La Poesia È Una Pipa…»

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La Poesia È Una Pipa…» Giorgio Zanchetti «La poesia è una pipa…» L’unità complessa del linguaggio nelle ricerche artistiche verbo- visuali delle seconde avanguardie ◊ CUEM Milano 2004 Sommario Premessa 7 «La poésie est une pipe». L’unità complessa del linguaggio nelle ricerche artistiche verbovisuali 11 Parola e comportamento in Fluxus. Questioni di metodo e aspetti problematici 47 Quattro piccole prefazioni per Dick Higgins 65 Dick Higgins: l’intermedialità. 79 Il caso come tradizione in George Brecht. 93 Terry Atkinson. Mind the gap! (Attenti allo scarto!) 107 Frammento di un dialogo con Haroldo De Campos 117 L’anamorfosi del linguaggio. Alcune ipotesi Premessa intorno alla scrittura di Martino Oberto. 121 Dialogo con Martino Oberto 136 Per Luciano Caruso. Una mano di scrittura? 149 Irma Blank: il corpo trasparente della scrittura 153 Una nuova logica ludica. Gli oggetti Ho raccolto in questo volume, per metterle a di- “spiazzati” di Guglielmo Achille Cavellini 159 sposizione degli studenti e degli studiosi che si dedicano a questi temi, alcune considerazioni intorno alle ragioni e «Mon vrai repertoire, c’est la vie». Qualche all’interesse delle ricerche artistiche verbovisuali, che mi è coordinata per un accostamento a Rudolf accaduto di esprimere nel corso di poco più di un decen- Muprecht 169 nio e che, ora, possono risultare in parte di difficile repe- ribilità, perché spesso pubblicate in volumi collettivi o in cataloghi di mostre. Non c’é musica nel Texas. Incursioni tra arte, Alcuni dei testi originali sono stati, anche sostan- video e televisione. 179 zialmente, integrati con materiali inediti, rimaneggiati o rifusi, in una stesura più ampia. Nel saggio iniziale che «Tutto ciò a cui rinuncio diventa dà il titolo alla raccolta sono confluiti, in particolare: Sala linguaggio…» Parola e immagine nelle fumatori. Tredici interferenze tra scrittura e immagine, in Ar- ricerche attuali 189 rigo Lora Totino. Il teatro della parola, a cura di M. Bandini, catalogo della mostra (Torino, Circolo degli Artisti e Salo- ne del Libro – Lingotto, maggio-luglio 1996), Torino, Lin- dau, 1996, pp. 121-143, 154-157; «La poésie est une pipe». L’unità complessa del linguaggio nelle ricerche artistiche verbo- visuali, in Text-image, a cura di G. Zanchetti, catalogo della mostra (La Chaux-de-Fonds, Musée des Beaux-Arts – Rovereto, M.A.R.T. – Bolzano, Museion, luglio 1999- febbraio 2000), Milano, A.N.S., 1999; Intorno alla Poesia Visuale: elementi sulle ricerche artistiche verbo-visuali delle seconde avanguardie, in “Materiali di estetica”, n. 6, maggio 2002. 8 Premessa È inedito il Frammento di un dialogo con Haroldo De «En rima greuf a far, dir e stravolger, tut che de li savii eu sia il men savio, Campos, unico avanzo di una lunga conversazione della volgr’il mio sen un poch metr’e desvolger, primavera del 1991 ad essere sopravvissuto ai miei nume- ché de ço far ài trop long temp stad gravio.» rosi traslochi informatici. Anche nel penultimo testo, de- Auliver (s. XIV) dicato alle ricerche attuali, ho abbondantemente integrato le brevi riflessioni su alcuni artisti particolarmente signifi- cativi. Mentre negli altri casi non ho ritenuto opportuno «A moi. L’histoire de mes folies. Depuis longtemps je me vantais de posséder modificare sostanzialmente i testi già pubblicati, in occa- tous les paysages possibles, et trouvais déri- sione di questa edizione. Soltanto pochi passi sono stati soire les célébrités de la peinture et de la poé- in parte ripresi e rivisti, soprattutto per evitare al lettore, sie moderne. J’amais les peintures idiotes, dessus de portes, almeno nei limiti del possibile, la noia di eventuali so- décors, toiles de saltimbanques, enseignes, vrapposizioni e ridondanze. enluminures populaires ; la littérature démo- Se nel loro insieme questi scritti non pretendono di dée, latin d’église, livres érotiques sans ortho- graphe, romans de nos aïeules, contes de fées, costituire un insieme né omogeneo né esaustivo, voglio petits livres de l’enfance, opéra vieux, refrains sperare comunque che il poterli percorrere unitariamente niais, rhythmes naïfs. stimolerà negli eventuali lettori qualche riflessione, resti- Je rêvais croisades, voyages de découvertes dont on n’a pas de relations, républiques sans tuendo, almeno per frammenti, la complessità (ovvero histoires, guerres de religion étouffées, révo- «l’unità complessa» del titolo) di questo insieme di feno- lutions de mœurs, déplacements de races et meni artistici che ha attraversato gli anni Sessanta e Set- de continents : je croyais à tous les enchan- tements. tanta del Novecento, lasciando dietro di sé una traccia J’inventai la couleur des voyelles! — A noir, profonda, ancora attiva nella riflessione teorica e nelle E blanc, I rouge, O bleu, U vert. — Je réglai la produzioni artistiche delle generazioni successive. forme et le mouvement de chaque consonne, et, avec des rhythmes instinctifs, je me flattai d’inventer un verbe poétique accessible, un jour ou l’autre, à tous les sens. Je réservais la traduction. Ce fut d’abord une étude. J’écrivais des silen- ces, des nuits, je notais l’inexprimable. Je fixais des vertiges.» Arthur Rimbaud, 1873 «Ogni parola, in quanto tale, è una generalizzazione.» Lev S. Vygotskij, 1934 «La poésie est une pipe». L’unità complessa del linguaggio nelle ricerche artistiche verbovisuali «Ce sont les REGARDEURS qui font les tableaux. On découvre aujour- d’hui le Greco; le public peint ses tableaux trois cent ans après l’auteur en titre.» Marcel Duchamp, 19571 Trattando, dal punto di vista delle sue più elemen- tari coordinate teoriche, della Poesia Visuale internazio- nale — cioè di quell’ampio e sostanzialmente irresoluto complesso di sperimentazioni artistiche e letterarie che ha attraversato diagonalmente il panorama della nuova a- vanguardia degli anni Sessanta e Settanta del Novecento — è inevitabile spostare la riflessione dall’eterno e rever- sibile “paragone” tra poesia e pittura (già suggerito da un celeberrimo spunto leonardesco2) per ricondurla verso il terreno più praticabile di uno scambio operativo non ge- 1 «Sono i RIGUARDANTI che fanno i quadri. Oggi si scopre il Greco; il pubblico dipinge i suoi quadri trecento anni dopo colui che si chiama autore.» M. Duchamp dichiarazione riportata da Jean Schuster, Marcel Duchamp, vite, in «Le Surréalisme, même», n. 2, primavera 1957, pp. 143-145 (ripubblicata in M. Duchamp, Duchamp du signe. Écrits, a cura 2 «Un oggetto non svolge mai lo stesso ruolo del di Michel Sanouillet e Elmer Peterson, Parigi, Flammarion, 1994 , pp. suo nome o della sua immagine» 247-248). 2 «Ma molto più senza comparazione son le varietà in che s’estende la René Magritte, da Les mots et les images, pittura, che quelle in che s’estendono le parole, perché infinite cose fa- in «La Révolution surréaliste», a. V, n. 12, 15 dicembre 1929, pp. 32-33, rà il pittore, che le parole non potranno nominare, per non avere voca- (Milano, Centro APICE, Università degli Studi) boli appropriati a quelle.» Leonardo da Vinci, Trattato della pittura, col- lazione postuma da manoscritti del 1490-1516 ca. 12 L’unità complessa del linguaggio «La poésie est une pipe» 13 rarchizzato tra i linguaggi e le discipline, puntato verso no, alla fine dell’Ottocento): dal sincretismo delle avan- una comune messa in forma della creazione intellettuale. guardie fino all’analiticità del concettuale e di molte espe- Se affrontato piattamente il problema della corsa rienze correnti, dall’osmosi con le ricerche filosofiche e al primato tra una presunta sfera poetica (nella quale cre- letterarie più avanzate fino al recupero dei linguaggi più azione e concettualizzazione si concreterebbero esclusi- elementari o dei mezzi di comunicazione di massa. È vamente attraverso l’elemento verbale e la sua fissazione chiaro che non soltanto l’artista, ma anche il critico e gli grafica in scrittura) e una presunta sfera artistico-visiva spettatori sono costretti ad utilizzare nuovi strumenti, (luogo della fissazione grafica dell’immagine, sbrigativa- mettendo a punto tecniche di lettura e di analisi più ag- mente intesa come analogo formale del reale) resterebbe, giornate. Altrimenti si correrebbe il rischio di limitarsi al evidentemente, limitato sul piano della disputa fine a se ricalco o alla semplice addizione delle tecniche interpreta- stessa, senza alcun credibile sbocco risolutorio. Ma nep- tive, tradizionalmente applicate alle arti visive o alla lette- pure giova completamente lo scavalcamento della con- ratura, analizzando separatamente gli elementi verbali e trapposizione in una conciliante ma generica identifica- pittorici all’interno di un’opera che, invece, si propone zione indistinta dei termini di paragone, in nome di un programmaticamente come un’unità espressiva. concetto — certo altrimenti sostenibile, ma, in questo Ma il complesso intrecciarsi di scrittura ed imma- specifico caso, poco stringente ed efficace — superiore di gine, di parola e segno iconico, ha radici ben più antiche, “poesia” che prescinda dal carattere e dalla specificità de- che affondano fino all’origine prima di ogni tentativo di gli ambiti disciplinari coinvolti: in fondo, ogni estetica fissare graficamente il linguaggio verbale. I due termini descrittiva e ogni poetica muovono dal tentativo, più o apparentemente contrapposti della parola che designa meno dichiarato e cosciente, di offrire una definizione ac- l’oggetto e della traccia che lo disegna ritrovano cettabile del ruolo e dello statuto delle singole arti (e di un’identità primaria nella prospettiva di un’elementare ciascuna di esse rispetto alle
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