Dissociation of Per1 and Bmal1 Circadian Rhythms in The
Dissociation of Per1 and Bmal1 circadian rhythms in PNAS PLUS the suprachiasmatic nucleus in parallel with behavioral outputs Daisuke Onoa,1,2, Sato Honmab,1,3, Yoshihiro Nakajimac, Shigeru Kurodad, Ryosuke Enokia,b,e, and Ken-ichi Honmab aPhotonic Bioimaging Section, Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan; bDepartment of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan; cHealth Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; dResearch Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; and ePrecursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Edited by Joseph S. Takahashi, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, and approved March 28, 2017 (received for review August 11, 2016) The temporal order of physiology and behavior in mammals is The expression of Per genes in the SCN is activated by a timed primarily regulated by the circadian pacemaker located in the exposure to light, which phase shifts the circadian pacemaker (8, hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Taking advantage of 9). The phase-dependent phase shifts of clock gene expression bioluminescence reporters, we monitored the circadian rhythms of are regarded as a key mechanism by which the circadian pace- the expression of clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in the SCN of freely maker is entrained to a LD cycle. Light signals from the retina moving mice and found that the rate of phase shifts induced by a stimulate the expression of Per genes, perturbing the core loop single light pulse was different in the two rhythms.
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