Croydon Borough Profile

Draft Version August 2009

1 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Contents

Introduction ...... 3

Key Findings ...... 5

Our People ...... 7 Population ...... 7 Age ...... 9 Ethnicity ...... 13 Religion and Belief ...... 18 Health ...... 20

Our Place ...... 29 LSOA level of deprivation ...... 30 LSOA Mosaic Social Classification ...... 31 Local Environment ...... 33 Crime and Community Safety ...... 34

Our Prosperity ...... 38 Income ...... 38 Economic Activity ...... 41 Occupational Structure ...... 44 Skills and education ...... 46 Access to Housing and Services ...... 49

Statistical Appendix ...... 54 Our People ...... 55 Our Place ...... 64 Our Prosperity ...... 66

Statistical Glossary ...... 70 About the Data Sources...... 71 Data source profiles ...... 75 Detailed data sources ...... 78

2 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Introduction Croydon is a dynamic and complex place facing a variety of opportunities and challenges. Meeting the needs of the borough‟s changing population in the future will be important for local services which work hard to ensure their activities and plans reflect the needs of different communities and places in the borough.

Knowing and understanding the needs of local people is integral to delivering Croydon‟s overall priorities set out in our Local Area Agreement, and addressing the aspirations of all communities that live and work in the borough. It is at the heart of local service delivery for the public, voluntary and business sectors. A shared understanding of our communities is a core element of strong partnership working.

Croydon‟s local strategic partnership (a range of agencies that work together to improve outcomes for local people) has made significant progress towards improving its knowledge and understanding of local people and their needs. In 2008/09 Croydon‟s Observatory was launched as a partnership resource that would support evidence based policy making. Two major assessments of needs were undertaken in partnership: the Council and Croydon NHS conducted a Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA); and a crime assessment was carried out with the police.

However the partnership is not complacent and recognises that more needs to be done to understand the nature and extent of inequality and disadvantage within our local communities so that we can better target services collectively to reduce any gaps.

Croydon‟s first community profiles, which include a borough profile and one for each ward, are designed to provide a range of data and information about the physical, social and economic make-up of the communities and where possible raw population numbers, broken down by age, gender, ethnicity, religion and belief; health indicators; deprivation statistics; crime statistics; economic activity, employment; data on schools and educational attainment; housing and households.

The community profiles are designed to provide local service providers, community leaders, ward councillors and other practitioners with relevant and up to date information about the community and places they serve. Each profile has the same format: people, place and prosperity and contains an introduction to some of the key characteristics of the borough or ward. They include a statistical appendix with tables and links to a range of information available on the internet. Croydon‟s Observatory will contain a variety of other data and information that compliments the information found in these documents e.g. the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007.

Community profiles will address local government priorities set out in the Local Area Agreement and wider government priorities along with contributing to the Comprehensive Area Assessment.

The profiles are living documents which will be updated on the release of new major data and information and based on feed back from those that use them. Please therefore do feedback with any comments or suggestions about how Croydon‟s profiles can be improved.

3 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE

Each profile has four sections:

A summary of key findings; A focus on people outlining the key demographic and social characteristics of the borough; A focus on place providing information about the level of deprivation, crime and community assets; and A focus on prosperity providing a range of socio-economic trends including level of skills and educational attainment.

The profiles also contain a „Statistical Appendix‟ which contains a detailed breakdown of all the data used within the profiles, and a „Statistical Glossary‟ that contains definitions of all the terms and definitions used within the profile and a list of the key data sources.

The profiles are living documents which will be updated on the release of new major data and information.

Please let Amanda Guest-Collins ([email protected]) have any comments or suggestions about how Croydon‟s profiles can be improved.

4 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Key Findings

According to population projections, there are 335,094 people in Croydon; the largest borough population in London. There are over 80,000 children and young people aged 0-19 years living in Croydon, which is the largest population of children and young people in London. However, over the next twenty years, Croydon‟s population will contain a greater proportion of people aged above 60 years of age.

There are higher proportions of Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities in the north of the borough compared to the south. Wards such as West Thornton and Broad Green contain some of the highest levels of ethnic diversity in London and England. Whilst the centre and south tend to be less diverse, changes in the ethnicity of the school-aged population indicates that the ethnic make up of all neighbourhoods will continue to change over the next twenty years.

Croydon is home to a variety of faiths, but has a larger than average proportion of people from a Muslim and Hindu faith compared to England. Wards in the north have a greater diversity of faiths with a larger proportion of Muslims and Hindus compared to the borough average.

There is a significant mixture of affluence and deprivation across Croydon‟s neighbourhoods. According to the Mosaic Social Classification, „Community Perspectives‟ (30%) and „Secure Suburbia‟ (22%) make up the majority of households in Croydon. However, there is wide diversity within the borough with strong concentrations of different social groups in particular neighbourhoods. For example, „Urban Intelligence‟ tend to live close to town centres and/or transport interchanges.

According to the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), 33 Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) out of the 220 Croydon LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived areas in England. These areas are concentrated in Croydon‟s major social housing estates and in the north of the borough.

Health indicators demonstrate that residents in Croydon are, on average, in better health than residents across England. „Health and Disability‟ deprivation is concentrated in the more deprived areas of the borough. These tend to contain large social housing estates and are ethnically diverse, with larger than average proportions of Black and Asian groups.

Childhood obesity rates are approximately equal to London and national averages. However, some wards in the north and centre, such as Ashburton, experience significantly higher rates. Moreover, particular ethnic groups tend to experience a higher rate of obesity, such as Black British children, compared to other ethnic groups. The reasons behind childhood obesity are complex and various including the quality of the local environment, lifestyle and nutrition.

Teenage pregnancy is a significant issue facing Croydon. There are 56 conceptions for every 1,000 females aged 15-17, which is higher than the London average of 45 and the national average of 41. The higher than average teenage conception rate

5 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE poses significant challenges in a number of areas, such as the welfare of children and the economic activity rates amongst young women.

Crime is lower in Croydon than it is across the whole of London. There are 95 Total Notifiable Offences per 1,000 population, which is below the London average of 120 offences. Geographically, Croydon‟s criminal activity is more concentrated in the wards encompassing the town centre and district centres, such as Fairfield ward, which contains most of Croydon Town Centre. Whilst having broadly similar proportions of crime to London, Croydon has a greater proportion of criminal damage and drug-related crime than London as a whole.

„Income‟ deprivation tends to be focused around the same areas of the borough that are deprived. According to the IMD, 48 LSOAs out of the 220 LSOAs in Croydon are in the 20% most income deprived areas in England. These areas are predominantly concentrated in the north, west and south-east of Croydon. Sixty LSOAs out of the 220 LSOAs in Croydon fall into the 20% most deprived areas in England for income deprivation affecting children.

Residents of working age in Croydon tend to be employed in different proportions in the major occupational groups, compared with London. There are proportionally fewer Croydon residents employed in managerial and professional positions than residents across London; whilst there are proportionally more Croydon residents employed in customer service and sales occupations.

Educational attainment and skills levels amongst Croydon residents are broadly in line with London and national patterns. However, there is considerable variation in educational attainment between wards in the borough, which is reflected in the IMD‟s „Education and Skills‟ deprivation domain. This suggests that poor educational attainment and a lack of skills are focused in those areas of the borough with large social housing estates.

However, „Barriers to Housing and Services‟ is the most widespread form of deprivation in Croydon, with over 80 Lower Super Output Areas out of 220 falling within the 20% most deprived areas in England. This form of deprivation also affects areas in the south of the borough, which do not normally fall into the 20% most deprived category for any other form of deprivation. This is a common pattern found amongst most edge of London locations.

Housing tenure patterns are reflective of Outer London trends. Levels of owner- occupation are far higher in Croydon than across London as a whole, especially in the south of the borough. For example, 93% of households in Selsdon and Ballards are owner-occupiers compared to 68% in Croydon and 57% in London.

6 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Our People Population The population of Croydon is 335,094, making it the most populous borough in London. Below is a comparison of Croydon with its statistically similar boroughs:

Figure 1 – Croydon and Selected London Borough Populations (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low)

300000

200000 Population 100000

0 Redbridge Enfield Ealing Croydon

Movement into the borough is predominantly from inner London, whilst many residents migrate out to the South East. Figure 2 shows some of the major migration flows, based on GP registrations into and out of Croydon from the boroughs in London and neighbouring authorities outside London:

Figure 2 – Population movement London and South-East (GP Registrations 2000-06, Greater London Authority 2009)

GP Registrations Into and Out of Croydon (2001-07)

14000 12000

10000 Lambeth 8000 Southwark

6000 Wandsworth

4000 Bromley 2000 Merton

Residents 0 Sutton

-2000 Reigate and Banstead

-4000 Tandridge -6000

-8000

7 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Looking at the level of population in each ward, there is variation in population numbers. Wards in the south-east have the lowest population levels, whilst wards in the north have the highest levels.

Figure 3 - Ward populations (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low) 18,000 16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

Purley Kenley Shirley Fieldway Waddon Norbury Fairfield Croham Selhurst Heathfield Ashburton Woodside Sanderstead Broad Green Addiscombe New Addington Coulsdon East Coulsdon West West Thornton Upper Norwood Thornton Heath South Norwood Bensham Manor Selsdon and Ballards

8 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Age Croydon‟s population is younger than London‟s and contains the biggest borough population of children and young people in London:

Figure 4 – Population by Age (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low)

London Croydon

Children and Children and Older People Older People Young People Young People 15% 17% 24% 26%

Working Age Working Age People People 61% 57%

Looking more specifically at Croydon‟s age structure between males and females, a number of differences become apparent between age groups. In particular, there appear to be considerably more females aged over 60 years of age compared to males. This could be due to the longer average life expectancy experienced by females in Croydon and nationally.

Figure 5 - Population by Age and Gender (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low) 100,000

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

Males 50,000 Females

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 Children and Young People (0-19) Working Age People (20-59) Older People (60+) 9 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE There is a diversity of age profiles across Croydon‟s wards. These characteristics are shown in the following graphs.

Generally wards in the south and those wards around Croydon town centre have fewer children and young people, whereas wards in the north and south-east have much higher proportions of children and young people as in the wards of New Addington and Fieldway. These two wards contain the highest levels of deprivation in Croydon.

Figure 6 - Children and Young People Population (%) by Ward (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low) Fieldway New Addington West Thornton Broad Green Bensham Manor

Ashburton

Woodside

Thornton Heath

Shirley Coulsdon West Kenley Selsdon and Ballards Purley Sanderstead South Norwood Upper Norwood Coulsdon East Norbury

Selhurst

Heathfield

Waddon Addiscombe Croham Fairfield

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Children and Young People as a % of Ward Population

10 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The working age population live in much higher proportions in and around Croydon town centre, the accessible transport nodes of Croydon, and wards in the north of the borough. Wards with the lowest proportions of working-age people are Fieldway and New Addington, which also contain the highest levels of deprivation.

Figure 7 - Working Age People Population (%) by Ward (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low)

Addiscombe Fairfield Croham Selhurst Woodside South Norwood Broad Green

Waddon

Thornton Heath

Upper Norwood

Bensham Manor

West Thornton

Norbury Purley Kenley Heathfield Coulsdon West Ashburton Shirley Selsdon and Ballards Sanderstead

Coulsdon East

New Addington

Fieldway

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Working Age People as a % of Ward Population

11 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The proportion of older people is higher in the south of Croydon. People over 65 tend to live in much lower proportions in the more urban areas of the north of Croydon, such as Broad Green and Woodside wards.

Figure 8 - Older People Population (%) by Ward (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low)

Coulsdon East

Sanderstead

Selsdon and Ballards Shirley Heathfield Norbury Coulsdon West Purley Kenley Ashburton

New Addington

Fairfield

Waddon

Upper Norwood Croham Thornton Heath South Norwood Bensham Manor Fieldway West Thornton Addiscombe

Selhurst

Woodside

Broad Green

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Older People as a % of Ward Population

By 2026 there will be a projected 5% increase in the proportion of older people across Croydon and around a 2.5% decrease in both working age people, and children and young people. However, the total population will remain fairly constant). This is shown in Figure 9:

Figure 9 – Total Demographic change by Age 2001-2026 (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low)

12 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Ethnicity The proportion of residents in Croydon who are from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups (Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other ethnic groups) is higher than the overall pattern for London. According to Greater London Authority projections, in 2009, 40% of the population belong to BME groups, compared to 35% in London.

Figure 10 – Croydon, Ealing, Enfield and Redbridge 2009 BME Resident Profile (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low)

60%

50%

40%

30%

20% BME ResidentsBME

10%

0% Croydon Ealing Enfield Redbridge London

As indicated in Figure 11 below, Croydon‟s BME profile differs significantly from London‟s; in particular, Croydon has greater proportions of Black Caribbean, Black Other and Indian people:

Figure 11 – Croydon and London’s 2009 BME Profile (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low)

12.00%

10.00%

8.00% Croydon 6.00% London

4.00%

2.00%

0.00%

Indian Other Chinese Pakistani Black Other Other Asian Black African Bangladeshi Black Caribbean

13 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Analysing comparative data on ethnicity across statistically similar boroughs in London, it is apparent that Croydon‟s population has a more diverse mix of ethnic groups:

Table 1 – White & BME Profile of Croydon and Statistically Similar Boroughs - 2009 (GLA 2008 Round Projections PLP Low) Croydon Ealing Enfield Redbridge London (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) White 60 54 70 52 66 Black Caribbean 10 4 6 5 5 Black African 7 4 6 5 6 Black Other 4 2 3 2 3 Indian 8 16 5 17 7 Pakistani 3 4 1 9 2 Bangladeshi 1 0 2 3 3 Chinese 1 1 1 1 1 Other Asian 4 6 3 5 3 Other 3 9 3 2 4

At a ward level, data from the 2001 Office of National Statistics Census is the most up-to-date source on ethnicity. As ward level data is used in the Census it is possible to calculate both the BME profile and Minority Ethnic Profile. Please note the following:

The BME classification refers to local people belonging to Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other ethnic groups.

The Minority Ethnic classification refers to local people belonging to Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other, White Irish and White Other ethnic groups.

There are significant differences in the ethnic profile of wards. Some wards have much higher BME and Minority Ethnic populations, which can be either a diversity of ethnic groups or can be the concentration of one ethnic group.

West Thornton has the largest proportion of BME residents and also Asian residents in Croydon. It is closely followed by two wards in the north-west of Croydon: Bensham Manor, which has the largest Black population, and Thornton Heath.

The wards with the smallest proportions of BME residents are in the south of Croydon, such as Coulsdon East and Sanderstead, which are typical suburban neighbourhoods.

Purley is an example of change in the borough: a ward in the south, its population is made up of 19% BME residents, including 9% who are Asian.

Fairfield has a much larger Minority Ethnic community compared to its BME community, which is in contrast to most other wards where the size of the Minority Ethnic community closely mirrors that of the BME community.

14 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 2 presents the BME, Minority Ethnic and White British populations for each ward. Please note the following:

The White British classification refers to local people belonging solely to the White British group and does not include White Irish or White Other (who are both included in the Minority Ethnic classification).

Table 2 – Croydon’s BME, Minority Ethnic and White British Profiles by Ward (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001) BME Population Minority Ethnic White British (%) Population (%) (%) West Thornton 64 69 31 Bensham Manor 61 68 32 Thornton Heath 50 56 44 Norbury 48 57 43 Broad Green 48 54 46 Selhurst 47 54 46 Upper Norwood 38 46 54 Woodside 36 42 58 South Norwood 35 44 56 Croydon 30 36 64 Fairfield 29 39 61 Addiscombe 28 37 63 Waddon 23 29 71 Fieldway 19 25 75 Purley 19 26 74 Croham 18 24 76 Ashburton 18 34 76 Shirley 18 23 77 Coulsdon West 15 21 79 Heathfield 14 18 82 Kenley 13 19 81 Selsdon and Ballards 11 16 84 New Addington 11 15 85 Sanderstead 11 15 85 Coulsdon East 9 13 87

15 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 3 provides a breakdown by ethnic group for each ward. This information is based around the 2001 Census, which is the most up-to-date source of data available. Please note that the „White‟ ethnic group has been broken down into White British, White Irish and White Other.

Table 3 – Croydon’s Detailed Ethnicity Profile by Ward (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001) White White Other British Irish White Mixed Asian Black Chinese (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) West Thornton 31.08 1.50 3.84 3.98 32.71 25.56 1.33 Bensham Manor 32.16 2.11 4.37 5.07 25.63 29.39 1.27 Norbury 42.73 2.81 6.10 4.45 23.01 19.18 1.73 Thornton Heath 43.63 2.78 4.05 5.16 11.26 32.10 1.01 Broad Green 45.62 2.12 4.11 4.22 23.33 19.10 1.50 Selhurst 46.12 2.67 4.24 4.98 14.44 25.95 1.61 Upper Norwood 53.54 2.85 5.95 4.28 13.75 17.92 1.71 South Norwood 56.35 2.71 5.83 4.82 8.00 21.13 1.17 Woodside 57.97 2.37 3.80 5.39 7.27 22.22 0.98 Fairfield 60.51 2.38 7.78 3.68 13.61 9.00 3.04 Addiscombe 63.31 3.02 5.79 4.16 9.84 11.75 2.14 Croydon 63.70 2.16 4.31 3.72 11.31 13.33 1.48 Waddon 70.63 1.99 4.42 3.52 8.17 9.71 1.55 Purley 73.75 2.59 4.36 3.29 8.96 4.92 2.13 Croham 74.04 2.35 5.25 3.09 7.29 5.80 2.17 Fieldway 75.47 1.34 3.76 4.31 2.89 11.00 1.23 Ashburton 75.86 2.54 3.47 3.32 5.81 7.96 1.04 Shirley 77.03 1.72 3.47 2.85 7.04 6.65 1.24 Coulsdon West 79.30 1.94 3.60 2.57 7.62 3.49 1.48 Kenley 81.32 1.94 4.05 2.88 5.40 3.11 1.31 Heathfield 81.74 1.62 3.07 2.51 5.78 4.21 1.06 Selsdon and Ballards 84.25 1.51 2.80 1.68 6.15 2.20 1.41 New Addington 84.87 1.21 2.55 2.85 2.04 5.82 0.67 Sanderstead 85.24 1.22 2.79 2.06 4.90 2.20 1.59 Coulsdon East 87.23 1.71 2.46 2.45 2.55 2.74 0.85

16 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The population trend of school-aged children indicates a decreasing White British population and an increasing level of ethnic diversity in the borough. In particular, the Black African population of 5-16 year olds has increased more than any other group in the past five years. Figures 12 and 13 demonstrate these patterns:

Figure 12 – Croydon 5-16 yr old population change by key ethnic groups (LB Croydon, Pupil Level Annual School Census 2003-08)

25000

20000

15000 All Other Groups Black - African 10000 White - British

5000

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Figure 13 – Croydon 5-16 yr old population change by Non-White British Groups (LB Croydon, Pupil Level Annual School Census 2003-08)

6000

5000 Indian

Any Other Asian 4000 Background Black - African 3000 Black Caribbean

2000 Any Other Mixed Background 1000 Any Other White Background

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

17 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Religion and Belief Croydon is home to a variety of religions and beliefs. There are higher proportions of people from a Muslim and Hindu faith than there are across England. The chart below demonstrates some of these trends:

Figure 14 – Religions and Beliefs in Croydon (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001)

8% 2%

Christian 15% Hindu Muslim No Religion 5% Religion Not Stated 5% 65% Other Faiths

Croydon‟s faith communities are spread out across the borough. Wards in the south tend to have higher Christian populations whereas wards in the north have a greater diversity of faiths.

West Thornton has the largest proportion of Muslims and Hindus in Croydon, in line with the large Asian population living in this ward. After West Thornton, Broad Green and Bensham Manor in the north-west have the largest proportions of Hindus. After West Thornton, Norbury and Selhurst in the north-east have the largest proportions of Muslims. Generally, the ethnically diverse areas of the north tend to also have a wide diversity of faiths, whereas areas in the south, such as Coulsdon East and Sanderstead, have a higher proportion of Christians.

18 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE

The table below presents ward-level data on religions and beliefs in Croydon. Please note that the „Other Faiths‟ classification includes people of Jewish, Buddhist and other faiths whose numbers are statistically too small (below 1% for all ward) to be included within the table.

Table 4 - Religions and Beliefs in Croydon by Ward (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001) Other No Christian Hindu Muslim Faiths Religion Religion Not (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Stated (%) Coulsdon East 76.06 1.14 1.08 0.77 13.64 7.31 Sanderstead 75.91 2.78 1.60 1.09 12.45 6.17 Selsdon and Ballards 74.61 3.17 2.39 1.12 12.93 5.78 Heathfield 72.17 2.64 2.57 1.51 14.75 6.37 Ashburton 71.44 2.40 2.98 1.00 14.49 7.70 Coulsdon West 70.56 3.26 3.11 1.97 12.99 8.11 Kenley 70.38 3.12 1.45 1.32 15.00 8.72 Shirley 70.03 3.58 3.36 1.44 13.86 7.73 Purley 68.22 3.95 3.82 2.15 13.53 8.34 New Addington 67.22 0.71 1.76 0.77 21.05 8.48 Waddon 66.91 3.46 4.11 1.69 16.09 7.75 Thornton Heath 66.42 3.29 7.09 1.24 12.69 9.27 Woodside 66.40 2.32 4.16 1.25 18.13 7.75 Croham 65.49 3.72 2.94 1.95 18.49 7.40 Croydon 65.07 5.08 5.34 1.73 14.71 8.08 South Norwood 64.42 1.88 6.65 1.62 16.50 8.92 Selhurst 61.98 5.33 7.72 1.31 15.50 8.16 Addiscombe 61.86 4.14 4.80 1.77 18.20 9.23 Upper Norwood 61.61 6.24 7.15 2.54 14.98 7.47 Fieldway 61.54 0.76 4.28 0.64 20.72 12.05 Norbury 59.19 8.96 10.96 3.13 10.08 7.69 Broad Green 57.61 12.36 8.97 1.22 12.75 7.10 Fairfield 56.05 7.19 6.21 2.96 18.22 9.38 Bensham Manor 55.31 12.69 10.42 2.37 9.75 9.44 West Thornton 50.70 16.23 12.93 3.59 9.10 7.45

19 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Health The „Health and Disability‟ deprivation domain evaluates the health of residents in an area by using measurements of the level of poor health, early mortality and disability in an area, such as „years of potential life lost,‟ comparative illness and disability ratio and measures of acute morbidity. Few areas in Croydon are in the 20% most deprived in England in relation to health and disability. However, those areas that do fall into this category do contain higher proportions of social housing and are also wards that have higher proportions of Black and Asian residents.

Map 1 - Health and Disability Deprivation Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

20 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Analysing health statistics at an individual level it is clear that the Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) for „cardiovascular disease‟, for „cancer‟ and for „all causes‟ are all slightly lower in Croydon, when compared with London as a whole. The health data shown in Figure 15 is expressed as an SMR, which allows comparisons between areas. The England ratio is expressed as 100, and the other area‟s SMRs are expressed relative to this.

Figure 15 – Standardised Mortality Ratios in Croydon (London Health Observatory 2002-08)

Health Summary

160.0

140.0

120.0

100.0 Croydon 80.0 London England 60.0

40.0 20.0

0.0

Cancer SMR

(2002-2006)

(2002-2006) (2002-2006)

Disease SMR

Cardiovascular All causes SMR

Croydon‟s life expectancy for both males (77.1) and females (80.9) is broadly in line with London and national averages.

Figure 16 – Life Expectancy (London Health Observatory 2002-08)

Life Expectancy

160.0

140.0

120.0

100.0 Croydon 80.0 London England 60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0

Male life

Female life

expectancy expectancy

21 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE However, these statistics do not express the full picture. Research by the London Healthcare Commission has revealed that Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black Caribbean groups are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease.

Moreover, residents in different wards have varied levels of health. The table below demonstrates that the Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) for „all causes‟, for „cardiovascular disease‟ and for „cancer‟ is much higher in those deprived wards in the north of Croydon and the south-east of Croydon. The data at ward level also demonstrates the health inequalities experienced by different ethnic groups: Thornton Heath has a greater proportion of Black and Asian residents and suffers from a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease.

The health data shown in Table 5 is expressed as an SMR, which allows comparisons between areas.

Table 5 - Standardised Mortality Ratios by Ward in Croydon (London Health Observatory 2002-08)

All causes Cardiovascular Cancer SMR SMR Disease SMR (2002-2006) (2002-2006) (2002-2006)

Selhurst 139.5 154.2 114.1 Waddon 132.7 141.0 115.9 Broad Green 128.4 137.6 111.8 Kenley 127.2 124.6 104.1 Fieldway 125.7 121.8 139.1 Addiscombe 121.8 127.0 121.4 New Addington 118.6 116.0 122.9 Thornton Heath 105.4 119.7 91.8 Upper Norwood 102.2 103.8 84.0 Fairfield 99.5 108.7 90.3 Croydon 99.3 105.2 95.7 West Thornton 98.6 117.4 76.5 South Norwood 98.6 98.6 100.7 Coulsdon West 98.6 109.7 77.2 Norbury 98.0 110.3 85.8 Bensham Manor 97.9 110.9 87.6 Purley 96.5 108.3 94.3 Croham 95.4 98.0 82.7 Woodside 92.8 102.3 93.0 Ashburton 90.5 95.2 104.6 Coulsdon East 80.4 92.4 84.6 Sanderstead 75.6 76.1 94.7 Heathfield 71.6 63.7 90.1 Shirley 70.9 74.5 85.3 Selsdon and Ballards 64.7 68.0 83.8

A similar situation exists for average life expectancy between different wards in Croydon, as shown in Table 6 below. Wards in the north and centre of Croydon that

22 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE are classified as being within the 20% most deprived in England tend have a lower life expectancy than wards in the south. These areas are also more ethnically diverse with higher proportions of Black and Asian groups. Social housing is another correlating factor: New Addington and Fieldway have a lower life expectancy and considerably higher than average proportions of socially renting households.

Table 6 - Life Expectancy in Croydon by Ward (London Health Observatory 2002-08) Male life Female life expectancy expectancy (years) (years) Selsdon and 82.8 85.9 Ballards Shirley 81.5 85.1 Heathfield 81.3 83.8 Sanderstead 80.6 84.6 Coulsdon East 79.7 82.5 Norbury 79.1 81.0 Croham 79.0 81.5 Coulsdon West 78.5 80.9 Purley 78.1 82.2 Ashburton 77.9 81.6 Woodside 77.9 81.2 Kenley 77.7 79.0 Bensham Manor 77.3 81.3 Croydon 77.1 80.9 Fairfield 76.9 80.5 West Thornton 76.8 81.0 South Norwood 76.1 81.6 New Addington 75.0 77.8 Thornton Heath 74.9 80.8 Upper Norwood 74.9 80.8 Fieldway 74.6 78.3 Addiscombe 74.0 78.8 Waddon 73.6 78.7 Selhurst 72.7 78.0 Broad Green 72.3 78.8

A key determinant of health in later life is childhood obesity. The National Child Measurement Programme provides accurate data based on a robust survey of childhood obesity levels at Reception Class age (4 -5 year olds) and at Year 6 age (10-11 year olds). This profile focuses on reception class age.

23 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE In Croydon, 23.7% of reception class pupils are classed as either obese or overweight, which is just above the London average of 22.9% and the national average of 22.6%. Of these, 10.9% fall into the obese category, which is identical to the London average and just above the national average of 9.6%. Similarly, a further 12.8% are classed as overweight compared to 12% in London and 13% across England.

There is a much stronger variation in rates between different groups and geographic areas in Croydon. Children from different ethnic backgrounds have different levels of obesity. For instance, there are higher proportions of children from Black or White backgrounds who are either obese or overweight compared to children from an Asian or Chinese background. The chart below shows the percentage of children in reception class in primary schools for each major ethnic group who are either obese or overweight averaged out between the 2006/07 and 2007/08 academic years.

Figure 17 – Childhood Obesity across Croydon’s Ethnic Groups (Croydon PercentageNHS 2006 of children-08) who are obese or overweight by ethnic group, Year R, 2006-7 and 2007-8

35%

30%

25%

20%

Percentage 15%

10%

5%

0% White British White Irish and Mixed Asian or Asian Black or Black Chinese or other Unknown White Other British British ethnic group Ethnic group

Obese Overweight

The charts overleaf present the percentage of children in reception class in primary schools for each ward and each Local Delivery Plan (LDP) area that are either obese or overweight averaged out between the 2006/07 and 2007/08 academic years. (Please note children are defined as belonging to a ward/area if they live in the ward rather than if they go to school in that ward/area).

24 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The chart below shows that north and western LDP areas have the highest level of childhood obesity, whilst areas in the south with more access to open space and also more affluence, have lower levels.

Figure Percentage18 – Childhood of children who Obesityare obese or overweightacross byCroydon’s LDP area, Year R,Areas 2006-7 and 2007-8 (Croydon NHS 2006-08) 30%

25%

20%

15% Percentage 10%

5%

0% 1 (North) 2 (West) 3 (Central) 4 (East) 5 (South) LDP area Obese Overweight

The chart below shows that wards in the north and around Croydon town centre have the highest proportions of children who are classed as obese or overweight, whilst the more affluent wards with significant quantities of open space have lower proportions who are obese or overweight.

Figure 19 – Childhood Obesity across Croydon’s Wards (Croydon NHS 2006-08)

35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0% % of Reception Age Children (Obese/Overweight) Children Age Reception of %

Purley Shirley Kenley Croham Waddon Norbury FieldwaySelhurst Fairfield Heathfield Woodside Ashburton Sanderstead Addiscombe Broad Green Coulsdon East Coulsdon West West Thornton New Addington South ThorntonNorwood Heath Upper Norwood Bensham Manor

Selsdon and Ballards

Obese Overweight

25 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Teenage pregnancy rates remain a significant issue in Croydon in comparison with the rest of London. Rates are higher at 56 conceptions per 1,000 females aged 15- 17 years of age, compared with London‟s rate of 45 and the national rate of 41.

Teenage pregnancy tends to be concentrated in the more deprived areas of Croydon, especially in the north of the borough and also Fieldway. Waddon, for instance, has a higher than average rate and areas in the ward experience a greater level of deprivation than most of Croydon. The chart below demonstrates the different conception rates per 1,000 females aged 15-17 compared across Croydon including both terminations (legal abortions) and live births (Please note that NHS TOPs in the table below refers to NHS-funded Terminations of Pregnancy).

Figure 20 - Teenage Conceptions per 1,000 Females Aged 15-17 by Ward 2004-06 (Croydon Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2009)

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0 Rates per 1,000 females aged 15-17 aged females 1,000 per Rates 10.0

0.0

PurleyKenley Shirley CrohamNorbury Fairfield FieldwayWaddon Selhurst Ashburton Heathfield Woodside Sanderstead AddiscombeBroad Green Coulsdon East Coulsdon West New Addington West Thornton Upper Norwood BenshamThornton ManorSouth Heath Norwood

Selsdon and Ballards

Live births NHS TOPs

26 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The map below presents data on teenage pregnancy geographically:

Map 2 - Teenage Pregnancy in Croydon (NHS Croydon, Teenage Pregnancy 2004-2006)

Rate per 1,000 females aged 15-17 per year Less than 10 10 to 20 20 to 30 30 to 40 40 to 50 50 or more

27 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Infant mortality remains a key issue to be tackled in Croydon. The infant mortality rate is defined as deaths under one year of age per 1,000 live births. In Croydon, there were 6.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is above the rate for south- west London, outer London and London overall, as the graph below demonstrates:

Figure 21 - Infant Mortality (London Health Observatory 2005-07)

7.0 6.0

5.0 4.0

3.0 2.0

1.0 0.0 Croydon South West Outer London London Infant deaths per 1,000 live births live 1,000 deathsper Infant London

Low birth weight is another key health issue in Croydon; it is an enduring aspect of childhood morbidity, a major factor in infant mortality and has serious consequences for health in later life. Low birth weight is caused by a number of factors including the health of the mother. Whilst the Croydon percentage of births that have been classified as having a low birth weight are broadly in line with the national average, some wards have a much higher proportion, and these are wards that experience higher levels of deprivation:

Figure 22 - Low Birth Weight (London Health Observatory 2002-08) 12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0 %

4.0

2.0

0.0

Purley Kenley London Shirley Fairfield Croham EnglandFieldway CroydonSelhurst NorburyWaddon AshburtonWoodside Heathfield Sanderstead Addiscombe Broad Green Coulsdon East Coulsdon WestNew Addington West Thornton South NorwoodUpper Norwood Thornton HeathBensham Manor

Selsdon and Ballards

28 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Our Place The data within this section presents an accessible analysis of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and the Experian Mosaic Social Index. The IMD is a combination of economic, social and housing indicators into a single deprivation score for a small area known as a Lower Super Output Area (LSOA). The Experian Mosaic Social Index is a social classification allowing public sector agencies to better understand the different types of people living in an area.

Map 3 below presents the overall IMD. A detailed breakdown of the LSOAs by the seven separate domains of the IMD is presented in Table 7 and the different domains of the IMD are presented throughout the profile.

Map 3 – Index of Multiple Deprivation: Croydon (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

29 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE LSOA level of deprivation Table 7 shows how Croydon‟s 220 Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) are performing against the domains that form the overall IMD (for a description of each individual domain, please see p.72 in the „Statistical Glossary‟). The data reveals some clear patterns:

Only one LSOA falls within the 5% most deprived areas in England. However, four areas fall within the 6-10% bracket and a further twenty-eight fall within the 11-20% bracket.

The widest spread of deprivation falls within the „Barriers to Housing and Services‟ domain affecting areas in the south of the borough followed by the „Living Environment‟ domain, which affects mainly the denser inner urban areas of the north and centre of the borough.

„Health and Disability‟ deprivation has the lowest spread geographically of deprivation out of all the domains.

There are 29 LSOAs that fall into the 20% least deprived (most wealthy) areas in England. These are located in 8 wards in Croydon in the south of the borough. Selsdon and Ballards has 6 areas in the least deprived 20%.

Table 7 – Index of Multiple Deprivation for Croydon’s LSOAs (Department of Communities and Local Government, 2007) No of LSOAs Within the Most Deprived: 5% 6-10% 11-20% 21-80% Index of Multiple 1 4 28 187 Deprivation Income 7 12 29 172 Employment 1 3 22 26 Health & Disability 1 1 8 210 Education Skills & 1 6 10 203 Training Barriers to Housing & 1 22 59 138 Services Crime 5 8 18 189 Living Environment 6 33 33 148 IDAC 9 15 36 160 IDAOP 4 12 24 180

30 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE LSOA Mosaic Social Classification There are a number of different social groupings as defined by the Mosaic Classification that live in Croydon (see p.73 in the „Statistical Appendix‟ for a description of the different Mosaic groups). The data reveals some distinct patterns:

„Community Perspectives‟ tend to be more concentrated in the north and centre of the borough. „Secure Suburbia‟ and „Symbols of Success‟ are concentrated in the south of the borough, but they are also spread across all areas of Croydon with the exception of Fieldway and New Addington in the south east of Croydon. „Urban Intelligence‟ households are concentrated around Croydon‟s transport nodes - especially Central Croydon and Norwood Junction. „Social Dependents‟ in most instances are concentrated in Croydon‟s social housing estates; especially in New Addington and Fieldway.

The map below demonstrates these geographic patterns.

Map 4 – Mosaic Groups in Croydon by Lower Super Output Area (Experian Mosaic 2007)

31 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Looking at the breakdown of households across Croydon, „Community Perspectives‟ makes up the largest social group in Croydon followed by „Secure Suburbia‟. However, the distinctive balance of different social groupings is unique to Croydon:

Figure 24 - Households by Mosaic Grouping (Mosaic Experian 2007)

7% 8% Community Perspectives 30% Secure Suburbia 14% Urban Intelligence

Symbols of Success

Social Dependents 19% 22% Blue Collar Enterprise

32 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Local Environment Croydon is one of the greenest places in London. Local people have access to a number of high quality green spaces of varying sizes. However, data from the Index of Multiple Deprivation on „Living Environment‟, indicates that the more urban areas in the north of Croydon tend to experience a poorer quality of local environment. Such areas are likely to experience poorer than average air quality, more road traffic accidents or a higher than average proportion of housing that does not meet Decent Homes standards. This form of deprivation is illustrated in the map below:

Map 5 - Living Environment Deprivation Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

33 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Crime and Community Safety Croydon‟s crime rate of 95 Total Notifiable Offences (TNOs) per 1,000 population is below the London rate of 120 TNOs per 1,000 population. The graph below demonstrates that Croydon has a lower crime rate when compared to London overall, but a comparable crime rate with statistically similar boroughs:

Figure 25 - TNOs per 1,000 Population by London Borough (Metropolitan Police 2008/09)

TNOs Per 1,000 Population

140

120

100

80

60

TNOsPer 1,000 Population 40

20

0 Enfield Redbridge Croydon Ealing Greater London The table below illustrates the different levels of criminal offences in each of Croydon‟s wards:

Figure 26 – TNOs per 1,000 Population by Ward in Croydon (Metropolitan Police 2008/09)

300 TNOs Per 1,000 Population

300

250

250

200 200

150150

100

TNOs Per 1,000 Population 1,000 TNOsPer 100

50 Criminal Offences per 1,000 population 1,000 per Offences Criminal 50

0

Purley Shirley Kenley Fairfield0 Selhurst Waddon Norbury Fieldway Croham Heathfield Woodside Ashburton Broad Green Addiscombe Sanderstead West ThorntonThornton Heath South Norwood Upper Norwood Coulsdon West New AddingtonCoulsdon East Croydon Average Bensham Manor Purley Norbury KenleyShirley Fairfield Selhurst WaddonFieldway Fairfield Croham Selsdon and Ballards Woodside Ashburton Heathfield Broad Green Addiscombe Sanderstead West Thornton Coulsdon East South UpperNorwood Norwood New Addington Thornton Heath Coulsdon West Croydon Average Bensham Manor Selsdon and Ballards

34 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Using the „Crime‟ deprivation sub-domain of the Index of Multiple Deprivation, it is possible to identify specific areas in Croydon that experience higher rates of the four major types of criminal activity (violence, criminal damage, robbery and burglary) that cause the greatest victimisation. These areas are Croydon town centre, district centres, neighbourhoods in the north of the borough and major social housing estates:

Map 6 - Crime Deprivation Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

35 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Analysing crime by major grouping, Croydon has a similar distribution of crime types as London. The major difference is that the London distribution contains a greater proportion of theft and handling TNOs, whereas Croydon has more drug-related and criminal damage-related TNOs as a total proportion. The charts below illustrate the major five types of criminal offences in Croydon and London. The „Other‟ category, shown in the charts, represent all other types of offences outside of the top five, added together (please see Table 21 in the „Statistical Appendix‟ for a detailed breakdown of crime by each type of offence).

Figure 27 - Top 5 Crime Groups in Croydon (Metropolitan Police 2008/09)

Other 13%

Theft and Handling Drugs 30% 8%

Burglary

12%

Criminal Damage Violence Against the 16% Person

21%

Figure 28 - Top 5 Crime Groups in London (Metropolitan Police 2008/09)

Other 12%

Drugs 6% Theft and Handling

39% Burglary

11%

Criminal Damage 12%

Violence Against the

Person 20% 36 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Whilst the victims of overall crime in Croydon tend to be from a range of groups, there are some specific victimisation patterns in the borough:

There are more female victims of sexual offences and victims of domestic violence compared to male victims in Croydon and London. Younger people aged between 15 and 31 years of age are more likely to be a victim of violence against the person. 20% of all victims in 2008 had suffered „repeat victimisation‟ i.e. a crime was committed against them in the previous 12 months.

Data on hate crime is taken from the Metropolitan Police Service as live data and is therefore subject to change. Such data is broken down into three types of hate crime incidents:

Domestic violence: any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults, aged 18 and over, who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender and sexuality. Racial and religious: any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person, or any offence where the offender demonstrates hostility based on the victim‟s membership of a racial or religious group Homophobic: Any incident which is perceived to be homophobic by the victim or any other person

The hate crime data below is recorded between April 2008 and March 2009 and is analysed in respect of recorded incidents and the number of recorded victims of such incidents.

Table 8 – Hate Crime Data (Metropolitan Police Service, April 2008-March 2009) Recorded No. of Recorded No. of Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Incidents Victims Domestic Violence 2471 5996 Racist and religious 249 299 Homophobic 16 21

Although comparisons by geographic area are difficult due to the small number of incidents that take place and the unknown number of incidents that are not reported, some indicative patterns emerge including the following:

Less affluent wards in the north and in the south-east (New Addington and Fieldway) tend to have a higher number of domestic violence incidents than more affluent wards in the south. For instance, there were 186 domestic violence incidents in Broad Green compared to 33 incidents in Purley. There are similar geographic patterns for racial and religious hate crime to domestic violence, but the numbers at ward level are too small to make statistically valid conclusions. With only 16 incidents of homophobic hate crime, the evidence is too small to make any indicative conclusions.

37 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Our Prosperity Income The „Income‟ deprivation sub-domain of the Index of Multiple Deprivation measures the proportion of households in an area that experience income deprivation. This is defined and recorded through the number of households claiming a means-tested income-benefit, such as child tax credit. In Croydon, areas with greater proportions of income deprived households are concentrated in those wards in the north and south-east of the borough, which tend to have high concentrations of social housing, such as Waddon or New Addington.

Map 7 - Income Deprivation Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

38 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE A related measure of income deprivation is „Income Deprivation Affecting Children‟ and „Income Deprivation Affecting Older People‟. These two specialist sub-domains indicate that the level of income-related deprivation affecting these vulnerable groups is much more pronounced than the level indicated in the general income deprivation domain, for example, income deprivation in Selhurst.

Map 8 - Income Deprivation Affecting Children Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

39 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE

Map 9 - Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

40 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Economic Activity In Croydon 81% of people are economically active, which is higher than the London average of 76%. The latest statistics from the Department for Work and Pensions reveal that 14% of the working-age population claim benefits, but that there are varying levels across Croydon. The deprived neighbourhoods of New Addington and Fieldway have the highest claimants, followed by Selhurst, Broad Green and South Norwood in the north of the borough. Figure 29 shows the number of benefits claimants as a percentage of working age population:

Figure 29 - Benefit Claimants as a Percentage of Working Age Population (Department for Work and Pensions, 2008)

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

Shirley Kenley Purley Fieldway Selhurst Waddon Fairfield Norbury Croham Woodside Ashburton Heathfield Broad Green Addiscombe Sanderstead New Addington South Norwood Upper Norwood West Thornton Coulsdon East Coulsdon West Croydon AverageBensham Manor Selsdon and Ballards

41 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The „Employment‟ deprivation domain of the Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies the level of employment deprivation in an area through measuring the number of working-age people who are involuntarily excluded from employment, such as people claiming Job Seeker‟s Allowance and Incapacity Benefit. The domain demonstrates that those „employment deprived areas‟ are very focused around specific areas of Croydon with large social housing estates, such as pockets within Ashburton or South Norwood.

Map 10 - Employment Deprivation Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

42 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE In terms of gender, males tend to be more economically active than females with more males in employment or seeking work. These patterns follow wider patterns across England, as the graph below demonstrates:

Figure 30 - Female Economic Activity (Office for National Statistics, Annual Population Survey, 2007-08)

70% 60%

50%

Croydon 40% London 30% England 20%

10%

PopulationWorking-age 0% Employees Self-employed Economically inactive

Figure 31 - Male Economic Activity (Office for National Statistics, Annual Population Survey, 2007-08)

80% 70% 60% 50% Croydon 40% London 30% England 20% 10% 0% Employees Self-employed Economically inactive

Analysing those who are registered unemployed, 28% of Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) claimants are young people aged 18-24 years. This age group represents only a small proportion of the working age-population. This situation is mirrored across London.

43 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Occupational Structure Proportionally, there are fewer people employed in managerial and professional occupations in Croydon than there are across London. There are also stronger concentrations of people employed in administrative, secretarial and skilled trades living in the borough than there are in other areas of London. Figure 32 illustrates this:

Figure 32 – Croydon and London Occupational Structure (Office for National Statistics, Annual Population Survey, 2007-08)

The table overleaf presents a breakdown of the different socio-economic groups within each ward in Croydon. The key findings from this evidence are:

Fairfield and Addiscombe, along with more suburban southern wards such as Kenley, Purley and Sanderstead, have much higher proportions of managers and professionals. Wards in the north of Croydon tend to have fewer professionals and managers and more people employed in administrative or customer service jobs. New Addington and Fieldway have the lowest proportion of people employed in professional and managerial positions and more people employed in other areas, especially manual labour and elementary occupations.

44 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 9 - Croydon Socio-Economic Status by Ward (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001) Admin, Personal Manual secretarial Manager and services and labour and and Professionals sales/customer elementary skilled (%) services occupations trades (%) (%) (%)

Addiscombe 48.66 27.63 12.11 11.60 Ashburton 41.90 29.45 15.01 13.65 Bensham 37.51 29.19 17.62 15.68 Manor Broad Green 33.08 27.12 19.17 20.62 Coulsdon East 47.75 27.18 13.78 11.29 Coulsdon West 51.17 25.69 12.99 10.14 Croham 55.49 25.22 10.50 8.79 Fairfield 59.41 21.63 10.37 8.58 Fieldway 21.35 29.27 20.48 28.91 Heathfield 45.90 28.75 13.46 11.89 Kenley 54.16 24.17 12.05 9.63 New Addington 23.77 31.85 17.54 26.84 Norbury 46.06 27.33 14.58 12.02 Purley 55.77 24.47 11.80 7.96 Sanderstead 53.25 25.81 12.31 8.63 Selhurst 38.61 27.70 16.72 16.97 Selsdon and 49.41 29.08 12.49 9.02 Ballards Shirley 45.03 28.28 14.51 12.18 South 44.91 26.76 15.15 13.17 Norwood Thornton 38.61 29.73 15.76 15.90 Heath Upper 44.97 27.18 14.37 13.49 Norwood Waddon 44.04 26.96 15.09 13.91 West Thornton 35.60 28.31 17.60 18.48 Woodside 40.33 29.59 15.71 14.36 Croydon 44.81 27.30 14.46 13.43 London 53.00 19.70 13.10 13.60 Great Britain 43.00 22.50 15.60 18.60

45 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Skills and education Croydon has a smaller proportion of highly skilled residents of working-age with Level 4 skills and above, in comparison with London. Instead there is a much greater proportion of residents with Level 1 skills or no skills, therefore defined as low or no skills, in Croydon than there is across London. These characteristics are show in Figure 33.

Figure 33 – Skills levels (Office for National Statistics, Annual Population Survey, 2007)

Skills levels in Croydon and London

45% Croydon London 40%

35%

30%

25%

20% % of all skills

15%

10%

5%

0% Low or no skilled Intermdiate Highly skilled

Croydon is in line with London and England on educational scores. GCSE results are slightly below national averages, but Key Stage 2 (KS2) results for English were above national averages, suggesting a potential for future improvement in GCSE attainment.

Figure 34 – Educational attainment (Department of Children, Schools and Families 2008)

Croydon educational attainment

90 80 70 Croydon 60 50 40 London

% % achieving 30 20 England 10 0 GCSE KS2 - English KS2 - Maths

46 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Educational attainment trends suggest that Croydon is closing the gap between its pupils and pupils across England. However, London is improving at a faster rate for most exams:

Figure 35 - Rate of Improvement in Croydon, London and England (Department of Children, Schools and Families 2008)

Rate of Improvement 1997-2007

25%

20%

15% Croydon London 10% England

5%

0% Key Key Key Key Key 5 GCSE‟s Stage 2- Stage 2- Stage 3- Stage 3- Stage 3- A*-C Maths English Maths English Science (Key Stage 4)

The „Education, Skills and Training‟ deprivation domain of the Index of Multiple Deprivation is measured by looking at the quality of education received by children and young people, and the level of skills the working-age population has in Croydon.

As with employment deprivation, there are fewer areas affected by this type of deprivation than other types. The areas with this type of deprivation tend to be the more deprived areas of the north and south-east with large social housing estates. There are varying levels of „Education, Skills and Training‟ deprivation across the borough. The strongest concentration is around the edges of Broad Green, Selhurst and West Thornton wards.

47 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Map 11 - Education, Skills and Training Deprivation Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

48 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Access to Housing and Services The „Barriers to Housing and Other Services‟ deprivation domain is, as in the rest of London, one of the most pressing issues in Croydon. Unlike other forms of deprivation, areas in the south and centre of Croydon fall into the 20% most deprived in England in terms of access to housing and services. In these areas it is difficult to access home ownership and/or social housing, or the distance to basic services, such as GP surgeries, is too long. The focus of this type of deprivation in the south of the borough is common to areas near the outer boundary of London.

Map 12 - Barriers to Housing and Services Deprivation Sub-Domain (Department of Communities and Local Government 2007)

49 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE There is a substantially higher proportion of owner-occupation in Croydon than across London. However, the proportion of social housing is much lower in Croydon, as Figure 36 demonstrates:

Figure 36 - Tenure Patterns (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001)

80%

70%

60%

50% Ownership 40% Social rented Private rented 30%

20%

10%

0% Croydon Outer London London

Analysing data at ward level, it is apparent that wards in the south tend to have a much higher rate of owner-occupation, whilst wards in the north have either a higher rate of social housing or privately rented households. The key findings are:

Wards in the south have a level of owner occupation well in excess of Croydon and regional averages. For example, 93% of households in Selsdon and Ballards ward are owner-occupied.

New Addington and Fieldway have the highest proportions of socially renting households, but there are concentrations of social housing across Croydon. The pattern of social housing mirrors the pattern of children and young people in Croydon, with higher concentrations of children and young people in these areas.

Privately-renting households are concentrated around Croydon town centre and in the most accessible transport nodes in the north of the borough. The pattern of privately-renting households mirrors the pattern of the working age population in Croydon.

50 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 10 - Tenure Patterns in Croydon by Ward (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001) Private Owner Social Rented Rented or Occupiers (%) Other (%) (%) Croydon 68.72 16.79 14.49 Selsdon and Ballards 92.62 2.64 4.75 Sanderstead 88.20 6.79 5.01 Coulsdon West 87.55 5.21 7.24 Coulsdon East 82.75 12.15 5.10 Kenley 82.09 9.39 8.50 Heathfield 81.91 9.37 8.73 Purley 81.65 7.93 10.42 Shirley 77.08 17.46 5.46 Norbury 73.15 12.43 14.42 Ashburton 72.97 19.74 7.29 Bensham Manor 70.12 9.84 20.04 Croham 69.69 8.48 21.82 West Thornton 68.02 12.04 19.94 Woodside 65.70 17.63 16.67 Upper Norwood 65.55 21.00 13.45 Addiscombe 65.42 14.60 19.98 Thornton Heath 64.09 18.44 17.45 South Norwood 62.54 18.20 19.26 Waddon 61.40 22.82 15.77 New Addington 54.80 40.10 5.08 Broad Green 54.34 27.38 18.28 Selhurst 53.71 26.30 19.99 Fairfield 51.93 15.70 32.37 Fieldway 38.35 57.17 4.48

51 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The tenure patterns of Croydon also reflect the type of housing in the borough. Unlike London there is a higher proportion of housing that has historically been more popular for owner occupations, such as detached, semi-detached and terraced housing, whilst there is a smaller proportion of residential property that is classified as flats. The chart below shows the proportions of different types of housing in Croydon, London and England.

Figure 37 – Housing Types in Croydon (Office for National Statistics, Census 2001)

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

Detached Semi-detached 30.00% Terraced Flats Other

20.00%

10.00%

0.00% Croydon London England

The Private Sector House Condition Survey (2002) is the most recent source of data on the condition of housing in the borough. According to the survey 8.2% of private sector housing is classed as „unfit‟; this is mainly due to the house being in structural disrepair (38.5%) or the poor condition of facilities for preparing food (53.2%). There are greater proportions of houses being classed as „unfit‟, depending on the tenure and the type of housing.

15% of privately rented houses are classed as unfit, which is a greater proportion compared with other types of tenure 16.8% of converted flats (houses that are converted into flats) are classed as unfit, which is the highest proportion out of all housing types in Croydon.

52 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Figure 38 – Levels of Unfitness in Croydon by Tenure % of housing classed as Unfit (LB Croydon Private Sector Housing Condition Survey)

16%

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0% Housing Association Owner-Occupied Vacant Dwellings Private Rented

Figure 39 – Levels of Unfitness in Croydon by Housing Type (LB Croydon Private Sector Housing Condition Survey)

% of housing classed as Unfit

18%

16%

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0% Detached Purpose built flat Semi-detached Mid Terrace End Terrace Converted flat

53 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Statistical Appendix

This section contains all the statistical data used in the borough profile in tabular form. This is for users who need to access the actual figures for funding bids or other calculations.

54 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Our People

Table 1 - Population (Greater London Authority 20081) Croydon London Population 335,094 7,625,646

Table 2 - Gender (Greater London Authority 20082) Croydon London

(%) (%) Male 48.13 48.37 Female 51.87 51.63

Table 3 – In-migration (Greater London Authority 20083) Croydon In-migration within borough 13951 % of population 4.22% In-migration from outside borough, but within UK 13999 % of ward population 4.23% In-migration from outside UK 3025 % of population 0.92%

Table 4 - National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals (Department for Work and Pensions 20094) Major Regional Groups Croydon Highly skilled 300 SE Asia 1500 Other 620 Europe 1435 Africa (ex. SA) 995 A8 1545

1 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 2 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 3 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 4 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/

55 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 5 - Migration to and from Croydon 2001-07 (Greater London Authority 20075) Outflow Inflow Net Camden 790 880 90 City of London 40 30 -10 Hackney 690 1040 350 Hammersmith and 650 1040 390 Fulham Haringey 740 1120 380 Islington 630 830 200 Kensington and 420 640 220 Chelsea Lambeth 7790 19170 11380 Lewisham 3690 5270 1580 Newham 860 1400 540 Southwark 3020 5920 2900 Tower Hamlets 680 740 60 Wandsworth 3570 7900 4330 Westminster 990 1010 20 Barking and 390 330 -60 Dagenham Barnet 770 820 50 Bexley 930 550 -380 Brent 780 1300 520 Bromley 9660 6900 -2760 Croydon - - - Ealing 880 1050 170 Enfield 710 730 20 Greenwich 1450 1310 -140 Harrow 680 620 -60 Havering 230 170 -60 Hillingdon 720 590 -130 Hounslow 670 770 100 Kingston upon 1100 910 -190 Thames Merton 4360 6930 2570 Redbridge 610 620 10 Richmond upon 690 540 -150 Thames Sutton 7890 5660 -2230 Waltham Forest 620 790 170 Total 57700 77580 19880

5 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/

56 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE

Table 6 - Migration to and from Croydon 2001-07 (Greater London Authority 20076) Outflow Inflow Net Reigate and 4080 1770 -2310 Banstead Tandridge 9300 3820 -5480 Total 46020 19210 -26810

Table 7 - Age Structure (Greater London Authority, 20077) Croydon London Age groups (%) (%) Children & Young 25.86 24.13 People aged 0-4 6.52 6.85 aged 5-9 6.31 5.97 aged 10-14 6.51 5.68 aged 15-19 6.52 5.63

Working Age 56.76 60.42 People aged 20-24 5.36 6.14 aged 25-29 7.47 10.16 aged 30-34 8.24 10.37 aged 35-39 8.43 9.11 aged 40-44 8.41 7.95 aged 45-49 7.21 6.45 aged 50-54 5.98 5.28 aged 55-59 5.67 4.97

Older People 17.37 15.44 aged 60-64 4.56 3.83 aged 65-69 3.56 3.21 aged 70-74 3.12 2.77 aged 75-79 2.53 2.34 aged 80-84 1.94 1.76 aged 85-89 1.08 0.97 aged 90+ 0.59 0.56

6 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 7 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/

57 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 8 - Age Structure by Gender (Greater London Authority, 20078) Age groups Males Females Children & Young People 43,645 41,406 aged 0-4 11,798 11,203 aged 5-9 10,136 9,767 aged 10-14 10,672 10,049 aged 15-19 11,038 10,387

Working Age People 93,141 97,136 aged 20-24 9,502 9,198 aged 25-29 11,652 12,357 aged 30-34 13,885 14,083 aged 35-39 13,686 13,644 aged 40-44 13,321 14,197 aged 45-49 12,100 13,536 aged 50-54 10,361 10,916 aged 55-59 8,633 9,203

Older People 26,899 32,866 aged 60-64 7,973 8,597 aged 65-69 5,836 6,374 aged 70-74 4,696 5,588 aged 75-79 3,706 4,759 aged 80-84 2,628 3,721 aged 85-89 1,458 2,503 aged 90+ 603 1,324

8 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/

58 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 9 - Projections by Age 2001-2026 (Greater London Authority 20089) Children and Young Area Working Age Older People Total People Num % Num % Num % Num % Croydon -7,971 -2.36 -8,960 -2.63 16,693 4.99 -238 -0.07% Addiscombe -210 -0.40 -673 -1.55 195 1.95 -688 -4.38% Ashburton -223 -1.83 -446 -3.60 769 5.44 101 0.74% Bensham -118 -4.64 977 -2.79 1,753 7.43 2,612 16.00% Manor Broad 806 2.27 706 -1.10 4 -1.17 1,516 10.03% Green Coulsdon -561 -2.47 -1,456 -7.72 884 10.19 -1,133 -9.17% East Coulsdon -574 -4.53 -588 -4.90 1,300 9.43 138 1.03% West Croham -921 -4.10 -1,472 -2.19 486 6.29 -1,906 -12.93% Fairfield 396 -2.64 4,151 3.23 873 -0.58 5,420 37.26% Fieldway -313 -5.32 -2,908 5.18 130 0.13 -3,092 7.47% Heathfield -665 -2.57 371 -7.75 929 10.32 634 -11.18% Kenley 236 1.05 2,117 -2.59 282 1.54 2,634 2.50% New 4 -3.23 -1,459 2.76 262 0.47 -1,193 10.94% Addington Norbury -79 -0.18 -642 -4.39 590 4.58 -130 -1.50% Purley 791 2.18 2,351 -6.50 993 4.32 4,134 13.99% Sanderstead -402 -1.18 -2,640 -5.70 520 6.88 -2,521 -8.61% Selhurst -552 -2.65 841 -2.14 589 4.79 878 -4.52% Selsdon and -651 -3.06 -1,793 -12.50 1,433 15.56 -1,010 -10.18% Ballards Shirley -972 -5.17 -2,621 -3.50 908 8.67 -2,685 -7.66% South -479 -0.94 -958 -0.73 10 1.67 -1,427 -9.61% Norwood Thornton -737 -2.66 -1,540 -5.64 950 8.31 -1,327 -8.85% Heath Upper -1,122 -4.68 -1,402 -1.79 461 6.46 -2,063 -14.34% Norwood Waddon 521 2.93 -113 -2.69 50 -0.25 458 3.36% West -847 -5.51 85 -0.56 1,077 6.07 315 1.88% Thornton Woodside -1,299 -7.24 -590 -1.37 -1,692 8.61 -3,581 -4.03%

9 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/

59 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 10 - Population Projections (Greater London Authority 200810) Population projections Croydon (year and age band) 0-19 89119 2001 20-59 189852 60+ 56508 0-19 85309 2006 20-59 187230 60+ 57307 0-19 84820 2011 20-59 193307 60+ 60678 0-19 82578 2016 20-59 191742 60+ 63122 0-19 81466 2021 20-59 186919 60+ 67470 0-19 81148 2026 20-59 180892 60+ 73201

Table 11 - Ethnicity (Greater London Authority 200811) Croydon Ealing Enfield Redbridge London Ethnicity (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) White 60.22 53.86 69.65 52.26 65.85 Black Caribbean 10.06 4.28 6.48 4.64 4.85 Black African 6.59 3.52 6.35 4.73 6.35 Black Other 3.94 2.24 2.83 1.91 2.71 Indian 8.26 15.70 4.51 16.85 6.80 Pakistani 3.17 4.14 0.83 8.93 2.43 Bangladeshi 0.74 0.42 1.71 3.09 2.52 Chinese 0.55 1.46 1.05 0.85 1.41 Other Asian 3.89 5.76 3.32 5.04 3.25 Other 2.57 8.62 3.26 1.70 3.83

10 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 11 http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/

60 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 12 - 5-16 yr old population change by ethnic origin- Croydon (LB Croydon, Pupil Level Annual School Census 2003-0812) Any Other Any Other Any Other Black - Black White Indian Asian Mixed White African Caribbean British Background Background Background 2003 2121 1085 3363 4860 1210 1527 23118 2004 2032 1211 3731 5027 1268 1611 22335 2005 2054 1345 3903 5004 1302 1627 21229 2006 2067 1522 4284 4908 1472 1760 20219 2007 2052 1754 4635 4928 1448 1905 18740 2008 2093 1901 4866 4939 1616 2144 17537

Table 13 – Religion and Belief (Office for National Statistics, Census 200113) Croydon London England

(%) (%) (%) Christian 65.1 58.2 71.7 Buddhist 0.5 0.8 0.3 Hindu 5.1 4.1 1.1 Jewish 0.3 2.1 0.5 Muslim 5.3 8.5 3.1 Sikh 0.4 1.5 0.7 Any other religion 0.6 0.5 0.3 No religion 14.7 15.8 14.6 Religion Not Stated 8.1 8.7 7.7

Table 14 - Self-Reported Health (Office for National Statistics, Census 200114) Croydon London England

(%) (%) (%) Good Health 70.71 70.82 68.76 Fairly Good Health 21.73 20.90 22.21 Not Good Health 7.56 8.28 9.03

12 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 13 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 14 http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/

61 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE

Table 15 - Health Indicators (London Health Observatory 200815)

)

17

-

2006)

-

2006)

(years)

-

(years)

2006)

-

aged 15 aged

2006)

-

(2002

Teenage pregnancy pregnancy Teenage

Cancer SMR (2002 SMR Cancer

Cardiovascular Disease SMR SMR Disease Cardiovascular

Male life expectancy life Male

All causes SMR (2002 SMR causes All

Number of births (2004 births of Number

Female life expectancy life Female

% births with a low birth weight birth low a with births % (rate per 1000 females 1000 per (rate

Croydon 105.2 95.7 99.3 77.1 80.9 14,596 8.1 56 London 105.8 98.2 98.4 76.7 81.4 350,590 8.0 45 England 100.0 100.0 100.0 76.9 81.2 1,855,960 7.6 41

Table 16 - Childhood Obesity Levels Among Reception Class Age Children (Croydon NHS, 2007-0816) Children classed as Children classed Children classed as obese as overweight obese or overweight (%) (%) (%) Croydon 10.9 12.8 23.7 London 10.9 12.0 22.9 England 9.6 13.0 22.6

Table 17 - Childhood Obesity Levels Among Reception Class Age Children by Ethnicity (Croydon NHS, 2007-0817) Number Obese Overweight Obese or measured (%) (%) overweight (%) White British 2513 9.5% 13.8% 23.3% White Irish and White Other 344 9.9% 14.5% 24.4% Mixed 743 8.7% 11.8% 20.5% Asian or Asian British 880 11.0% 7.3% 18.3% Black or Black British 1635 15.5% 14.5% 30.0% Chinese or other ethnic group 165 12.1% 9.1% 21.2% Unknown 245 15.5% 11.0% 26.5%

15 http://www.lho.org.uk/DATAANDMETHODS/Local_Data/PCTIndicators.aspx 16 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 17 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/

62 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 18 - Childhood Obesity Levels Among Reception Class Age Children by Ward and Area (Croydon NHS, 2006-0818) Number Obese Overweight Obese or measured (%) (%) overweight (%) Ward Selsdon and Ballards 153 5.2 12.4 17.6 Croham 222 7.2 10.8 18.0 Purley 209 6.7 11.5 18.2 Coulsdon West 214 7.0 11.2 18.2 Sanderstead 204 5.9 13.7 19.6 Waddon 248 11.7 10.5 22.2 Shirley 263 12.2 10.3 22.4 Coulsdon East 226 10.2 12.4 22.6 West Thornton 297 12.5 10.4 22.9 Heathfield 235 8.9 14.0 23.0 Addiscombe 262 10.7 12.6 23.3 Norbury 180 8.9 14.4 23.3 South Norwood 226 11.5 12.8 24.3 Thornton Heath 345 12.5 12.5 24.9 Kenley 231 6.9 18.2 25.1 Fieldway 351 13.4 12.0 25.4 Selhurst 365 13.2 12.9 26.0 New Addington 250 11.6 14.8 26.4 Upper Norwood 212 11.8 14.6 26.4 Woodside 349 11.7 14.9 26.6 Broad Green 371 16.2 11.3 27.5 Fairfield 173 12.1 15.6 27.7 Bensham Manor 266 20.7 8.6 29.3 Ashburton 253 15.8 16.6 32.4

Area North 1436 13.0 12.8 25.8 West 1199 14.2 12.5 26.7 Central 1382 12.2 12.4 24.6 East 912 11.0 13.9 24.9 South 1596 7.6 12.2 19.8

Table 19 - Infant Mortality (London Health Observatory 2005-0719) Infant deaths per 1,000 live births Croydon 6.2 South West London 4.3 Outer London 4.7 London 4.8

18 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/ 19http://www.lho.org.uk/viewResource.aspx?id=10135

63 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Our Place

Table 20 - Place Survey (LB Croydon 200820) Place Survey Croydon Outer London England Indicators (%) London (%) (%) (%) Satisfied with your local 71 72 75 86 area Belonging to your 51 52 52 59 neighbourhood Agree that this is a place 77 75 76 76 where people from different backgrounds get on well together People not treating each 39 37 37 31 other with respect and consideration is a problem Agree that you can 34 34 35 28 influence local decisions Rate of civic participation 15 n/a 17 14 Rate of volunteering 23 21 21 23 Feel unsafe after dark 45 42 45 n/a

Fair treatment by public 67 69 67 72 services

Table 21 - Total Notifiable Offences (TNOs) (Metropolitan Police 2008-0921) Types of crime Croydon Theft and Handling 9037 30.39% Violence Against the Person 6204 20.86% Criminal Damage 4634 15.58% Burglary 3647 12.26% Robbery 1581 5.32% Drugs 2348 7.90% Fraud or Forgery 1594 5.36% Sexual Offences 355 1.19% Other Notifiable Offences 339 1.14% Total crime 29739 100% Crime rate (incidents per 1000 population) 95

20 www.croydon.gov.uk (Please note that the Place Survey data is based on the most available data from the Department for Communities and Local Government, at the time of publication, and may have been updated since the publication of this profile) 21 http://maps.met.police.uk/tables.htm

64 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 22 – Recorded Hate Crime Incidents in Croydon (Metropolitan Police Service April 2008 to March 200922) Domestic Racial Faith Homophobic Disability Violence Addiscombe 96 10 2 0 0 Ashburton 86 0 0 0 1 Bensham 132 9 0 2 0 Manor Broad 186 18 1 1 0 Green Coulsdon 48 6 0 2 0 East Coulsdon 49 7 0 1 0 West Croham 103 10 0 0 0 Fairfield 141 31 1 2 1 Fieldway 109 5 0 0 0 Heathfield 66 6 0 1 0 Kenley 67 4 0 1 0 New 105 10 0 0 0 Addington Norbury 91 4 0 0 0 Purley 45 8 0 0 0 Sanderstead 33 2 0 0 0 Selhurst 187 12 0 0 0 Selsdon and 31 1 0 0 0 Ballards Shirley 76 3 0 0 0 South 155 6 0 1 0 Norwood Thornton 139 14 0 2 0 Heath Upper 102 6 0 0 0 Norwood Waddon 139 8 0 1 0 West 122 11 2 0 0 Thornton Woodside 163 1 0 1 0 Croydon 2471 192 6 12 2

22 http://www.croydonobservatory.org/Borough/

65 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Our Prosperity Table 23 - Economic Activity (Office for National Statistics, Annual Population Survey 2007-0823) Economic Activity Croydon London England Economically active 166,951 3,580,386 23,756,707 % of total pop 70% 68% 67% Economically active: employees 130,988 2,716,919 18,695,282 % of econ active 78.46% 75.88% 78.69% Economically active: Employee: 24,240 456,742 4,196,041 Part-time % of econ active 14.52% 12.76% 17.66% Economically active: Self- 10,086 229,218 1,362,707 employed without employees (full-time) % of econ active 6.04% 6.4% 5.74% Economically active: 9,163 231,052 1,188,855 unemployed % of econ active 5.49% 6.45% 5% Economically inactive 71,126 1,719,946 11,775,384 % of total pop 30% 32% 33%

Table 24 - Benefit Claimants (Office for National Statistics, Annual Population Survey 2007-0824) Croydon London England Benefit Claimants (%) (%) (%) Total claimants (% of 13.7 13.9 14.2 working age pop) Job Seekers Allowance 2.5 2.5 2.4 (% of working age pop) Incapacity Benefit 5.5 6.0 7.0 (% of working age pop) Lone Parents 3.3 3.0 2.0 (% of working age pop)

23https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431879/report.aspx?town=croyd on 24https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431879/report.aspx?town=croyd on

66 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 25 – Occupational Structure (Office for National Statistics, Census 200125)

Major Occupational Groups

Admin, Personal Manual secretarial Manager and services and labour and and Professionals sales/customer elementary skilled (%) services occupations trades (%) (%) (%)

Addiscombe 48.66 27.63 12.11 11.60 Ashburton 41.90 29.45 15.01 13.65 Bensham 37.51 29.19 17.62 15.68 Manor Broad Green 33.08 27.12 19.17 20.62 Coulsdon East 47.75 27.18 13.78 11.29 Coulsdon West 51.17 25.69 12.99 10.14 Croham 55.49 25.22 10.50 8.79 Fairfield 59.41 21.63 10.37 8.58 Fieldway 21.35 29.27 20.48 28.91 Heathfield 45.90 28.75 13.46 11.89 Kenley 54.16 24.17 12.05 9.63 New Addington 23.77 31.85 17.54 26.84 Norbury 46.06 27.33 14.58 12.02 Purley 55.77 24.47 11.80 7.96 Sanderstead 53.25 25.81 12.31 8.63 Selhurst 38.61 27.70 16.72 16.97 Selsdon and 49.41 29.08 12.49 9.02 Ballards Shirley 45.03 28.28 14.51 12.18 South 44.91 26.76 15.15 13.17 Norwood Thornton 38.61 29.73 15.76 15.90 Heath Upper 44.97 27.18 14.37 13.49 Norwood Waddon 44.04 26.96 15.09 13.91 West Thornton 35.60 28.31 17.60 18.48 Woodside 40.33 29.59 15.71 14.36 Croydon 44.81 27.30 14.46 13.43 London 53.00 19.70 13.10 13.60 Great Britain 43.00 22.50 15.60 18.60

25https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431879/report.aspx?town=croyd on

67 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 26 - Skills and Qualifications (Office for National Statistics, Annual Population Survey 2007-0826) Croydon London England (%) (%) (%) Low or no skilled 39.55 36.74 45.48 (NVQ Level 1 or lower) Intermediate Skilled 30.72 26.84 27.69 (NVQ Level 2 or 3) Highly skilled 23.62 30.99 19.9 (NVQ Level 4+)

Table 27 - Educational Attainment (Department for Children Schools and Families 200827) Croydon London England (%) (%) (%) GCSE Attainment (5 A*-C) 58.8 60.9 62 Key Stage 2 (English) 81 80 80 Key Stage 2 (Maths) 75 76 77

Table 28 - Educational Improvement 1997-2007 (Department for Children Schools and Families 200828) Croydon London England (%) (%) (%) Key Stage 2- Maths 14 17 15 Key Stage 2- English 18 20 17 Key Stage 3- Maths 20 22 16 Key Stage 3- English 22 21 17 Key Stage 3- Science 15 18 13 5 GCSE‟s A*-C (Key Stage 4) 18.4 20.5 16.9

Table 29 - Housing Tenure (Office for National Statistics, Census 200129) Croydon London England (%) (%) (%) Ownership 68.72 56.52 68.07 Social rented 16.79 26.21 19.26 Private rented or other 14.49 17.27 12.02

26https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431879/report.aspx?town=croyd on 27http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/inyourarea/ 28 http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/inyourarea/ 29 http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/

68 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Table 30 – Housing Types (Office for National Statistics, Census 200130) Semi- Detached detached Terraced Flats Other (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Croydon 12.44 25.23 29.95 31.75 0.64 London 6.04 19.13 25.93 47.89 1.01 England 22.51 31.57 25.84 19.30 0.78

Table 31 – Unfitness Levels by Tenure (LB Croydon Private Sector House Condition Survey31) % of housing classed as Unfit Housing 7.0 Association Owner- 7.10 Occupied Vacant 9.50 Dwellings Private 15.0 Rented

Table 32 – Unfitness Levels by Housing Type (LB Croydon Private Sector House Condition Survey32) % of housing classed as Unfit Detached 2.30 Purpose 4.70 built flat Semi- 6.30 detached Mid 10.10 Terrace End 10.20 Terrace Converted 16.80 flat

30 http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/ 31 http://www.croydon.gov.uk/democracy/dande/policies/housing/strategies/surveys 32 http://www.croydon.gov.uk/democracy/dande/policies/housing/strategies/surveys

69 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Statistical Glossary In partnership with Renaisi, Croydon‟s Local Strategic Partnership has completed a community profiling exercise for the borough consisting of a detailed borough profile, alongside 24 individual ward profiles. This has been informed through statistical analysis using a number of sources (internal and external to the Council). This supplement summarises the statistical data sources used to complete these exercises.

70 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE About the Data Sources

Croydon Council has completed a community profiling exercise based on a thorough statistical analysis of data from a number of different sources. The sources and terms used are described below.

Children and young people are defined as those persons who are aged between 0- 19 years of age. Working age people (or people of working age) are defined as those persons who are aged between 20-59 years of age. Older people are defined as those persons who are aged 60 years of age or over.

The Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) classification refers to local people belonging to Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other ethnic groups.

The Minority Ethnic classification refers to local people belonging to Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other, White Irish and White Other ethnic groups.

Data on National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals (shown in Table 6 within the „Statistical Appendix‟) provides a robust indication of the major international migrant groups that have recently migrated into the ward and Croydon from abroad.

Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) is the death rate calculated to enable fair comparison between areas by allowing for age and sex differences in the composition of the population of areas. SMR is expressed as a ratio of the average value: values greater than 100 indicate higher than average mortality, values less than 100 indicate lower than average mortality.

Childhood obesity is problematic to measure. The assessment of overweight and obesity in children needs to take account of the different growth patterns of girls and boys at each age and so a universal classification cannot be used to define obesity in children as is the case with adults. The UK National Body Mass Index percentile classification (based on the UK 1990 reference population) is currently used. This uses a BMI threshold at each age above which a child is considered overweight or obese. BMIs over the 85th percentile are defined as overweight and over the 95th percentile as obese.

NHS Termination of Pregnancy (NHS TOPs) is an NHS-funded medically directed miscarriage prior to independent viability, using pharmacological or surgical means. In 2006, NHS TOPs covers 87% of legal abortions in the United Kingdom33.

Infant mortality rate is defined as deaths under one year of age per 1,000 live births.

33 http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Termination-of-Pregnancy-(TOP).htm

71 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a combination of economic, social and housing indicators into a single deprivation score for a small area known as a Lower Super Output Area. Within the IMD there are seven separate domains and two supplementary domains measuring income deprivation affecting children and older people, as shown in the table below.

Table 1- Index of Multiple Deprivation Descriptions (Department of Communities and Local Government 2008)

Domain Description

Measures the proportion of the population experiencing income deprivation, Income such as the number of people claiming income-tested benefits.

Measures the proportion of working-age people involuntarily excluded from Employment employment (the number of people claiming out-of-work benefits) such as job seeker‟s allowance or incapacity benefit.

Measures the level of poor health, early mortality and disability in an area, such Health and as „years of potential life lost‟, comparative illness and disability ratio and Disability measures of acute morbidity.

Measures the level of education deprivation relating to the quality of education Education, received by children and young people, and skills deprivation relating to the training and skills level of skills working-age people have in the area.

Barriers to Measures the barriers to housing, such as access to owner-occupation, and housing and barriers to services, such as the road distance to a GP or post office. services

Measures the rate of recorded crime on four major crime types (burglary, theft, Crime criminal damage and violence) that represent the greatest risk of victimisation.

Living Measures the quality of the „indoor environment‟, such as the condition of Environment housing, and the quality of the „outdoor environment‟, such as air quality.

Income Measures the proportion of children aged 0-15 living in income deprived Deprivation households (income deprivation as defined by the income deprivation domain). Affecting Children

Income Deprivation Measures the proportion of older people aged 60+ living in income deprived Affecting Older households (income deprivation as defined by the income deprivation domain). People

72 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE The Experian Mosaic Classification is a social classification index allowing public sector agencies to better understand the different types of people living in an area. In Croydon there are six major groups set out below:

Table 2 - Mosaic Descriptions (Mosaic Experian 2008) Major Mosaic Description Segment Symbols of Success have high incomes and are settled in their work, often in Symbol of senior management positions. They have expensive leisure activities and are Success predominantly White British (although not exclusively). These people live in secure suburban homes and their children are becoming independent, and work is less of a challenge. Whilst they rarely earn Secure Suburbia significant wealth, they have personal equity locked into their homes and investments. These people live in established communities who traditionally married young Community with manual jobs. They often have young children and a close support Perspectives network of friends and family. This group is categorised by younger residents who are well educated and Urban are open to new ideas and influences. In these areas there are generally Intelligence fewer children and more of a transient population, such as students. These neighbourhoods are characterised by small local authority flats, Social occupied by people with low-paying jobs or in receipt of social benefits. Dependents Levels of social deprivation are high. Blue Collar Enterprise comprises people who are practical and enterprising in their orientation. Many of these people live in what were once council estates Blue Collar but where tenants have exercised their right to buy. They own their cars, Enterprise provide a reliable source of labour to local employers and are streetwise consumers.

Total Notifiable Offences (TNO) is the measure of crime. TNOs are all indictable and triable either-way offences, plus certain summary offences which the Metropolitan Police is required to count and collate for statistical purposes, according to the Home Office Counting Rules and National Crime Recording Standard.

Recorded hate crime incidents are split by the Metropolitan Police Service into five types:

1. Domestic violence: any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults, aged 18 and over, who are or have been intimate partners or family members34, regardless of gender and sexuality 2. Racial: any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person 3. Faith: any offence where the offender demonstrates hostility based on the victim’s membership of a religious group 4. Homophobic: any incident which is perceived to be homophobic by the victim or any other person 5. Disability: any offence where the offender demonstrates hostility based on the victim’s actual or perceived disability

34 Family member is defined by the Association of Chief Police Officers as either “mother, father, son, daughter, brother, sister and grandparents, whether directly related, in-laws or step family”

73 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Please note that a recorded incident is not a Notifiable Offence, but that some recorded incidents may become a Notifiable Offence.

Skills and qualifications are defined in four levels:

Level 1 equivalent: fewer than 5 GCSEs at grades A*-C, foundation GNVQ, NVQ 1, intermediate 1 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent. Level 2 equivalent: 5 or more GCSEs at grades A*-C, intermediate GNVQ, NVQ 2, intermediate 2 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent. Level 3 equivalent: 2 or more A Levels, advanced GNVQ, NVQ 3, 2 or higher or advanced higher national qualifications (Scotland) or equivalent. Level 4 equivalent and above: Higher National Diploma, Degree and Higher Degree level qualifications or equivalent.

Housing is classed as „unfit‟ if it fails to meet one or more of the requirements of the Fitness Standard set out in Section 604 of 1985 Housing Act (As Amended by the 1989 Local Government and Housing Act). The two most common reasons, in practice, for houses failing to pass the fitness standard is due to the poor condition of facilities for preparing food or structural instability. The full requirements are set out in the box below which is taken from the LB Croydon Private Sector House Condition Survey (2002)

Figure 1: Fitness Standard (LB Croydon Private Sector House Condition Survey 2002)

74 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Data source profiles

Office for National Statistics (ONS) – www.statistics.gov.uk The ONS site provides free demographic data, obtained on user-defined geographic areas using Output Areas and Super Output Areas as building blocks. Much of the data is from the 2001 census, with 2004 projections. The next census is due for 2011. The ONS was used as the main source for:

. Population of each ward . Population density of each ward . Age, ethnicity and faith profile of each ward . Live births and deaths

Nomis - www.nomisweb.co.uk Nomis, a service provided by ONS, gives free access to the most detailed and up-to- date UK labour market statistics from official sources, detailed at ward (and higher denominations) level. Nomis was used as the main source for:

. Occupational structure of each ward . Skills levels of each ward . Economic activity rates in each ward . Number of benefit claimants in each ward

London Borough of Croydon (LBC) – www.croydon.gov.uk Croydon Council‟s Department for Children, Young People and Learners provided statistical information on the language and ethnicity of school-aged children at a ward level since 2001. Croydon Council‟s Strategy and Analysis Team provided migration data, broken down by ethnicity.

Croydon Council also provided the main statistical data on resident perceptions in Croydon through the Place Survey and Talkabout Croydon Citizen Panel Surveys.

Crime data, in particular data on the overall level of crime and hate crime, was provided by the Safer Croydon Partnership Unit: www.croydon.gov.uk/community/safercroydon/scp The Safer Croydon Partnership is the statutory body responsible for co-ordinating the development and implementation of Croydon‟s Crime Reduction Strategy. The Partnership comprises public sector agencies, businesses and voluntary and community organisations.

Croydon NHS Data on childhood obesity is provided by Croydon NHS (Croydon Primary Care Trust) as part of the National Child Measurement Programme.

75 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Greater London Authority (GLA) Data Management Analysis Group (DMAG) GLA‟s DMAG deals with various types of socio-economic and demographic data and its management and analysis. It has particular expertise in the analysis of government-generated data sets such as the Census, Labour Force Survey, population estimates, and unemployment and welfare benefits data. DMAG was the main data source for:

. Population movement and migration for each ward . Population projections, including age, statistical projections for each ward . National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals for each ward

London Health Observatory (LHO) - www.lho.org.uk The LHO produces information, data and intelligence on the health and health care of the 7.8 million people who live in London. It provides up-to-date information for health practitioners, policy-makers and researchers to assist with commissioning and policy decisions. LHO use a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) to estimate health statistics for a given year. The LHO was used as the main data source for:

. Standardised Mortality Rate for Cardiovascular Disease by ward . Standardised Mortality Rate for Cancer by ward . Standardised Mortality Rate for all causes . Life expectancy for males and females by ward . Low birth weight . Teenage pregnancy . Infant Mortality

Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) for Croydon 2008/09 JNSAs became a statutory duty of Local Authorities and Primary Care Trusts in April 2008. JSNAs are an ongoing process which involves identifying population need across a number of priority areas and assessing current service provision. Alongside the Council and NHS Croydon, voluntary sector representatives including Croydon LINks are on the project board. The Joint Strategic Needs Assessment provided information on teenage pregnancy.

Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) - http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/inyourarea/statics/wards_lea_306_0.shtml The DCSF website provides up to date information on educational attainment at the ward level. The DCSF was used as the main data source for:

. Key Stage 2 . Key Stage 3 . 5 GCSEs A*-C

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2007 - www.communities.gov.uk/communities/neighbourhoodrenewal/deprivation/deprivati on07 The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 combines a number of indicators, chosen to cover a range of economic, social and housing issues, into a single deprivation score

76 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE for each small area in England. This allows each area to be ranked relative to one another according to their level of deprivation. The Indices are used widely to analyse patterns of deprivation, identify areas that would benefit from special initiatives or programmes and as a tool to determine eligibility for specific funding streams.

Mosaic (Experian Mosaic) Mosaic UK is Experian‟s people classification system. It classifies the UK population into 11 main socio-economic groups and, within this, 61 different types. Mosaic is also a global consumer classification tool. London Borough of Croydon uses MOSAIC and has developed 6 bespoke groups for the borough.

77 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Detailed data sources Data Source Further information Population Ward and borough GLA GLA DMAG 2007 Round Projections population Age and age-based GLA GLA DMAG 2007 Round Projections projections Overseas Nationals DWP National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals Ethnicity and faith Ethnicity ONS Data categorised standard 16 ethnic group classification 5-16 yr old PLASC Data from Croydon Council using PLASC population by ethnic (Pupil Level Analysis School Census) origin Health Health and ONS 2001 Census wellbeing Cardiovascular LHO All persons 2002-2006 trend estimation disease Cancer rate LHO All persons 2002-2006 trend estimation Life expectancy LHO Male and Female 2002-2006 trend estimation % births with a low LHO 2004-2006 trends. Low birth weight defined as <2500 birth weight grams Childhood obesity Croydon % of Reception Class aged children (4-5 year olds) who NHS are either obese or overweight Infant mortality LHO Deaths under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births (2005-07) Teenage JSNA Data sourced originally from LHO, for 2004-06 trends pregnancies Social classification data Index of Multiple DCLG Data sourced from DCLG Deprivation MOSAIC LBC Data sourced from Experian MOSAIC Crime Crime breakdown MPS 2008-09 (Total Notifiable Offences) data Economy Economic Activity ONS 2001 Census (NOMIS) Benefits claimants ONS Department for Work and Pensions (2008) data (NOMIS) Socio-economic ONS 2001 Census status (NOMIS) Skills and education Skills ONS The following definitions apply: Highly skilled (Level 4+) – Level 4/5 qualifications cover: First Degree, Higher Degree, NVQ levels 4 and 5; HNC; HND;

78 CROYDON BOROUGH PROFILE Qualified Teacher Status; Qualified Medical Doctor; Qualified Dentist; Qualified Nurse; Midwife; or Health Visitor.

Intermediate skills (Levels 2 & 3) - Level 2 qualifications cover: 5+'O' level passes; 5+ CSE (grade 1's); 5+GCSEs (grades A-C); School Certificate; 1+'A' levels/'AS' levels; NVQ level 2; or Intermediate GNVQ. Level 3 qualifications cover: 2+ 'A' levels; 4+ 'AS' levels; Higher School Certificate; NVQ level 3; or Advanced GNVQ.

Low or no skills - Level 1 qualifications cover: 1+'O' level passes; 1+ CSE/GCSE any grades; NVQ level 1; or Foundation level GNVQ.

Education DCSF Data is for 2008. GCSE attainment defined as achieving attainment 5 A*-C grades. Key Stage 2 attainment is defined as achieving Level 4. Housing tenure Tenure ONS 2001 Census Housing Type ONS 2001 Census Unfit Housing LB LB Croydon Private Sector House Condition Survey Croydon (2002)

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