. Inder Verma Prof. Srinivasa S. R. Varadhan Pradeep Khosla is the Dean of the Inder Verma is Irwin and Joan Srinivasa Varadhan is a professor College of Engineering and the Jacobs Chair in Exemplary Life of Mathematics and Frank J. Gould Philip and Marsha Dowd University Sciences and the American Cancer Professor of Science at the Courant Professor at Carnegie Mellon Society Professor, Laboratory of Institute of Mathematical Sciences, University, USA. As Dean, Prof. Khosla Genetics at the Salk Institute for New York University, USA. He is a serves as the Chief Academic Officer Biological Studies. He is one of the recipient of the National Medal of and the Chief Administrative Officer world's leading authorities on the Science (2011),the Abel Prize (2007) for the College of Engineering. He has development of viruses for gene the Leroy Steele Prize (1996), the been elected as Fellow of Institute of therapy vectors. He is a member of Margaret and Herman Sokol Award Electrical and Electronics Engineers National Academy of Sciences USA, of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, (IEEE), Fellow of American Association Institute of Medicine and Foreign New York University (1995) and the of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), fellow of Indian National Academy of Birkhoff Prize (1994). He also has Fellow of American Association for Science. He was the winner of 2010 honorary degrees from Université Advancement of Science (AAAS), Pasarow award in Cancer research Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris (2003), Fellow of American Society of and the Spector Prize awarded by from the Indian Statistical Institute Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Fellow Columbia University. He received in Kolkata, India (2004) and from the of the Indian National Academy of the Vilcek Foundation prize in Chennai Mathematics Institute (2008). Engineering (INAE) and member of biomedical science in 2008. He has the National Academy of Engineering also been conferred the 1998 National Jurors (NAE). Institutes of Health (NIH) Outstanding Prof. Gopal Prasad Investigator Award. Raoul Bott Professor of Mathematics, University Jurors of Michigan, USA Prof. Kurt Mehlhorn Jurors Director at Max Planck Institute for Computer Prof. Sankar Ghosh Prof. Maxim Kontsevich Science, Germany Silverstein and Hutt Family Professor and Professor at Institut des Hautes Etudes Chair of the Department of Microbiology & Scientifiques, France Dr. R. A. Mashelkar Immunology at the College of Physicians & President of Global Research Alliance and CSIR Surgeons at Columbia University, USA Prof. Ingrid Daubechies Bhatnagar Fellow, India Professor, Department of Mathematics, Prof. Alexander Varshavsky Duke University Prof. Randal E. Bryant Howard and Gwen Laurie Smits Professor Dean of the Carnegie Mellon University School of Cell Biology, California Institute of Prof. C. S. Sheshadri of Computer Science, USA Technology, USA Director of the Chennai Mathematical Institute, India Prof. Venkatesh Narayanamurti Prof. Carla J. Shatz Benjamin Peirce Professor of Technology and Sapp Family Provostial Professor, Prof. Persi Diaconis Professor of Biology and Neurobiology, Public Policy, Professor of Physics, Harvard Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Director, Bio X‑Program, Stanford University of University, USA Mathematics, Stanford University, USA Medicine, USA

Prof. Mariano Barbacid Director, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Spain

Prof. Steve A. Kay Dean-Division of Biological Sciences and Distinguished Professor and Richard C. Atkinson Chair in the Biological Sciences, University of California, USA Physical Sciences Social Sciences

Jury Chair Jury Chair

Prof. Shrinivas Kulkarni Prof. Amartya Sen Shrinivas Kulkarni is the John D. and Amartya Sen is Thomas W. Lamont Catherine T. MacArthur Professor of University Professor and Professor Astronomy and Planetary Science at of Economics and Philosophy at the California Institute of Technology Harvard University. He won the 1998 (Caltech). He is the Director of the Nobel Prize in Economics. His other Caltech Optical Observatories which awards include the Bharat Ratna, the includes the Palomar Observatory and highest civilian honor awarded by the WM Keck Observatory, Hawaii. the President of India, the Senator He has been awarded the Alan T. Giovanni Agnelli International Prize Waterman Prize of the National in Ethics, the Edinburgh Medal, Science Foundation (NSF), the Helen the Brazilian Ordem do Merito B. Warner award of the American Cientifico (Grá-Cruz), the Presidency Astronomical Society and the Janksy of the Italian Republic Medal, Prize of Associated Universities, Inc. the Eisenhower Medal, Honorary Professor Kulkarni is a Distinguished Companion of Honour (UK), and the Alumnus of the Indian Institute of George C. Marshall Award. He is a Technology, Delhi. He was elected a former president of the Econometric Fellow of the National Academy of Society, the International Economic Sciences (2003), Fellow of the Royal Association, the Indian Economic Society of London (2001) and Fellow Association, and the American of the American Academy of Arts and Economic Association. Sciences (1994). Jurors Jurors Prof. Amrita Basu Prof. Dan McKenzie Domenic J. Paino 1955 Professor of Political Professor of Earth Sciences at Cambridge Science and Women's & Gender Studies; Chair University, UK of Political Science, Amherst College, USA

Prof. T. V. Ramakrishnan Prof. Avinash Dixit Hindustan Lever Research Professor, John J. F. Sherrerd '52 University Professor Professor Emeritus of Physics, Banaras Hindu of Economics Emeritus at Princeton University, Varanasi; Distinguished Associate, University, USA Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Indian Institute of Science, India Prof. Kaushik Basu Chief Economic Adviser, Ministry of Finance, Prof. Frank Wilczek Government of India and Professor of Economics Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics, and the C. Marks Professor of International Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Studies, Cornell University, USA

Prof. Harry B. Gray Prof. Michael J. Sandel Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry and Government, Harvard University, USA the Founding Director of the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, USA Prof. Sunil Khilnani Prof. Ramesh Narayan Avantha Professor and Director of the King's India Institute, King's College, UK Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences at Harvard University, USA Trustees

T. V. Mohandas Pai S. D. Shibulal President of the Board of Trustees, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director, Manipal Global Education Services and former Infosys Limited Member of the Board, Infosys Limited A co-founder of Infosys, Shibulal took Pai served as the Chief Financial Officer over as CEO in 2011. He is responsible of Infosys from 1994 to 2006. He led for evolving the company’s business efforts in the areas of Human Resources model towards achieving Infosys’ and Education and Research from 2006 aspirations of becoming the next to June 2011 and is passionate about generation global consulting and IT education reform. services corporation.

V. Balakrishnan N. R. Narayana Murthy Chief Financial Officer, Infosys Limited Founder and Chairman Emeritus, Infosys Limited Appointed Chief Financial Officer in April 2006, Balakrishnan joined Murthy founded Infosys along with six Infosys in 1991 and has served as other software professionals in 1981. Company Secretary and Senior Vice He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan President – Finance. by the Government of India, the Légion d’honneur by the Government of France, and the CBE by the British government.

S. Gopalakrishnan Omkar Goswami Executive Co-Chairman, Infosys Limited Founder and Chairman, CERG Advisory Pvt. Ltd. and Independent Director, Infosys Limited A co-founder of Infosys, Gopalakrishnan served as CEO and MD from 2007 – 2011 Goswami is the Founder and Chairman and was appointed as the Executive of Corporate and Economic Research Co-Chairman in August 2011. He is Group (CERG) Advisory Private Limited. recognized as a global thought leader He has been a consultant to the World and has received several awards Bank, the International Monetary Fund including the Padma Bhushan from the (IMF), the Asian Development Bank Government of India. and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

K. Dinesh Srinath Batni Former Member of the Board, Infosys Limited Member of the Board, Infosys Limited A co-founder of Infosys, Dinesh was the Inducted as a member of the Infosys Head of Quality, Information Systems Board of Directors in May 2000, Batni and the Communication Design Group is responsible for Delivery Excellence till June 2011. across the company.

Deepak M. Satwalekar Bhavna Mehra Managing Director and CEO of HDFC Standard Program Director – Infosys Prize, Life Insurance Co. Ltd and Independent Director, Infosys Science Foundation Infosys Limited Bhavna manages the Infosys Prize, An Independent Director of Infosys, and the newly instituted Infosys Deepak has been the Managing Science Foundation Lectures, focusing Director and CEO of HDFC Standard on expanding their inspirational Life Insurance Co. Ltd. since 2000. and aspirational value. She formerly He has been a consultant to the managed strategic initiatives for Infosys, World Bank, the Asian Development including its relationship with the World Bank, the United States Agency for Economic Forum. International Development (USAID) and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (HABITAT). The Infosys Science Foundation

Securing India's scientific future

The award intends to celebrate success and stand as a marker of excellence in scientific research.

In keeping with its mission of spreading the culture of science, the Foundation has instituted the Infosys Science Foundation Lectures – a series of public talks by jurors and laureates of the Infosys Prize on their work that will help inspire young researchers and students. Infosys Science Foundation Infosys Science Foundation Infosys Campus, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100 Tel: 91 80 2852 0261 Fax: 91 80 2852 0362 Email: [email protected] www.infosys-science-foundation.com Infosys Prize 2011