DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY AND LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC John Garrity, Consultant (Digital Connectivity), Digital Technology for Development,
[email protected] AN ‘EMERGING CONNECTIVITY INNOVATION’ … 30+ YEARS IN THE MAKING How it started: (1990s) How it ended: (early 2000s) “…in the end the financial, technical and business risks associated with Te l e d e s i c could not be retired.” - Tre n Griffin (Te l e d e s i c employee #4) https://www.wired.com/1997/10/teledesic-mounts-lead-in-new-space-race/ https://25iq.com/2016/07/23/a-dozen-things-i-learned-being-involved-in-one-of-the-most-ambitious- http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/L.Wood/constellations/teledesic-3d.html startups-ever-conceived-teledesic/ CONTENTS I. BACKGROUND: SATELLITE CONNECTIVITY AS A MEANS FOR BROADBAND INTERNET II. INNOVATION IN LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS III. IN FOCUS: STARLINK’S DEPLOYMENT, DIFFERENTIATION, AND VIABILITY IV. OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS TO LEVERAGING LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES IN DEVELOPING MEMBER COUNTRIES V. RECOMMENDATIONS: WHAT DEVELOPING MEMBER COUNTRIES CAN DO TO LEVERAGE THE OPPORTUNITY PRESENTED BY LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE CONNECTIVITY FILLS NECESSARY ROLE IN INTERNET ECOSYSTEM Telecommunications Network Infrastructure Elements red lines highlight where satellite is utilized International capacity National backbone (core) Middle-mile (backhaul) Last-mile (access) Regional PoPs Fibre or wireless backhaul Wireless (e.g cellular, Wi-Fi, (microwave, cellular) Fixed wireless access) High-capacity links Base station End User devices (phones, computers, etc.) tower and premises (homes, businesses, etc.) International link (undersea, Wireless (e.g. satellite, Wi-Fi) terrestrial or Fibre-optic satellite) cable landing Satellite backhaul station (GEO, MEO, or LEO) End User devices (phones, computers, etc.) and premises (homes, businesses, etc.) Primary nodes (Points of Presence, PoPs) Fibre or wireless backhaul (microwave, cellular) Wired (e.g.