Reciprocity/Examination Endorsement Agreement
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Analyzing Louisiana's Sales Taxsystem in the Wake of South
Louisiana Law Review Volume 80 Number 1 Fall 2019 Article 13 3-3-2020 There Must Be a Better Way: Analyzing Louisiana’s Sales TaxSystem in the Wake of South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. Claire E. Schnell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev Part of the Law Commons Repository Citation Claire E. Schnell, There Must Be a Better Way: Analyzing Louisiana’s Sales TaxSystem in the Wake of South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., 80 La. L. Rev. (2020) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol80/iss1/13 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. There Must Be a Better Way: Analyzing Louisiana’s Sales Tax System in the Wake of South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. Claire E. Schnell* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................. 248 I. Origins of the Physical Presence Requirement ............................ 251 A. Why “Use Taxes”? ................................................................ 251 B. History of the Physical Presence Requirement ...................... 252 1. National Bellas Hess v. Department of Revenue of Illinois: The Seminal Case on the Physical Presence Requirement ..................................................... 253 2. Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady: Introduction of “Substantial Nexus” ............................... 254 3. Quill Corp. v. North Dakota: The Physical Presence Requirement Lives on in the Digital Age ........ 254 4. Congressional Inaction in the Wake of Quill .................. 255 5. Direct Marketing Concurrence: Tides Turning on the Physical Presence Requirement ........................... -
A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-Circa 1798
THE TULANE EUROPEAN AND CIVIL LAW FORUM VOLUME 31/32 2017 A Confusion of Institutions: Spanish Law and Practice in a Francophone Colony, Louisiana, 1763-circa 1798 Paul E Hoffman* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II. THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND LOCAL LAW AND ORDER .................... 4 III. SLAVERY ............................................................................................. 13 IV. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 20 I. INTRODUCTION French Louisiana had been a thorn in the flank of Spain’s Atlantic Empire from its founding in 1699. Failure to remove that thorn in 1699 and again in 1716, when doing so would have been comparatively easy and Spanish naval forces were positioned to do so, meant that by 1762 the wound had festered, so that the colony had become what La Salle, Iberville, Bienville, and their royal masters had envisioned: a smuggling station through which French goods reached New Spain and Cuba and their goods—dye stuffs and silver mostly—reached France and helped to pay the costs of a colony that consumed more than it produced, at least so 1 far as the French crown’s finances were concerned. * © 2017 Paul E Hoffman. Professor Emeritus of History, Louisiana State University. 1. I have borrowed the “thorn” from ROBERT S. WEDDLE, THE FRENCH THORN: RIVAL EXPLORERS IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1682-1762 (1991); ROBERT S. WEDDLE, CHANGING TIDES: TWILIGHT AND DAWN IN THE SPANISH SEA, 1763-1803 (1995) (carries the story of explorations). The most detailed history of the French colony to 1731 is the five volumes of A History of French Louisiana: MARCEL GIRAUD, 1-4 HISTOIRE DE LA LOUISIANA FRANÇAISE (1953-74); 1 A HISTORY OF FRENCH LOUISIANA: THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV, 1698-1715 (Joseph C. -
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA STEADY RENT GROWTH PROJECTED AS LOCAL TRADE ECONOMY EXPANDS MARKET TRENDS While payrolls shrank by close to 30,000 jobs in EFFECTIVE RENT AND OCCUPANCY 2020, jobs recovery will be a major trend in 2021 $1,050 98% and ultimately will be critical in buoying demand for apartments in Baton Rouge. Positive momen- tum is expected in the construction and the trade and transportation industries thanks to major $1,020 96% expansions at ports that act as vital economic hubs. In October 2020, port officials entered into a lease agreement with Houston-based renew- $990 94% able energy company Greentech Materials. The tech firm aims to develop a 164-acre diesel fuel plant that would create 500 jobs during construc- $960 92% tion and dozens of high-paying tech jobs fol- lowing completion. Likewise, energy giant Shell is considering a $1.2 billion investment into its Geismar plant that would create approximately $930 90% * ** ** 150 permanent positions and 1,500 construction ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’21 ’22 Effective Rent Occupancy jobs. Despite the negative pressure on the econ- omy caused by pandemic restrictions, pent-up ABSORPTION AND DELIVERIES demand for apartment housing encouraged 2021 MARKET AT A GLANCE operators to increase effective rent 0.8% during 4,000 2020 as occupancy rose 140 basis points annually OCCUPANCY RATE to 93.1%. Effective rent should continue increasing in 2021 and 2022 with the expectation that the 93.0% Down 10 bps YOY diversifying economy and low cost of living will 2,000 continue to attract new renters to the area as it fully recovers from the pandemic. -
Northern and Louisiana Waterthrushes in California
CALIFORNIA BIRDS Volume 2, Number 3, 1971 NORTHERN AND LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSHES IN CALIFORNIA Laurence C. Binford INTRODUCTION No thorough summaryof the Californiastatus of the Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis and the Louisiana Waterthrush S. rnotacillahas been publishedsince 1944 (Grinnelland Miller). Since then the statusof the LouisianaWaterthrush has not changed,there still beingonly one recordfor the state. For the Northern Waterthrush, on the other hand, the increasein number and sophisticationof birdershas producedmany additional records, from which certain trends begin to emerge. One problem that rendersthese new data difficult to interpret is "observerbias." Field ornithologiststend to be selectivein their birding habits in respectto localitiesand dates. As a result, large areas of the state remain virtually unworked, and other localities are visited only at certain times of the year. My remarksconcerning the statusof the Northern Waterthrushin Californiaare thereforelargely speculative. Calif. Birds2:77-92, 1971 77 WATERTHRUSHES IN CALIFORNIA NORTHERN WATERTHRUSH The Northern Waterthrush breeds from north-central Alaska and the tree line in northern Canada south to central British Columbia and the northern tier of states from Idaho eastward. In winter it occursprimarily from southernMexico, the Bahamas,and Bermuda south through Central America and the West Indies to northern South America. It winters in smaller numbers on both coasts of Mexico north to San Luis Potosi,Sinaloa (rare), Nayarit (common), and southern Baja California, and casuallyin southeasternUnited States(Alden, 1969; AmericanOrnithologists' Union, 1957; Miller, et al., 1957). Althoughthis speciesmigrates principally through central and eastern United States and acrossthe Gulf of Mexico, it is known to be a regular but rather uncommon transient through eastern Arizona(Phillips, et al., 1964). -
Immigrant Detention in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and the COVID-19 Pandemic
WEBINAR Immigrant Detention in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and the COVID-19 Pandemic May 6, 2020 2:30pm – 4pm EDT 1:30pm – 3pm CDT Featured Speakers DONALD KERWIN Executive Director Center for Migration Studies HIROKO KUSUDA Clinic Professor and Director of the Immigration Law Section Loyola University New Orleans College of Law AMELIA S. MCGOWAN Immigration Campaign Director Mississippi Center for Justice Adjunct Professor Mississippi College School of Law Immigration Clinic MARK DOW Author of American Gulag: Inside US Immigration Prisons US Immigrant Detention System ● Genesis of Webinar: A Whole of Community Response to Challenges Facing Immigrants, their Families, and Communities in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama ● The US Immigrant Detention System: Size, Growth, “Civil” Detention Population, Privatization, and Diversity of Institutional Actors ● Immigrant detainees v. persons serving time. ● Louisiana has always been one of the states with the most immigrant detainees. ICE Detention Facility Locator: https://www.ice.gov/detention-facilities COVID-19 and US Immigrant Detention System ● “Confirmed” COVID-19 Cases: (1) March 27 (no “confirmed” cases among detainees), (2) April 20 (124 confirmed cases), (3) May 4 (606 confirmed cases in 37 facilities, and 39 cases among ICE detention staff). Source: https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus ● These figures do not count: (1) former detainees who have been deported, (2) ICE contractors (private, state and local, and others); and (3) non-ICE prisoners/detainees held with ICE detainees. ● ICE detention population: March 21 (38,058), April 25 (29,675). ● Social distancing is “nearly impossible in immigration detention.” As a result, ICE should “implement community-based alternatives to detention to alleviate the mass overcrowding in detention facilities.” Open letter to ICE Acting Director Matthew T. -
Louisiana Travel Guide 2021-2022
louisiana travel guide 2021-2022 Office of State Travel Purpose: This Travel Guide is to provide guidelines and establishes procedures for individuals incurring business travel expenses on the State’s behalf. Objectives: Ensure all travelers have a clear and consistent understanding of policies and procedures for business travel. Provide State Travelers with a reasonable level of service, comfort, and safety at the lowest possible cost. Maximize the organization’s ability to negotiate discounted rates with preferred suppliers and reduce travel expenses. Goal: Special emphasis will be given on travel training for our agencies to ensure compliance with the travel policy. INTERNET ADDRESS: https://www.doa.la.gov/doa/ost/ Garret DeBate, CPA State Travel Director PHONE (225) 342-8053 FAX (225) 342-5019 email:[email protected] BRENDA MYERS State Travel MANAGER PHONE (225) 342-8039 FAX (225) 342-5019 email: [email protected] SHELITA WOODS State Travel MANAGER PHONE (225) 342-6322 FAX (225) 342-5019 email: [email protected] Randy Davis Assistant Commissioner CONTRACTED TRAVEL AGENCIES CHRISTOPHERSON BUSINESS TRAVEL 5588 S. Green Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84123 CHRISTOPHERSON'S TRAVEL ADVISOR TEAM TOLL FREE: 800-961-0720 DIRECT: 205-874-8538 HOURS: 7:00 AM - 8:00 PM CT, Monday - Friday EMAIL: [email protected] (State Advisor Team) EMAIL: [email protected] (University Advisor Team) $24.00 PER DOMESTIC TICKET $31.00 PER INTERNATIONAL TICKET $21.00 PER DOMESTIC TICKET FOR 10+ TAX ON SAME ITINERARY $29.00 FOR INTERNATIONAL FOR 10+ PAX ON SAME ITINERARY ON-LINE BOOKING, WHICH IS NON REFUNDABLE: $7.00 FOR DOMESTIC OR INTERNATIONAL TICKET CREATE A TRAVEL PROFILE: https://legacy.cbtravel.com/business/profile/stateofla/ CHRISTOPHERSON BUSINESS TRAVEL LOGIN: https://app.cbtat.com/ (click on Airportal Login) AFTER HOURS SERVICE 1-800-961-0720 After 5 p.m. -
The Spanish Conquistadores and Colonial Empire
The Spanish Conquistadores and Colonial Empire Treaty of Tordesillas Columbus’s colonization of the Atlantic islands inaugurated an era of aggressive Spanish expansion across the Atlantic. Spanish colonization after Columbus accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal to an unprecedented level. The two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. But in 1493, Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI issued two papal decrees giving legitimacy to Spain’s Atlantic claims over the claims of Portugal. Hoping to salvage Portugal’s holdings, King João II negotiated a treaty with Spain. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America. Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. Map of the land division determined by the Treaty of Tordesillas. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons Conquistadores and Spanish colonization Columbus’s discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable native peoples, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Spanish explorers with hopes of conquest in the New World were known as conquistadores. Hernán Cortés arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and participated in the conquest of the Island. Cortés then led the exploration of the Yucatán Peninsula in hopes of attaining glory. -
Reciprocal Influences Between the Laws of Spain and Louisiana José María Castán Vazquez
Louisiana Law Review Volume 42 | Number 5 Special Issue 1982 Reciprocal Influences Between the Laws of Spain and Louisiana José María Castán Vazquez Repository Citation José María Castán Vazquez, Reciprocal Influences Between the Laws of Spain and Louisiana, 42 La. L. Rev. (1982) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol42/iss5/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECIPROCAL INFLUENCES BETWEEN THE LAWS OF SPAIN AND LOUISIANA Jose Maria Castdn Vazquez* On entering upon the presentation of this paper, I found myself suddenly struck by a serious and well-grounded fear, a fear caused by the fact that I have never presented a paper concerning the reciprocal influences between the Spanish civil laws and the civil law of Louisiana, for I am no specialist in that area and, worse yet, because I must present this paper to a good number of Louisiana judges, law- yers, professors and researchers who have a profound knowledge of the existing law of their state in its actual and normative version, as well as of its historical elements and sources. Nevertheless, when I first learned from Dr. Jos6 Maria Morenillas, my admired friend and colleague, about the invitation to participate in this congress and to present this paper, and later when the invitation was officially con- firmed by Don Jos6 Maria Alvarez Romero, the renowned Director of the Cultural Division of the Institute of Latin American Coopera- tion, I realized that I could not decline such an honorable invitation that offered me the opportunity, probably the only one in my life, to be in direct contact and collaboration with jurists of a North American state having a profound juridical bond with Spain. -
Llttroduction the Section of Louisiana
area between the two northe111 boundaries \llhich the English had established was in dispute between the new United States and Spain, who again owned the rest of llTTRODUCTION Flo~ida - both East and West - as a result of the lat est Treaty of Paris. This dispute continued until 1798, when the United States waS finally put in The section of Louisiana known today as the pos~ession of the area to the thirty-first parallel "Florida Parishes" -- consisting of the eight (the lower boundary line), which waS re-established parishes of East and West Feliciana, East Baton Rouge, as the northern boundar,y of West Florida. st. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, Washington, and When the United States purchased from France in St. Tammany -- was included in the area known as the 1803 the real estate west of the Mississippi River province of I1Louisiana" claimed by France until 1763· kno"m as the "Louisiana Purchase," the United States Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris which in that mad~ feeble claims on the area of West Florida re year ended the Seven Years War, or the French and maining to Spain. Indian Wax, this territory became English along with Meantime, several abortive attempts at all the territory east of the Mississippi River ex reb~llion against Spain were made within the area. cept the Isle of Orleans*. Even the Spanish province On 23 September 1810 a successful armed revolt of "Florida" (approximately the present state of OCC1.trred, and for a short time the "Republic of Florida) became English at that time. -
List of Surrounding States *For Those Chapters That Are Made up of More Than One State We Will Submit Education to the States and Surround States of the Chapter
List of Surrounding States *For those Chapters that are made up of more than one state we will submit education to the states and surround states of the Chapter. Hawaii accepts credit for education if approved in state in which class is being held Accepts credit for education if approved in state in which class is being held Virginia will accept Continuing Education hours without prior approval. All Qualifying Education must be approved by them. Offering In Will submit to Alaska Alabama Florida Georgia Mississippi South Carolina Texas Arkansas Kansas Louisiana Missouri Mississippi Oklahoma Tennessee Texas Arizona California Colorado New Mexico Nevada Utah California Arizona Nevada Oregon Colorado Arizona Kansas Nebraska New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Utah Wyoming Connecticut Massachusetts New Jersey New York Rhode Island District of Columbia Delaware Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Delaware District of Columbia Maryland New Jersey Pennsylvania Florida Alabama Georgia Georgia Alabama Florida North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Hawaii Iowa Illinois Missouri Minnesota Nebraska South Dakota Wisconsin Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Illinois Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Missouri Tennessee Wisconsin Indiana Illinois Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas Colorado Missouri Nebraska Oklahoma Kentucky Illinois Indiana Missouri Ohio Tennessee Virginia West Virginia Louisiana Arkansas Mississippi Texas Massachusetts Connecticut Maine New Hampshire New York Rhode Island Vermont Maryland Delaware District of Columbia -
Parish of East Baton Rouge, Louisiana – Brec S Chapter 2
PARISH OF EAST BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA – BREC STRATEGIC PLAN Chapter 2 – Demographic Report CHAPTER 2 - DEMOGRAPHIC REPORT INTRODUCTION The US Census Bureau's 2000 census brief stated that the Nation's 1990 to 2000 population increase of 32.7 million was the largest in American history. The previous record increase was 28.0 million people between 1950 and 1960, a gain fueled primarily by the post-World War II baby boom (1946 to 1964). Total decennial population growth declined steadily in the three decades following the 1950s peak before rising again in the 1990s. Population growth varied significantly by region in the 1990s, with higher rates in the West (19.7%) and the South (17.3%) and much lower rates in the Midwest (7.9 %) and the Northeast (5.5%). The East Baton Rouge Parish is the third most populated Parish in Louisiana, after Orleans Parish (484,647) and Jefferson Parish (455,466). However, in the 1990s it was also one of the fastest growing Parishes in the State of Louisiana; the Parish added about 38,000 people, second only to St. Tammany Parish which added 46,760 people. Among the two largest Parishes in the State, Jefferson Parish added about 7,000 people while Orleans Parish actually lost population in the 1990s. POPULATION According to the 2000 Census, the Parish of East Baton Rouge had a population of 412,852 an increase from the 1990 population by 32,747 people (8.6%). City of Baton Rouge’s population totaled 227,818, up from 219,531 in 1990 - a 3.8% increase. -
Systems of California Indian Servitude Under US Rule
‘‘Unholy Traffic in Human Blood and Souls’’: Systems of California Indian Servitude under U.S. Rule BENJAMIN MADLEY The author teaches in the history department and American Indian Studies Program at the University of California, Los Angeles. From 1846 onward, at least 20,000 California Indians worked in varied forms of bondage under U.S. rule. This essay provides the first article-length survey of the statewide rise and fall of California’s systems of Indian servitude under U.S. rule, including their Russo-Hispanic antecedents, establishment under martial law, expansion under civilian rule, and dismantling by state and federal authorities. Further, this article proposes the first taxonomy of these systems and, in conclusion, discusses how California Indian servitude illuminates the histories of California, the western United States, the nation as a whole, and the western hemisphere while suggesting new analytical methods and research directions. Key words: American Indian labor, American Indian slavery, California Indians, California legal history, indentured servitude, unfree labor The author thanks Stephen Aron, Colin Calloway, Boyd Cothran, Robin Derby, Bruce Duthu, John Faragher, Daniel Lynch, Timothy Macholz, William Marotti, Valerie Mat- sumoto, Preston McBride, Edward Melillo, Aaron O’Connell, Carla Pestana, Jesse Philips, Arthur Rolston, Peter Stacey, Kevin Terraciano, Owen Williams, Craig Yirush, Judy Yung, Natale Zappia, and the Pacific Historical Review’s editors and anonymous reviewers. Michael Magliari provided patient and invaluable guidance. Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 4, pages 626–667. ISSN 0030-8684, eISSN 1533-8584 © 2014 by the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.