Processing Temporal Presuppositions: an Event-Related Potential Study
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Influence of Action Video Gaming Experience on the Perception of Emotional Faces and Emotional Word Meaning
Hindawi Neural Plasticity Volume 2021, Article ID 8841156, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8841156 Research Article The Influence of Action Video Gaming Experience on the Perception of Emotional Faces and Emotional Word Meaning Yuening Yan ,1,2 Yi Li ,1,2 Xinyu Lou,1,2 Senqi Li,1,2 Yutong Yao,3 Diankun Gong ,1,2 Weiyi Ma ,4 and Guojian Yan 1,2 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China 2Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China 3Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK 4School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Diankun Gong; [email protected], Weiyi Ma; [email protected], and Guojian Yan; [email protected] Received 31 August 2020; Revised 30 December 2020; Accepted 6 May 2021; Published 22 May 2021 Academic Editor: Jianzhong Su Copyright © 2021 Yuening Yan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Action video gaming (AVG) experience has been found related to sensorimotor and attentional development. However, the influence of AVG experience on the development of emotional perception skills is still unclear. Using behavioral and ERP measures, this study examined the relationship between AVG experience and the ability to decode emotional faces and emotional word meanings. -
Aesthetic Appreciation of Poetry Correlates with Ease of Processing in Event-Related Potentials
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Maastricht University Research Portal Aesthetic appreciation of poetry correlates with ease of processing in event-related potentials Citation for published version (APA): Obermeier, C., Kotz, S. A., Jessen, S., Raettig, T., von Koppenfels, M., & Menninghaus, W. (2016). Aesthetic appreciation of poetry correlates with ease of processing in event-related potentials. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 16(2), 362-373. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-015-0396-x Document status and date: Published: 01/04/2016 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0396-x Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. -
Traffic Sign Recognition Evaluation for Senior Adults Using EEG Signals
sensors Article Traffic Sign Recognition Evaluation for Senior Adults Using EEG Signals Dong-Woo Koh 1, Jin-Kook Kwon 2 and Sang-Goog Lee 1,* 1 Department of Media Engineering, Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Korea; [email protected] 2 CookingMind Cop. 23 Seocho-daero 74-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06621, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4909 Abstract: Elderly people are not likely to recognize road signs due to low cognitive ability and presbyopia. In our study, three shapes of traffic symbols (circles, squares, and triangles) which are most commonly used in road driving were used to evaluate the elderly drivers’ recognition. When traffic signs are randomly shown in HUD (head-up display), subjects compare them with the symbol displayed outside of the vehicle. In this test, we conducted a Go/Nogo test and determined the differences in ERP (event-related potential) data between correct and incorrect answers of EEG signals. As a result, the wrong answer rate for the elderly was 1.5 times higher than for the youths. All generation groups had a delay of 20–30 ms of P300 with incorrect answers. In order to achieve clearer differentiation, ERP data were modeled with unsupervised machine learning and supervised deep learning. The young group’s correct/incorrect data were classified well using unsupervised machine learning with no pre-processing, but the elderly group’s data were not. On the other hand, the elderly group’s data were classified with a high accuracy of 75% using supervised deep learning with simple signal processing. -
Developing a N400 Brain Computer Interface Based on Semantic Expectancy
Developing a N400 Brain Computer Interface based on semantic expectancy Francesco Chiossi 1, 2 1 Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy 2 Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. MAR 4-3, Marchstr 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany [email protected] Abstract. In this study, we present a new application to the study of the N400 related event component applied to the Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) field. The N400 is classically defined in literature as an index of semantic integration mechanisms and it is sensitive to the difficulty with which the reader integrates the input within the semantic context, based on their expectations. By varying the level of violation of expectations in the semantic context and presenting sentences lacking the final word (cloze probability test) we want to train a classifier so that it can always complete the sentences in accordance with the expectations of the participant. The online classification is based on the av- erage peak differences in three different conditions (target, semantically related and unrelated), where the amplitude of the N400 should correlate with the pro- gressive and greater violation of semantic expectation. The findings can con- tribute significantly to this area of research that is still left with several unan- swered questions as this research is one of the first to exploit the N400 in an online experiment. Keywords: brain-computer interfacing, electroencephalography, N400, human- computer interaction, reading, expectancy, language, communication, seman- tics. 1 Introduction A brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a direct connection between the brain and an external device, translating brain signals into commands for electronic devices [1]. -
The N400 As an Index of Racial Stereotype Accessibility
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Advance Access published March 22, 2013 doi:10.1093/scan/nst018 SCAN (2013) 1 of 9 The N400 as an index of racial stereotype accessibility Eric Hehman,1 Hannah I. Volpert,2 and Robert F. Simons3 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA, 2Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, and 3Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA The current research examined the viability of the N400, an event-related potential (ERP) related to the detection of semantic incongruity, as an index of both stereotype accessibility and interracial prejudice. Participants EEG was recorded while they completed a sequential priming task, in which negative or positive, stereotypically black (African American) or white (Caucasian American) traits followed the presentation of either a black or white face acting as a prime. ERP examination focused on the N400, but additionally examined N100 and P200 reactivity. Replicating and extending previous N400 stereotype research, results indicated that the N400 can indeed function as an index of stereotype accessibility in an interracial domain, as greater N400 reactivity was elicited by trials in which the face prime was incongruent with the target trait than when primes and traits matched. Furthermore, N400 activity was moderated by participants self-reported explicit bias. More explicitly biased participants demonstrated greater N400 reactivity to stereotypically white traits following black faces than black traits following black faces. P200 activity was additionally associated with participants implicit biases, as more implicitly biased participants similarly demonstrated greater P200 reactivity to stereotypically white traits following black faces Downloaded from than black traits following black faces. -
N400 to Semantically Anomalous Pictures and Words
N400 to Semantically Anomalous Pictures and Words Arti Nigam, James E. Hoffian, and Robert F. Simons University of Delaware Abstract Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/4/1/15/1754910/jocn.1992.4.1.15.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 The N400 component of the human event-related brain in one condition by a line drawing representing the same potential appears to be related to violations of semantic expec- concept (eg, the word “socks” was replaced by a picture of tancy during language comprehension.The present experiment socks). The N400 recorded in the Pictures Condition was found investigated whether the N400 is related specifically to activity to be identical to the N400 generated by words in terms of in a language system or is an index of a conceptual system that amplitude, scalp distribution, and latency. These results suggest is accessed by both pictures and words. Sentences were visually that the N400 is an index of activity in a conceptual memory presented one word at a time with the last word being replaced that is accessed by both pictures and words. INTRODUCTION 1985a) rather than in a sentence context. The principal finding is that pairs of unrelated words or words that do In a seminal study, Kutas and Hillyard (1980) discovered not fit into the category established by the other words a component of the human event-related brain potential in the series elicit N400s. This is presumably due to (ERP) that appeared to be uniquely associated with lan- priming by semantically related words and words be- guage processing. -
Brain Responses Before and After Intensive Second Language Learning: Proficiency Based Changes and First Language Background Effects in Adult Learners
Brain Responses before and after Intensive Second Language Learning: Proficiency Based Changes and First Language Background Effects in Adult Learners Erin Jacquelyn White1,2*, Fred Genesee1,2, Karsten Steinhauer1,3* 1 Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada, 2 Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 3 School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Abstract This longitudinal study tracked the neuro-cognitive changes associated with second language (L2) grammar learning in adults in order to investigate how L2 processing is shaped by a learner’s first language (L1) background and L2 proficiency. Previous studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) have argued that late L2 learners cannot elicit a P600 in response to L2 grammatical structures that do not exist in the L1 or that are different in the L1 and L2. We tested whether the neuro- cognitive processes underlying this component become available after intensive L2 instruction. Korean- and Chinese late- L2-learners of English were tested at the beginning and end of a 9-week intensive English-L2 course. ERPs were recorded while participants read English sentences containing violations of regular past tense (a grammatical structure that operates differently in Korean and does not exist in Chinese). Whereas no P600 effects were present at the start of instruction, by the end of instruction, significant P600s were observed for both L1 groups. Latency differences in the P600 exhibited by Chinese and Korean speakers may be attributed to differences in L1–L2 reading strategies. Across all participants, larger P600 effects at session 2 were associated with: 1) higher levels of behavioural performance on an online grammaticality judgment task; and 2) with correct, rather than incorrect, behavioural responses. -
ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES to the BRAIN
ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES TO THE BRAIN: AN ERP PRIMER Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Short title: ERPs Peak Review. Key Words: ERP, peak, latency, brain activity source, electrophysiology. Please address all correspondence to: Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Ph.D. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences 317 Life Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY 40292-0001. [email protected] ERP Peaks Review 2 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Abstract This paper reviews literature on the characteristics and possible interpretations of the event- related potential (ERP) peaks commonly identified in research. The description of each peak includes typical latencies, cortical distributions, and possible brain sources of observed activity as well as the evoking paradigms and underlying psychological processes. The review is intended to serve as a tutorial for general readers interested in neuropsychological research and a references source for researchers using ERP techniques. ERP Peaks Review 3 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Over the latter portion of the past century recordings of brain electrical activity such as the continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and the stimulus-relevant event-related potentials (ERPs) became frequent tools of choice for investigating the brain’s role in the cognitive processing in different populations. These electrophysiological recording techniques are generally non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and do not require participants to provide a motor or verbal response. -
Event-Related Brain Potentials Distinguish Processing Stages Involved in Face Perception and Recognition
Clinical Neurophysiology 111 (2000) 694±705 www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Event-related brain potentials distinguish processing stages involved in face perception and recognition Martin Eimer* Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Accepted 15 October 1999 Abstract Objectives: An event-related brain potential (ERP) study investigated how different processing stages involved in face identi®cation are re¯ected by ERP modulations, and how stimulus repetitions and attentional set in¯uence such effects. Methods: ERPs were recorded in response to photographs of familiar faces, unfamiliar faces, and houses. In Part I, participants had to detect infrequently presented targets (hands), in Part II, attention was either directed towards or away from the pictorial stimuli. Results: The face-speci®c N170 component elicited maximally at lateral temporal electrodes was not affected by face familiarity. When compared with unfamiliar faces, familiar faces elicited an enhanced negativity between 300 and 500 ms (`N400f') which was followed by an enhanced positivity beyond 500 ms post-stimulus (`P600f'). In contrast to the `classical' N400, these effects were parietocentrally distrib- uted. They were attenuated, but still reliable, for repeated presentations of familiar faces. When attention was directed to another demanding task, no `N400f' was elicited, but the `P600f' effect remained to be present. Conclusions: While the N170 re¯ects the pre-categorical structural encoding of faces, the `N400f' and `P600f' are likely to indicate subsequent processes involved in face recognition. Impaired structural encoding can result in the disruption of face identi®cation. This is illustrated by a neuropsychological case study, demonstrating the absence of the N170 and later ERP indicators of face recognition in a prosopagnosic patient. -
Semantic Processing of Spoken Words in Alzheimer's Disease: An
Semantic Processing of Spoken Words in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Electrophysiological Study Antti Revonsuo, Raija Portin, Kirsi Juottonen, and Juha O. Rinne University of Turku, Finland Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/10/3/408/1758334/089892998562726.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 Abstract ■ Patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have severe studies is whether word-elicited ERPs other than N400 remain difªculties in tasks requiring the use of semantic knowledge. normal in AD. In the present study our aim was to ªnd out The semantic deªcits associated with AD have been extensively whether the ERP waveforms N1, P2, N400, and Late Positive studied by using behavioral methods. Many of these studies Component (LPC) to semantically congruous and incongruous indicate that AD patients have a general deªcit in voluntary spoken words are abnormal in AD and whether such abnor- access to semantic representations but that the structure of the malities speciªcally reºect deªciencies in semantic activation representations themselves might be preserved. However, sev- in AD. Auditory ERPs from 20 scalp sites to semantically con- eral studies also provide evidence that to some extent semantic gruous and incongruous ªnal words in spoken sentences were representations in AD may in fact be degraded. Recently, a few recorded from 17 healthy elderly adults and 9 AD patients. The studies have utilized event-related brain potentials (ERPs) that early ERP waveforms N1 and P2 were relatively normal for the are sensitive to semantic factors in order to investigate the AD patients, but the N400 and LPC effects (amplitude differ- electrophysiological correlates of the semantic impairment in ence between congruous and incongruous conditions) were AD. -
Elizabeth Bowen's “Narrative Language at White Heat”
Elizabeth Bowen’s “narrative language at white heat”: A literary-linguistic perspective Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Dr. phil., vorgelegt dem Fachbereich 05 – Philosophie und Philologie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz von Julia Rabea Kind aus Darmstadt Mainz 2016 Referentin: Korreferent: Tag des Prüfungskolloquiums: 20. Mai 2016 Contents 1. Introduction: The experience of reading Bowen’s “narrative language at white heat” 3 1.1 Bowen’s poetic practice: Composition, form and reading ...................................... 5 1.2 Literary scholarship on Bowen’s language ........................................................... 12 1.3 Parameters of analysis: The Last September, To the North and The Heat of the Day .............................................................................................................................. 15 1.4 A literary-linguistic perspective on Bowen’s language ........................................ 18 2. A model of literary sentence processing and aesthetic pleasure ................................. 23 2.1 Neuroscience: The human brain and experimental methods ................................. 27 2.2 Neuroaesthetics: Sources of aesthetic pleasure ..................................................... 29 2.3 Neurolinguistics: Sentence processing .................................................................. 43 2.4 Conceptual compatibility of neuroaesthetics and neurolinguistics ....................... 58 2.5 Difficulty, ease and aesthetic pleasure in -
Frequency and Predictability Effects on Event-Related Potentials During Reading
Research Report Frequency and predictability effects on event-related potentials during reading Michael Dambacher a,⁎, Reinhold Kliegl a, Markus Hofmann b, Arthur M. Jacobs b aHelmholtz Center for the Study of Mind and Brain Dynamics, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, 14451 Potsdam, Germany bDepartment of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT Effects of frequency, predictability, and position of words on event-related potentials were assessed during word-by-word sentence reading in 48 subjects in an early and in a late time window corresponding to P200 and N400. Repeated measures multiple regression analyses revealed a P200 effect in the high-frequency range; also the P200 was larger on words at the Keywords: beginning and end of sentences than on words in the middle of sentences (i.e., a quadratic Event-related potentials effect of word position). Predictability strongly affected the N400 component; the effect was Word frequency stronger for low than for high-frequency words. The P200 frequency effect indicates that Word predictability high-frequency words are lexically accessed very fast, independent of context information. Reading Effects on the N400 suggest that predictability strongly moderates the late access especially Lexical access of low-frequency words. Thus, contextual facilitation on the N400 appears to reflect both Repeated measures multiple lexical and post-lexical stages of word recognition, questioning a strict classification into regression analysis lexical and post-lexical processes. Abbreviations: rmMRA, repeated measures multiple regression analysis rmANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance 1. Introduction (N400) event-related potentials (ERPs) which were measured on open-class words in a sentence-reading experiment.